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\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11343011 \chftnsep 
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\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11343011 \chftnsepc 
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\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11343011 \chftnsep 
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\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11343011 \chftnsepc 
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\insrsid6817248 PAGE  }}{\fldrslt }}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\insrsid6817248 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6817248 
\par }}{\footerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\pvpara\phmrg\posxc\posy0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15794853 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6123763 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11557240\charrsid6123763 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11557240\charrsid6123763 AT SUVA
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9781421\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2896770\charrsid6123763 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. CAV0006 OF 2008S
\par (Appeal No. AAU0038 of 2006)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2896770\charrsid6123763 BETWEEN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763\charrsid6123763 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2896770\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2896770\charrsid6123763 MAKARIO ANISIMAI
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2896770\charrsid6123763 Petitioner
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2896770\charrsid6123763 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763\charrsid6123763 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2896770\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2896770\charrsid6123763 THE STATE
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2896770\charrsid6123763 Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6123763 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11022855\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2896770\charrsid6123763 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8980268\charrsid6123763 ORAM}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763\charrsid6123763 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2896770\charrsid6123763 Hon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255837\charrsid6123763 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2896770\charrsid6123763  Chief Justice Anthony Gates, President}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13438420\charrsid6123763  of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2896770\charrsid6123763 
\par Hon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255837\charrsid6123763 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2896770\charrsid6123763  Justice William Marshall, Ju}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13438420\charrsid6123763 stice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2896770\charrsid6123763  of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13438420\charrsid6123763 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2896770\charrsid6123763 Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076553\charrsid6123763 Hon. Justice Paul Madigan, Justice of the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2896770\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7489118\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10037973\charrsid6123763 Counsel:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763\charrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10037973\charrsid6123763 Petitioner in Person
\par Mr. P. Bulamainaivalu for the Respondent
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10037973\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11022855\charrsid6123763 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9781421\charrsid6123763 ate of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076553\charrsid6123763 Hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11022855\charrsid6123763 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763\charrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076553\charrsid6123763 Wednesday, 1st February 2012
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4076553\charrsid6123763 Date of Judgment:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763\charrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8787876\charrsid6123763 Thursday, 23rd February 2012}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11022855\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6123763 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2061151\charrsid6123763 JUDGMENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9402263\charrsid6123763 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2061151\charrsid6123763  OF THE COURT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12846460 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16211337\charrsid6123763 Anthony Gates, President
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13446335\charrsid6123763 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16211337\charrsid6123763 \tab I agree with the judgment of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5707965\charrsid6123763 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16211337\charrsid6123763 ustice William Marshall.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1533277\charrsid6123763 Justice William Marshall
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16211337\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid77873\charrsid6123763 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1533277\charrsid6123763 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7489118\charrsid6123763 This case was heard in the first instance by Anthony Gates President, Justice John Byrne and Justice William Marshall on 3rd August 2010.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7489118\charrsid6123763 Justice John Byrne retired in October 2010.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7489118\charrsid6123763 So a rehearing before the present Court became necessary.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7489118\charrsid6123763 Justice Paul Madigan replaced Justice John By}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13005332\charrsid6123763 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7489118\charrsid6123763 ne and the rehearing took place on 1st February 2012.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10158601\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1588141\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid77873\charrsid6123763 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13446335\charrsid6123763 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5010227\charrsid6123763 The Petitioner Makario Anisimai has already had an application by way of petition to the Supreme Court heard and dismissed on the 12th of February 2009.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5010227\charrsid6123763 He now wishes to have a second such appeal by way of Petition to the Supreme Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5010227\charrsid6123763 The question then is a jurisdictional one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5010227\charrsid6123763  does Makario Anisimai have any further right of applying for spe
cial leave within the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court or is it the case that in this criminal case the point of finality }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1574021\charrsid6123763 
of appeals has come and gone and there is no jurisdiction in the Supreme Court to entertain a second or further appeal in this case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1588141\charrsid6123763 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6123763 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13593362\charrsid6123763 Makario Anisimai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069161\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13593362\charrsid6123763  The Facts of Offending and the History of these Appeals
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1382090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1588141\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13593362\charrsid6123763 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2708499\charrsid6123763 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid878345\charrsid6123763 The petitioner was convicted on 1 June 2006, after a trial in the High Court, of one count of robbery with violence, contrary to s.293(1)(b) of the Penal Code, Cap.17, and one 
count of larceny, contrary to ss.259 and 262 of the Penal Code.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid878345\charrsid6123763 
The count of robbery with violence related to theft of F$525,000 in cash, the property of the ANZ Bank, on 6 December 2002.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4274092\charrsid6123763 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid878345\charrsid6123763 he count of larceny related to the theft on 5th December 2002 of 
a number plate subsequently used in the robbery.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid878345\charrsid6123763 
The petitioner was sentenced to a total of 14 years imprisonment for the two offences of which he was convicted.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13593362\charrsid6123763 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1277161\charrsid6123763 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid878345\charrsid6123763 The petitioner filed a notice of appeal with the Court of Appeal challenging both his conviction and his sentence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid878345\charrsid6123763 However, he was subsequently}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7802254\charrsid6123763 , on 26th August 2008}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid878345\charrsid6123763 refused leave to appeal by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7802254\charrsid6123763 President Gordon Ward sitting as a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid878345\charrsid6123763  single Judge of that Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid878345\charrsid6123763 The petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid878345\charrsid6123763 s case perhaps was not advanced by his escape from custody (and subsequent recapture) prior to the hearing of what was treated by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7802254\charrsid6123763 President Gordon Ward }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid878345\charrsid6123763 as an application for leave to appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7802254\charrsid6123763  against conviction and sentence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid878345\charrsid6123763 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14051004\charrsid6123763 6.\tab On 7th February}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11291862\charrsid6123763 
 2008 an application for leave to appeal against conviction and sentence was renewed before a full Court of Appeal consisting of Madam Justice Shameem JA (presiding), Mataitoga JA and Daniel Goundar JA.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid878345\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11291862\charrsid6123763 
\par 7.\tab Before the Court of Appeal on 7th February 2008 Makario Anisimai was represented by AK Singh.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11291862\charrsid6123763 Judgment of the Court was handed down on 26th March 2008.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11291862\charrsid6123763 The judgment commenced with an account of what had happened in the Magistrates Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11291862\charrsid6123763 The Court of Appeal had the complete record in the Magistrates Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11291862\charrsid6123763 It quoted from it in setting out the events relating to the transfer of the case to the High Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11291862\charrsid6123763 That is because the principal ground of appeal alleged that the transfer to the High Court was a nullity.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11291862\charrsid6123763 The Court of Appeal then set out the complete proposed grounds of appeal in full.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11291862\charrsid6123763 There were nine in all.
\par 
\par 8.\tab In deciding the alleged nullity in the transfer point the Court of Appeal followed the law explained by the Court of Appeal on the point in the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11291862\charrsid6123763 Abhay Kumar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14903823\charrsid6123763  Singh v. The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14903823\charrsid6123763  Criminal Appeal No. AAU0009 of 2004S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14903823\charrsid6123763 The Court concluded at paragraph 24}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11291862\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14903823\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1382090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421598\charrsid6123763 In the case before us, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9377411\charrsid6123763 (the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9377411\charrsid6123763 Abhay Kumar Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9377411\charrsid6123763 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421598\charrsid6123763 decision is on point.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421598\charrsid6123763 The applicant was charged with an electable offence (robbery with violence), before the commencement date of the Amendment Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421598\charrsid6123763 He elected High Court trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421598\charrsid6123763 The prosecution made an application for the remaining charges to be similarly tried in the High Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421598\charrsid6123763 This appears to be because the 2nd accused had elected magistrates}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421598\charrsid6123763  court trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421598\charrsid6123763 The presiding magistrate explained the new transfer procedure to the applicant and his co-accused.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421598\charrsid6123763 They refused to consent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421598\charrsid6123763 A preliminary inquiry date was set.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421598\charrsid6123763 On the day of the inquiry the applicant consented to the transfer.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421598\charrsid6123763 In doing so, he waived his right (preserved by virtue of section 15 of the Amendment Act) to a preliminary inquiry.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421598\charrsid6123763 The fact that he had earlier refused consent suggests that this waiver was informed and unequivocal.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421598\charrsid6123763 There was no breach of the Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421598\charrsid6123763 There is no merit in that ground of appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421598\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-567\li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid6123763 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421598\charrsid6123763 
\par 9.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14966172\charrsid6123763 In paragraphs 25 and 26 the Court of Appeal discussed the other grounds of appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421598\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1382090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14966172\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14966172\charrsid6123763 25.\tab 
The remaining grounds raise issues in relation to representation and trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14966172\charrsid6123763 
The record shows that the applicant had asked for time to make arrangements for counsel of his own choice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14966172\charrsid6123763 He did not avail himself of the opportunity despite a two year time lapse from transfer to trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14966172\charrsid6123763 During the trial, he cross-examined the police and civilian witnesses and presented a coherent defence to the Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14966172\charrsid6123763 The record shows that he was assisted by the trial judge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14966172\charrsid6123763 A trial within a trial was held to determine the admissibility of his interviews.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14966172\charrsid6123763 The ruling sets out the law and facts correctly and fairly.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14966172\charrsid6123763 There are no obvious errors of law or fact.
\par 
\par 26.\tab Similarly, we find no merit in the proposed appeal in relation to his Lordship}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14966172\charrsid6123763 s summing up. The opinions of the assessors are not perverse and are unsurprising. The reference in the proposed grounds of appeal that the assessors were told that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14966172\charrsid6123763 you can be sure about the confession}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14966172\charrsid6123763  is in fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9585815\charrsid6123763 
 a summary of the State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9585815\charrsid6123763 s case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9585815\charrsid6123763 Later in the summing up his Lordship clearly left the weight of the confession to the assessors.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9585815\charrsid6123763 The sentence was clearly explained.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9585815\charrsid6123763 The tariff for the offence of robbery with violence was increased by this court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9585815\charrsid6123763 Raymond Sikeli Singh & Others v. The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9585815\charrsid6123763  [2004] AAU 008/04 and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9585815\charrsid6123763 Sakiusa Basa v. The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9585815\charrsid6123763  [2006}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11034341\charrsid6123763 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1925466\charrsid6123763  AAU0023/06.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1925466\charrsid6123763 This was a large robbery of a security van.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1925466\charrsid6123763 The applicant was said to have received $120,000 for his part.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1925466\charrsid6123763 The evidence showed that this was, as the learned trial judge said, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1925466\charrsid6123763 a well-planned and well executed armed robbery effected with violence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1925466\charrsid6123763 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1925466\charrsid6123763 In the circumstances we can see no merit in the appeal against sentence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14966172\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421598\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6825763\charrsid6123763 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421598\charrsid6123763 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6825763\charrsid6123763 \tab The Court of Appeal decided that the renewed application for leave to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10095987\charrsid6123763 
appeal against conviction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16013138\charrsid6123763 and sentence must be refused.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421598\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16013138\charrsid6123763 
\par 11.\tab Makario Anisimai then petitioned the Supreme Court for special leave to appeal his conviction and sentence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16013138\charrsid6123763 The panel hearing the case was presided over by Justice Kenneth Handley}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid466019\charrsid6123763 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16013138\charrsid6123763  the other Justices sitting being Justice David Ipp and Justice Ronald Sackville.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16013138\charrsid6123763 The case was heard on 9th February 2009.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16013138\charrsid6123763 Mr A K Singh again represented Makario Anisimai.
\par 
\par 12.\tab Judgment of the Court was handed down on 12th February 2009.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16013138\charrsid6123763 
At paragraph 5 the Supreme Court referred to the oral hearing and the question to be addressed in detail}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16013138\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10449063\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10449063\charrsid6123763 The petitioner has sought special leave to appeal to this Court }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5135752\charrsid6123763 from the judgment of the Court of Appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5135752\charrsid6123763 His petition identified a number of grounds of appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5135752\charrsid6123763 However, the only ground elaborated in oral argument on the petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5135752\charrsid6123763 s behalf was that he had elected to be tried in the High Court on the charge of robbery with violence and, having so elected, was entitled under the Criminal Procedure Code, Cap.21 (}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5135752\charrsid6123763 CPC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5135752\charrsid6123763 ) to a preliminary inquiry before he could be validly tried on that charge in the High Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5135752\charrsid6123763 
Since no such preliminary inquiry was conducted before his trial, so the petitioner argued, his convictions could not stand and should be set aside by this Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10449063\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5135752\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10449063\charrsid6123763 13.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 \tab Under the heading }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 THE STATUTORY FRAMEWORK}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 the Supreme Court thoroughly and 
correctly analysed the legal framework of the new legislation and transitional provisions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 Then under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 
PROCEDURAL CHRONOLOGY}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 what had happened in a series of hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11296198\charrsid6123763 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763  was fully set }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11296198\charrsid6123763 out }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 and the record where relevant fully cited.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 Then there followed a careful summary of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11296198\charrsid6123763 THE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11296198\charrsid6123763 ETITIONERS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763  A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11296198\charrsid6123763 RGUMENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 After a full exposition under the heading }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 THE COURT OF APPEAL JUDGMENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 the Supreme Court explained its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 REASONING}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 which ran through 13 detailed paragraphs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10449063\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 
\par 14.\tab In paragraph 35 the Supreme Court concluded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 [35]\tab 
For these reasons, this Court is unable to accept that the findings made by the Court of Appeal should be disturbed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 It follows that the factual foundation for the petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 s submissions is wanting and those submission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569934\charrsid6123763 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763  must be rejected.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9138371\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 15.\tab The Supreme Court then considered the other issues raised in Makario Anisimai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 s petition for special leave.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 I set out what it said:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 OTHER ISSUES
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 
\par [40]\tab The petitioner advanced other arguments in his written submissions, but his counsel did not develop them in oral argument.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 In any event, they are without substance.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 CONCLUSION
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 [41]\tab The petitioner has not satisfied any of the criteria for the grant of special leave to appeal to this Court specified in s.7(2) of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 Supreme Court Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763  1988.
\par 
\par [42]\tab The petition must be dismissed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li90\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin90\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069759\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2496791\charrsid6123763 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4918946\charrsid6123763 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2496791\charrsid6123763 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16076745\charrsid6123763 \tab 
The other issues were what the Court of Appeal had considered and their conclusions are set out at paragraph }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9002382\charrsid6123763 9 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16076745\charrsid6123763 above.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8193021\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8193021\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12845185\charrsid6123763 CONCLUSIONS
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12845185\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8193021\charrsid6123763 17.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid751129\charrsid6123763 \tab 
I have set out the earlier proceedings in detail to show that the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court were meticulous in their analysis on fact and law on the only issue that the Court thought to be arguable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid751129\charrsid6123763 The Court of Appeal had considered and concluded on other issues raised.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid751129\charrsid6123763 Their conclusion on these other issues were shared by the Supre
me Court although they did not put their analysis in writing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid751129\charrsid6123763 
It is not necessary to deal with unarguable points; if it was proceedings and judgments would became unjustifiably extended to no purpose.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid751129\charrsid6123763 The hearing of other cases where there are merits would be delayed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16076745\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10683142\charrsid6123763 
\par 18.\tab This was never more than an appeal based on a technicality involving transfer to the High Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10683142\charrsid6123763 At a fair trial the learned High Court judge found Makario Anisimai }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10683142\charrsid6123763 guilty}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10683142\charrsid6123763  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10683142\charrsid6123763 of an armed robbery involving the theft of $52}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10880822\charrsid6123763 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10683142\charrsid6123763 ,000 \endash  a huge sum by any standards.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10683142\charrsid6123763 The three assessors gave their opinion also as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10683142\charrsid6123763 guilty}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10683142\charrsid6123763 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10683142\charrsid6123763 There are no legal arguments on the fairness of the trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10683142\charrsid6123763 
It was a trial according to law where the rules of law determining admissibility of caution statements were carefully followed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10683142\charrsid6123763 Our system allows one final appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10880822\charrsid6123763 to the Supreme Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10683142\charrsid6123763 even where the informed observer would say that after the High Court and the Court of Appeal had pronounced as they had on the points}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3679056\charrsid6123763 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10683142\charrsid6123763  the appeal to the Supreme Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11149878\charrsid6123763 was bordering upon the vexatious.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11149878\charrsid6123763 But a t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569934\charrsid6123763 wo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11149878\charrsid6123763  tier appeal system is part of the checks and balances required by the rule of law even though in the Supreme Court the appeal put forward is bordering on the vexatious}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2964533\charrsid6123763 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10683142\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2964533\charrsid6123763 
\par 19.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14700924\charrsid6123763 But a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8259792\charrsid6123763 second or further }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5331922\charrsid6123763 appeal to the Supreme}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11432339\charrsid6123763 Court is another matter.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569934\charrsid6123763 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6428693\charrsid6123763 f such rules allow this in our legal system it becomes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6428693\charrsid6123763 open }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11432339\charrsid6123763 s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6428693\charrsid6123763 eason}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6428693\charrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6428693\charrsid6123763 for clogging the system with such appeals.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6428693\charrsid6123763 There is nothing to stop it happening again and again in the same case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6428693\charrsid6123763 If so the hearing of appeals that are meritorious is inevitably delayed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6428693\charrsid6123763 The time of Fiji}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6428693\charrsid6123763 s top judges are wasted on cases that should never be before them.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6428693\charrsid6123763 Also the prestige of the Supreme Court suffers because at the top of the pyramid it is, as a court of final appeal, only supposed to be dealing with
 matters of public and general importance with regard to the administration of criminal justice.
\par 
\par 20.\tab  If the law is examined and it is found that a second or further appeal to the Supreme Court is beyond the jurisdiction of the Court, that still leaves a problem.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6428693\charrsid6123763 That problem is that there is no filter in the Supreme Court Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16535071\charrsid6123763 
for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6428693\charrsid6123763 the summary dismissal of claims for which there is no jurisdiction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16535071\charrsid6123763 That means that the case must be prepared and brought before three judges of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16263767\charrsid6123763 Supreme Court for them to inevitably pronounce that there is no jurisdiction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2964533\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15226286\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1588766\charrsid6123763 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6247630\charrsid6123763 inality in Criminal Appeals}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10499133\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1588766\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10499133\charrsid6123763 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8214958\charrsid6123763 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10499133\charrsid6123763 .\tab In Fiji the problem of finality in criminal appeals and the prevention of successive petitions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12208759\charrsid6123763  for special leave being heard by the Supreme Court when they arise out of t
he same investigation and trial procedures already exhaustively reviewed has been addressed on a number of occasions in recent years.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10499133\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12483319\charrsid6123763 
\par 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8214958\charrsid6123763 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12483319\charrsid6123763 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2118336\charrsid6123763 What gives petitioners like Makario Anisimai a foot in the door }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13447913\charrsid6123763 are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2118336\charrsid6123763  constitutional provisions such as section 122(5) of the 1997 Constit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4405576\charrsid6123763 uti}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2118336\charrsid6123763 on which, before it was abrogated, provided}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12483319\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2118336\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2118336\charrsid6123763 The Supreme Court may review any judgment, pronouncement or order made by it.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2118336\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2118336\charrsid6123763 
\par 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8214958\charrsid6123763 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2118336\charrsid6123763 .\tab The exact same words have been re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4854278\charrsid6123763 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2118336\charrsid6123763 enacted in section 8 of the Administration of Justice Decree 2009 subsection (5).

\par 
\par 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8214958\charrsid6123763 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2118336\charrsid6123763 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15099488\charrsid6123763 In the United Kingdom criminal appeals and finality have been addressed by successive statutes since 1907.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15598471\charrsid6123763 The procedural and substantive problems unique to criminal cases, render it appropriate to consider section 8(5) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13909552\charrsid6123763 and whether it applies to criminal appeals.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2118336\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9138371\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3612588\charrsid6123763 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8214958\charrsid6123763 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15598471\charrsid6123763 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999394\charrsid6123763 In CAV0005 of 2005 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999394\charrsid6123763 Timoci Silatolu and 3 Others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4999394\charrsid6123763 , to which I also refer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5719197\charrsid6123763  below the origins of the Privy Council power to rehear cases was explained in this way:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15598471\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14057228\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5719197\charrsid6123763 A court of final appeal has power in truly exceptional circum
stances to recall its orders even after they have been entered in order to avoid irremediable injustice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5719197\charrsid6123763 This was established by decisions of the Privy Council, particularly in Indian appeals, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5719197\charrsid6123763 
Maharajah Pertab Narain Singh v. Maharanee Subhao Koer ex parte Trilokinath}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5719197\charrsid6123763  (1878) LR 5 Ind App 171, 173; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5719197\charrsid6123763 Venkata Narasimha Appa Row v. The Court of Wards}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5719197\charrsid6123763  (1886) 11 App Cas 660;}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5719197\charrsid6123763 State Rail Authority NSW v. Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5719197\charrsid6123763  (1982) 150 CLR 29, 38-9.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5719197\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9138371\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5719197\charrsid6123763 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8214958\charrsid6123763 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5719197\charrsid6123763 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3761348\charrsid6123763 It should be noted that this rule did not apply in
 England in respect of the House of Lords which was until 2009 the Court of Final Appeal for the United Kingdom.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14774091\charrsid6123763 However when it was established in the nineteenth century that the Privy Council could revisit cases it had previously decided with (apparent)
 finality, the same principle extended to all colonial jurisdictions. So just as there was in India, there was a power of re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid291642\charrsid6123763 newed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14774091\charrsid6123763  appeal to the Privy Council for Fiji, Australia and New Zealand and all other colonial or former colonial jurisdictions which maintained the Privy Council as their final Court of Appeal.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7284502\charrsid6123763 There is no doubt that the provision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7284502\charrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7284502\charrsid6123763 
The Supreme Court may review any judgment, pronouncement or order made by it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7284502\charrsid6123763 
 was intended to replace the rights enjoyed by Fijian litigants to petition the Privy Council with the same rights to petition the Fiji Supreme Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7284502\charrsid6123763 But it was not intended that the right to petition the Privy Council should be extended in any way.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5719197\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13196054\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11304171\charrsid6123763 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8214958\charrsid6123763 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11304171\charrsid6123763 .\tab That the Privy Council power is what enlivens section 8(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5049962\charrsid6123763 5)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3754628\charrsid6123763  of the Administration of Justice Decree 2009 is beyond doubt.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11562196\charrsid6123763 The rest of section 8 simply empowers and prescribes rules relating to the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in Fiji.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11562196\charrsid6123763 These rules are drafted to interlock with the Supreme Court Act 1998.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11304171\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3612588\charrsid6123763 
\par 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8214958\charrsid6123763 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9111468\charrsid6123763 .\tab But section 8(5) p
rovides an unusual power which is a rarity within the whole range of common law and civil law systems.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9111468\charrsid6123763 At least since Roman Law the principle of finality has ruled in respect of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid291642\charrsid6123763 civil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14831899\charrsid6123763  and criminal cases.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14831899\charrsid6123763 The reason is that there are compelling reasons in
 any civil society for permitting disputes in law to be fully and fairly litigated with the proviso that it is against the interest of the users of any legal system and against the public interest for there to be any open door to endless rehearings crimin
al or civil.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14831899\charrsid6123763 That is why finality in litigation is almost a universal norm.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13709994\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4938706\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8214958\charrsid6123763 29}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13709994\charrsid6123763 .\tab I say }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13709994\charrsid6123763 almost}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13709994\charrsid6123763  because the one }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid291642\charrsid6123763 relevant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13709994\charrsid6123763 exception is the Privy Council rule based upon nineteenth century civil appeals from India to the Privy Council.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9111468\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4938706\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13709994\charrsid6123763 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8214958\charrsid6123763 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13709994\charrsid6123763 .\tab The important que
stion here is whether the legacy of this abnormal rule in Fiji is a provision which allows open ended appeals in the Supreme Court in anything other than in civil appeals.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13709994\charrsid6123763 If there is no authority historical or contemporary that this abnormal rule has eve
r been applied by the Privy Council to criminal cases, the conclusion is that this abnormal rule is limited to civil cases.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13709994\charrsid6123763 The history of criminal appeals in the United Kingdom and in its Colonies provides another pointer.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7292936\charrsid6123763 
\par 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8214958\charrsid6123763 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7292936\charrsid6123763 .\tab The immediate background t
o this debate is that two earlier decisions of the Supreme Court of Fiji have proceeded on the basis that section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13501459\charrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2494416\charrsid6123763 8(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14759284\charrsid6123763 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2494416\charrsid6123763 
) applies to criminal cases and criminal appeals.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2494416\charrsid6123763 Were they correctly decided?}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7292936\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13196054\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2494416\charrsid6123763 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8214958\charrsid6123763 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2494416\charrsid6123763 .\tab In the nineteenth century there was no general appeal in criminal cases to the Privy Council.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2494416\charrsid6123763 Nor in the United Kingdom to the House of Lords.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2494416\charrsid6123763 For example }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2494416\charrsid6123763 Makin }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12656595\charrsid6123763 v.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2494416\charrsid6123763  The Attorney General for New South Wales}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2494416\charrsid6123763  1894 AC 57 was an appeal from the Supreme Court of New South Wales}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301933\charrsid6123763 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301933\charrsid6123763 New South Wales, at that time was an independent British Colony.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10692309\charrsid6123763 The jury had found the Defendant and his wife guilty of murder.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10692309\charrsid6123763 Four points of law were considered by the Supreme Court of New South Wales on appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10692309\charrsid6123763 One was abandoned by the defence and the other three were decided }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2773\charrsid6123763 in favour of the prosecution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2773\charrsid6123763 Prior to the substantive hearing of the appeal to the Privy Council there was an application for special leave to the Board.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2773\charrsid6123763 At this time a panel of judges granted special leave to appeal to the Board from the judgment of the Supr
eme Court because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5264744\charrsid6123763 with regard to the matters of law raised }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5264744\charrsid6123763 some of the questions raised [were] of grave and general importance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5264744\charrsid6123763 .
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4938706\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5264744\charrsid6123763 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8214958\charrsid6123763 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5264744\charrsid6123763 . \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid861279\charrsid6123763 
On the very important legal issue of similar fact evidence the Board upheld the trial judge and the view of the Supreme Court of New South Wales and dismissed Makin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid861279\charrsid6123763 s appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8214958\charrsid6123763 The Makins were executed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8214958\charrsid6123763 No one could imagine a second }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13903969\charrsid6123763 or further }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8214958\charrsid6123763 appeal to the Privy Council after the first.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8214958\charrsid6123763 Many others found guilty of murder never applied to the Privy Council }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13903969\charrsid6123763 for leave to appeal }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8214958\charrsid6123763 at all.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8214958\charrsid6123763 After an appeal to the Supreme Court of New South Wales if their sentence was not commuted they were executed in accordance with law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2494416\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11800885\charrsid6123763 
\par 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8214958\charrsid6123763 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11800885\charrsid6123763 .\tab 
Another criminal appeal, this time from Hong Kong by way of special leave to the Privy Council is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11800885\charrsid6123763 Ibrahim v. Rex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11800885\charrsid6123763  [1914] AC 599.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11800885\charrsid6123763 
The legal issue on which special leave to the Privy Council was granted was relating to the jurisdiction of the Court of trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11800885\charrsid6123763 The unit of the British Army }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4328627\charrsid6123763 in which Ibrahim was serving}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2252914\charrsid6123763  when he shot }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9641170\charrsid6123763 dead an officer was 126th Ba}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8986547\charrsid6123763 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid291642\charrsid6123763 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8986547\charrsid6123763 c
histan Infantry, Ibrahim was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16461759\charrsid6123763 
 a subject of the Ameer of Afghanistan and the place of offence was Shameen Island near the city of Canton (now called Guangzhou) in China.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16461759\charrsid6123763 Because of this jurisdictional point of law special leave was granted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16461759\charrsid6123763 The case is now important for the rules as to when an oral confession of guilt will be admitted in evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16461759\charrsid6123763 But the Board ruled against Ibrahim on the points of law raised and dismissed the appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8214958\charrsid6123763 No one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642511\charrsid6123763 
 in Hong Kong could imagine a second or further appeal to the Privy Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13903969\charrsid6123763  after the Privy Council had reached finality by dismissing Ibrahim}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13903969\charrsid6123763 s appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642511\charrsid6123763 Ibrahim was executed in accordance with law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13903969\charrsid6123763 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13903969\charrsid6123763 U}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642511\charrsid6123763 
p to 1997 when the appeal to the Privy Council ceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid936327\charrsid6123763 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13903969\charrsid6123763 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642511\charrsid6123763 riminal appeals to the Privy Council had to have special leave.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642511\charrsid6123763 
There were never second or further appeals or applications for special leave to the Privy Council after the Privy Council had rejected an appeal in a criminal case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11800885\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13196054\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13111827\charrsid6123763 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8214958\charrsid6123763 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13111827\charrsid6123763 .\tab Of the criminal cases decided in the Colonies the fact was that a minute portion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13513315\charrsid6123763 only }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13111827\charrsid6123763 were eve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13513315\charrsid6123763 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13111827\charrsid6123763  granted special leave to appeal on points of law }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13111827\charrsid6123763 of grave and general importance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13111827\charrsid6123763 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13111827\charrsid6123763 There}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007347\charrsid6123763  was no general right of criminal appeal to the Privy Council.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007347\charrsid6123763 In no criminal case that the Privy Council did hear was there ever a second application back to the Privy C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1050003\charrsid6123763 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007347\charrsid6123763 uncil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1050003\charrsid6123763  for a review of the facts and law on the basis that the earlier hearing had involved fundamental mistakes of fact or law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1050003\charrsid6123763 In other words in the few criminal cases that the Privy Council did hear}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8656673\charrsid6123763 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1050003\charrsid6123763  their hearing was attended by a strict rule of finality.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16461759\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12608460\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9463879\charrsid6123763 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12608460\charrsid6123763 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9463879\charrsid6123763 .\tab The rule of finality in criminal cases was the position in England up till 1907.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12005960\charrsid6123763 The Criminal Appeal Act of 1907 allowed a very limited appeal from the newly created Court of Criminal Appeal to the House of Lords in section 1(6)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8275168\charrsid6123763  which read}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9463879\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6123763 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10373483\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15622798\charrsid6123763 (6)\tab If in an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13507435\charrsid6123763 y case the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13513315\charrsid6123763 Director }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13507435\charrsid6123763 
of Public Prosecutions or the prosecutor or defendant obtains the certificate of the Attorney General that the decision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1146031\charrsid6123763 of the Court of Criminal Appeal}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14556106\charrsid6123763  involves a point of law of exceptional public importa
nce, and that it is desirable in the public interest that a further appeal should be brought, he may appeal from that decision to the House of Lords}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10499856\charrsid6123763 
, but subject thereto the determination by the Court of Criminal Appeal of any appeal or other matter which it has power to determine shall be final, and no appeal shall lie from that court to any other court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10373483\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1311752\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4339026\charrsid6123763 For many years the certificate of the Attorney General has been replaced in England by the obtaining of leave from either the Court of Appeal or the H
ouse of Lords on a point of law of general public importance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4339026\charrsid6123763 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10373483\charrsid6123763 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12608460\charrsid6123763 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10373483\charrsid6123763 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4208750\charrsid6123763 \tab 
In no cases where the Court of Criminal Appeal was the place of finality, was there ever a second application or appeal back to the Court of Criminal Appeal requesting or requiring a review on the basis that its earlier ruling should be overturned }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8656673\charrsid6123763 on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4208750\charrsid6123763  account of fundamental mistake of law or fact.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4208750\charrsid6123763 The same is true for the House of Lords with regard to the occasional criminal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4339026\charrsid6123763 case it heard on a point of law of exceptional public importance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10373483\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2896803\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3612588\charrsid6123763 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12608460\charrsid6123763 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2896803\charrsid6123763 .\tab Very quickly the 1907 Criminal Appeal Act in England was introduced into the Colonies.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10953391\charrsid6123763 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15610909\charrsid6123763 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10953391\charrsid6123763 cts, such as the Criminal Appeal Act of 1912 in New South Wales were all in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10953391\charrsid6123763 pari materia}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10953391\charrsid6123763  with the 1907 Act in England.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10953391\charrsid6123763 In Australia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16015761\charrsid6123763 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10953391\charrsid6123763  now that there was a Commonwealth High Court of Australia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16015761\charrsid6123763 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10953391\charrsid6123763  the very limited appeal on point of law was to that Court where in England it was to the House of Lords.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6447958\charrsid6123763 There w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5053220\charrsid6123763 ere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6447958\charrsid6123763  now no criminal appeals to the Privy Council.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6447958\charrsid6123763 However in a single state colony such as Fiji there remained the very restricted application for special leave }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5265035\charrsid6123763 to the Privy Council }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6447958\charrsid6123763 on the grounds of a point of law of grave public importance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2896803\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6123763 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9646766\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14057228\charrsid6123763 Finality of Criminal Appeals in Australia
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14057228\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12608460\charrsid6123763 39}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9646766\charrsid6123763 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7895188\charrsid6123763 The High Court of Australia heard the appeal of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7895188\charrsid6123763 Grierson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7895188\charrsid6123763  in September 1938}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12803336\charrsid6123763 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12803336\charrsid6123763 It is reported as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12803336\charrsid6123763 Grierson v. The King}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12803336\charrsid6123763  (1938) 60 CLR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12208959\charrsid6123763  41.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12208959\charrsid6123763 
The facts were that Grierson had been convicted at Quarter Sessions in New South Wales in 1932 of (1) assault with intent to rob and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12208959\charrsid6123763 (2) causing grievous bodily harm by using corrosive fluid (ammonia) on one Winnocot.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12208959\charrsid6123763 He was sentenced to ten years with hard labour on the first charge and to thirty-five years on the second charge, the sentences to be concurrent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9646766\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6123763 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12208959\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12208959\charrsid6123763 In March 1933 an appeal by Grierson against his conviction and sentences on the grounds, inter alia, that he was wrongly convicted, that the sentence
s were harsh and unconscionable, and that fresh evide}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10639778\charrsid6123763 nce }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9580717\charrsid6123763 
was available, was dismissed by the Court of Criminal Appeal, except that the sentence of thirty-five years}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9580717\charrsid6123763  imprisonment was a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7368619\charrsid6123763 ltered to a sentence of penal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5850612\charrsid6123763 servitude for life. An application by Grierson for special leave to appeal from the decision of the Court of Criminal Appeal was refused by the High Court in August 1933.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12208959\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5850612\charrsid6123763 
\par In June 1934 representation were made on behalf of Grierson to the Minister of Justice for the State of New South Wales for an inquiry under sec.475(1) of the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) on the ground that certain material facts had become known respecting}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5909086\charrsid6123763  the evidence of one of the material witnesses for the Crown at the trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5909086\charrsid6123763 The Minister replied that, having considered the fact disclosed, he would not recommend an inquiry under the section.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5909086\charrsid6123763 
In July 1937, Grierson appeared in person before the Court of Criminal Appeal in support of a further application for l
eave to appeal against his conviction and sentences, but that court upheld a preliminary objection taken by the Solicitor General that the court had no jurisdiction to entertain the application by reason of the fact that an appeal had already been maintai
ned to the court and dismissed after the merits had been determined.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5909086\charrsid6123763  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5850612\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12208959\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5909086\charrsid6123763 An application by Grierson for special leave to appeal against that decision was made to the High Court of Australia in September 1938.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12208959\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12208959\charrsid6123763 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12608460\charrsid6123763 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12208959\charrsid6123763 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11106419\charrsid6123763 It is to be noted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9071322\charrsid6123763 that the history and pattern is exactly the same in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9071322\charrsid6123763 Grierson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9071322\charrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6848169\charrsid6123763 as this court is currently dealing with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5978254\charrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940981\charrsid6123763 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6848169\charrsid6123763 
 the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6848169\charrsid6123763 Makario Anisimai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6848169\charrsid6123763 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6848169\charrsid6123763 
The matter is fully dealt with first time round by the Court of Appeal and a petition by way of special leave to the High Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10639778\charrsid6123763 of Australia is m
ade and refused.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10639778\charrsid6123763 
Then a new appeal to the Court of Criminal Appeal in New South Wales is repelled by that Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5246241\charrsid6123763 From that there is an attempt for a second time to bring a petition for special leave to the High Court of Australia.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5246241\charrsid6123763 The only difference between }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5246241\charrsid6123763 Grierson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5246241\charrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6455233\charrsid6123763 and the present case is that in the present case, the step of appealing to the Court of Appeal for a second time is not taken.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6455233\charrsid6123763 There is simply a new petition to the Supreme Court for special leave.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12208959\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4938706\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6698986\charrsid6123763 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6643348\charrsid6123763 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6698986\charrsid6123763 .\tab In the New South Wales Court of Criminal Appeal (second occasion) Chief Justice Jordan dismissed Grierson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6698986\charrsid6123763 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9580717\charrsid6123763 second appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9580717\charrsid6123763 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8130731\charrsid6123763 limine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8130731\charrsid6123763 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9580717\charrsid6123763 
He said (at pages 432-433)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6698986\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16023505\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16023505\charrsid6123763 The point which has been raised is exactly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7891223\charrsid6123763  covered by the decision \'85 in R v. Edwards [No.2], and I am of opinion that this court should follow that decision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7891223\charrsid6123763 
When an appeal has once been fully heard and disposed of, that is, in my opinion, an end of the matter so far as appeal is concerned, and the prisoner cannot continue to appeal from time to time thereafter, whenever a new p
oint occurs to him or to his legal advisers or whenever a ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8130731\charrsid6123763 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7891223\charrsid6123763 
 fact is alleged to have come to light.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7891223\charrsid6123763 
This does not mean that injustice must necessarily occur when new substantial evidence pointing to a prisoner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7891223\charrsid6123763 s innocence is discovered after his appeal has been finally disposed of.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7891223\charrsid6123763 In such a case recourse may be had to sec.26 of the Criminal Appeal Act of 1912, or to sec.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876278\charrsid6123763 
475 of the Crimes Act 1900.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876278\charrsid6123763 
There is no reason to suppose that the procedure provided by those sections is not adequate for the consideration of any matter which it may now be sought to raise on behalf of the prisoner.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876278\charrsid6123763 
For these reasons I am of the opinion that the preliminary objection taken on behalf of the Crown must be sustained, and that we must decline to entertain the present application.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16023505\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940981\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876278\charrsid6123763 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6643348\charrsid6123763 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876278\charrsid6123763 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15810706\charrsid6123763 Justice Owen Dixon (as he then was) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1842964\charrsid6123763 in the High Court of Australia }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15810706\charrsid6123763 explained why special leave must be refused at pages 435-437}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15810706\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15887443\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15887443\charrsid6123763 This is
 an application on behalf of a prisoner for special leave to appeal from a decision of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4532391\charrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15887443\charrsid6123763 Supreme Court of New South Wales sitting as a Court of Criminal Appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15887443\charrsid6123763 The court refused an applica}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7557890\charrsid6123763 tion on the part of the prisoner }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4532391\charrsid6123763 to reopen an appeal which he had brought unsuccessfully from his conviction or to give him leave to bring a fresh appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4532391\charrsid6123763 His conviction took place on 15th December 1932, and the appeal which he brought from the conviction on 10th
 March 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13443397\charrsid6123763 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4532391\charrsid6123763 3.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4532391\charrsid6123763 
The ground assigned for his application to reopen the former appeal or to permit a new one is an allegation that facts had become known concerning a material witness for the Crown which might affect the conviction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid349020\charrsid6123763 
\par 
\par The Supreme Court held, in accordance with a decision of the Supreme Court of South Australia (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid349020\charrsid6123763 R v. Edwards}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid349020\charrsid6123763  [No.2] (1) (1931) S.A.S.R. 376), that a second appeal from a conviction 
could not be entertained after the dismissal, upon the merits, of an appeal or application for leave to appeal and that the first appeal could not be reopened after a final determination.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15887443\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid349020\charrsid6123763 
\par In my opinion this conclusion is correct.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid349020\charrsid6123763 The jurisdiction is sta
tutory, and the court has no further authority to set aside a conviction upon indictment than the statute confers.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid349020\charrsid6123763 The Criminal Appeal Act of 1912 (NSW) is based upon the English Act of 1907.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid349020\charrsid6123763 It does not give a general appellate power in criminal cases exercisable on grounds and by a procedure discoverable from independent sources.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid349020\charrsid6123763 It defines the grounds, prescribes the procedure and states the duty of the court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid349020\charrsid6123763 The statute deals with criminal appeals rather as a right or benefit conferred on prisoners
 convicted of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11153412\charrsid6123763 
indictable offences and sets out the kind of convictions and sentences from which they may appeal and lays down the conditions on which they may appeal as of right and by leave and the procedure which they must }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937348\charrsid6123763 observe.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937348\charrsid6123763 
It limits the time within which appeals and applications for leave to appeal may be brought, subject, however, to a discretionary power in the court to extend the period except where the sentence is capital.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937348\charrsid6123763 The grounds or principles upon which the court is to determine appe
als are stated, and the duty imposed on the court of dismissing an appeal, unless on those principles it determines that it should be allowed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937348\charrsid6123763 The determination of an appeal is evidently definitive, and a conviction unappealed is equally final.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937348\charrsid6123763 No considerations controlling or affecting the conclusion to be deduced from these provisions are supplied by analogous civil proceedings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937348\charrsid6123763 
Appeal is not a common-law remedy, and proceedings at law are only subject to that remedy by statute (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937348\charrsid6123763 Attorney General v. Sillem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937348\charrsid6123763  (1864) 2 H & C 581, at pp.608, 609; 159 ER 242, at p.253.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937348\charrsid6123763 A second writ of error could not, it would seem, be brought upon the same record after an affirmance upon the first (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937348\charrsid6123763 Lambell v. Pretty John}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid937348\charrsid6123763  (1725) 2 Stra.690; 93 ER 786;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13385630\charrsid6123763 Horne (or Herne) v. Bushell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13385630\charrsid6123763  (1733) 2 Stra. 949; ER 961; 2 Barn. KB 253, 260, 262; 94 ER 482, 489.;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9139665\charrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9139665\charrsid6123763 Burleigh v. Harris}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15090356\charrsid6123763  (1734) 2 Stra. 975}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15090356\charrsid6123763  93 ER 978}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15090356\charrsid6123763  Winchurch v. Belwood (1692) 1 Salk 337}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15090356\charrsid6123763  91 ER 296.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid349020\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16006797\charrsid6123763 
\par In Chancery, rehearings, that is, appeals, were no longer admitted after enrolment of the decree, although an independent bill of review might be filed based upon error apparent or on facts newly discovered (Sidney Smith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16006797\charrsid6123763 s Chancery Practice, 7th ed. (1862), vol.1, p.809 et seq.).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16006797\charrsid6123763 Under the Judicature system an action may be br
ought to set aside a judgment obtained by fraud, but it is an independent proceeding equitable in its origin and nature}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9256371\charrsid6123763  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9256371\charrsid6123763 Ronald v. Harper}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9256371\charrsid6123763  (1913) VLR 311, at p.318, per Cussen J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9256371\charrsid6123763  Halsbury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9256371\charrsid6123763 s Laws of England, 2nd ed., vol.19, p.266, and the cases there collected, particularly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9256371\charrsid6123763 Jonesco v. Beard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9256371\charrsid6123763  (1930) AC 298.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894592\charrsid6123763 
But under that system no court has authority to review its own decision pronounced upon a hearing inter partes after the decision has passed into a judgment formally drawn up (In re }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894592\charrsid6123763 St. Nazaire Co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894592\charrsid6123763 . (1879) 12 Ch.D. 88}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7887254\charrsid6123763 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894592\charrsid6123763 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894592\charrsid6123763 
If the prisoner has abandoned his appeal, the Court of Criminal Appeal in England will exercise a discretion to allow him to withdraw his notice of abandonment, notwithstanding that it operates as a dismissal of the appeal (Halsbury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894592\charrsid6123763 s Laws of England, 2nd ed., vol.9, p.273, and the cases cited in note o).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894592\charrsid6123763 
But in such a case there has been no determination by the court, and there is no English case in which, after such a determination, an appeal has been reopened or a fresh appeal has been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid682880 entertained.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16006797\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894592\charrsid6123763 
\par Notwithstanding the dismissal of an appeal, the powers conferred by sec.26 of the Criminal Appeal Act of 1912 (NSW) and by sec.475 of the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) remain exercisable at the instance of the executive.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894592\charrsid6123763 
\par 
\par In my opinion the application should be refused.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894592\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894592\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12324046\charrsid6123763 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5965564\charrsid6123763 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12324046\charrsid6123763 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1260906\charrsid6123763 \tab 
Of key importance here is the fact that neither leading Counsel nor the Court consider that the Privy Council principle above referred to is worthy of any comment or explanation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5965564\charrsid6123763 There were civil appeals from the High Court of Australia to the Privy Council until around 1980.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5965564\charrsid6123763 But although the anomalous }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5965564\charrsid6123763 exceptional circumstance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5965564\charrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5965564\charrsid6123763 ru}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13850882\charrsid6123763 le was always declared to exist in civil appeals, I can find no instances where a second civil appeal to the Privy Council from the High Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9046346\charrsid6123763 of Australia }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13850882\charrsid6123763 was ever taken. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1260906\charrsid6123763 
\par 
\par 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5965564\charrsid6123763 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1260906\charrsid6123763 .\tab 
Owen Dixon J, a jurist of great authority, must be taken to have known that there was an exceptional power to rehear civil final appeals derived from the Privy Council.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1260906\charrsid6123763 But he would also have known that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3627776\charrsid6123763 , after the formati
on of the Commonwealth,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1260906\charrsid6123763  there were no criminal appeals at statute or common law to the Privy Council.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2897299\charrsid6123763 So in referring to cr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1260906\charrsid6123763 iminal appeals as creatures of statute rather than the common law, he is explaining }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid288629\charrsid6123763 
that there exists no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid991962\charrsid6123763  principle whatsoever that modifies or alters the application of finality in these circumstances.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15810706\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6381754\charrsid6123763 
\par 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3307848\charrsid6123763 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6381754\charrsid6123763 .\tab 
The Australian civil cases are clear that while there is a discretion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6301774\charrsid6123763  in civil cases to rehear final appeals the threshold which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5598260\charrsid6123763 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6301774\charrsid6123763 he would be second time petitioner must surmount is very high}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6301774\charrsid6123763  that threshold is placed high because}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7362833\charrsid6123763  of the need for finality.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7362833\charrsid6123763 Finality in this context is very influential and the chief factor in dismissing most applications.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7362833\charrsid6123763 But the difference is that in this civil law context the finality principle is not dispositive.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6381754\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11413961\charrsid6123763 
\par 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3307848\charrsid6123763 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11413961\charrsid6123763 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid356882\charrsid6123763 The Australian civil cases establish that the power of the appellate courts to reopen and review their judgments and orders is to be exercised with great caution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6968556\charrsid6123763  and with the principle of finality well in mind.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11413961\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6968556\charrsid6123763 
\par 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3307848\charrsid6123763 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6968556\charrsid6123763 .\tab The applicable principles were considered in }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6968556\charrsid6123763 Autodesk Inc v. Dyason}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6968556\charrsid6123763  (No 2) (1993) 176 CLR 300, 303 where Mason CJ said}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6968556\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6123763 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6968556\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14772144\charrsid6123763 What must emerge, in order to enliven the exercise of the jurisdiction, is that the Court has apparently proceeded according to some misapprehensio
n of the facts or the relevant law and this \'85 cannot be attributed solely to the neglect of the party seeking the rehearing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14772144\charrsid6123763 The purpose of the jurisdiction is not to provide a backdoor method by which unsuccessful litigants can seek to reargue their cases.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6968556\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6123763 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1260906\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5708709\charrsid6123763 The principles relating to individual a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1512117\charrsid6123763 ppeals were further summarized in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1512117\charrsid6123763 Smith v. NSW Bar Association}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13120701\charrsid6123763  (1992)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5708709\charrsid6123763  176 CLR 252, 265 where the High Court of Australia said}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1512117\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6123763 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5708709\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5708709\charrsid6123763 The power is discretionary and, although it exists up until the entry of judgment, it is one that is exercised having regard to the public interest in maintaining the finality of litigation.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5708709\charrsid6123763 
Thus, if reasons for judgment have been given, the power is only exercised if there is some matter calling for a review \'85 these considerations may tend against the reopening of a case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5708709\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5708709\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6961261\charrsid6123763 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3307848\charrsid6123763 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1512117\charrsid6123763 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5708709\charrsid6123763 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15860298\charrsid6123763 In my opinion the judgment of the Supreme Court in Criminal Appeal No. CAV0002 of 2006 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16018935\charrsid6123763 
 2003 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16018935\charrsid6123763 Timoci Silatolu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16018935\charrsid6123763  delivered on 17th
 October 2008 contains serious errors.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1512117\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16018935\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475712\charrsid6123763 49}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16018935\charrsid6123763 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1769850\charrsid6123763 For one thing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1769850\charrsid6123763 Regina v. Bow }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9465859\charrsid6123763 Street Magistrate ex parte Pinochet (No.2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9465859\charrsid6123763 
 (2000) 1 AC 119 was not decided on any principles related to the Privy Council powers but were a development of the common law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16018935\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12150962\charrsid6123763 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475712\charrsid6123763 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12150962\charrsid6123763 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232126\charrsid6123763 But the crucial and egregious error is the assumption through a misreading of Australia}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8144237\charrsid6123763 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232126\charrsid6123763 
 authority that these Privy Council principles ever applied to criminal cases decided under the Fiji criminal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5989442\charrsid6123763  appeal statutory framework.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12150962\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800713\charrsid6123763 
\par 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475712\charrsid6123763 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800713\charrsid6123763 .\tab 
It follows that the edifice of providing for a lawful framework for disposing of second applications for special leave in the Supreme Court after the dismissal of the first application for special leave, constructed by the Supreme Court in the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800713\charrsid6123763 Silatolu & Others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800713\charrsid6123763  judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5309113\charrsid6123763  is based on fundamental error.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5309113\charrsid6123763 It must now be discarded.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5309113\charrsid6123763 It further follows that inasmuch as the Supreme Court followed the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5309113\charrsid6123763 Timoci Silatolu}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5309113\charrsid6123763  edifice in (rightly) dis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1646234\charrsid6123763 missing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5309113\charrsid6123763  the appeals of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5309113\charrsid6123763 Eliki Mototabua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5309113\charrsid6123763 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5309113\charrsid6123763 Abhay Kumar Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5309113\charrsid6123763 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5309113\charrsid6123763 Vidali Yaba}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5309113\charrsid6123763 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5309113\charrsid6123763 Nava}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940981\charrsid6123763 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5309113\charrsid6123763  Lebob}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11940981\charrsid6123763 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5309113\charrsid6123763  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5309113\charrsid6123763 Paula Vura}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5309113\charrsid6123763  (the number of the lead case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5309113\charrsid6123763 Eliki Mototabua v. The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5309113\charrsid6123763  is Criminal Appeal No.CAV0006
 of 2006S) it was not applying correct principles.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800713\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1005068\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9184345\charrsid6123763 The Finality Principle in English Criminal Appeals
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9184345\charrsid6123763 
\par 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475712\charrsid6123763 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9184345\charrsid6123763 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4939111\charrsid6123763 If the appropriate legal conclusion is that the Privy Council principle does not apply to criminal cases}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1932045\charrsid6123763  what is the position of finality in England and how does it interact with special powers for reopening criminal appeals after final appeals in criminal cases have been dismissed}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6309511\charrsid6123763 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1932045\charrsid6123763 
In this context the long term statutory safeguard against later discovered fundamental miscarriage of justice is a reference by the executive branch of government back to the Court of Appeal sitting within its criminal jurisdiction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1932045\charrsid6123763 The judgments in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1932045\charrsid6123763 R v. Grantham}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1932045\charrsid6123763  [1969] 2 QB 574 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1932045\charrsid6123763 R v. Pinfold}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1932045\charrsid6123763  [1988]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2437746\charrsid6123763  1 QB 462 consider finality in criminal appeals and the interaction of the statutory criminal appeal framework with the statutory executive reference procedure.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482713\charrsid6123763 
A recent change substituting a single judge for the Home Secretary in the United Kingdom does not affect this argument.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9184345\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3212018\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15008676\charrsid6123763 Grantham and Pinfold
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5577639\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3503324\charrsid6123763 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475712\charrsid6123763 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3503324\charrsid6123763 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6426948\charrsid6123763 \tab In both cases defe
ndants convicted of murder who had already taken their right of appeal to its fullest extent wished to rely on an alleged change of story by a principal prosecution witness and accomplice which might exonerate them.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6426948\charrsid6123763 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3503324\charrsid6123763 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475712\charrsid6123763 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3503324\charrsid6123763 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 Grantham}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763  was a Court Martial Appeals Act case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 Almost twenty years later }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 Pinfold}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763  was decided under the Criminal Appeal Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 The legal framework is the same but the section numbers are different.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6426948\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3503324\charrsid6123763 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475712\charrsid6123763 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3503324\charrsid6123763 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 \tab Lord Lane CJ giving judgment in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 Pinfold}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763  at pages 465 and 466 referred to Widgery LJ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 s judgment in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 
Grantham}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763  as authoritative.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 The passage says}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 
Widgery L.J., giving the judgment of the court, which consisted of Lord Parker C.J., Widgery L.J., and Lawton J., dealt with a number of points which have been raised before us.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 He dealt with the
 question of the notices of abandonment, at pp.578-579, putting forward the same sort of propositions as this court has ventured to put forward a minute or two ago.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 Secondly he mentions the question of the desirability of bringing an end to the proceedings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 He said, at p.580:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 
Parliament must be presumed to be mindful of the need to make an end to proceedings and prima facie an appeal means one appeal and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 an application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763  means one application. Although section 11(2) contains some safeguard against frivo
lous applications, we do not think that repeated applications are contemplated merely because they are made at the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 s own risk.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 Then he goes on to consider the question of the Secretary of State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 s powers under, so far as we are concerned, section 17 of the Criminal Appeal Act 1968.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 He said, at p.580:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 
If section 8 [of the Courts-Martial (Appeals) Act 1968] envisages more than one appeal arising out of the same conviction, the purpose of the Secretary of State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 s powers \'85 becomes obscure, because
 it would follow that the applicant could always approach the court directly without the intervention of the Secretary of State.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 As to that, Mr Mansfield puts forward this proposition.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 He submits that it is not the applicant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 s fault that the evidence which is sought to be adduced has come to light late in the day.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 He did not know that it existed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 He suggests that to cast the applicant upon the mercy of the Secretary of State would be an injustice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 It is imposing between the applicant and the court a f
urther discretion, that of the Secretary of State, which may not be exercised in his favour and that, he submits, would be unfair.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 
\par 
\par But the final and most important part of the judgment so far as the application with regard to section 23 is concerned is to be found in almost the last paragraph of the judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 Widgery L.J., said, at p.580:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 Mr Eastham, however, takes one further point.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 
He refers us to section 28(1) of the Act, under which this court can receive fresh evidence and points out that under 
section 28(2) it is provided that where such evidence is tendered the court shall receive it if the conditions of the subsection are satisfied.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 Accordingly, he contends that where an application for leave is based on fresh evidence of an acceptable kind t
he court must have jurisdiction to hear the application, since it cannot otherwise comply with the mandatory terms of section 28(2).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 In our judgment, however, section 28 presupposes the existence of a competent appeal or application, and is concerned only with the procedure thereon.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 
\par In other words what Widgery L.J. is saying is that before section 28 \endash  which in our case is section 23 \endash  can come into operation at all, the applicant must bring himself within section 1 of the Criminal Appeal Act 1968 in our case.
\par 
\par That judgment in Reg. v. Grantham [1969] 2 Q.B. 574, although it is based upon the Courts-Martial (Appeals) Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 1968 and not upon the Criminal Appeal Act 1968, is in our judgment in effect binding upon us.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 Even if it were not strictly binding upon us, it would be of such great force as to compel us to follow it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 In any event, in the judgment of this court it is correct.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4467557\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122584\charrsid6123763 
\par 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475712\charrsid6123763 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122584\charrsid6123763 .\tab 
The closeness of these English authorities with the authoritative Australian exposition in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122584\charrsid6123763 Grierson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122584\charrsid6123763  (supra) should be noted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122584\charrsid6123763 
Both are concerned with the interaction between finality in criminal appeals and the statutory remedy for suspected long standing fundamental miscarriage of justice by means of discretionary executive references to the Court of Appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122584\charrsid6123763 In Australia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7800260\charrsid6123763  there is the trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7800260\charrsid6123763 The first appeal is to the state Supreme Court and the second and final tier of appeal is to the (Federal) High Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7895069\charrsid6123763 of Australia if leave to appeal is granted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7895069\charrsid6123763 In England there is the trial with a first tier appeal to the Court of Appeal and a second tier with special leave to the House of Lords.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7895069\charrsid6123763 It is the same in both except for the State/Federal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid936327\charrsid6123763 overlay }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7895069\charrsid6123763 in Australia.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7895069\charrsid6123763 In both countries when appeals are exhausted finality means that there is no jurisdiction for further proceedings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122584\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16194074\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16194074\charrsid6123763 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870637\charrsid6123763 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16194074\charrsid6123763 tatutory }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870637\charrsid6123763 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16194074\charrsid6123763 iscretionary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870637\charrsid6123763 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16194074\charrsid6123763 eferral by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870637\charrsid6123763 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16194074\charrsid6123763 xecutive to the Court of Appeal
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870637\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16194074\charrsid6123763 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475712\charrsid6123763 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16194074\charrsid6123763 .\tab  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3871408\charrsid6123763 
The provision in the United Kingdom which keeps the door open indefinitely for the retrying of criminal cases is the statutory procedure which allows for the Secretary of 
State to refer appeal cases or appeal issues to the Court of Appeal without limit of time.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3871408\charrsid6123763 The Secretary of State only uses this power where there is cogent or overwhelming evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7895069\charrsid6123763 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3871408\charrsid6123763  usually not available at trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7895069\charrsid6123763 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3871408\charrsid6123763  which shows that the criminal trial courts and appeal courts may have proceeded on a fundamental error of fact or law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3871408\charrsid6123763 One instance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10624978\charrsid6123763 
 is where science can provide near certain facts and answers from tests and technologies not available at the time of the trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10624978\charrsid6123763 This is assisted if there has been retention of body samples used in the original trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10624978\charrsid6123763 Another situation is where a later investigation shows that the crime allegedly committed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3343174\charrsid6123763 by the appellant was without doubt committed by another person and that the appellant was not involved.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16194074\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870637\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6961261\charrsid6123763 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475712\charrsid6123763 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6636450\charrsid6123763 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14961155\charrsid6123763 In Fiji legislation based upon the Home Secretary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14961155\charrsid6123763 s reference power was brought to Fiji.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14961155\charrsid6123763 The same rules should apply to it as in England.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14961155\charrsid6123763 However it is concealed together with Prerogative of Mercy powers in section 38 of the Court of Appeal Act.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14961155\charrsid6123763 I refer to the power contained in section 38(a).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6636450\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870637\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475712\charrsid6123763 59}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14961155\charrsid6123763 .\tab Section 38 says}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14961155\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6123763 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14961155\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14961155\charrsid6123763 Nothing in this Act shall affect the prerogative of mercy, but the Governor-General in considering the exercise of such prerogative with reference to the conviction of a person by or in the
 High Court or to the sentence (other than sentence of death) passed on a person so convicted, whether or not the person convicted has petitioned in that behalf, may, if he thinks fit, at any time either }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7155862\charrsid6123763 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14961155\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1440\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid467817\charrsid6123763 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7155862\charrsid6123763 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar
\tx1440\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7155862\charrsid6123763 refer the whole case to the Court of Appeal and 
the case shall then be heard and determined by the Court of Appeal as in the case of an appeal by the person convicted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15008676\charrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7155862\charrsid6123763 or
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1440\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11828678\charrsid6123763 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11828678\charrsid6123763 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar
\tx1440\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11828678\charrsid6123763 
if he desires the assistance of the Court of Appeal on any point arising in the case, refer that point to the Court of Appeal for t
heir opinion, thereon, and the Court shall consider the point so referred and furnish the Governor-General with their opinion thereon accordingly.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7155862\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6123763 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14961155\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6123763 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11828678\charrsid6123763 In my opinion it is clear that for }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11828678\charrsid6123763 Governor General}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11828678\charrsid6123763  we should no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4461416\charrsid6123763 w}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11828678\charrsid6123763  read }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11828678\charrsid6123763 the President \tab of Fiji}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11828678\charrsid6123763 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11819424\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid682880 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3871408\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid134939\charrsid6123763 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475712\charrsid6123763 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9454496\charrsid6123763 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2845630\charrsid6123763 Since Fiji has a t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7895069\charrsid6123763 wo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2845630\charrsid6123763  tier system of criminal appeals}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid682880 , should the President refer a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2845630\charrsid6123763 criminal case back }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13635400\charrsid6123763 to the Court of Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12615441\charrsid6123763 there would then be triggered a right to petition the Supreme Court.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12615441\charrsid6123763 Since there are now appeals from acquittals as well as convict
ions in criminal cases in Fiji, there is jurisdiction for both sides to appeal within the three tier system.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12615441\charrsid6123763 Since the President is only likely to refer cases under section 38(1) to the Court of Appeal where there is consensus between the prosecution and the defence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1838656\charrsid6123763  that something new and fundamental has arisen, there is in such cases little likelihood of the prosecution appealing an acquittal after such a reference.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9454496\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12720211 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid467817\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1066967\charrsid6123763 The position }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1383756\charrsid6123763 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1066967\charrsid6123763 f criminal appeals in Fiji before and after the replacement of the Privy Council by the Supreme Court of Fiji}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1066967\charrsid6123763 
\par 
\par 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475712\charrsid6123763 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1066967\charrsid6123763 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8743567\charrsid6123763 Up until 1988 there was a limited right of criminal appeal from decisions of the Court of Appeal of Fiji sitting in its criminal jurisdiction to the Privy Council.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8743567\charrsid6123763 As from the rest of the colonies or former colonie
s, the number of criminal cases raising points of law of public importance which resulted in special leave and substantive hearing in the Privy Council were a minute proportion of the whole.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8743567\charrsid6123763 There never was an attempt at a second hearing before the Privy Council in a Fiji criminal appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8743567\charrsid6123763 As noted above, there were neither attempts far less any acceptance }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16277125\charrsid6123763 of a power to rehear substantive criminal appeals in the Privy Council from any of the Colonies or former Colonies.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1066967\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16277125\charrsid6123763 
\par 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475712\charrsid6123763 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16277125\charrsid6123763 .\tab The flow of civil cases to the 
Privy Council did not depend on special leave on points of law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16277125\charrsid6123763 If litigants }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8663581\charrsid6123763 in civil cases }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16277125\charrsid6123763 
had the resources they would take their cases to the Privy Council.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16277125\charrsid6123763 The fact}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8941225\charrsid6123763  that there was no barrier in civil cases provided a situation where the abnormal rule of second or further }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8941225\charrsid6123763 final appeals}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8941225\charrsid6123763  in civil cases might be accepted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8941225\charrsid6123763 The Indian cases involved native rulers and power conspiracies to deprive heirs of their inheritance, their rights and their power.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8941225\charrsid6123763 When dynastic circumstances changed, the fact that an earlier }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8941225\charrsid6123763 final}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8941225\charrsid6123763  civil judgment relied on lies and conspiracies persuaded }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid811195\charrsid6123763 
the Privy Council to allow rehearings in civil cases after the normal point of finality had been reached.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid811195\charrsid6123763 Practically everything relating to its practice in hearing criminal appeals made it impossible for the Privy Council to even contemplate such a rule in criminal appeals.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16277125\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475712\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12790632\charrsid6123763 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475712\charrsid6123763 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12790632\charrsid6123763 .\tab After 1988 and the severing of the link with the Privy Council, legislative reform rearranged the Courts in Fiji and the new three tier }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616861\charrsid6123763 trial and appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12790632\charrsid6123763 
system consisted of the High Court, the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court as the new court of final appeal was called.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12790632\charrsid6123763 Unlike civil appeals that are as of right}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8393256\charrsid6123763 
 to the Court of Appeal criminal appeals require leave to advance to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4273403\charrsid6123763 Court of Appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255071\charrsid6123763 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4273403\charrsid6123763 hile the appeal }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3024346\charrsid6123763 to the Supreme Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4273403\charrsid6123763 
has to be by way of petition in both civil and criminal cases, there is a right to apply for leave and have the issues both on leave and on the substantive case argued before the Supreme Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897699\charrsid6123763 There are no special le
ave hearings as a separate preliminary hearing in criminal cases as there was before the Privy Council.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897699\charrsid6123763 So even if the Supreme Court refuses leave in a criminal case it considers in its judgments the substantive issues.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12790632\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12985261\charrsid6123763 
\par 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475712\charrsid6123763 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12985261\charrsid6123763 .\tab In no case has the Supreme Cou
rt of Fiji ever decided on a second or further occasion to review its earlier judgment or rulings in a criminal case.
\par 
\par 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475712\charrsid6123763 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12985261\charrsid6123763 .\tab 
There has been a wrong turning in ever deciding that section 8(5) could in an appropriate case apply to validate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14710154\charrsid6123763  a second or further final criminal appeal}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid79960\charrsid6123763  in the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14710154\charrsid6123763 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616861\charrsid6123763 
To put matters right is a decision in each such second or further appeal to the Supreme Court that the Supreme Court has no jurisdiction to entertain a second or further appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12985261\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3570362\charrsid6123763 
\par 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475712\charrsid6123763 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3570362\charrsid6123763 .\tab Unfortunately the Supreme Court Act 1998 does not }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616861\charrsid6123763 include power}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3570362\charrsid6123763 
 for a Single Judge to finally dismiss a criminal appeal where}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15221367\charrsid6123763  there is no jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3570362\charrsid6123763 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3570362\charrsid6123763 
In the Court of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5453937\charrsid6123763  Act section 35(2) provides this power.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5453937\charrsid6123763 In view of the trend to bring second or further criminal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16283438\charrsid6123763  appeals now identified as }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15039676\charrsid6123763 being beyond jurisdiction and therefore an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16283438\charrsid6123763 
abuse of process, it would seem be a necessary power to include in the Supreme Court Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3570362\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid216057\charrsid6123763 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475712\charrsid6123763 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid216057\charrsid6123763 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9982631\charrsid6123763 Until that is done it is for a Supreme Court of three judges to dismiss the petitions as }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15039676\charrsid6123763 being beyond jurisdiction and therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9982631\charrsid6123763 
an abuse of process because the time of finality in the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9982631\charrsid6123763 
s criminal litigation has already come and gone.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9982631\charrsid6123763 
Following this judgment even if a three man court has to do it all that is required is a recounting of the previous proceedings and a simple statement that the second or further petition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13510379\charrsid6123763 being beyond jurisdiction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9982631\charrsid6123763 is an abuse of process because the time for finality has come and gone.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid216057\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6979203\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6961261\charrsid6123763 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475712\charrsid6123763 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6979203\charrsid6123763 .\tab It is important to note that as the rule of law develops there is an increasing need for a mechanism to review criminal convictions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6979203\charrsid6123763 In many countries there are campaigns to avoid serious miscarriages of justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6979203\charrsid6123763 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6979203\charrsid6123763 new evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6979203\charrsid6123763  may be worthless in some cases}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6979203\charrsid6123763  in other cases new scientific or contact evidence may provide a strong prima facie case of wrongful conviction or acquittal.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12202766\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475712\charrsid6123763 69}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1650411\charrsid6123763 .\tab In paragraphs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9448608\charrsid6123763 59}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1650411\charrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7089609\charrsid6123763 
and 60 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1650411\charrsid6123763 above I have described the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9514213\charrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1650411\charrsid6123763 device of executive direction used in the United Kingdom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1650411\charrsid6123763 s Home Secretary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1650411\charrsid6123763 
s reference procedure and its Australian equivalents.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1650411\charrsid6123763 I have note
d that it applies in Fiji.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1650411\charrsid6123763 
As a legal mechanism for dealing with the real problem of real or imaginary later discovere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4399824\charrsid6123763 d }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4399824\charrsid6123763 miscarriages of justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4399824\charrsid6123763  it is much preferable to a rule that the final court of appeal can revisit its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4399824\charrsid6123763 final}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4399824\charrsid6123763  decision on a second or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14706102\charrsid6123763 further occasion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14706102\charrsid6123763 Its great virtue is that it does not interfere with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14706102\charrsid6123763 finality}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14706102\charrsid6123763  in the hearing of criminal cases while meeting legitimate social needs in civil society.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1650411\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475712\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13042450\charrsid6123763 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475712\charrsid6123763 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14706102\charrsid6123763 .\tab In my opinion the orders of this Court should be that the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14706102\charrsid6123763 Makario Anisimai}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14706102\charrsid6123763  the application should be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15283295\charrsid6123763 dismissed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4292429\charrsid6123763 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13042450\charrsid6123763 limine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13042450\charrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12202766\charrsid6123763 on the ground of lack of jurisdiction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1579908\charrsid6123763 and therefore abuse of process }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15474346\charrsid6123763 since }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4292429\charrsid6123763 the point of finality in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1797923\charrsid6123763 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4292429\charrsid6123763 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1797923\charrsid6123763 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4292429\charrsid6123763 
 case has long }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13121177\charrsid6123763 come and gone.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16277125\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13111599\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12202766\charrsid6123763 Justice Paul Madigan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13121177\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12202766\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12202766\charrsid6123763 71.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4268576\charrsid6123763 I agree}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2950625\charrsid6123763  with the judgment of Justice William Marshall.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12202766\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11012293\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13121177\charrsid6123763 Anthony Gates, President}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12720211 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13121177\charrsid6123763 O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid467817\charrsid6123763 RDER OF THE COURT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13121177\charrsid12720211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475712\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13121177\charrsid6123763 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475712\charrsid6123763 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13121177\charrsid6123763 .\tab The order of the court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1331913\charrsid6123763 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123763 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13121177\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi11\li709\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid12720211 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13121177\charrsid6123763 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399596 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \fi11\li709\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid12720211 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399596  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15218727\charrsid6123763 That on the ground of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14949879\charrsid6123763  lack of jurisdiction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13111599\charrsid6123763 and therefore abuse of process }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15218727\charrsid6123763 
the petition of Makario Anisimai in Criminal Appeal No. CAV 0006 of 2008S be dismissed and special leave to appeal be refused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13976503\charrsid6123763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13976503\charrsid6123763 in limine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15218727\charrsid6123763 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1779997\charrsid6123763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12720211 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid467817\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15283425\charrsid6123763 Hon. Chief Justice Anthony Gates
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15283425\charrsid6123763 President of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6123763 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8068852\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15283425\charrsid6123763 Hon. Justice William Marshall
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15283425\charrsid6123763 Justice of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1648308\charrsid6123763 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15283425\charrsid6123763 Supreme Court
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6911850\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4268576\charrsid6123763 Hon. Justice Paul Madigan 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4268576\charrsid6123763 Justice of the Supreme Court
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10037973\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10037973\charrsid6123763 Solicitors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4268576\charrsid6123763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10037973\charrsid6123763 Petitioner in Person
\par Office of the Director of Public Prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11880127\charrsid6123763 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10037973\charrsid6123763  for the Respondent

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