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{\title \'93this is a quote, has said, of me saying \'91this is a quote\'92\'94}{\author ruddley_e}{\operator ruddley_e}{\creatim\yr2011\mo8\dy22\hr8\min29}{\revtim\yr2011\mo8\dy22\hr10\min17}{\version5}{\edmins14}{\nofpages22}{\nofwords10718}
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\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE FIJI ISLANDS
\par AT SUVA
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 CIVIL APPEAL NO. CBV0003 OF 2009
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 BETWEEN:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Q.B.E. INSURANCE (FIJI) LIMITED
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Petitioner
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 AND:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 RAVINESH PRASAD
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Respondent
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Coram}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 : }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Hon. Chief Justice Anthony Gates, President of the Supreme Court
\par Hon. Justice William Marshall, Justice of the Supreme Court
\par Hon. Justice William Calanchini, Justice of the Supreme Court
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par Counsel}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 : }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Mr F Hanif for the Petitioner
\par Mr R Chaudhary for the Respondent
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Date of Hearing}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 : }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Wednesday, 12th October 2010
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Date of Judgment}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 : }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Thursday, 18th August 2011
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Anthony Gates, President
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 I agree with the judgment and reasons of Justice William Marshall and with Justice William Calanchini on the power of the Supreme Court to award interest.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 I agree with Justice William Marshall}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s conclusion that the Petition for special leave of QBE Insurance (Fiji) Limited should be refused.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 I agree also with the proposed orders.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
I agree with the criticism of Justice William Marshall in respect of the Petitioner}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s Grounds of Appeal in this Court.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 I hope that practitioners will take note of these remarks.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Justice William Marshall
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 This is another case}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
where an insurer seeks to avoid paying out under the statutory liability imposed in the first instance by the United Kingdom in the Road Traffic Act 1934 section 10 which is section 11 in the Fiji Motor Vehicles Third Party Insurance Act, Cap 177.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
What was legislated in the United Kingdom in 1934 was that the third party can recover directly from the insurance company even if the insured would be 
unable to enforce the contract of insurance entered into with the insurance company because the insured or his driver was in breach of a condition of the third party liability policy.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 However where the insurer has to pay out to the third party under the st
atutory liability and the insured is in breach, the insurer can recover the amount paid to the third party from the insured.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
The interests of third parties are accorded priority by the statute and the insurance company is relegated to a right of recovery against the insured who is in breach of contract.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 This means that the insurer has to calculate his premium on the basis of primary liability under statute to the third party.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 No doubt in most cases the calculation will be made that the insured is unlikely to be able to reimburse the insurer.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 When the present case was heard on 13th October 2010 the judgment of the Supreme Court in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Sun Insurance v. Pranish Prakash Chand}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  had not yet been delivered.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
When it was given on 15th October 2010 the matters relating to Section 11 of Cap 177 in Fiji were fully explained. This means that in the present case, had there been a breach of condition on the part of the insured which arguably en
titled the insurer to avoid liability under the contract, it would on 13th October 2010 have been a matter of public importance that the law of Fiji be clarified.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 It was argued by Mr Hanif that the point decided in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Sun Insurance}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  would have arisen also in this case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
So what this application for special leave turns upon is whether there was a breach of condition of a term of the policy on the part of the insured which arguably entitled the insurer to avoid contractual liability to the insured.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The scheme 
of section 10 of the 1934 Act in the United Kingdom, which is Section 11 of Cap 177 in Fiji, was to a limited extent a compromise between the legislators and the approved insurers.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 It has been superseded in practice in the United Kingdom and in all the major common law countries that adopted the United Kingdom legislation of 1930 and 1934.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
The main escape for the insurers from Section 10 (3) of the 1934 Act was, if there had been misrepresentation by the insured in his proposal form which could be held to avoid the policy.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Experience proved that this escape provision would not often be available to be used by the insurers.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The scheme of section 10 (section 11 in Fiji) turned upon the third party suing the users of the vehicle in tort.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 If negligence of th
e driver and vicarious liability on the part of the owner were established, the owner (the insured) and the driver would have judgment entered against them.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 But a hard edged provision in the operating of section 10 (United Kingdom) statutory scheme was tha
t the third party must give notice to the insurance company within seven days of issuing his writ against the tortfeasor and the owner. This allowed the insurer to do two things.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Firstly under the scheme he could give notice that he intended to attempt to 
escape from liability to the third party arising from fraud or misrepresentation on the part of the insured when he incorrectly filled out his proposal for insurance.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Under the statutory scheme, the insurer had to give notice of this attempt to the third p
arty. The insurer has also to commence his action against the insured within three months of receiving notice of the third party claim. It is a certainty that non compliance with these requirements terminates the insurer}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s chance to explore this option.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The second action for the insurer to consider when he received notice within 7 days from the third party, related to getting involved in the negligence action.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 In many cases it would be possible for the insurance company, using its powers of subrogation
, to adduce evidence and successfully argue that the alleged tortfeasor had not been negligent or that there was contributory negligence on the part of the Plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 However in many cases the insurer would take the view that on the facts it was not possible to prevent the third party succeeding 100 percent.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 If so, judgment, often in default of defence would be entered for the third party Plaintiff.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Particularly so if the tortfeasor had been convicted of careless driving in a court of criminal jurisdiction.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The insurance}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
company may also using its powers raise and argue issues such as the driver}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s permission}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 
 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 or authority to drive which goes to the vicarious liability of the insured.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
The Facts and Court Proceedings
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 In a traffic accident the driver of a t
win cab truck with a tray on the back with registration number CI317 was 16 years old Amitesh Kumar Sharma.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
The vehicle was used in businesses including a coach building business operated by the Sharma family company.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
For some reason although used by the family coach building business the twin cab was owned and licensed and insured by Amitesh Sharma}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
s mother Mrs Nirmala Sharma.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 She was probably a director of the company.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par One of the company}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s employees, a driver, was one Mahendra Raj.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Mahendra Raj was licensed and was a driver of heavy and other vehicles used in the company}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s business.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
From the document produced it is clear that Amitesh Sharma, born on 24th September 1980, was issued upon application with a provisional driving licence on the 18th of March 1997.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 This permitted him }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 to drive an unladen motor vehicle on any road}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
There were two provisos}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Provided that}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 :}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Except in the case of a motor cycle, he is accompanied for the purpose of instruction by a licensed driver sitting next to him}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 ;}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  and}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 There is exhibited on the front and back of the vehicle, a plate bearing the letter }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 L}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
 in red on a white background in such a manner as to be easily discernible to other users of the road.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 8.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 On the 2nd April 1997 Amitesh Sharma was working in the family business. Mahendra Raj drove him in motor vehicle CI317 to the family home where an item was dropped off.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Then Amitesh Sharma and Mahendra Raj were to take CI317 to his father}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s coach building premises in Leonidas Street, a side street in Lautoka.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 A
t the house Mahendra Raj told Amitesh Sharma to drive since he was learning to drive.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Mahendra Raj then sat in the nearside front passenger seat.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 There were no }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 L plates}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  displayed on the vehicle as required by law.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 9.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  At about 5.45 p.m. Amitesh Sharma was driving in Vomo Street a main street in Lautoka and therefore to reach his father}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s coach building premises had to make a right turn into Leonidas Street.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Amitesh Sharma turned on his traffic indicator to turn right.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 He then stopped to allow two or thre
e cars travelling in the other direction to pass by.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 10.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 After they passed, Amitesh Sharma thought it was clear to turn right.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Unfortunately he did not see Ravinesh Prasad on his bicycle who like the cars was travelling in Vomo Street in the other direction.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The rear of motor vehicle CI317 collided with Ravinesh Prasad and his bicycle.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Ravinesh Prasad was seriously injured and his bicycle was a }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
write-off}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 .
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 11.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Rajesh Kumar was }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 jogging}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
 along Vomo Street and immediately became aware of what had happened.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
He saw two men alight from the motor vehicle which had collided with the cyclist.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 They were concerned about Ravinesh Prasad.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 They took Ravinesh Prasad into the motor vehicle and straight to a nearby hospital.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Rajesh Kumar offered to help but it was not needed.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 12.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Ravinesh Prasad was almost the same age}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 as Amitesh Sharma and was working in a clothing factory and was riding home from work at the time of the accident.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 13.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Justice Finnigan first heard the action in Civil Action No. HBC 223 of 1997L substantively on 4th August 2005.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 That is about 8 years after the issue of the writ.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 There may have been difficulty in hearing matters in Lautoka in this period.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 However in normal cases such a delay is too long.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 14.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 On 4th August 2005 Mr H A Shah appeared and th
en withdrew immediately because Amitesh Sharma and his mother Mrs Nirmala Sharma (the Defendants) had both migrated permanently to the USA.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Obviously QBE Insurance (Fiji) Limited had not shown interest on the proceedings or taken up their rights of subrogation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 They had been given Notice within 7 days of the issue of Ravinesh Prasad}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
s proceedings as required by the scheme under section 11 of the Motor Vehicles (Third Party Insurance Act) Cap 177.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
However they chose to do nothing about it.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 15.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Counsel for the Plaintiff then sought that the defence be struck out which motion was immediately granted by Mr Justice Finnigan.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The hearing proceeded very thoroughly on quantum of damages.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 16.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Mr Justice Finnigan on 11th August 2005 ordered damages as set out below.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 An order was sealed by the Deputy Registrar on 16th August 2005}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 IT IS ADJUDGED}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  that the Defendants do pay the Plaintiff the sum of $96,425.00 made up as follows}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 :}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 -
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts18\trgaph108\trleft1332\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid16516905\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6228\clshdrawnil \cellx7560\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1800\clshdrawnil \cellx9360
\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid11410066\yts18 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
General Damages [past]:}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 \cell }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 -$15,000.00}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 \cell }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 \trowd \irow0\irowband0
\ts18\trgaph108\trleft1332\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid16516905\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6228\clshdrawnil \cellx7560\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1800\clshdrawnil \cellx9360\row }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid11410066\yts18 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 General Damages [futures]:}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 \cell }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 -$25,000.00}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 \cell }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 \trowd \irow1\irowband1
\ts18\trgaph108\trleft1332\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid16516905\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6228\clshdrawnil \cellx7560\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1800\clshdrawnil \cellx9360\row }\trowd \irow2\irowband2
\ts18\trgaph108\trleft1332\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid16516905\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6228\clshdrawnil \cellx7560\clvertalb\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1800\clshdrawnil \cellx9360\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid11410066\yts18 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Interest on $15,000 at 6% from July 1997}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16516905  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 until August 2005:}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 \cell }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 -$7,200.00}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 \trowd \irow2\irowband2
\ts18\trgaph108\trleft1332\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid16516905\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6228\clshdrawnil \cellx7560\clvertalb\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1800\clshdrawnil \cellx9360\row }\trowd \irow3\irowband3
\ts18\trgaph108\trleft1332\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid16516905\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6228\clshdrawnil \cellx7560\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1800\clshdrawnil \cellx9360\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid11410066\yts18 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Loss of earnings capacity:}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 \cell }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 -$46,800.00}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 \cell }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 \trowd \irow3\irowband3
\ts18\trgaph108\trleft1332\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid16516905\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6228\clshdrawnil \cellx7560\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1800\clshdrawnil \cellx9360\row }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid11410066\yts18 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Special Damages}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 \cell }{\i\ulth\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 -$925.00}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 \cell }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 \trowd \irow4\irowband4
\ts18\trgaph108\trleft1332\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid16516905\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6228\clshdrawnil \cellx7560\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1800\clshdrawnil \cellx9360\row }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid11410066\yts18 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 TOTAL}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 \cell }{\b\i\ulth\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 -$94,925.00}{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid16516905 __}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 
\trowd \irow5\irowband5\lastrow \ts18\trgaph108\trleft1332\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid16516905\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6228\clshdrawnil \cellx7560\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1800\clshdrawnil 
\cellx9360\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 AND}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Judgment is entered for the Plaintiff in the sum of $94,925.00 [NINETY FOUR THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED TWENTY FIVE DOLLARS] plus costs in the sum of $1,500.00 [ONE THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS].}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 17.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The judgment of Mr Justice Finnigan of 11th of August 2005 
describes serious and permanent head and facial injuries with permanent headaches and periods of painful inflammation of the left septum which is permanently blocked.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 There is clear evidence of loss of future earnings given the continuing disabling pain and suffering caused by the accident.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Remedial surgery is not available in Fiji.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
This accident has blighted the life and earning capacity of a sixteen year old at the outset of his adult life and his working life.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
There has never been a complaint either from the Defendants in the 1997 action or the insurer on the issue of quantum of damages.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 18.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 I am surprised to find that an application to set aside judgment was made in the 1997 action on 19th June 2006 was partially acceded to by Mr Justice Finnigan.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 It re
mains an unanswered question for me also, why since the Plaintiff was operating the statutory scheme of Section 11 of Cap 177 prompt action was not taken in late 2005 against QBE Insurance (Fiji) Limited.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 By that time they may have repudiated the claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 If
 they had not they should have been put on seven days notice to make up their mind.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 19.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
This application of 19th June 2006 does not seem to bear any sign of involvement on the part of the insurance company. It seems rather that Mrs Nirmala Sharma (First 
Defendant) hoped that she might escape liability (and execution against property in Fiji) on the basis that she did not use the vehicle and had not authorized her son on this occasion to drive it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 There is no evidence of QBE Insurance (Fiji) Limited being involved in this application.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 20.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The evidence always was that Mrs Nirmala Sharma had }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 de facto}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  allowed general use and control in respect of motor vehicle CI317 to the family company.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 No doubt the company through its authorised employees made the decisions as to which of them being legally able to drive CI317 on company business should do so.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 There is no doubt that the motor vehicle CI317 was occupied by Amitesh Sharma and Mahendra Raj 
on 2nd April 1997 and that they were engaged on company business.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 They were both legally able to drive.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Mahendra Raj was a senior employee.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Since Amitesh Sharma had recently taken out his learner}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
s driving permit and was working in the business of the family company it was in the family company}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
s interest that he learn to drive and then become a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 full}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  driving licence holder without unnecessary delay.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Since Mahendra Raj was a very experienced driver he was well qualified to supervise Amitesh Sharma}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s drivin
g sitting in the front passenger seat.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 21.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Although Mr Justice Finnigan found nothing new other than assertion and nothing that would likely lead to a successful outcome for Mrs Nirmala Sharma, on 5th July 2006 after a hearing Mr Justice Finnigan allowed 
the liability to be re opened by adjourning the application until the evidence on liability was heard.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 22.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Since he had pleaded }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 guilty}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
 to careless driving in the Magistrates Court, it was inevitable in view of the evidence to be adduced at the hearing of 7th August 2006 that Amitesh Sharma would be found liable to the Plaintiff Ravinesh Prasad in tort.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
But if the owner of motor vehicle CI317, Mrs Nirmala Sharma, the First Defendant, could succeed in establishing that she had not permitted her son to driv
e motor vehicle CI 317 on the day of the accident she would not be a user of the vehicle through her permitted driver and would not be vicariously liable for the tort of her son Amitesh Sharma.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 At one time her argument seemed to be that Amitesh Sharma had not been accompanied by the very experienced driver Mahendra Raj, who had passed away by 2006.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 But all the evidence was against this including the independent witness Mr Rajesh Kumar.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 23.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Looking ahead to the liability of QBE Insurance (Fiji) Limited, if Mrs Nirmala Sharma was not vicariously liable as a }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 user}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
 through her son being a permitted driver, that would mean that the insurer would not be liable under the policy for the negligent driving of Amitesh Sharma causing serious injury to a third party.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 N
ow in the Supreme Court QBE Insurance (Fiji) Limited plead that on the facts Amitesh was not authorised to drive and the finding of fact of Mr Justice Finnigan should be overturned in these proceedings.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 24.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 In his judgment of 22nd August 2006 Mr Justice Finnigan found the facts as stated above.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
He then considered whether Ravinesh Prasad might have contributed to the event by not having lights on his bicycle. The learned judge concluded}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 :}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 However, it was not 
yet dark and the Plaintiff on his bicycle was there to be seen. The Second Defendant turned his vehicle into the path of the moving bicycle and when he did so the bicycle was very near to where he steered his vehicle because almost instantly the collision
 occurred.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 He failed to see another road user into whose path he was turning.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 That is my clear finding.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
There was no contribution in negligence by the Plaintiff.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 25.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 In his judgment upon permission or authority Mr Justice Finnigan first of all reviewed the evidence of Mrs Nirmala Sharma and her son Amitesh Sharma.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 He found that Mrs Nirmala Sharma was not truthful and was evasive.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Her son}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s evidence was found to be truthful on this issue.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 26.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 I now set out the reasoning on this issue of Mr Justice Finnigan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Was the Second Defendant Driving with Proper Authority}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 ?
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 [10]}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The facts as I see them are these.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
The vehicle though registered in the name of the First Defendant was used freely by her husband for the purposes of his business.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
His employee was driving the vehicle that day and the clear suggestion is that this employee was permitted by either husband or wife or both to drive the vehicle.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 He felt he had authority to give the Second Defendant some driving practice while he himself was using the vehicle for an authorised journey from the husband}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s business to home and back.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 His employer}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s son was with him.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The son had previously driven the vehicle with the approval of one or other of the parents.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Nobody has given evidence that for some reason on this particular day neither mother nor father would have permitted something which they both had permitted previously.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 [11]}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Counsel for the Defendants invited me to make my decision by reference to }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Chandra v. Narain}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  Civil Appeal ABU0051 of 1996S judgment 14 November 1997 (FCA).}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
I do so, and ask myself the question, has the presumption of agency that arises from the relationship between the First Defendant and the Second Defendant and from the evidence about who had authority to drive the vehicle been rebutted by the Defendants?

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 [12]}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 There was no evidence from either Defendant that the First Defendant disapproved of the action of the husband}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s employee handing control of the vehicle to the son to do what the son had previously done in the vehicle with his parents}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  authority.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
The First Defendant simply stated over and over that on that day she did not give authority for that journey.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Had this collision not occurred, what does the evidence reveal she would have done about her son}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s driving the vehicle?}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Nothing.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Did she give evidence that she disapproved it?}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 No. Is there any evidence that her husband disapproved what his employee had done?}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 No.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Is there any evidence that either of them would have refused permission for the Second Defendant to drive the vehicle on that day when it was being driven between the business and the residence and back?}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 
 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 No.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
There is no evidence upon which to build any rebuttal of the presumption of agency.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 To the contrary, the Second Defend
ant was driving the vehicle to get supervised driving practice which was something that both his parents normally permitted him to do.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 I can only find that he was an authorised agent of the actual owner of the vehicle which may have been both his parents and of the registered owner who was his mother the First Defendant.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Conclusion
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 [13]}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Thus I must find on the merits that the Plaintiff}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
s claim in liability is made out against the First Defendant as well as the Second Defendant.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 My substantive judgment of 
11 August 2005 can only be affirmed.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 27.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 This is a case where the trial judge had the advantage of hearing and seeing the witnesses examined and cross-examined.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 It is not a case depending on inference to be drawn from admitted evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 While there are many leading cases of high authority on the point, in my opinion, the words of Lord Reid in the House of Lords in }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Benmax}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 v. Austin Motor Company Ltd}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  (1955) 1 All AER 326 at 328 and 329 are the most applicable to the present case and the judgment of Mr Justice Finnigan set out above.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Apart from the cases where appeal is expressly limited to questions of law, an appellant is entitled to appeal against any finding of the trial judge, whether it be a finding of law, a finding of fact or a finding involving both law and fact.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
But the trial judge has seen and heard from the witnesses, whereas the appeal court is denied that advantage and only has before it a written transcript of their evidence.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 No one would seek to minimise the advantage enjoyed by the trial jud
ge in determining any question whether a witness is, or is not, trying to tell what he believes to be the truth, and it is only in rare cases that an appeal court could be satisfied that the trial judge has reached a wrong decision about the credibility o
f a witness.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 But the advantage of seeing and hearing a witness goes beyond that.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }
{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The trial judge may be led to a conclusion about the reliability of a witness}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s memory or his powers of observation by material not available to an appeal court.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Evidence may read well in print but may be rightly discounted by the trial judge or, on the other hand, he may rightly attach importance to evidence which reads badly in print. Of course, the weight of the other evidence may be such as to show that the ju
dge must have formed a wrong impression, but an appeal court is, and should be, slow to reverse any finding which appears to be based on any such considerations.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 28.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 In my view Mr Justice Finnigan cannot be faulted on his analysis and conclusions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Thus not a case where an appeal court could have doubts about the correctness of the first instance finding on this point.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 In any event this point is only available on an appeal in the action in which the judge at first instance made the finding of fact.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 29.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 It should be noted that QBE Insurance (Fiji) Limited could have used their subrogation powers to ensure that an appeal by Mrs Nirmala Sharma was entered from Finnigan J}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s judgment to the Court of Appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 If Mrs Nirmala Sharma did not succeed in the Co
urt of Appeal there could have been an appeal by way of petition for special leave to the Supreme Court. No appeal was ever filed from Finnigan J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s judgment of 22nd August 2006.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
I consider below whether the intention of the statutory scheme under section 1
0 of the 1934 Act (in Fiji section 11 of Cap 177) was that the insurance company could refuse to pay the successful third party in the tort action, compelling an action by the third party against the insurer.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Further I consider below whether the insurer in such an action has }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
locus standi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
 under the statutory scheme to require the Court hearing the action by the third party against the insurer to act as an appeal against the findings of fact and law made in the tort action.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 30.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 It is not surprising that when
 the present proceedings in Civil Action No. HBM 27 of 2006 were heard at first instance before Mr Justice Jiten Singh, the insurer did not advance that Amitesh Sharma was uninsured under the policy because he had not been permitted to drive the vehicle b
y the insured person.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The insurer must have held the view that the }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 no authority}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
 issue on the facts of the case and of the hearing before Mr Justice Finnigan was unarguable.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 31.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The same position was taken in the Court of Appeal by the insurer.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 There was 
no argument advanced that Mr Justice Finnigan was wrong in concluding that Amitesh Sharma had been authorized or permitted to drive by his mother the insured person on 2nd April 1997.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 32.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The first time the insurer raised the }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 no authority}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  argument was i
n paragraph 7G(ii) of the Petition for Special Leave.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Neither then, nor in their written submissions did the insurer indicate that the point was neither raised nor dealt with at First Instance or in the Court of Appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Neither in the Petition nor in their
 written argument did the insurer refer to the findings of fact stated above by Mr Justice Finnigan or state that they were inviting the Supreme Court to overturn a judge}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s finding of fact in a new action when that judge had heard and seen the witnesses and then come to a well reasoned conclusion on the facts under consideration.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Neither in their Petition did the insurer refer to the fact that they had failed to use their powers to appeal the First Instance judgment in the tort action and the judgment of Finnigan J of 22nd August 2006.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 33.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The way in which appeal ground 7G(iii) is pleaded is further undesirable in another way.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 It states and I set it out in full}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 :}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 7(G)}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The Learned Justices of the Court of Appeal erred in failing to find that the Petitioner 
was entitled to avoid the Policy on the grounds of the following breaches:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 that the condition of the Policy was breached by the driver of the Motor Vehicle Registration No.CI 317 by contravening the provisions of his learner}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s permit}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 ;}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 the First 
Defendant in Civil Action No.223 of 1997 accepted that the driver of Motor Vehicle Registration No. CI 317 did not have her permission to drive the vehicle, in breach of Clause 6(b) of the Policy.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 34.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 But it had not been put to the Court of Appeal either in the Notice of Appeal or in the insurer}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s argument, that the Court of Appeal should firstly, find (contrary to Finnigan J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s express finding) that Amitesh Sharma was uninsured when driving without the permission of policy holder and insured person who was his mother.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Secondly, the Court of Appeal had never been invited to consider and find that Amitesh Sharma}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s non permission was a breach of 6(b) of the Policy, entitling the insurer to repudiate liability under the policy.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 So it is misleading to say}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 :}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 the Court of Appeal erred in failing to find (etc).}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 35.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Any pleader of grounds of appeal must}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1)\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 only include matters that are factually correct in stating a ground.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 2)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 where it is the case, state that he wishes to raise a new ground of appeal for}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 the first time in the Supreme Court of Fiji which is the Court of Final Appeal.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 3)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 state that in the tort action (which is part of the section 11 scheme) Mr Justice Finnigan had found as a fact that the insured had permitted and authorized the driving of 
the tortfeasor on 2nd April 1997 and that there had been no appeal from this finding.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 4)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Justice Finnigan had in finding the insured liable for her son}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
s tort found, in effect, Amitesh Sharma was insured under this policy.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Any pleader should have stated t
hat he wished the Court to overturn a final judgment based on a judge}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s finding of fact}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 :
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  the pleader should also have explained how a second chance in a new action to contest factual issues could arise within the statutory scheme.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 36.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 It should be clearly
 stated that the legal framework enacted in the United Kingdom in 1934 amending the 1930 legislation, provided a transparent scheme.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
It is a scheme in which, if the insurer wishes to intervene in the tort proceedings or in the question of the permission of authority of the tortfeasor to drive the vehicle he must do so in the tort proceedings.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
After all whether the owner is vicariously liable is the other side of the same coin as to whether the owner as insured policy holder is covered by insurance in respect of third party liability for the event or accident.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 If the insurer wishes to appeal he can use the powers of subrogation to do so.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The insurer did not appeal in this case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
The judgment of Finnigan J became final judgment on all the issues therein decided.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 37.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
These issues cannot be re raised if the insurer instead of paying out, requires the successful plaintiff in the tort proceedings to re engage with the same issues in his statutory claim and action against the insurer. After all the whole point of s
ection 10(2)(a) (In Fiji Cap 177 section 11(2)(a) ) is that the third party must give notice to the insurer of his action in tort within 7 days of its commencement.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 38.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 It is said Mrs Nirmala Sharma applied to reopen the case before Finnigan J because she did not wish execution against her property.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
But surely she and her solicitor knew that she was insured and that the Plaintiff had given notice to her insurers of his intention to have the insurer pay his damages under the statutory scheme.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 It is strange in any event that at this point the insurer was not openly involved in the tort proceedings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Surely theirs was the main interest to be served.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
If the owner was found not to have permitted her son to drive that would mean that his mother was not vicariously liable as a user.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
That would also mean that Amitesh Sharma was a lone uninsured tortfeasor.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The insurer would not be liable under the policy.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 39.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Since the evidence at trial on 7th August 2006 was so clear that Amitesh Sharma was accompanied and supervis
ed by the experienced Mahendra Raj, the following passages in report of insurance investigator Mr Panapasa Matailevu}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
s document of 15th August 1997 raise a lot of unanswered questions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 This, in the handwriting of Mr Matailevu, records Amitesh Sharma}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s answer to his questions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The following extracts are of interest}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Q2.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Can you explain as to how accident happened?
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 A2.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 I was driving our company van CI317 along Vomo Street on 2/4/97 at}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
about 5.45 p.m.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 I was travelling alone. \'85
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \'85
 As I had turned to Leonidas Street I heard a loud bang and I immediately stopped the truck to check what had happened.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
It was then that I realized that a Cyclist Ravinesh who was travelling on Vomo Street from the opposite direction had bumped the left side of the tray of the van.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 I saw that Ravinesh was hurt.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
My uncle namely Chetty arrived immediately after he then drove the van CI317 and we rushed Ravinesh to Lautoka hospital \'85
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \'85Q10.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Who is the owner of CI317?
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 A10.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 My mother Nirmala Sharma who is a Director with my father Jitendra}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Sharma of our family company United Coach Builders.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Q11.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Did your mother allow you to drive the van CI317?
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 A11.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Yeah.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \'85
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 ... Q14.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Was any licensed driver travelling with you?
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 A14.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 No.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Q15.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Was }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 L}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  plates displayed on the vehicle?
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 A15.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 No, since I was just coming from home back to our garage which is only a}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 very short distance.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 40.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 At trial we have three witnesses all swearing on oath that there were }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 two boys}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  in the cab at the time of the accident.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The three witnesses were Amitesh Sharma, Mrs Nirmala Sharma and the independent witness, the }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 jogger}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
 Mr Rajesh Kumar.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Presumably }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Chetty}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  is Mahendra Raj.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Ravinesh Prasad, the third party, is indeed fortunate that 
Chetty should be so psychic as to be able to turn up exactly at the moment an unpredictable accident happened so that Ravinesh Prasad could immediately be driven to hospital by him.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 If in fact Amitesh Sharma had been driving unsupervised -
\par would it have made any difference?
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 41.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 In the 1930 Road Traffic Act section 36(1) (which is section 6(1) in Fiji}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s Cap 177) it says}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 :
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 36 \endash 
 (1) In order to comply with the requirements of this Part of this Act, a policy of insurance must be a policy which \endash 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \'85
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Insures such persons or classes of persons as may be specified in the policy in respect of any liability which may be incurred by him or them in respect of the death of or bodily injury to any person caused by or arising out of the use of the vehicle on a
 road.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par The policy in this case defines the persons or classes of person insured as follows}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 6}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 . PERSONS OR CLASSES OF PERSONS ENTITLED TO DRIVE AND INSURED UNDER THIS POLICY}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4218881 {\insrsid11410066\charrsid4218881 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4218881 {\i\insrsid4218881\charrsid4218881 (a) }{\i\insrsid11410066\charrsid4218881 The Owner, and
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4218881 {\insrsid11410066\charrsid4218881 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4218881 {\i\insrsid4218881\charrsid4218881 (b) }{\i\insrsid11410066\charrsid4218881 Any person who is driving on the Owner's order or with his permission:

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4218881 {\insrsid11410066\charrsid4218881 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4218881 {\i\insrsid11410066\charrsid4218881 Provided that the person driving holds a licence permitting him to drive a motor vehicle \'85
 and is not disqualified for holding or obtaining such a licence."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4218881 {\insrsid11410066\charrsid4218881 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 42.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 So the driver, if he is driving with the permission of the owner and if he ho
lds a licence permitting him to drive is covered in respect of any bodily injury to any person caused by or arising out of the use of the vehicle on a road.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 43.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Whether it is a full licence or a learner}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
s licence it matters not that at the time of causing the bodily injury, the driver was committing a criminal offence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Whether the tortfeasor holds a full licence or a learner}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
s licence it is often the case that the licence holder commits the criminal offence of careless driving at the time when he causes the bodily injury to the third party.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 44.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The words in standard learner driver permits in Fiji are set out in paragraph 7.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
These provisos merely set out that in addition to all the other driving offences which the holder must or should not commit, there are two offences parasitic and unique to the holder of a learner driver}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s permit.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 These two offences are 1) driving unsupervised and 2)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 not displaying }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 L}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  plates.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
The words are in the Permit to draw the attention of the learner driver to these very relevant driving offences.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 45.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 It is to be noted that at no time in these two sets of civil proceedings under scrutiny has the fact the no }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 L Plates}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
 were displayed been mentioned.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
This is an offence on the part of Amitesh Sharma and it seems he was summoned in the Magistrates Court in respect of it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
The erroneous logic that an }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 L driver}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  is no longer a holder of a driving permit if he commits the offence of driving unsupervised must apply in the same way in respect of the offence of driving without displaying }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 L plates}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Yet this point is never taken by the insurer or by the owner of the vehicle.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 46.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
The position is that the commission of traffic offences by a tortfeasor driving on a public road has never been held to have the effect of removing or vitiating the insured owners permission to drive or of somehow making it that the driver does not }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 hold}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
 a valid driving licence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 This universal rule applies to }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 learner}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
 driver offences in the same way as it does to any other offences committed by drivers and to }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 L drivers}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  and to full licence holders in the same way.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 47.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
In the Civil Action against the insurer HBM 27 of 2006 the judgment of Mr Justice Jiten Singh was delivered in December 2007 with some minor errors corrected in a supplementary judgment in January 2008.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 48.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Justice Jiten Singh expressed skepticism}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 as to whether there was an arguable defence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 He said}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
The plaintiff has established that the judgment relied upon was against a person whose liability was covered by the terms of the policy.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The setting aside of the judgment will serve no purpose.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
On the material before me I remain unpersuaded that the insurance company even has an arguable defence let alone a defence which carries with it any degree of conviction or prospect of success.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 49.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Justice Jiten Singh was also critical about the points raised.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 He described it as }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 a disturbing argument}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 He said}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The defendant}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s arguments that the judgments of Justice Finnigan in Civil Action 223 of 1997 between }{
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Ravinesh Prasad}{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 v.}{
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Nirmala Sharma and Amitesh Kumar Sharma}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  are judgments i
n personam and therefore not binding on the insurance company cannot be sustained in the face of clear statutory obligation imposed on the insurance company under Motor Vehicles (Third Party Insurance) Act.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The insurance company is duty bound to pay the judgment sum to the plaintiff.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The plaintiff is asking for what he is statutorily entitled to under Section 11(1) of the Act.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 This is a disturbing argument by an insurance company to evade its statutory obligations.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 50.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Earlier in his judgment Mr Justice Jiten Singh had referred to the argument that Amitesh Sharma was not }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 holding}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
 a learners permit if he was driving without a qualified supervising driver and was alone in the vehicle.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
It is surprising perhaps that he described this argument as follows}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Im
pressive as this argument might appear on the face of it.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 51.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 An appeal by the insurer was heard on 14th February 2008 by Byrne JA (as he then was) Goundar JA and Hickie JA.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The judgment of 5th February 2009 is correct in dismissing the appeal but unfortunately there is an egregious error of fact and some matters of law where error crept in.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The error of fact arises from the following passage and the reference is to Mr Justice Finnigan}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s judgment of 11th August 2005 which commenced with striking out the defence and was wholly concerned with quantum of damages.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The passage in question is at paragraph 3 of the judgment of the Court and says}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 :}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 [3]}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The Judge found that on the 2nd of April 1997 the Respondent was riding his bicycle across the junction of Vomo
 Street and Leonidas Street when the 2nd Defendant, Amitesh Kumar Sharma, who although only a probationary driver was alone in his mother}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s car made a right-hand turn without giving any indication and collided with the Respondent and his bicycle.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The Judge
 held that he was satisfied that on the 4th of June 1997 Amitesh Kumar Sharma was convicted in the Magistrates Court of Careless Driving and was fined $30.00 in default 30 days imprisonment.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 52.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The true position is that Finnigan J only considered the unsupervised learners driver point on one occasion.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 That one occasion was at the hearing commencing 7th August 2006 which resulted in Finnigan J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s final ruling of 22nd August 2006.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 After considering 
the relevant evidence, which was overwhelming, Finnigan J found that Amitesh Sharma had been supervised while driving by Mahendra Raj.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 53.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The Court of Appeal however would seem to have taken the view, as Jiten Singh J had, that if Amitesh Sharma being a 
learner driver unsupervised by a qualified driver, the fact that this is one of two road traffic offences unique to learner drivers mentioned on the Learner Drivers Permit or licence, would have somehow meant that he was no longer }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 holding a driving licence}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 .
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 54.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 This legal point must be decided upon authoritatively.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
I have no doubt that the 1930 Road Traffic Act in the United Kingdom, which incidentally introduced driving tests and provisional driving licences for the first time, intended that provisional
 drivers would have to be insured on the same terms as those holding and driving upon a full driving licence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
The mischief which the legislature was dealing with was the liability in tort of negligent drivers who were also at the same time as injuring a third party, committing any of a larger number of (criminal) road traffic offences.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Although driving while unsupervised and driving without displaying }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 L plates}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 are only applicable to provisional licence holders, their effect when committed contemporaneousl
y have no impact on the societal need for tortfeasing drivers to hold or be covered by valid third party insurance policies.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Generally the only interaction of road traffic offences and negligent driving causing third party injury or death is only that if an offence, particularly that of }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 careless driving}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 is proved, it will render it more likely that the driver sued by the injured person will be found liable in tort.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 If insurance policies were allowed to stipulate that no indemnity would arise if the tortfe
asor was also committing a road traffic offence, the statutory scheme of the 1930 Road Traffic Act in the United Kingdom, let alone the scheme of the 1934 Act would never have been enacted in the form it was.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The Relevance of Section 10(3) of the 1934 Act (in Fiji section 11[3] of Cap 177)
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 55.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Some explanation is also required in respect of the complete non-applicability of section 10(3) of the 1934 Act (section 11[3] in Fiji Cap 177) on the facts of this case.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 56.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 I have referred to this aspect of the statutory scheme in paragraphs 4 and 5 of this judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Section 11(3) refers to proposers for motor insurance who have failed to answer material questions contained in the proposal form accurately or truthfully.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 57.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The following was said in Jiten Singh J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s judgment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The investigator}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s interview was conducted on 15th August 1997.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The insurance company had the necessary information with it to seek declaration from the court that it was entitled to avoid the po
licy under the provisions of Section 11(3) of the Act.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
The insurance company did not do this and is now coming ten years later to obtain the same result.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 58.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The same matters concerning section 11(3) are discussed in the Court of Appeal judgment.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 I refer to paragraphs 13 \endash  15 inclusive}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 :}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 [13]}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Section 11(3) of the Act allows an insurer to obtain a declaration from the Court that, apart from any provision contained in the insurance policy, the insurance company is entitled to avoid it on the ground that it
 was obtained by the non-disclosure of a material fact or by a representation of fact which was false in a material particular.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 [14]}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The Investigator}{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s Interview}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The insurance company}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s investigators interviewed Amitesh Kumar on the 15th of August 1997.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Singh J found that the Insurance company then had the necessary information with it to seek a declaration from the Court that it was entitled to avoid the policy.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 It failed to do so but, as the Judge remarked }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 is now coming ten years later to obtain the same result}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 [15]}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 In the view of this Court this is a clear example of estoppels by conduct.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 59.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The matter being referred to as coming under section 11(3) is the statement attributed to Amitesh Sharma by insurance investigator Mr Panapasa Matailevu on 15th August 1997.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 It refers (again) to the allegation that Amitesh Sharma was driving unsupervised with no one else in the vehicle.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 60.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 I set out section 11(3) of the Motor Vehicles Third Party Insurance Act Cap 177:
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 (3) No sum shall be payable by an approved insurance company under the provisions of this section if, in an action commenced before or w
ithin 3 months after the commencement of the proceedings in which the judgment was given, the insurance company has obtained a declaration that, apart from any provision contained in the policy, the insurance company is entitled to avoid it on the ground 
t
hat it was obtained by the non-disclosure of a material fact or by a representation of fact which was false in a material particular or if the company has avoided the policy on the ground that it was entitled to do so apart from any provision contained in
 it}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 :}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Provided that an insurance company which has obtained such a declaration in an action shall not thereby be entitled to the benefit of the provisions of this subsection in respect of any judgment obtained in any proceedings commenced before the commenc
ement of that actions unless, before or within 7 days after the commencement of that action, it has given notice thereof to the person who is plaintiff in the action under the policy specifying the non-disclosure or false representation on which it propos
es to rely and that it intends to seek a declaration and any person to whom notice of such action is given may, if he desires, be made a party thereto.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 61.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 There is no doubt that the language used 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 a declaration that \'85
 the insurance company is entitled to avoid [the policy] on the ground that it was obtained by the non-disclosure of a material or by a representation of fact which was false in a material particular \'85}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par is the language used of contracts that may be wholly avoided on account of material innocent or fraudulent misrepresentation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
In insurance contracts this refers to questions and answers in the proposal form.
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 62.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 For two reasons I conclude that the meaning of the above language refers to the proposal form and matters antecedent to formation of the insurance contract.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 These are:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 (1) the statutory language is}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 very clear that it refers to pre contract matters}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 (2) the leading case of }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Zurich General Accident and Liability Insurance}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Company Limited v. Morrison}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  (1942) 1 All AER 529 at 540 EF per Goddard LJ as}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 he then was,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 states this in express terms}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
It is not surprising, therefore, that by 1934 Parliament interfered, and, by the Road Traffic Act, 1934, s10, took steps towards remedying a position which to a great extent nullified the protection that compulsory insurance was intended to afford.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Generally speaking, sect.10 was designed to prevent conditions in policies from defeating the rights of third par
ties; but insurers were still allowed to repudiate policies obtained by misrepresentation or non-disclosure of material facts.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
This right, however, was made subject to certain conditions and restrictions contained in sect.10(3).}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 It seems to me that what th
e legislature had in mind was that, if an insurer was intending to repudiate a policy, it was only fair that the injured third party should know the grounds on which repudiation was sought before he went to the expense of endeavouring to establish his cla
im against the insured, who, if not entitled to indemnity, might be unable to satisfy a judgment.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 63.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  Nothing at all in Mr Matailevu}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s evidence refe
rs in any way to the proposal form which must have been signed by Mrs Nirmala Sharma prior to the issue of the policy.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
That proposal form has never been produced or relied on by the insurer in any proceedings in or connected to this case.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 64.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 It follows that the references to section 11(3) by Jiten Singh J and the Court of Appeal are misconceived.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 65.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
If there had been a section 11(3) application, by the insurer there are two applicable time limits which are required to be complied with.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Against the insured the insurer has three months from the commencement of the tort proceedings against the insured or his driver.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Against the third party the insurer has to give Notice within seven days from the commencement of third party}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s action against the tortfeasor setting out the particulars to be relied by the insurer against the insured person(s).
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 66.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
So if QBE Insurance (Fiji) Limited failed to give Ravinesh Prasad statutory notice of alleged misrepresentations relied on against Mrs Nirmala Sharma in her proposal
 form within 7 days of the Issue of the Writ in HCA 223 of 1997 by Ravinesh Prasad against Mrs Nirmala Sharma and Amitesh Kumar Sharma, it could not ever rely on a finding in its declaration action that the contract be avoided against Mrs Nirmala Sharma, 
against the injured third party Ravinesh Prasad.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 67.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The insurance companies reliance on section 11(3) in this case was wholly invalid.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 But if it had been valid, once the seven day notice period to Ravinesh Prasad had passed, it could not even be relied on by the insurance company against him.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Once the three months notice period from the issuing of the Writ in HCA 223 of 1997 had passed, it could not ever be relied upon against the insured Mrs Nirmala Sharma.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Trying to raise section 11(3) matters in HCA No. HBM 27 of 2006 was always totally unarguable and an abuse of process.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 There was no need to rely on }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 estoppel by conduct}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  as the Court of Appeal did.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The Section 10 scheme}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 ;}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
 are points finally decided in the tortfeasor}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s action able to be re-litigated in the third party}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 '}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 s action against the insurer}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 ?
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 68.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The insurer has now taken five years in litigating two factual issues decided against their interest in 2006 by Mr Justice Finnigan.}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Using their rights of subrogation they could have appealed HCA 223 of 1997 to the Court of Appeal and then to the Supreme Court.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 In referring to two factual issues I am referring to the unsupervised driving issue and the authority/permission for Amitesh Sh
arma to drive issue.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 69.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
The 1930 United Kingdom statutory scheme of compulsory third party insurance supplemented by the 1934 United Kingdom supplementary provision of the section 10 (section 11 in Fiji) statutory scheme of prioritising third parties rig
hts and giving third parties a direct non contractual right to recover from the insurers is long established law applicable in Fiji.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
There is no doubt that when the third party issues his writ to the tortfeasor and/or the insured and gives the statutory no
tice required by section 10(2) of the 1934 Act (section 11(2) in Cap 177 in Fiji) the insurance company is locked in to operating the statutory scheme.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Once the event injuring or killing the third party has occurred it is too late to cancel the liability for breach of condition.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 So the options for the insurer are limited.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
The insurer may operate the section 11(3) escape route and get out the proposal form from the file.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
An inspection of that usually shows that there is nothing to support going down this route.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
This leaves three things for the insurer using subrogation powers as required to investigate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Firstly, investigation of the event may show no negligence on the part of the insured or his permitted driver and/or it may show contributory negligence on the part of the third party.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Secondly, as explained in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Sun Insurance Company Limited v. Mukesh Chandra}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  a Court of Appeal decision in Civil Action No.ABU 0031 of 2009 handed down on 18th March 2011, the insurer may investigate whether the tortfeasor has ever 
held a valid driving licence and whether (at the time of the event) he was disqualified from holding or obtaining a valid driving licence by order of a Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Thirdly the insurer may investigate whether the vehicle was being used by the owner when a person other than the owner was driving at the time of the event}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 ;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  that is to say they can investigate whether the owner permitted and authorised the alleged tortfeasor to drive the vehicle.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 70.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 If the insurer using his powers of subrogation in the tort action h
ave taken one or more of these issues to Court and the First Instance Judge is against them on all or any matter, they can appeal on fact and law to the Court of Appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 If they fail there, the insurer may appeal to the Supreme Court by petition for special leave.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 71.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
If all these issues end in failure for the insurer in the Supreme Court or the insurer fail to appeal, these issues reach the end of the road}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 ;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  the insurer cannot raise them by refusing to pay the third party and then re raise these issues whe
n the third party employs section 10(1) (which is section 11(1) in Fiji Cap 177) in proceedings to obtain his damages.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 72.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 It follows that Mr Justice Jiten Singh at first instance and the Court of Appeal erred in hearing, insofar as they did hear, the iss
ues of not holding a driving licence and the driver not having permission or authority to drive at the time of the event.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 73.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Because the insurer who has been given notice of the Court proceedings, fails to operate the statutory scheme when the third part
y is obliged to sue the tortfeasor and/or the insured, does not change the position in any way.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Once these issues are decided the insurer has no }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 locus standi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
 to re raise them in an action by the third party against it because the insurer has not paid the damages, interest or costs, than if the insurer had been a party to the tort proceedings.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 74.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 There was one play that the insurer by refusing liability and manipulating the third party to sue it can make.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 In that action it used to be the case in Fiji, that
 the insurer could raise breach of a condition of the insurance policy on the part of the owner and/or driver who were using the vehicle on a public road at the time of the event.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 I now turn to that matter.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The position when the insurer claims that at the time of the event the insured was in breach of a condition in the insurance policy and out of cover
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 75.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 In the present policy the following are conditions which bind the owner and his permitted driver(s)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 CONDITIONS
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The person insured shall not use the motor vehicle nor shall owner permit or suffer any person to use such motor vehicle \endash 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 whilst such motor vehicle is in an unsafe condition}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 to convey any load in excess of that for which it was constructed}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 to carry passengers for the hire or reward or in pursuance of a contract of employment in contravention of the license issued for the vehicle described herein }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 whilst any such person is aforesaid 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 is under the influence of intoxicating liquor, or}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 is as a result of age or some physical or mental condition rendered incapable of driving such vehicle with safety
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
The Insurer may, at any time by giving written notice to the Owner cancel this Policy Notice of cancellation may be delivered personally or posted to the Owner at the address last notified to the Insurer. After cancellation as aforesaid the Insurer will, 
on delivery of the Policy and Certificate to the Insurer, refund the Owner the amount of unearned premium, calculated on a pro rata basis.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 76.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Insurance companies may include further conditions in other parts of the text of the policy.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 77.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 It will be seen that there are no breaches of these express conditions committed by the insured Mrs Nirmala Sharma and/or her permitted driver.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 78.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 At the oral hearing of this petition on 13th October 2010, Mr Faizal Hanif for QBE Insurance (Fiji) Limited was pressed b
y the Court to say whether he was relying on any breaches of condition and if he was able to identify such condition.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
His response was to refer to the allegation that Amitesh Sharma had been driving alone and unsupervised at the time of the accident on 2nd April 1997.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
When pointed out that Mr Justice Finnigan had heard the witnesses, and decided to the contrary, from which finding of fact there had been no appeal, Mr Faizal Hanif could not identify any other alleged breach of condition.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Earlier in this judg
ment I have explained why driving unsupervised would amount to a criminal offence but not to breach of a condition of the policy.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 79.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 In paragraph 3 above it is observed that when this case was heard on 13th October 2010 the judgment in }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Sun Insurance}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 v.}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Pranish Prakash Chand}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 (supra)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  had not yet been delivered.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 80.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
So if there had indeed been a breach of a condition of the policy alleged it would have been a matter of public importance requiring the grant of special leave.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 All the important issues decided on 15th October 2010 in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Sun Insurance}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 v.}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Pranish Prakash Chand}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  were at large on 13th October 2010.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 81.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The result of }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Sun Insurance v.}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Pranish Prakash Chand}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
 is that the statutory framework has been fully explained.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 So far as breaches of condition are conc
erned the scheme of Section 10 relegates them to an action by the insurer against the insured person in breach of any material condition.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
In the scheme the third party is entitled to recover his damages directly from the insurer.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 In the case of }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Sun Insurance}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 v.}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Pranish Prakash Chand}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
, the tortfeasor was alleged to be carrying a passenger in his vehicle for hire or reward.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
The Supreme Court explained the proper interpretation of the statutory scheme.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Sun Insurance could have recourse to recover what it had be
en ordered to pay to Pranish Prakash Chand from the insured.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
But under the scheme, the third party had to be paid out in full the amount he had been awarded in his action against the tortfeasor and the insured.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 It was }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 nihil ad rem }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 that the insured through 
the driver was in breach of a condition of her policy.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 82.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 On 13th October 2010, in the present case, these points were undecided.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 But, in fact, none of the issues purporting to be grounds of appeal in this case, raised the issues relating to breach by the insured or her driver of the conditions in the insurance policy.

\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Should Special Leave be Granted or Refused}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 ?
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 83.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
In my opinion all the issues raised by the insurer and appealed to this Court were unarguable when Mr Justice Finnigan found the facts as he did.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Their only remedy was to use their powers of subrogation to have Mrs Nirmala Sharma appeal until finality on the issues found by Mr Justice Finningan.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 84.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 A young person aged 17 and badly injured at the time of the accident on 2nd April 1997 has had to wait about 14 years for his damages.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 These hopeless appeals verging upon abuse of process have taken time.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
It has been a little more than 5 years since QBE Insurance (Fiji) Limited decided to decline liability though under the statutory scheme they were clearly liable to pay the damages.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Declining liability forced Ravinesh Prasad to take proceedings in Civil Action No.HBM 27 of 2006 which}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 terminate with the handing down of this judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 85.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 While the law is that in civil cases hopeless appeals can be pursued to finality, those instructed to act in such cases have to be careful not to mislead the Court.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 In this case I have commented above on the undesirability of pleading in the way Paragraph 7G(ii) has been pleaded.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Both the statement that the Court of Appeal had heard but failed to find on the issue of permission to drive, and the failure to state that this was a new ground of appeal now raised for the first time in the Supreme Court were misleading.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The Supreme Court must be in position to know truly the state of the facts, the issues and the Grounds of Appeal.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Should this occur in the future, Counsel may find that the matter is referred to the Legal Services Commission.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 86.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
In my view this petition for special leave should be refused and costs of the petition assessed at $6,000 should be ordered to be paid by QBE Insurance (Fiji) Limited (the Petitioner) to Ravine
sh Prasad in respect his costs in opposing this Petition for Special Leave.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
I propose also that interest at 8 percent on the damages awarded by Finnigan J be ordered to be paid by the Petitioner from 16th August 2005 until payment of these damages to the Respondent.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Justice William Calanchini
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 87.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 I agree with the reasons and the conclusions of Justice William Marshall.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 88.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 On the question of interest I would adopt with respect the comments of the Court of Appeal in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
John Edward Byrne and Another v. J S Hill & Associates Ltd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  (unreported Civil Appeal No 33 of 1993 delivered on 19 August 1994) at page 26:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Section 22 (1) of the High Court Act Cap 13 provides for the statutes of general application which were in force in England on 2 January 1875 to be in force in Fiji.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The Judgments Act 1838 was such an Act.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Its application to Fiji has not been repealed or varied by legislation.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Section 3 of the Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions Death and Interest) Act Cap 27 gives th
e Courts a discretion as to the rate of interest to be awarded in respect of the period between when the cause of action arose and the date of judgment; but it contains no provision in respect of interest after judgment.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Section 17 of the English Act is still the only one that does so.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Its provisions are mandatory.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 89.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Section 22 (1) states:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
The common law, the rules of equity and the statutes of general application which were in force in England at the date when Fiji obtained a local legislature, that 
is to say, on the second day of January, 1875, shall be in force within Fiji subject to the provisions of section 24 of this Act.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par For the purpose of the present proceedings section 24 limits the application of statutes of general application extended to 
Fiji to circumstances where the application of a particular English statute has not been replaced, repealed or varied by the Parliament of Fiji.
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 90.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Section 17 of the Judgments Act 1838, as it was originally enacted, provided:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
And be it enacted, that every Judgment Debt shall carry interest at the rate of Four Pounds per Centum per Annum from the Time of entering up the Judgment \'85
 until the same shall be satisfied, and such interest may be levied under a Writ of Execution on such Judgment.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 91.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The present form of section 17 of the Judgments Act 1838 provides:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 (1)}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Every judgment debt shall carry interest at the rate of eight pounds per centum per annum from such time as shall be prescribed by rules of court until the same shall be satisfied and such interest may be levied under a writ of execution on such judgment

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 (2)}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Rules of court may provide for the court to disallow all or part of any interest otherwise payable under subsection (1).}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 92.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Under section 17 the amount of interest payable was stated to be 4%.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
That amount had been increased to 10% pursuant to a number of statutory orders up to 1977 but was then reduced to 8% in 1983.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 93.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 In }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Suresh Sushil Chandra Charan and Another v. Suva City Council}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  (unreported Civil Appeal No. 12 of 1989 delivered on 27 October 1989) the Court of Appeal stated that subsequent revisions of the rate of 4% have no application to Fiji.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The Court of Appeal in the }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Byrne}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  case (supra) adopted a similar approach to the legislation and again considered 4% to be the appropriate rate.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 94.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
However in my judgment section 9 of the Interpretation Act Cap 7 (as amended) has the effect of extending the application of the revised rates of interest to Fiji.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Section 9 states:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
A reference in any written law to 
any imperial enactment or to any applied Act, or to any provision, part or decision thereof, shall, unless a contrary intention appears, be construed as a reference to the same as the same may be amended from time to time and as a reference to any such im
perial enactment or applied Act, or to any provision, part or division thereof, submitted therefore, if such amendment or substitution extends or applies to Fiji.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 95.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 In the absence of any provision on post judgment interest in any written law in Fiji it 
can be implied that not only does the Judgments Act 1838 still apply, but, as a result of section 9, so do any amendments to the Act in the form of interest rate revisions made from time to time.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 96.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 There is now accepted to be a presumption that if the provisions of applied}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 legislation are to be fixed as at the date to which reference is made in the referring written law, this should be spelled out in the written law.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 (See }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Switzerland Insurance Australia Ltd v. Mowie Fisheries Ltd}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  144 CLR 234).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 There is 
no reason why this presumption should not be applied to the task of clarifying any ambiguity that may arise when determining the scope of section 9.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 97.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 In my judgment the purpose of the reference to 2 January 1875 in section 22 (1) of the High Court Act 
was to provide a point of reference in the sense that it was the date fixed for determining which statutes of general application were to be in force in Fiji.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 It does not necessarily follow that, just because Fiji has not introduced legislation on post jud
gment interest since that date, that subsequent changes to the Judgments Act 1838 are not to be part of the statute law in force in Fiji.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
As Beaumont J (dissenting) in the }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Switzerland Insurance}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  case (supra) at page 246 said:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \'85
 there is still a presumption at common law that legislation should be given an }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 updating}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066  construction.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 It is presumed that parliament intends the court to apply to an on-going Act a construction that continuously }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 updates}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
 its wording to allow for changes since the Act was initially framed.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 98.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
It should be noted that section 22 does not expressly say that the statutes of general application in force as at 2 January 1875 will remain in force or fixed in the form they took on 2 January 1875.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 In the absence of such an express specification in secti
on 22, the presumption now applied is that the legislature intended the reference to be ambulatory in the sense that it included amendments.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 It could not reasonably be expected that the intention of section 22 was that part of the statute law of Fiji shoul
d remain fixed or locked into the form it took in 1875 and thereby not be updated as and when subsequent amendments or changes were made to those statutes.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 99.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 As a result I have concluded that interest is payable at the rate of 8% on the judgment debt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The date upon which the debt became due and payable is the date of entry of the judgment which appears to be 16 August 2005.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The interest which accrues on the judgment accrues until the judgment is paid by virtue of the statutory provisions which have already been discussed.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 It is not discretionary and is automatically included in the amount for which execution may be levied.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The interest rate of 6% awarded by the learned trial judge under section 3 of the Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions Death and Inter
est) Act Cap 27 has been included in the amount of the judgment debt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
The post judgment rate of 8% is payable on that amount from 16 August 2005 to the date of payment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Anthony Gates, President}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 ORDERS OF THE COURT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 100.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 The orders of this Court are}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \s17\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 that the Petition for Special Leave of the Petitioner (QBE Insurance [Fiji] Limited) be refused.
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \s17\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
that the Petitioner (QBE Insurance [Fiji] Limited) pay costs to the Respondent, Ravinesh Prasad in respect of his costs incurred in responding to this Petition assessed at $6,000.
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}}\pard \s17\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11410066 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
that the Petitioner (QBE Insurance [Fiji] Limited) pay interest on the damages in the sum of $94,925 at 8 percent from 16th August 2005 (being the date of the judgment of Finnigan J in respect thereof) until the date of p
ayment to the Respondent Ravinesh Prasad.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Hon. Chief Justice Anthony Gates
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 President of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Hon. Justice William Marshall
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Justice of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 Hon. Justice William Calanchini
\par }\pard\plain \s17\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11410066 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
Justice of the Supreme Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11410066\charrsid11410066 
\par }}