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SUVA \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Petition for Special Leave to Appeal CAV0006/2010 \par [Court of Appeal AAU0022/08] \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 BETWEEN: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 JOELI VULAWALU \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Petitioner \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 AND: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 THE STATE \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Respondent \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par Coram}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 :}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The Hon Mr Justice Anthony Gates \par President of the Supreme Court \par \par The Hon Mr Justice Saleem Marsoof \par Justice of Appeal of the Supreme Court \par \par The Hon Mr Justice Sathya Hettige \par Justice of Appeal of the Supreme Court \par \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Hearing}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 :}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Tuesday 29th March 2011 \par \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Counsel}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 :}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Petitioner in Person \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Ms Seini Puamau \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par Date of Judgment}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 :}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 8th April 2011 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par [1]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The Petitioner seeks special leave to appeal against sentence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The two chief grounds he urges are that the Court of Appeal did not pay sufficient regard to the totality principle and secondly the court did not distinguish the Petitioner}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 s part from that of the other participants and give sufficient discount for that lesser role.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 He says he personally did not act with violence towards the victims, and was merely the driver in both robberies. \par \par [2]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 There were two cases in the Magistrates Court, separate in time and circumstance.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 After pleas of guilty, albeit after the commencement of evidence in one of the cases, sentence was passed on 7th September 2007.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 These sentences were as the learned magistrate set out as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 "}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Case No. 984/07}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Count 1: Robbery with Violence: 6 years imprisonment. \par Count 2: Unlawful use of Motor Vehicle: 4 months imprisonment. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 These two sentences be served concurrently. \par Total = 6 years imprisonment \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Case No. 752/07}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Robbery with Violence: 4 years imprisonment. \par All these i.e. 6 years and 4 years to be served consecutively. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Total = 10 years imprisonment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par [3]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The Petitioner appealed against both conviction and sentence to the High Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 On 8th February 2008 the High Court dismissed the appeal against conviction but allowed the appeal against sentence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 It reduced the total sentence of imprisonment from 10 years to 7 years. \par \par [4]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The Petitioner appealed further to the Court of Appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Leave to appeal was refused by Hickie JA as the single judge on the ground that no error of law in the imposition of the sentences had been shown.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Section 22(1A) of the Court of Appeal Act prohibited appeals against sentence save where it could be shown that: (a) }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 the sentence was an unlawful one or was passed in consequence of an error of law; or (b) that the High Court imposed an immediate custodial sentence in substitution for a non-custodial sentence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par \par [5]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 We are concerned here with paragraph (a) of section 22(1A).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par [6]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The Petitioner raised two arguments in the Court of Appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 First that the totality principle had not been correctly applied and second that the cumulative sentence of 7 years was harsh and excessive in view of the Petitioner}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 s lesser role in these crimes.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 However a ground dealing with the quantum of a sentence is unlikely to raise }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 unlawfulness}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 or }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 error of law}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 But breach of the totality principle could amount to an error of law. \par \par [7]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 As the Court of Appeal correctly recognised the facts admitted in these robberies amounted in each case to joint enterprises.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The court warned the Petitioner if he went on with his appeal against sentence, the sentence could be enhanced.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 However he wanted to proceed and therefore he was heard on the question of enhancement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The court ordered enhancement and restored the Magistrates Court original sentence undisturbed, that is 6 years and 4 years consecutive respectively, making a total of 10 years. \par \par [8]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 In }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Suva Magistrates Court Case 984/07}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 , the Petitioner was charged with one other of robbing an Australian High Commission official at his residence in Lami and of unlawfully using the victim}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 s motor vehicle. \par \par [9]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 On 3rd September 2007 the Petitioner pleaded guilty to both counts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The facts were handed up.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The property taken from the victim amounting in all to $1,460 was never recovered.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The aggravating factors were that this offence was committed at night, whilst the victi m was at his house with his family including two children aged 9 and 4 years, and that the Petitioner was part of a group of 10 masked men who had entered the house under somewhat frightening circumstances.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Finally they assaulted the victim causing injuries to him necessitating hospitalisation for a few days.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 One of them had stabbed the victim several times with a screw driver. \par \par [10]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 In }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Suva Magistrates Court Case No. 752/05}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 the complainant was at home in Vatuwaqa at 2 in the morning with his family when 6 masked men with cane knives, stones and an iron rod entered his compound.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The robbers used an iron cutter to cut the padlock.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The tube light in the porch was taken out.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The windows were then smashed and the masked men entered the house.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The house was ransacked.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Money was demanded.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The owner}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 s 7 year old daughter}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 s gold chain was snatched from her.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 There was some manhandling of the 77 year old grandmother also.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Jewellery, currency and a mobile phone were taken. \par \par [11]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The Court of Appeal said there was no physical violence proffered to the occupants on this occasion.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Nonetheless the events as related above would have considerably alarmed the complainant and his family.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Again there were aggravating factors in this being a home invasion at night, a robbery commi tted by the Petitioner in company, the men being masked and armed, and the frightening circumstances of the windows being smashed with the family inside together and in the presence of the elderly grandmother and child of 7. \par \par [12]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 In considering sentence, the Magistrate had approached his task taking each robbery as a separate matter.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The offences were not part of a string of robberies but there were two of them committed on different dates.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 He accordingly ordered the sentences to be served consecutively, making a total sentence to be served of 10 years imprisonment. \par \par [13]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The Petitioner informed the court he was to drive the vehicles that were stolen from each premises.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 He admitted he went into the Lami home as part of the masked group of 10.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 It was obvious that he knew force would be used if anybody got in the way of the robbers}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 intentions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The complainant did and thus his hand was injured when he tried to prevent the robbers from entering his house.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The circumstances of the robbery were such that all who entered must take responsibility and were criminally liable for what they knew might arise, as indeed it did. \par \par [14]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 There is less clarity on the role played by the Petitioner in the second matter, the robbery at Vatuwaqa.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Again the Petitioner said he was there to drive a vehicle.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 By doing so he assisted at the scene of the crime and took part in the robbery.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Little if any discount can be given for such a role, which is akin to that of the driver of a getaway car in a bank robbery.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 His role was vital to the success of both crimes committed. \par \par [15]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 In the course of a careful sentencing judgment the learned magistrate canvassed and applied the correct principles in arriving at the sentences.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 There was some mitigation put to the court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Hi s wife had left him with 2 children to look after.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 However he could receive no discount for good character since he had a criminal history with one previous robbery matter. \par \par [16]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 In the High Court the judge stated that he found the Magistrate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 s sentence principled and correct.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 He then went on to say that }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 on the totality of the sentence and given the role played by the appellant I would hold that 7 years would be fairer on the facts of the cases here.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 " }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The judge referred to the fact that the Petitioner had said he was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 the spotter and the driver.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 It had been explained to the Petitioner by the Magistrate that he was as much responsible as the others who had actually entered the premises to execute the robbery. \par \par [17]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The High Court ordered that the sentence was to be }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 varied from a total of 10 years imprisonment to 7 years imprisonment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The court did not apportion that reduction between the two leading counts each charging robbery with violence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 This was not therefore well expressed for one was a sentence of 6 years and the other of 4 years.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Such reduction should have been apportioned, so that the individual sentences on the warrants of imprisonment, as well as on the record would be accurate. \par \par [18]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The High Court sentence was reversed by the Court of Appeal on 11th June 2010.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The court restored the sentences of the learned magistrate, with the original terms of imprisonment remaining consecutive to each other. \par \par [19]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 There can be no challenge to the correctness of the magistrate in ordering consecutive sentences for the two robberies.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 They were wholly different incidents of robbery with violence and in such circumstances the terms of imprisonment should be made consecutive to each other: }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Joji Waqasaqa v The State }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Cr. App. No. CAV0009.05S, 8th June 2006. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Totality of Sentence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par \par [20]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The Supreme Court in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Waqasaqa}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 set out the procedure for a sentencing court after it has set the appropriate sentence within the range and having taking into account all of the aggravating and mitigating circumstances.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 At para [34] the court went on: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 [34]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Of course, the sentencing judge or magistrate is always required to consider the totality of the aggregate sentence in order to ensure that it is just and appropriate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Sentencing is never a mere matter of arithmetic.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The c ourt must always step back and take a last look at the total just to see if it looks wrong (}{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 R v Bradley}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 [1979] 1 NZLR 262,}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Mill v The Queen}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 (1988) 166 CLR 59, }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Wong Kam Hong v. The State, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Criminal Appeal No. CAV0002 of 2003S, Supreme Court, 23 October 2003). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 [35]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 In }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Mill}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 , Wilson, Deane, Dawson, Toohey and Gaudron JJ said (at 63): \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Where the [totality] principle falls to be applied in relation to sentences of imprisonment imposed by a single sentencing court, an appropriate result may be achieved either by making sentences wholly or partially concurrent or by lowering the individual sentences below what would otherwise be appropriate in order to reflect the fact that a number of sentences are being imposed.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Where practicable, the former is to be preferred.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par [21]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 In these proceedings, the Court of Appeal had referred to its decision in }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Philip Fong Toy v The State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 AAU0099/08 and at para [12] said: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The effect of the totality principle is to require a sentencer when ordering a series of sentences to run consecutively to consider whether the total sentence is too much and will have a crushing effect on the offender.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 If a sentence concludes that making a series of sentences cumulative will have a crushing effect on the offender, then the sentences should be made concurrent.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 That is how the totality principle operates.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par [22]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 In the instant case, both of the robberies were terrifying events for the victims.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 These were serious offences involving home invasion at night, committed by a group of armed masked men, with the smashing of glass, and in one of them, injuries inflicted on the complainant.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Sentences of 6 years and 4 years were not excessive, and the ordering of consecutive service of these terms was wholly correct. \par \par [23]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 A consideration of the totality principle here does not result in the need for further reduction of the effective overall term.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The term was, as required, just and appropriate for the total criminality involved }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Postiglione v The Queen}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 (1997) 189 CLR 295. \par \par [24]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 We conclude that the sentences were not unlawful nor were they passed in consequence of an error of law. \par \par [25]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 The Petitioner has not met the threshold requirements for the grant of special leave pursuant to section 7(2) of the Supreme Court Act.} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 For that reason special leave is refused. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Hon Justice Anthony Gates \par President of the Supreme Court \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Hon Justice Saleem Marsoof \par Justice of Appeal of the Supreme Court \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 Hon Justice Sathya Hettige \par Justice of Appeal of the Supreme Court \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8475223 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 \par Solicitors}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8475223\charrsid8475223 : \par \par Petitioner in Person \par Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions, Suva for the Respondent \par }}