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\par }}{\*\ftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7238016 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1536163 \chftnsepc 
\par }}{\*\aftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7238016 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1536163 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\aftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7238016 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1536163 \chftnsepc 
\par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\psz9\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid11617529\sftnbj {\footerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8279401  PAGE   \\* MERGEFORMAT }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6565518 1}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7497125 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s27\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7238016 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7238016 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1097 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid6565518 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI 
\par AT SUVA 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid5858478\charrsid6565518 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6565518 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid6565518 Civil Appeal No. CBV 0006 of 2008\line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\insrsid2375830\charrsid6565518 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid6565518 On Appeal from Fiji Court of Appeal
\par Civil Appeal No. ABU 0084 OF 2006}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\insrsid2375830\charrsid6565518 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid6565518 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li4820\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4820\itap0\pararsid7238016 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7238016 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\ul\insrsid5858478 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\ul\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 BETWEEN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid6565518 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid4998476 THE PERMANENT SECRETARY FOR HEALTH
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6565518 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 and
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6565518\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid4998476 THE ATTORNEY GENERAL }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\insrsid15472376\charrsid4998476 OF}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid4998476  FIJI }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid4998476 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid6565518 PETITIONER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\insrsid6565518\charrsid6565518 S
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid6565518 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid6565518 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid6565518 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid4998476 ARVIND KUMAR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  (father\rquote s name: Deo Prasad) and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid6565518 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6565518 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1097 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid4998476 KAMNI DEVI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  (father\rquote s name: Appalsami)
\par both of 212 Vomo Street, Lautoka as parents and next to friend }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid2375830 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 of  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid4998476 JASHNIL KUMAR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  (father\rquote 
s name: Arvind Kumar) an infant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\ul\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 RESPONDENTS
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7238016 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\ul\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 Coram}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 \tab :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 \tab The Hon Justice SaleemMarsoof, Judge of the Supreme Court\line \tab \tab \tab 
The Hon Justice SathyaaHettige, Judge of Supreme Court\line \tab \tab \tab The Hon Justice William Calanchini, Judge of Supreme Court
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sbauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7238016 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1097 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\ul\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 Date of Hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 \tab Monday, 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\super\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  October 2011, Suva\line \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\ul\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 Counsel}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 \tab \tab Mr. S. Sharma with Ms. R. Pranjivan for Petitioners\line \tab \tab \tab Mr. S. Maharaj for Respondents
\line \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\ul\insrsid7238016\charrsid2375830 Date of Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid13378623 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\super\insrsid13378623\charrsid13378623 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid13378623  M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
ay 2012, Suva
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6565518 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\cf1\insrsid5858478 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\cf1\insrsid7238016 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\cf1\insrsid9459487 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid5858478 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1097 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid5858478 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
[1]  The Petitioners have sought special leave to appeal from the Judgment of the Court of Appeal of Fiji dated 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\super\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  June 2008 (Byrne, JA Shameem, JA and Scutt, JA), which partly allowed the Petitioner\rquote s appeal against the decision of the High Court at Suva dated 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\super\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  July 2006 (Pathik, J) holding that the  Petitioners are liable in damages for the loss sustained by the Respondents, Ja
shnil Kumar, an infant, and his parents, due to the negligence of the Petitioners, which led to the said infant totally losing the sight of both eyes. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7497125 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
[2] Jashnil was born prematurely with a birth weight of 1.52 kilograms, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
at Lautoka Hospital on 21 January 1996, and was kept in an incubator in the Premature-Birth Nursery in the Maternity Ward of the hospital for 3 weeks, and thereafter for another week in the Maternity Ward of the said hospital, before being discharged. 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7497125 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 [3
]  It is not in dispute that during the period Jas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15472376 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
nil was kept in the incubator, he was given supplemental oxygen, in accordance with standard procedure.  Due mainly to the Petitioners\rquote  failure to produce in court the medical folder relating to Jas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15472376 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 nil, t
here was no evidence placed before the High Court regarding the amount of oxygen that was administered. However, there was overwhelming expert testimony to the effect that as a result of over-doses of oxygen, a premature baby was likely to develop a condi
tion called retinopathy of prematurity, and the High Court concluded, after a lengthy trial, that it was the failure on the part of the Petitioners to monitor the level of oxygen that was administered while Jas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15472376 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 nil was in the incubator that caused Jas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15472376 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 nil to develop this condition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13637255 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  which ultimately deprived him of his eyesight.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7497125 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
[4] On the basis of its finding that Appellants had been negligent in all the circumstances of the case, the High Court awarded to the Respondents the sum of $458,735.00 along with interest, as damages. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13637255 It appears f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 rom the judgment of the High Court dated 20th July 2006 that in }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 arriving at the aforesaid sum,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
the High Court broke down the loss sustained by the Respondents into the following heads:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\alang1097 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 \hich\af37\dbch\af0\loch\f37 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx720\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 Special damages:\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab $755.00
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\alang1097 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 \hich\af37\dbch\af0\loch\f37 2.\tab}General damages for pain, suffering and loss of amenities: \tab 
            $190,000.00
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\alang1097 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 \hich\af37\dbch\af0\loch\f37 3.\tab}Loss of earning capacity: \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
$78,000.00
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\alang1097 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 \hich\af37\dbch\af0\loch\f37 4.\tab}Economic loss (past & future care) \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
$160,000.00
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\alang1097 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 \hich\af37\dbch\af0\loch\f37 5.\tab}Costs:\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab $30,000.00

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 Total (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 excluding interest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 ): \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 $458,755.00}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\widctlpar\tx142\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid4998476 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx142\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid14695714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 [5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\insrsid7697588\charrsid12337684 ] Before}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
 the Court of Appeal, the Petitioners did not seek to challenge the finding of the High Court that they were liable in negligence. The Petitioners only sought to challenge the quantum of damages awarded by the High Court, as being excessive, disproportion
ate and inconsistent with similar awards made in Fiji. In response to the Petitioner\rquote s appeal, the Respondent also filed a Notice of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid13637255 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 ross}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid13637255  A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 ppeal in the Court of Appeal. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7497125 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 [6]   In its judgment dated 20}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\super\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  June 2008, the Court of Appeal did not vary the amount awarded by the High Court to Jas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid15472376 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 nil\rquote s parents, nor do the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
Petitioners seek special leave to appeal from this Court with respect to the amounts so awarded }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 to Jas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid15472376 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 nil\rquote s parents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  as special damages. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 However, with respect to damages for pain and suffering, and for the loss of earning capacity and economic loss, the Court of Appeal varied the damages awarded by the High Court in the following manner:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid13378623\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-284\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
(a) Under the head of damages for pain and suffering and loss of amenities, the Court of Appeal dismissed the Petitioners\rquote  appeal and allowed the Respondents\rquote 
 cross appeal, and increased the award of the High Court from $190,000.00 to $220,000.00. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-284\li1418\ri0\widctlpar\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid13378623 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-284\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
(b) Under the head of loss of earning capacity, the Court of Appeal dismissed the Petitioners\rquote  appeal and the Respondents\rquote  cross-appeal and upheld the award of the High Court in the sum of $78,000.00.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-284\li1418\ri0\widctlpar\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid13378623 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-284\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
(c) Under the head of economic loss, the Court of Appeal allowed the petitioners\rquote  appeal and reduced the amount awarded by the High Court from $160,000.00 to $118,000.00. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-284\li1418\ri0\widctlpar\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid13378623 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-284\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
(d) Under the head of costs, the Court of Appeal partially allowed the Petitioners\rquote  appeal and quashed the award of the High Court of $30,000.00 as costs, and in lieu thereof ordered that the Respondents\rquote  costs be taxed, if not agreed. 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid13378623 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 [7] The Petitioners\rquote 
 application for special leave to appeal is in fact limited to the decision of the Court of Appeal relati}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid13637255 ng }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid13637255 its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 award of general damages for pain and suffering and loss of amenities, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid13637255 wherein}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  the Court of Appeal dismissed the Petitioner\rquote s appeal against the award made by the High Court under this head, and allowing the Respondents\rquote 
 cross-appeal, increased the amount awarded by the Hig
h Court from $190,000.00 to $220,000.00. The Petitioners have specifically prayed that the award with respect to pain and suffering and loss of amenities of life be reduced to $90,000.00 as a proportionate and consistent award.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7497125 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 [8]   The principal grounds
 on which the Petitioners seek special leave to appeal from this Court, as set out in paragraph 6 of the Petition filed in this Court, are:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid13637255\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-284\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid10029458\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
(a) The Court of Appeal failed to apply and adopt a long line of judicial decisions in Fiji, in which awards under the head of general damages for pain and suffering and loss of amenities had been made in accordance with the socio-economic conditions in F
iji. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-284\li1418\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1295\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid10029458\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-284\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1295\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid10029458\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 (b) }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid10029458 
The Court of Appeal erred in law and in fact in holding that awards for general damages for pain and suffering and loss of amenities must be same as that in other developed countries, without any investigation of factors influencing awards in oth
er countries. 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-284\li1418\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid10029458 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid10029458 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-284\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1295\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid10029458\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1097 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid10029458 (c) The Court of Appeal erred in law and in fact in failing to make an award}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  that is reasonably proportionate, and consistent with amounts usually awarded in Fiji for personal injuries of a similar nature (loss of eye-sight)
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-284\li1418\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid10029458 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-284\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1295\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid10029458\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1097 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
(d)The Court of Appeal erred in law and in fact in making an award for pain and suffering that is grossly disproportionate to the current prevailing awards in Fiji, and substantially increasing the awards payable under the head of pain and suffering and l
oss of amenities. 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10029458 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10029458 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 Special Leave to Appeal
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
[9]  Mr. S. Sharma, who appears for the Petitioners, sought to support his application for special leave to appeal on the basis that the decision of the Court of Appeal from which special leave to appeal is sough
t, raised far reaching questions of law in the assessment of damages in all fatal or personal injury claims for pain, suffering and loss of amenities. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
[10] It was stressed by Mr. Sharma that the Court of Appeal had in the instant case departed from a long line of judicial decisions at all tiers of the Fiji judiciary which had awarded damages in personal injury cases for pain, suffering and loss of ameni
ties in accord with social and economic conditions prevailing in Fiji. He submitted that in its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid15498332 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
, the Court of Appeal had altogether abandoned the approach hitherto followed by the courts in awarding damages, and particularly took objection to the view of the Court of Appeal that a court cannot distinguish between an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
under-privileged litigant and a wealthy, or socially important litigant, when computing compensation for personal injury (paragraph 16), and the same holds good as between a litigant from an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 \lquote under-developed\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 \lquote undeveloped\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
 country and a litigant from a more developed country (paragraph 17). 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
[11] Mr. Sharma submitted that the Court of Appeal had erred in law when it suggested that the award for general damages under the head pain, suf
fering and loss of amenities should be the same as in developed countries, without any investigation of factors influencing awards in other countries. He stressed that the award was grossly disproportionate to the amounts usually awarded in Fiji for perso
nal injuries of a similar nature (loss of eye-sight), and that it in the circumstances, special leave to appeal should be granted against the decision of the Court of Appeal. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1295\tx5529\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid10029458\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1097 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 [12]The Respondents have sought to resist the application of the Petitioners for
 special leave to appeal principally on the basis that the variation made by the Court of Appeal of the quantum of damages awarded by the High Court for pain and suffering and loss of amenities amounted to a mere increase of $30,000 to the amount awarded 
b
y the High Court, which was for $190,000.00. The Respondents contended that the said variation was made on the basis of the special facts of the case, and it did not give rise to any far reaching question of law or matter of great general or public import
ance.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1295\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid10029458\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid10029458 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
[13] Mr. Maharaj has submitted on behalf of the Respondents that the increase of the quantum of general damages awarded by the High Court by a mere $30,000.00 on a finding of fact in the context of the special fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\insrsid5442886 ual }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 circumstances of the case, doe
s not give rise to any far reaching question of law, or a matter of great general or public importance, there being no matter of substantial general interest to the administration of civil justice pleaded in the petition. 
\par 
\par [14] He has invited our attention, in particular to, paragraph 34 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid15498332 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
 of the Court of Appeal to show that the decision of that court was made solely on the basis of the special facts of the case, and that no far reaching question of law or matter of great general or public im
portance is involved. In that paragraph, the Court of Appeal stressed that $220,000 is \'93not an exorbitant amount to compensate Jashnil as much as money can, for the terrible injury he suffered at the hands of the Appellants.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-284\li284\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx284\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 [15] In the context of the qu
estion whether special leave to appeal ought to be granted in the circumstances of this case, it is useful to note that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
he requirements for a grant of special leave were settled by the Privy Council in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 Daily Telegraph Newspaper Company Limited v McLaughlin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 {\*\bkmkstart _ftnref21}[1904] AC 776, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 {\*\bkmkend _ftnref21}
which was the first case involving an application for special leave to appeal from a decision of the High Court of Australia to be decided by it. Lord Macnaghten, at page 779 of his judgment, after observing that the same principles should 
apply as they did for an appeal from the Supreme Court of Canada, referred to the case of\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 Prince v Gagnon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
{\*\bkmkstart _ftnref22} [1882\endash  83] 8 AC 103{\*\bkmkend _ftnref22}, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 in which it was stated that appeals would not be admitted-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par "save where the case is of gravity involving a matter of public interest, or some important question of law, or affecting property of considerable amount, or where the case is otherwise of some public importance or of a very substantial character."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
[16] As noted by Lord Macnaughten at pages 778 to 779, even in such cases special leave would be refused if what is canvassed is the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
decision on the facts of a particular case, where the  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
 judgment sought to be appealed from was plainly right, or not attended with sufficient doubt to justify the grant of special leave. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 [17
] It is pertinent to note that Section 7(3) of the Supreme Court Act No. 14 of 1998, echo to a very great extent the criteria for the grant of special leave to appeal that were settled by the Privy Council in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 Daily Telegraph Newspaper Company Limited v McLaughlin. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 It is provided in that section that -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 \'93
In relation to a civil matter (including a matter involving a constitutional question), the Supreme Court must not grant special leave to appeal unless the case raises-
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 \hich\af37\dbch\af0\loch\f37 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-284\li993\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 a far reaching question of law;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 \hich\af37\dbch\af0\loch\f37 (b)\tab}a matter of great general or public importance;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 \hich\af37\dbch\af0\loch\f37 (c)\tab}
a matter that is otherwise of substantial general interest to the administration of civil justice. \'94\tab 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
[18] These criteria have been examined and applied by the Supreme Court of Fiji in decisions such as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 Bulu v Housing Authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  [2005] FJSC 1 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 CBV0011.2004S (8 April 2005), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
Dr. Ganesh Chand v Fiji Times Ltd.,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid12353427\charrsid12353427  CBV0005 of 2009 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid12353427 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
31}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\super\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  March 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid2366466 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 ) and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 Praveen\rquote s BP Service Station Ltd., v Fiji Gas Ltd.,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid12353427\charrsid12353427 
CBV0018 OF 2008}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\super\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 th}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  April 2011), and it is clear from these decisions that special leave to appeal is not granted as a matter of course, and that for the grant of special leave, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 case has to be one of gravity involving a matter of public interest, or some important questi
on of law, or affecting property of considerable amount or where the case is otherwise of some public importance or of a very substantial character. Even so special leave would be refused if the judgment sought to be appealed from was plainly right, or no
t attended with sufficient doubt to justify the grant of special leave. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
[19] Having carefully examined the principal grounds urged by the Petitioners for the grant of special leave to appeal, in the light of the evidence and the submissions made by learne
d Counsel, we are of the opinion that ground (a) on the basis of which special leave has been sought, need not engage the attention of this Court any further as we find that the Court of Appeal has in paragraph 20 of its judgment agreed that  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 there should 
be consistency in the level of general damages awarded in similar cases, which is a point conceded by both Counsel in the course of their submissions before us. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
[20] Nor do we find any justification for granting special leave to appeal on grounds (c) and
 (d) urged before us, as they simply seek to re-agitate factual issues that have been considered and dealt with by the lower courts, and they do not satisfy the criteria laid down in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 Section 7(3) of the Supreme Court Act No. 14 of 1998}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11405483 . These grounds}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  do no
t raise any far reaching question of law or raise any matter of great general or public importance, or is otherwise of substantial general interest to the administration of civil justice.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li426\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid3827512 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
[21] We are, however, inclined to grant special leave to appeal on the basis of ground (b) urged before us, which specifically raises the question whether the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
Court of Appeal erred in law and in fact in holding that awards for general damages for pain and 
suffering and loss of amenities must be same as that in other developed countries, without any investigation of factors influencing awards in other countries. We consider that this ground raise not only a far reaching}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  question of law, but also involve a matter of great general or public importance. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid3827512 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid3827512 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 [22] }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 We are not impressed by the submission of Mr. Ma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid4554260\charrsid12337684 haraj}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  that the variation made by the Court of Appeal of the quantum of damages awarded by the High Court for pain and suffering and loss of amenities amounte
d to a mere increase of $30,000.00 to the amount awarded by the High Court, as what the Petitioners are contending for is that consistently with the awards previously made by the courts in Fiji Islands, the award could not have been more than $90,000.00, 
a
nd in fact have prayed that the damages awarded under this head should be confined to that figure. If the Petitioners succeed on this appeal, they could have the damages quantified by the Court of Appeal reduced substantially from $220,000.00 to $90,000.0
0. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li426\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid3827512 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid3827512 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
[23] Accordingly, special leave to appeal is refused on the basis of grounds (a), (c) and (d) urged before us, and we grant special leave to appeal to the Petitioner only on the question set out as ground (b), which is formulated as follows:-   
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid3827512 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li1134\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid3827512 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 \tab 
\'93Did the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
Court of Appeal err in law and in fact in holding that awards for general damages for pain and suffering and loss of amenities must be same as that in other developed countries, without any investigation of factors influencing awards in other countries?
\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li426\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx426\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid3827512 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li426\ri0\widctlpar\tx426\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 Relevance of Awards of Developed Countries 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li1134\ri0\widctlpar\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
[24]Learned Counsel for the Petitioners and the Respondents agreed at the commencement of the hearing of this application for special leave to appeal that pursuant to the practice generally followed by this Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\insrsid9372667 any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  question or questions on which special
 leave to appeal is eventually granted may be disposed of on the basis of the submissions made by them at the hearing for special leave. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li426\ri0\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid10029458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid3827512 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
[25] The question arsing on this appeal is whether the Court of Appeal fell into error in law and in fact in holding 
that awards for general damages for pain and suffering and loss of amenities must be same as that in other developed countries, without any investigation of factors influencing awards in other countries, and increasing the damages awarded by the High Cour
t under this head from $190,000.00 to $220,000.00, in the face of the Petitioners\rquote  contention that consistently with awards already made by the courts in the Fiji Islands, it should not be more than $90,000.00.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid3827512 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid3827512 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
[26] Mr. Sharma has, on behalf of the Petitio
ners, argued with great force that the High Court and the Court of Appeal have erred in taking into consideration the higher quantum of awards made in more developed countries in person injury cases, and in particular overlooked the time honoured principl
e
 that foreign awards can be taken into account for purposes of computing the amount of award to be made in a particular case only if the relevant socio-economic conditions are similar to those prevailing in the Fiji Islands. Mr Sharma has stressed that th
e failure of the High Court and the Court of Appeal to keep in mind this fundamental principle of assessment of damages, has resulted in disproportionately high and unreasonable awards being made in this case.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid2966569 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 [27]}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  It is in this context, noteworthy that the High Court had, in the course of its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15498332 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 , stressed that pain and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 suffering is not measurable by any absolute standard and it is not easy, if indeed possible other than in the most general way, to compare the degree of pain and suffering experienced 
by different people. The Court in fact enumerated, in some detail, the main factors that were taken into account in arriving at the figure of $190,000.00 as damages for the pain and suffering and loss of amenities suffered by Jas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af37 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid15472376 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 nil almost immediately after}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid4554260\charrsid12337684  his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af37 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  birth, while he was being kept in the incubator. These included the factors such as having to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
depend on others for support, care and assistance, the inability to take part in daily chores of life, inability to do any sports or indulging in many 
hobbies, limitations in employment opportunities, prospects of marriage, and indeed loss of many facets of life, all of which had to be endured possibly throughout his life time. The High Court summarised it by saying that Jas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid15472376 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 nil will not be able to do all those things which a person with eye sight can do.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid3098377 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid2375830 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid2966569 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
[28] The High Court did not allude, in the course of its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid15498332 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
, to any previous decision of a Fijian or other court that dealt with the quantum of damages for pain and suffering and loss of amenities
 of life by way of a comparative award for total loss of the sight of both eyes, but it did make reference to the Fijian decision of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 Rokodovu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 which was a paraplegic case where a sum of $200,000.00 under this head. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid3098377 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid5858478\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid4998476 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1097 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 [29] However, it is important to note that the learned High Court Judge considered the decision of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 Higgins J
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 of the Supreme Court of Australian Capital Territory in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 TomislavLipovacbhnf Maria Lipovac v Hamilton Holdings Pty Ltd, Peter Black, Tom Gavranic and The Australian Capital Territory }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
[1996] ACTSC 98}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 , in which a sum of Australian $359,246.00, was awarded as general damages in a case of case of cerebral palsy where the child had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 \~p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 rofound brain damage requiring constant care and attention both medical and otherwise for the remainder of his life, and the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 dictum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  of Greer L.J. in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
Heaps v Perrite Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\i\f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 (1937) 2 All E R 60}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 \~suggesting that in such cases, we \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
have also to take into account not only the suffering which he had immediately after the accident but the suffering that he will have throughout his life in future.\'94
 From a consideration of these decisions, the learned High Court Judge came to the conclusion that Jas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472376 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 nil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 was entitled to a \'93very substantial amount by way of general damages.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid4998476 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid3479683 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 [30] The Court of Appeal adopted a similar approach to the High Court, except that it felt that the general damages awarded for pain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  and suffering and loss of amenities, should be increased by $30,000.00. The Court of Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 expressed the view that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 the socio-economic conditions of Fiji must be relevant in mak
ing an award under this head, but it should not be an over-riding factor in the assessment of damages. The Court of Appeal stressed that the task of a court is to arrive at a proper figure in current Fiji dollars which will properly compensate a person wh
o has suffered pain and loss of enjoyment of life, and the fact that Fiji is a developing country should not necessarily inhibit a court from awarding damages comparable to those in more developed countries.
\par 
\par [31] The reasoning of the Court of Appeal in this regard is found in paragraphs 16 to 18 of its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15498332 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 , which are reproduced below:-
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-426\li1560\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1560\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\'9316. ........It follows therefore in our view that an under-privileged litigant who suffers injury hurts just as much as a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4554260\charrsid12337684 wealthy}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  or socially important litigant who suffers the same injury. Therefore, at least in theory, each is entitled to the same compensation under the law.
\par 
\par 17. This Court has held constantly over the years that the latter statement is incorrect and that an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 \lquote under-developed\rquote }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 \lquote undeveloped\rquote }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
 country cannot afford to pay awards of damages comparable to those in more developed countries. Implicit in this contention is that, were it to be otherwise, the flood gates would open and unsuccessful Defendants wou
ld be ordered to pay damages comparably higher than those awarded in more developed countries and would suffer dire financial consequences.
\par 
\par 18. This Court considers for reasons on which we shall expand later, and with great respect to previous decisions of this Court, that this prophecy of doom can no longer be supported in Fiji.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 

\par [32] We note that after referring in paragraph 19, to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15498332 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  of this Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 Attorney-General v. Paul Praveen Sharma}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 (Civil Appeal No. ABU0041/93) in which we had stressed the need to maintain a consistency of awards in similar cases, in paragraph 20 of its }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15498332 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 , the Court of Appeal concluded as follows:-
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-426\li1560\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1560\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\'9320. This Court agrees that there should be consistency in the level of general damages awarded in similar cases bu
t we add this rider, that if there has been an error in the approach of the courts to the award of general damages for pain and suffering then it must say so. There should not be consistency merely for consistency\rquote 
s sake. Of course, to some extent, the so-
called socio-economic conditions of Fiji must be relevant but in our Judgment they should not be an over-riding factor in the assessment of damages under this head. The task of the Court must be to arrive at a proper figure in current Fiji dollars which w
ill properly compensate a person who has suffered pain and loss of enjoyment of life.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid5858478\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-284\li284\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
[33] Despite the incidental reference to comparable awards of developed countries in paragraphs 17,18,19 and 20 of its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid15498332 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 , which probably was a response of the Court of Appeal to the Petitioners\rquote  attack on the reasoning of the learned Judge of the High Court that the award made by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 Higgins J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
of the Supreme Court of Australian Capital Territory in the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 TomislavLipovacbhnf Maria Lipovac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
might be used as a comparable award, the Court of Appeal in its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid15498332 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 id not advert to any actual awards of any developed country or attempt to compare them with the award made in this case by the High Court. Nor have either learned Co
unsel who appeared before us cited any comparable award of a Fijian or other court in a comparable case of total loss of the sight of both eyes. The written submissions filed by Mr. Sharma on behalf of the Petitioners in this Court did contain an annexure
 showing awards made for pain and suffering in Fiji Islands, which include four cases involving eye injuries, but none of them involved an award for total loss of eye sight affecting both eyes. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid7238016 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid5858478\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid4998476 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1097 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 [34] Of these Fijian awards, the one that came closest to the instant case was an award made on 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\super\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 th}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
 May 1995 in a sum of $37,500.00 for complete loss of one eye with very minimal light vision in the other, and a case decided in 1997 resulted in a lesser award of $25,000.00 for a less serious left corneal laceration
. But, there were two other awards made in 1998 for loss of one eye only, where the awards were much higher, the first of which made on 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\super\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  March 1998 being for $42,500.00 and the later one made on 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\super\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  October 1998 going up to $50,000.00. The annexure was of little use to consider whether the award made by the High Court in this case on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 20}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\super\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  July 2006}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
 was consistent with previous local awards, in the absence of full particulars relating to the nature of the injury and the age and standing in life of the v
ictims concerned, and in the absence of statistical information relating to the rates of inflation between the dates of the said awards and the actual award made by the High Court in this case. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid7238016 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid5858478\charrsid12337684 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 [35] Mr. Maharaj, who appears for the Respondents has in his written submissions, invited our attention to the English case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 AB (by her litigation friend the Official Solicitor) v South East Coast Strategic Health Authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  [2007] LTLPI 15.02.08, which involved a female child who developed retinopathy due to the failure of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
special care unit in which she was nursed, to monitor adequately the oxygen level and suffered total functional blindness. There was evidence that the plaintiff developed obesity an
d serious mental health problems, which eventually led to type I diabetes. The case was eventually settled out of court for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  \'a3
2,250,000.00, of which the estimated general damages for pain and suffering and loss of amenities of life was \'a3160,000.00. Mr. Maharaj has converted the said \'a3
160,000.00 to Fiji $462,131.00, and submitted that the English award was much more than double the amount awarded by the Court of Appeal in the instant case, and supports the position that in fact the Court of Appeal did not tak
e into account any comparative awards from developed countries, but simply decided the quantum taking into consideration the seriousness of the injury suffered by J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2375830 a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 shnil and the actual loss caused to him. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5858478\charrsid12337684 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 [36] It is clear from a plain reading of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15498332 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
 of the High Court that the court arrived at its awards for pain and suffering and loss of amenities of life on the basis of the special facts of the case, and only referred to awards of other more developed jurisdictions only incidentally. The Court 
of Appeal appears to have adopted a similar approach, but for the variation of the award of the High Court for pain and suffering and loss of amenities by 30,000.00, a matter that will be considered in detail later on in this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15498332 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 . However, it is clear from the following paragraphs of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15498332 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
 of the Court of Appeal that it was moved very much by the sad plight of the victim of the negligence of the Petitioners:-  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387135\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-142\li1276\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1276\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  \'93
25. As the Trial Judge said at p.40 of the Court Record - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 "The infant lives in a w
orld of darkness. He has a painful existence both mentally and physically having completely lost one of the body\rquote s most important senses when he can only hear sound and perhaps imagine".
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-142\li1276\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1276\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387135 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-142\li1276\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1276\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
26. Jashnil will never in the future be able to see the sun rising 
or setting over a calm sea and watch the various light changes as it does so; he will never see the colours of a rainbow because no matter how they are described to him he will never understand what those colours are. He will never see rain coming over th
e sea with the visibility changing as it does so because no amount of description will be able to convey to him as it does to some people this magic of nature. If he ever marries and has children he will never see his children\rquote s faces.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387135 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 27. And yet the Appellants say he has received too much. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1134\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387135 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 28. He will never be able to appreciate the beauty of wet roofs beneath the lamp-light or, as the Poet Rupert Brooke wrote in his poem, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 TheGreat Love}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 "firm sands; the little dulling edge of foam that browns and dwindles as the wave goes home."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
 He will never see the magic of a variety of flowers in a garden or have the joy of watching children at play or of kittens playing with a ball of wool, throwing caution to the wind as they do so. These are the little things of l
ife the sight of which will, in the present state of medical knowledge, be forever denied to him. And yet the Appellants say he has received too much.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5858478\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 [37] }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe3081\langfenp3081\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 There are three guiding principles in measuring the quantum of compensation for pain and suffering
 and loss of amenities. First and foremost, the amount of compensation awarded must be fair }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
and should compensate the victim of the injury in the fullest possible manner, bearing in mind that damages for any cause of action are awarded once and for all, an
d cannot be varied due to subsequent eventualities, some of which could not even be anticipated at the stage a court makes an award. Hence, an award of damages should not only be fair, but also assessed with moderation, even though scientific accuracy is 
impossible. The second principle is that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe3081\langfenp3081\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
sum awarded must to a considerable extent be conventional and consistent. Thirdly, regard must be had to awards made in comparable cases, in the jurisdiction in which the award is made. However, it is also open f
or a court to take into consideration a comparable award made in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe3081\langfenp3081\insrsid6387135 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe3081\langfenp3081\insrsid2375830\charrsid12337684 
foreign}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe3081\langfenp3081\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
  jurisdiction, particularly in cases where the type of injury is not very common, provided that the court takes into consideration differences in soc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe3081\langfenp3081\insrsid2375830 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe3081\langfenp3081\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 o-economic and other relevant conditions that might exist between the two jurisdictions.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7497125 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid10888820 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
[38] We note that the High Court, which had the advantage of seeing the victim and hearing the testimony of the witnesses, which advantage an appellate court does not possess, had awarded a sum o
f $190,000.00 as general damages for the pain and suffering and loss of amenities suffered by the victim. In increasing this award on appeal to $220,000.00, the only reason adduced by the Court of Appeal was that the \'93prophecy of doom\'94
 arising from the inh
ibition of a Fijian court from making awards of damages comparable to those in more developed countries can no longer be supported in Fiji. Adverting to the relief sought in the cross appeal filed in the Court of Appeal by the Petitioners that the award f
or pain and suffering and loss of amenities be restricted to $90,000.00, the court in paragraph 34 of its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15498332 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  stated as follows:- }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387135\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-284\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid10888820 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\'9334. \'85\'85..To reduce an award of $190,000 to a mere $90,000 cannot be justified; rather, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 we consider that there is very 
good reason for increasing the amount of general damages for pain and suffering to the amount claimed in the Cross-appeal, namely $220,000 and we so order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 . In our Judgment this is not an exorbitant amount to compensate Jashnil as much as money can, for the terrible injury he suffered at the hands of the Appellants. (}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 Emphasis added}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 )
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li426\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6387135 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 The \'93
very good reason\'94 the Court of Appeal had in mind for increasing the award under this head to $220,000.00, must necessarily be that it considered the general level of award
s made in Fiji for pain and suffering and loss of amenity was low and inadequate, and should be made compatible to those made in other more developed jurisdiction. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7497125 
{\*\bkmkstart _GoBack}{\*\bkmkend _GoBack}
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li426\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6387135 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
[39] In this context, Mr. Sharma has, on behalf of the Petitioners, invited our attention to the decision of the Privy Council in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 Chan Wai Tong &Anor v Li Ping Sum }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 [1985] 1 Lloyd\rquote s Rep 87, in which Lord Fraser of Tullybelton, observed that \'93a court should in general have regard only to awards in the same jurisdiction or in a neighbouring locali
ty where the relevant conditions are similar.\'94 We note that the reasoning of the Privy Council has been uniformly applied in Fiji by the Court of Appeal in several decisions such as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 MarikaLawansiaavi&Anor v PesaminoKapieni}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  (Civil Appeal No. ABU0049 of 1998, 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\super\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  August 1999) and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 JovesaRokobutabutaki&Anor v LusianaRokodovu}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  (Civil Appeal No. ABU 0098 of 1998, 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\super\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
 February 2000), and remains sound. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7497125 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid13527777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 [40] W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 e are of the opinion that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
Court of Appeal has failed to have regard to the fundamental principle of law that comparative awards from foreign jurisdictions should be considered in the light of differences that may exist in the socio-economic conditions and even parity rates, making
 
sufficient allowance for inflation. Although Mr. Maharaj has contended that this case had been decided by the Court of Appeal on its special facts, we are inclined to the view that the Court of Appeal was influenced by the higher quantum of damages awarde
d in general by other more developed jurisdictions, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 as no other reason can be discerned from the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15498332 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  of that court for increasing the award made by the High Court.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid13527777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7497125 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid13527777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 [41] It is noteworthy that in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 JovesaRokobutabutaki, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 the court observed that the \'93level 
of damages for personal injuries in Fiji has traditionally been markedly below that of its more prosperous common-law associates, reflecting the differences in their socio-economic conditions\'85\'94
, and in our view to disregard the reasoning of the Privy Council in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 Chan Wai Tong &Anor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 as \'93dogma\'94
 would raise major policy issues.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7497125 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid13527777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
[42] Indeed, the question that arises in this context is whether making policy changes involving the quantum of damages that can be awarded in personal injury cases, which will no doubt 
have serious implications on society in general and institutions such as hospitals in particular, fall within the legitimate province of a court of law. Ideally, such changes should emanate from the legislative or executive branches of government, and the
 
courts should be slow to spearhead change. However, in the absence of legislative or executive guidelines, the responsibility may remain in the courts to review in appropriate cases, the quantum of damages that have been awarded in the past, but in doing 
so, it would be necessary to take into consideration all relevant factors that may have a bearing on the matter.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid13527777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7497125 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid13527777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
[43] In this regard, it will be useful to refer to the valuable observations made by Lord Wolf MR, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 Heil v Rankin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
 [2000] 2 WLR 1173, in which
 the Court of Appeal of England considered certain recommendations of the Law Commission, in the context of eight appeals involving the quantum of damages (tariffs) for pain and suffering and loss of amenity. The approach of the Court of Appeal of England
 in this case is reflected in paragraph 28 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid15498332 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  of Lord Wolf wherein he recognised}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 the dangers which can arise from too rigid an application of tariffs, but observed that-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid13527777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13527777\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1134\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid13527777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 \'93
.....it has been the continuous responsibility of the courts not only to 
set tariffs for damages for non-pecuniary loss in the case of personal injuries, but also, having done so, to keep the tariffs up to date. The courts sought to achieve this by deciding guideline cases and subsequently making allowance for inflation, that 
is, the depreciation in the value of money, since the guideline was laid down.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1134\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid13527777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid13527777\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid13527777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
[44] Lord Wolf acknowledged in paragraph 29 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
changes in society can result in a level of damages which was previously acceptable no longer providing fair, reasonable and just compensation, taking into account the interests of the claimants, the defendants and society as a whole. He considered it cle
arly desirable for the courts at appropriate intervals to review the level of damages so as to consider whether what had been previously acceptable remains appropriate.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid13527777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7497125 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid13527777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
[45] However, in performing this task of review, the court should be guided by objectiv
e criteria such as economic statistics and indicators, inflation rates, and the like in evaluating comparative awards from within the same jurisdiction, and when considering comparative foreign awards, not only changes in parity rates and rates of inflati
o
n, but differences in the socio-economic conditions would be extremely relevant. Unfortunately, the Court of Appeal did not evaluate comparative awards, whether local or otherwise. In our view, its approach that standards applied in more developed jurisdi
ctions should be adopted in Fiji does not accurately reflect the relevant factors that a court should consider when assessing non-pecuniary compensation. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid13527777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7497125 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid13527777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
[46] Unlike the High Court, the Court of Appeal did not have the advantage of hearing witness testimony or even seeing the victim of the Petitioner\rquote 
s negligence. In increasing the award made by the High Court, the Court of Appeal has simply overlooked the cardinal principle that \'93the exercise of discretion by the trial judge in the estimation of damages o
ught not to be interfered with by an appellate court unless the trial judge has erred in point of law or in his approach to the assessment or unless the assessment itself, by its disproportion to the injuries received, demonstrates error on the part of th
e trial judge.\'94(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 per}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 Barwick CJ in }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 Sharman v Evans}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  (1977) 138 CLR 563 at paragraph 4).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid13527777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7497125 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid13527777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
 [47] For the forgoing reasons, we are of the view that question (b) on which special leave was granted by this Court, should be answered in favour of the Petitioners, and we accordingly hold that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 Court of Appeal erred in law and in fact in holding tha
t awards for general damages for pain and suffering and loss of amenities must be same as that in other developed countries, without any investigation of factors influencing awards in other countries. We do not disturb the award of $190,000,00 made by the
 High Court under this head as we are satisfied that the said award was made taking into consideration the nature of the injury inflicted on Jas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid2375830 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 nil and the pain and suffering and loss of amenity occasioned thereby.   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid13527777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7497125 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid13527777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
[48] Accordingly, we make order allow
ing the appeal. However, as the appeal to this Court was confined to the enhanced award made by the Court of Appeal with respect to general damages for pain and suffering and loss of amenities, we would only vary the award made by the Court of Appeal by s
ubstituting the sum of $190,000.00 in place of the $220,000.00 in paragraphs 44 and 45 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15498332 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684  of that Court and also substituting the sum of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 $468,500.00 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 for the sum of $498,500.00 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\lang1033\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 
in paragraph 45 thereof, and we make order accordingly. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 We do not make any order for costs in all the circumstances of this case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 .
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi294\li4746\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4746\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid13139519 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li4678\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4678\itap0\pararsid3151415 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 Hon. Mr. Justice SaleemMarsoof
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-68\li4746\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4746\itap0\pararsid3151415 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\ul\insrsid2375830\charrsid2375830 Judge of the Supreme Court}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\ul\insrsid7238016\charrsid2375830 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi294\li4746\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4746\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid1390114 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid3151415 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li4678\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4678\itap0\pararsid3151415 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 Hon. Mr. Justice SathyaaHettige
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-68\li4746\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4746\itap0\pararsid3151415 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\ul\insrsid2375830\charrsid2375830 Judge of the Supreme Court}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\ul\insrsid7238016\charrsid2375830 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li5040\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid1390114 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid3151415 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li4678\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4678\itap0\pararsid3151415 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid7238016\charrsid12337684 Hon. Mr. Justice William Calanchini
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-426\li426\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid4998476 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\cf1\insrsid2375830 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\ul\insrsid3504702\charrsid12337684 Solicitors:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\ul\insrsid11617529\charrsid12337684 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\ul\insrsid3504702\charrsid12337684 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid12337684\charrsid12337684 Attorney General\rquote s Chambers for Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid527083 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid3504702\charrsid12337684 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\insrsid12337684\charrsid2375830 Messrs Suresh Maharaj & Associates for Respondents
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