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\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2177427\charrsid13312814 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI ISLANDS}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2177427\charrsid13312814 AT SUVA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2177427 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2177427\charrsid13312814 CIVIL APPEAL NO. CBV0009 of 2010}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2177427\charrsid13312814 (Fiji Court of Appeal No. ABU003 of 2009)
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2177427\charrsid13312814 BETWEEN:
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2177427\charrsid13312814 GANGA GOUNDER}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 Petitioner}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2177427\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2177427\charrsid13312814 AND:
\par }\pard\plain \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 

\par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2177427\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 PETER MURR
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2177427\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Respondent
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Coram:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2177427\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The Hon }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4813867\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Justice Anthony Gates, Chief Justice}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10176490\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4813867\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The Hon Justice Sale\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 em Marsoof, Judge }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2177427\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 of Supreme Court}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4813867\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2177427\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The Hon Justice }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4522503\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Sathyaa Hettige}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2177427\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , Judge of Supreme Court\line 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2177427\charrsid13312814 Hearing:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2177427\charrsid13312814  Thursday, }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1402204\charrsid13312814 4th August }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2177427\charrsid13312814 2011, Suva}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2177427 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2177427\charrsid13312814 Counsel:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid13312814  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2177427\charrsid13312814 Mr. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid9721948\charrsid13312814 D.S. Naidu for }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5975968\charrsid13312814 Petitioner}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid4588803\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2177427\charrsid13312814 Mr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid3605504\charrsid13312814 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid10176490\charrsid13312814  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid9721948\charrsid13312814 Q.B}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2177427\charrsid13312814 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid9721948\charrsid13312814  Bale for }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5975968\charrsid13312814 Respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2177427 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2177427\charrsid13312814 Date of Judgment:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid13312814  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2177427\charrsid13312814 Friday}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1402204\charrsid13312814 ,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2177427\charrsid13312814  12}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1402204\charrsid13312814 th }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2177427\charrsid13312814 August 2011, Suva
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3417203\charrsid13312814 
\par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3417203\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3170891\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3170891\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3170891\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 This is an }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11142896\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 application for special leave to }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3170891\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 appeal against the decision of the Court of Appeal }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9444124\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
dated 21\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 st\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  October 2010\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3170891\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (Byrne }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10176490\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 AP}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3170891\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10176490\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Inoke}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3170891\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  JA, and }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10176490\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Calanchini }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3170891\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 JA) which }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4614959\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 reversed }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3170891\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
the judgment of the High Court sitting in Lautoka (}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10176490\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Finnigan J.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3170891\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ) that t\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he action instituted by the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5320457\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Respondent}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3170891\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10176490\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Peter Murr,}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3170891\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  against}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10176490\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  his landlord, Ganga Gounder, }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3170891\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 claiming damages for }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9448752\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 negligence, }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3170891\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 should stand dismissed. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15684866\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
The Court of Appeal found that the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Petitioner }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15684866\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
had acted in breach of }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10488371\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15684866\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 non-d}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10488371\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15684866\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 l}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10488371\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15684866\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 gable}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10488371\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15684866\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 duty}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10488371\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  of care he owed hi\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
s tenant and had also been in breach of his statutory obligations, for the enforcement of which the Respondent had a private right of action, and awarded the Respondent }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4152332\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 an aggregate sum of $77}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11296662\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4152332\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 571.12 by way of damages, which included }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10488371\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 $73,636.00 }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4152332\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 being the v\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 alue of the property and personal effects of the Respondent and his family }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7743179\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 which had been }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4152332\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
lost in the fire that gutted the premises on 18\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  August 2006, and $3,935.12 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7743179\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
as special damages, being the cost of the temporary }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4152332\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 alternative accommodation }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7743179\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 for the Res\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 pondent and his family immediately after the fire.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4614959\charrsid13312814 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6881853\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The Claim\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  and its factual background}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6881853 
\par }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4614959\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4614959\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Respondent, who was the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15687706\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 nominated-}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4614959\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 tenant of the premises let to hi}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15687706\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s employer Downer Construction (Fiji) Ltd., }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627016\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (hereinafter referred to as }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627016\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Downer Corporation}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627016\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ) }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15687706\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 by }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4614959\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4588803\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Petitioner}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4614959\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
, claimed on three causes of action based on the alleged negligent failure of the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Petitioner }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4614959\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15687706\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
discharge his contractual obligations undertaken by clauses 10, 1}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10488371\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 2}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15687706\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  and 1}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10488371\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 3}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15687706\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 of the Agreements dated 3\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 rd\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  November 2004 (B2) and 16\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  March 2006 (B4) \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 entered between the }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Petitioner }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15687706\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
and the employer of the Respondent. These agreements were couched in similar language, with identical obligations, except that the first of the}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7743179\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 se }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15687706\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 was for the period 15\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  November 2004 }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627016\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to 14\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  March 2006 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12325803\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 at a monthly rental of\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  $2100.00 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15687706\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15687706\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 first }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910911\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Tenancy }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15687706\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Agreement}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15687706\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ) and the second was for the period}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627016\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  15
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  March 2006 to 14\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  March 2008 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12325803\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
at a monthly rental of $2400.00 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627016\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627016\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 second }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910911\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Tenancy }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627016\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Agreement}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627016\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ).}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15687706\charrsid13312814 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627016\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627016\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Both Agreements had been signed respectively by the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Petitioner}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627016\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s Landlord and the Re\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
spondent as Tenant, and although the latter had placed his signature }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627016\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 for Downer Corporation}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627016\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
, the purpose of the agreement was to provide residential facilities for the Respondent, who was entitled to the same in terms of his contract of employment with D\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 owner Corporation. }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12325803\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 There was no dispute that as the beneficiary of the said agreements, the Respondent was entitled to sue on the Agreements.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7627016\charrsid13312814 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12325803\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12325803\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Apart from clauses 10, 1}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid556137\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 2}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12325803\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  and 1}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid556137\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 3}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12325803\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  which formed the basis for the three causes of action on which the Respondent sue\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 d, another clause that }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7743179\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 was referred to }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12325803\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
in the original court and in appellate proceedings was clause 11 that dealt with the obligation to insure the premises. The }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid556137\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 said }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12325803\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 clauses provided as follows:-}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4614959\charrsid13312814 
\par }\pard \ql \li660\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin660\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12325803\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (10}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3605504\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ) The tenant, paying the rent hereby reserved and per\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
forming and covenants and provisions herein expressed or implied and on the part of the tenant to be observed and performed the tenant shall have quiet enjoyment of the said premises throughout the term hereby created without any interruption or disturban
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 c\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e by the landlord or any one lawfully claiming by through under or in trust }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1789304\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 of the landlord.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12325803 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12325803\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (11) The Landlord agrees to keep insured}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1789304\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 to the full insurable value at all times during the term of tenancy of the building and shall punctually pay all premium f\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 or keeping the insurance current.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12325803 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12325803\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (12) }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11630320\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 To comply with the lawful requirements}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1789304\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 in respect of the said premises of the Nadi Rural Local Authority or the Public Health or Local Authorities save in as much as such compliance may be imposed by the said Authorit\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ies on the Tenant.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12325803 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11630320\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (13) To keep the said premises in good order and conditions and repair saves in as much such obligation as met be herein imposed upon the Tenant.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11630320\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11630320 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6881853\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The Causes of Action}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6881853 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid556137\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid556137\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 T\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he three causes of action upon which the Respondent instituted acti\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
on were set out in paragraph 19 of the Statement of Claim, in the following terms:-}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid556137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid556137\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
That the Defendant (now Appellant) breached his contractual obligations under the Tenancy Agreement in respect of the premises}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8276557\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 -}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid556137\charrsid13312814 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 
\par }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid556137\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 First Cause of Action \hich\f0 \endash }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12325803 
\par }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6367569\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a) }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid556137\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 by negligent\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
ly failing}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1789304\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  to ensure that nothing will happen throughout the term of the tenancy to interrupt or disturb the Plaintiff}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1789304\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s peaceful occupation of the premises;}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid556137 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 
\par }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid556137\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Second\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  Cause of Action \hich\f0 \endash }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid556137 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6367569\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 b) }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid556137\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 by negligently failing}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1789304\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  to keep the premises in good order and conditio\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ns and repair throughout the term of the tenancy;}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 
\par 
\par }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid556137\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Third \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Cause of Action \hich\f0 \endash }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid556137 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6367569\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 c) }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5258950\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 by}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid556137\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  negligently failing to comply with}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1789304\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 the lawful requirements of regulation 47 of the Electricity Regulations made under the Electricity Act, cap 180.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid556137 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15860302\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 It appeared from paragraph \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
19 of the Statement of Claim that the aforesaid first cause of action was based on clause 10 of the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4920003\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Second Tenancy }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15860302\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Agreement, while the second was based on clause 13 and the third on clause 12 of the }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4920003\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 said Tenancy }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15860302\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Agreement.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15860302 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6881853\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The Trial}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12728025\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  and the Judgment of 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the High Court}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12728025 
\par }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12728025\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 6.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12728025\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 It is necessary to note at the outset that the High Court}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9444124\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  of Fiji h}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15165769\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 eld}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9444124\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 in Lautoka in its judgment dated 8\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  December 2008,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12728025\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 treated the three causes of action on which the Respondent}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12728025\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
s claim was based as in reality only two. In paragraph 30 o\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
f its judgment, the Court observed that the Respondent has not based his claim on the tort of negligence, and went on to analyze his claim into two causes of action, the first of which was the Landlord}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12728025\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s breach of duty of care under his tenancy contract (w
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 hich would encompass the first and second causes of action as spelt out in paragraph 19 of the Statement of Claim) and the second, }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12728025\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 negligence proved by breach of statutory duty, into which tort principles are imported.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12728025 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12728025\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 7.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12728025\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 At the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3685593\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 trial}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12728025\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3685593\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the Respondent himse\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 lf
}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7745307\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8276557\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the Respondent}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8276557\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s wife Mrs Hinemua Evelyn Murr, }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7745307\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the family house girl Titilia Colaiwau}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8276557\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  and }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7745307\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the Fiji Electrical Authority (FEA) Installation Inspection Co-ordinator }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962317\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Kitione Malugulevu }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3685593\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 testified on behalf of the Respondent, and the }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Petitioner }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3685593\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 also gave ev\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
idence on his own behalf}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10512868\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16721065\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Titilia}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10512868\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  Colaiwau}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16721065\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
, who was the only occupant of the house at the time of the occur}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10512868\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16721065\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 nce of the fire, and whose testimony was accepted by Court to be most reliable, stated in evidence that at first she heard an explosion }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10512868\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 and then she\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16721065\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 observed that some ash had fallen on to the dining table}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10512868\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . She further testified that she }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16721065\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
then saw that smoke was coming from the bedroom}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10512868\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 shown as the No. 2 bedroom in the plan of the house produced as Exhibit P1. She noticed thereafter that the air condit\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ioning box}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 for bedroom No. 2 was on fire.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10512868 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6557507\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 8.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6557507\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2314861\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 FEA Inspection Co-ordinantor }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10512868\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Malugulevu }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6557507\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 stated in his evidence t}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2314861\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 hat the premises had been }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3020295\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 inspected on 10
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  November 2004 pursuant to a}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6557507\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  notification and }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3020295\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 application for a FEA Permit dated 23\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 rd\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  April 2004}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6557507\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  made \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 by the}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10823820\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  Appellant}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10823820\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6557507\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Electrical Contractor, A.H. Electrical, Nadi, and Permit No. 228044 for 70 lights and 25 power points, had been issued authorizing the connection on the basis that }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3020295\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the single-phase wiring }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6557507\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 carried out }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3020295\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on the premises complied with FEA Reg\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ulations and Standards}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6557507\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  and were adequ}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ate for the said installations.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223131 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6557507\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 9.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6557507\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 However, }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10823820\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 it is common ground that }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6557507\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 after the commencement of the tenancy on 15\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  November 2004, two air conditioners were installed }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15860302\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 by the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Petitioner}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4748254\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6557507\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on the premises }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910911\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 during the term of th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e first Tenancy Agreement, and two more air conditioners had been added }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15860302\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 by the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Petitioner }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910911\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 during second Tenancy Agreement}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6323174\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 in pursuance of the undertaking given by the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Petitioner }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6323174\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 at the time of entering into the said agreements.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10823820\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 From the testimony of the I\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 nspection Co-ordinator it became clear that these additional installations were }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid211563\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 made}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid211563\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
without any further notification to, or certification by, the Fiji Electrical Authority (FEA) and in breach of Regulation 47(1) of the Electricity Regulations made under \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the Electricity Act (Cap. 180)}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9045890 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9045890\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 10.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9045890\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
The Inspection Co-ordinator has testified that the maximum load permitted by FEA standards for single phase wiring was 55 amps, which load was not exceeded at the time of the initial and only FEA inspection on 10\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  November\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 2004 prior to the commencement of the first Tenancy Agreement, but the progressive installation of 4 air conditioners during the tenure of the two Tenancy Agreements had brought the load up to 70 amps}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid211563\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  without converting the wiring into a three-phase syste\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 m to absorb the additional electrical load.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10902107 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9045890\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 11.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9045890\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 On th}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12728025\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e basis of the evidence elicited at the trial, 
}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9045890\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the High Court concluded }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2047601\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
in paragraph 38 of its judgment }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9045890\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 that the single-phase wiring approved }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12728025\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 initially }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9045890\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 for the premises became }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9045890\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 inadequate and in danger of ov\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 erload}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12728025\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6881853\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2047601\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The Court }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6881853\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 also }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10823820\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 accepted }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13395766\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12333005\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 observation of the National Fire Authority of Fiji contained in its letter dated 21\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 st\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 August 2004 (C9) that }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12333005\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
the air conditioning unit was suspected and supposedly is the cause of the fire}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12333005\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  and the u}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223131\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 nchallenged }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12333005\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
conclusi\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13395766\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 in the FEA Fire Report of 4\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  September 2006 (A2) that }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13395766\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
the fire may appear to have been caused by an electrical fault in the air conditioning unit in bedroom 2}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13395766\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6881853 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8877944\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 12.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8877944\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In paragraph 39 of its judgment, the High Court has concluded that the most probable cau\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
se of the fire was the air condition unit in bedroom }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10512868\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 No. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8877944\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 2, and went on to hold that the Respondent had discharged his burden of proving that }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8877944\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the source and cause of the fire was some defects in the electrical system of the premises.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4152332\charrsid13312814 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223131\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 13.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223131\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Despite these find\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ings, the High Court by its }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15860302\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 aforesaid judgment }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223131\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 dismissed the claim of the Respondent for damages}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15860302\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , on the basis that the first cause of action}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15681624\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 based on the negligent breach of the contract, which was conceived by the Court in paragraph 42 of its judgment as\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  the case before it, and which in fact was a combination of }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9444124\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the First and Second }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15681624\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Causes of Action as pleaded by the Respondent in his Statement of Claim, cannot be sustained as the Landlord}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15681624\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s duty of care was limited by law }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15681624\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to the avoidance of defects in \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the premises at the time the tenants were let into possession}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15681624\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . For this proposition, the Court relied on }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16142491\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the decision of the High Court of Australia in }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8325321\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 No}
{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729892\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 r}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8325321\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 thern Sandblasting }{
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729892\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 P}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8873622\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ty}{
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729892\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  Ltd }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8325321\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 v Harris}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6323174\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  (1997) 188 CLR 313}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16142491\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6323174\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 and concluded on the basis of the evidence}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16142491\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  l
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ed}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6323174\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  in the case that }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13050475\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Petitioner }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13050475\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
had discharged his duty of taking reasonable care to avoid risk of injury }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13050475\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 by engaging a qualified contractor}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13050475\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 whose competence he had no reason to doubt.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4614959 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13050475\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 14.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13050475\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 As for the other cause of action based on breach of statutory \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 duty (}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9444124\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the Third }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13050475\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Cause of Action}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9444124\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  a}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13050475\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
s pleaded by the Respondent in his Statement of Claim), the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4468210\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 High }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13050475\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Court took the view}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4468210\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  in paragraph 54 of its judgment that the Electricity Regulations made under the}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4468210\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Electricity Act (Cap}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid211563\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4468210\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid211563\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 180}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4468210\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ) which were intended to ensure 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the safety of the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4468210\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 public at large}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4468210\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  have not been shown by the Respondents to }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4468210\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
impose a duty of care for the protection of a particular class, neither it has been shown that the plaintiff is a member of such a class}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4468210\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid211563\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11014840\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Accordingly, the}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid211563\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  Court concluded that 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the Electricity Act and Regulations did not }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11014840\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 give the tenant a private right of action in tort against the Landlord.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4468210 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4468210\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 15.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4468210\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  It must be noted that, although the High Court }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11014840\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 held
}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4468210\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9444124\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 at paragraph 55 of its judgment that }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4468210\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the principles of law that seem to apply to this 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 case do not impose any liability on the defendant for damage suffered by the plaintiff}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9444124\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , for the completion of the judgment it also observed at paragraph \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 56 of \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 its 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 judgment that \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 it \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 would accept the unchallenged valuation of \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 $73,636.00\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  placed by the Respond
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ent as the total value of the property and personal effects lost in the fire, \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
and the quantum of special damages claimed at $3,935.12 for the alternative accommodation for the Respondent and his family immediately after the fire.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13050475\charrsid13312814 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1066486\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 16.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1066486\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 On appeal}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9444124\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , the Court of \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Appeal of Fiji Islands at Suva, by its judgment dated 21\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 st\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  October 2010, unanimously reversed the High Court }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3891979\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 and entered judgment in favour of the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Petitioner }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3891979\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 in a sum of $73,636.00. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11014840\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 It held that the High Court had misapplied the relevant principle as held 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 by the majority in }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11014840\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 No}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729892\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 r}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11014840\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 thern Sandblasting }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729892\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 P}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8873622\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ty}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729892\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  Ltd }{
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11014840\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 v Harris}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11014840\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  (1997) 188 CLR 313, and }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301256\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 concluded that the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073580\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 L}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301256\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 andlord }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15165769\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 owed a non}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336686\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 -}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15165769\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 delegable duty of care to }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15359797\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 his tenant}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16132310\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336686\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 and that the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Petitioner }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336686\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 was }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15359797\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
responsible and liable for the negligence of his contractor.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301256 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301256\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 17.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301256\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In rega\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 rd to the question whether there was liability on the part of the }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Petitioner}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4748254\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301256\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on the basis of a breach of statutory duty, the Court of Appeal considered the English decision of the House of Lords in }{
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301256\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Butler (or Black) v Fife Coal Co Ltd.,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301256\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 [1912] AC 149, }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2579969\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 unreported decision of the Fiji Court of Appeal in }{
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2579969\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Fero Tabakisuva v Sant Kumar and Eroni Tokailagi }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2579969\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Civil Case No. 12 of 1982 (delivered on 30\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  July 1983) and the decision of the Supreme Court of }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2579969\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Vanavatu in Kippion v Attorney General}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2579969\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  [1994] VUSC 1 Civil \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Case 120 of 1994, and held that the Respondent did have a private right of action against his Landlord, the Appellant, for breach of stat}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8276557\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 utory }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 duty.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301256 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16132310\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Special leave to appeal }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16132310 
\par }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3891979\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 18.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3891979\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Petitioner }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3891979\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 has sought special leave to appeal from this Court against the sa\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 id judgment of the Court of Appeal on the following grounds }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073580\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 set out in paragraph 3 of the Petition for Special Leave to Appeal: }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3891979\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 -}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073580 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5777463\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (a)}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073580\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
That the Learned Judges erred in law in holding that the Petitioner (Landlord) owed a non delegable }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975968\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 duty }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073580\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 of care to the Res\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 pondent (tenant) and that the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9270598\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Petitioner was}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073580\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  liable for the negligence of his contractor.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072890 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072890\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (b)}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073580\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
That the Learned Judges have erred in law by misconstruing and misinterpreting the application of the relevant principle as held by the majority in }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073580\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Northern Sandb\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 lasting}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073580\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073580\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Pty Ltd}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8348338\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  v Harris}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073580\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 by holding that the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15359797\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Learned}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073580\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 trial Judge was correct.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072890 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8276557\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (c)}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073580\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
That the Learned Judges in holding that the Petitioner owed a non delegable duty or care and was liable to the Respondent in damages erred in law by misinterpreting and miscon\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
struing the application of the principle of non-delegable duty of care in cases of landlord and tenant.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072890 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072890\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (d)}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073580\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Learned Judges erred in law in holding that they disagree with the Trial Judges finding that the Electricity Act and regulations did not give the Re\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 spondent (tenant) a private right against his landlord the Petitioner.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072890 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072890\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (e)}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073580\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
That the Learned Judges have erred in law by misinterpreting and misconstruing the effect of the Regulation 47(1) of the Electricity Regulations made under the Electricity Act Cap 18\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
0 and case authorities in holding that the Respondent had a private right as a statutory duty on the part of the Petitioner had been established and hence liability.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072890 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072890\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (f) }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073580\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
That the Learned Judges erred in law in holding that the Petitioner was liable to the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Respondent in the sum of $73,636.00 as the total value of all property and personal effects lost in the fire though the Trial Judge found the same to be unchallenged because the Learned Judges failed to take into account that the Respondent did not substa
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 tiate its claim through any valuation and/or evidence as to purchase price except a bare document stating the value arbitrarily ascertained by the Respondent.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073580 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6367569\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (g) }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073580\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
That the Learned Judges should have sent the question of damages back to the trial Court for \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 determination.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073580 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073580\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 19.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073580\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  At the very commencement of the hearing before this Court, Mr. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2042791\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Bale}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073580\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  who appears for the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2042791\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Respondent}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975968\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073580\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
conceded that in the circumstances }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4485556\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 of this case }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073580\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
special leave to appeal may be granted}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336686\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10445611\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
It is, however, incumbent on this Court in considerin\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 g whether this is a fit case for the grant of special leave to bear in mind the several criteria set out in \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Section 7(3) of the Supreme Court Act No. 14 of 1998, which provide}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8276557\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10445611\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  that-}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10445611 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10445611\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
In relation to a civil matter (including a matter involving a constituti\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 onal question), the Supreme Court must not grant special leave to appeal }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10445611\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 unless the case raises}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10445611\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 -}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10445611 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10445611\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10445611\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a far reaching question of law;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10445611\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (b)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a matter of great general or public importance;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10445611\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (c)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a matter that is otherwise\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 of substantial general interest to the administratio\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 n of civil justice. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16142491\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16142491\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 emphasis \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 added}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16142491\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 )}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10445611 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11815604\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 20.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11815604\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
We are of the view that any or all of the grounds set out in paragraphs (a) to (f) of the Petition for Special Leave for Appeal, could in the right case, amount to far reaching questions of law \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 which 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 involve matters o\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 f great general and public importance\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  which\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  would\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 have \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 justify the grant of special leave to appeal.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11815604\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 However, having taken into consideration the submissions made by learned Counsel in this case, both written and oral, it is difficult to see how these qu
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 estions could arise in the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3089396\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 backdrop of the facts}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 and pleadings in this case.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11815604 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3478344\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Breach of Contract}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3478344 
\par }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11815604\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 21.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11815604\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 It is important to observe that the High Court had rightly considered the action filed by the Respondent as }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892380\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 one for breach of contract. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11815604\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Th}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892380\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e Respondent had in \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
paragraph 19 of the Statement of Claim set out three causes of action which were clearly for the alleged breach of respectively clauses 10, 13 and 12 of the relevant Tenancy Agreement, }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2228474\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 but in doing so, he had brought in to each one of them,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3370591\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  the concepts of\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  negligence and duty of care, which was signified by the consistent use of the adverb }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3370591\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 negligently}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3370591\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Carrying this further, }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892380\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
it }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2228474\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 appears from the Pre-trial Conference Minutes of 10\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 September 2008 that the parties agreed to go to trial on 5 issues, the very\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  first and crucial of which was-}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2228474 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 1. \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Does the Landlord / Defendant owe the Tenant / Plaintiff a duty of care in the circumstances relating to their relationship as landlord and tenant?}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 \tab 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3166514\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 22.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3166514\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The introduction of the elements of negligence and duty of care into \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
the causes of action and the agreed issues was very unfortunate, as it resulted in what could be, if uncorrected, a total miscarriage of justice. This in fact prompted the High Court in the opening sentence of its judgment to characterize the action as a 
}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3166514\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 claim by a tenant against a landlord in negligence}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3166514\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 and to go in a voyage of discovery in regard to the principles of law applicable to the tort of negligence, while at the same time observing as the High Court did in paragraph 42 of its judgment that the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 case }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3166514\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
must be decided against the construction of the contract itself rather than against common law principles solely.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1836762\charrsid13312814 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1836762\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9793340\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 23.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9793340\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 However, }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6044110\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
the decision of the High Court in favour of the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Petitioner}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4748254\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6044110\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 as well as the decision of the Court of Appeal which reversed th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
e High Court, did not turn on the construction of the contract, but }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8734781\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 sought to }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6044110\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 traverse}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8734781\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  the somewhat uncertain and controversial terrain of the tort of negligence, and in particular, the no}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6044110\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 n-delegable duty of care of the landlord}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8734781\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 towards his tenant. Since i\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 t }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3166514\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 is }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8734781\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a fundamental principle of contact law that }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3166514\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 negligence is }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8734781\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 usually }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3166514\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 not an }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6644859\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ingredient that had }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3166514\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
to be proved in an action for breach of contract}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8734781\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , the High Court moved in this process from rock to sand}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3478344\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1836762\charrsid13312814 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1836762\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3478344\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 24.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3478344\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The Respondent had made out a strong case of breach
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  of contract in the High Court, and }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15806539\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 should }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3478344\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 have succeeded without any proof of negligence. His first cause of action, as pleaded in paragraph 19 of his Statement of Claim}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1836762\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3478344\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  was that his }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1836762\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
quiet enjoyment of the premises}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3478344\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , which had been guaranteed }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1836762\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to him by th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Petitioner}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4748254\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3478344\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 in }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1836762\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 clause 10 of the Tenancy Agreement, has been \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 interrupted or disturbed by the acts and omissions of the }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Petitioner}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4748254\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1836762\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 and the contractor of the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Petitioner}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4748254\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1836762\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 during the tenure of the said agreement. }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15806539\charrsid13312814 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4748254\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1836762\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 25.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1836762\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Petitioner}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4748254\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1836762\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 has not pleaded in his Statemen\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 t of Defence that the }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15806539\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 contract was f}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1836762\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
rustrated by the destruction of the building due to the fire, but had he done so, it is certain that the plea would have been defeated by showing that the frustrating event, namely, the fire that gutted the building had \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
been induced by the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Petitioner}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8276557\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3174658\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
and / or his contractor by failing to maintain FEA standards of electrical safety, particularly by failing at the time the air conditioners were installed to comply with Regulation 47(1) of the Electricity Regulation made und\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
er the Electricity Act (Cap. 180), which expressly made it obligatory to notify the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16589973\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 FEA and obtain its certification }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3174658\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 before any installation is connected to the Authority}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3174658\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s or licensed supplier}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3174658\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s supply, or before any alteration or addition or any part of
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  any installation that has been repaired, is connected to the supply}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16589973\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15806539\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 If the }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Petitioner}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9396413\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16589973\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 or his contractor}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15806539\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 had complied with this simple safety procedure, }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16589973\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the fact of the overload }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15806539\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 adverted to by \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 FEA Inspection Co-ordinantor Malugulevu in his testimony }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16589973\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 wo
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 uld have been detected, and }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15806539\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
the remedial measure of switching into three phased wiring would have saved the building from the destructive consequences of such overload.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1836762\charrsid13312814 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1836762\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3478344\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 26.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3478344\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651079\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Likewise, the evidence produced by the Respondent at the trial established }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6644859\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 very cle\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 arly }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651079\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 that the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Petitioner}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11142896\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651079\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 breached clause 13 of the Tenancy Agreement 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 by negligently failing to keep the premises in good order}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6644859\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651079\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  condition and repair throughout the term of the tenancy, }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6644859\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 while violating clause 12 of the Agreement through the non-compliance w\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ith Regulation 47(1)\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
of the Electricity Regulations, which constituted the second and third causes of action pleaded by the Respondent. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9921537\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
In the considered opinion of this Court, the Respondent should have succeeded on these causes of action as well. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9921537\charrsid13312814 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid2374562\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6644859\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 27.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6644859\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 It wa\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
s clearly the unnecessary introduction of the concept of negligence into the pleadings and agreed issues}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15826788\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
, for which both Counsel and the Court should share the blame, that distorted the picture and took the Court away from a consideration of the constructi\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
on of the contract to more complex and avoidable questions relating to a non-delegable duty of care and breach of statutory duty.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8276557\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 On the facts clearly established at the trial, it is manifest that clauses 10, 12 and 13 of the Tenancy Agreement }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2374562\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 were violat\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ed by the Petitioner, and all the ingredients for liability for breach of contract were made out.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2374562\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Proof of negligence is not necessary for success in an action for breach of contract, and the reference to a duty of care}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16414742\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  in Agreed Issue 1, }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8873622\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 imposed }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16414742\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on the R\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
espondent a burden he need not discharge under the law. In any event, it is clear from the evidence that the conduct of the Petitioner and his electricity contractor had fallen far short of the }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8873622\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 standard}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16414742\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 of the reasonable man, and the negligence of the Peti\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 tioner was established.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid16132310\charrsid13312814 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid16414742\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9921537\charrsid13312814 The }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid15826788\charrsid13312814 
Non-delegable duty of care}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid15826788 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid13312814\charrsid13312814 
\par {\*\bkmkstart back128}{\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11346298\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 28.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls2\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11346298\charrsid13312814 
At the hearing of this application for special leave to appeal, Learned Counsel for both parties placed before Court }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid15826788\charrsid13312814 voluminous material }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11346298\charrsid13312814 and made submissions with t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid15826788\charrsid13312814 horoughness }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11346298\charrsid13312814 in regard to the nebulous }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid15826788\charrsid13312814 concept of }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1473588\charrsid13312814 non-delegable duty of care}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11346298\charrsid13312814 
. Though by reason of what have been said in the preceding paragraphs of this judgment it may not strictly be necessary to deal with this question, it may be useful to clarify the law on this subject as the Hi
gh Court and Court of Appeal had based their decisions on it, and arrived at opposite conclusions.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4158422\charrsid13312814 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4158422\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11346298\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 29.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls2\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11346298\charrsid13312814 The non-delegable duty of care }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid9987184\charrsid13312814 envisages }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1473588\charrsid13312814 tort liability not only}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11346298\charrsid13312814  to}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1473588\charrsid13312814  take care but ensure that care is taken. Th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11346298\charrsid13312814 
e concept seeks to in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1473588\charrsid13312814 effect fix}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11346298\charrsid13312814  l}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1473588\charrsid13312814 iability for negligent acts to a particular person, even if that person ha}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11346298\charrsid13312814 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1473588\charrsid13312814 
 delegated responsibility for performance of those acts to a third party, for example }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11346298\charrsid13312814 the electrical }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1473588\charrsid13312814 contractor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11346298\charrsid13312814  in this case}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid9987184\charrsid13312814 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11346298\charrsid13312814 
 who acted quite independently from the person who engaged his services. The concept {\*\bkmkend back128}is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1473588\charrsid13312814 significant in that }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11346298\charrsid13312814 it constitutes an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1473588\charrsid13312814 
 exception to the normal rule that a person will not be liable for the acts of independent contractors.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid9987184\charrsid13312814  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12259273\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Where a duty is held to be non-delegable, it will be deemed to be personal to the defendant wh\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
o is not permitted by the law to delegate the responsibility to a third person even where in actual fact some work had been entrusted to such third person. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4158422\charrsid13312814 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4748254\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8526837\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 30.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls2\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8526837\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 A n}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12259273\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on-delegable duty is a special duty which arises in negligence. The original non-delegable duty\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 cases were based on the doctrine of support as in }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12259273\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Dalton v Angus & Co}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12259273\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8526837\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (1881) 6 App Cas 740 (HL), }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12259273\charrsid13312814 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 where Lord Blackburn held that a duty was owed to an owner of land where an adjoining landowner has contracted with another to excavate the adjoining land. La\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ter}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8526837\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , in }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8526837\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Wilsons v Clyde Coal }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8526837\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [1938] AC 57, }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12259273\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a non-delegable}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8526837\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12259273\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 duty }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8526837\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 was recognized }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12259273\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
where an employee was injured in the workplace, and appeared to be based on the existence of an }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12259273\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 extra}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8526837\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 -}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12259273\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 hazardous activity}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12259273\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8526837\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The concept of no}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12259273\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 n-delegable duty was extended to oth\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 er situations of extreme vulnerability such as a patient in a hospital}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8526837\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  (}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8526837\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Royal Prince Alfred Hospital v Allbrighton }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8526837\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [1980] 2 NSWLR 542) }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12259273\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 or a child at school}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8526837\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  (}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8526837\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Commonwealth v Introvigne }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8526837\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (1982) 150 CLR 258)}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11355231\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
, but in what circumstances and subject to what princi\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ples the catalogue of non-delegable duty may be extended}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid853383\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
, and whether such a duty arises in the context of the landlord and tenant relationships, }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11355231\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 is still a thorny subject. }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158422\charrsid13312814 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4748254\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid8348338\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 31.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls2\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid8348338\charrsid13312814 
In regard to the non-delegable duty of care of the landlord in tort, the decision in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9899437\charrsid13312814 Northern Sandblasting}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid8348338\charrsid13312814  Pty Ltd}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9899437\charrsid13312814  v Harris}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9899437\charrsid13312814  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8348338\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (1997) 188 CLR 313}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16132310\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  had}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8348338\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid8348338\charrsid13312814 left behind many }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9899437\charrsid13312814 
unanswered questions}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid16132310\charrsid13312814 , }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid8348338\charrsid13312814 and }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9899437\charrsid13312814 the only}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid8348338\charrsid13312814  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9899437\charrsid13312814 ratio}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9899437\charrsid13312814 
 that could be extracted from the case was that the immunity in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid8348338\charrsid13312814  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9899437\charrsid13312814 Cavalier v Pope}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9899437\charrsid13312814  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid8348338\charrsid13312814 [1906] AC 428}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid6044110\charrsid13312814 ,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid8348338\charrsid13312814  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid6044110\charrsid13312814 
which as Lord Macnaghten 430 explained at page 430}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid16132310\charrsid13312814 , }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid6044110\charrsid13312814 meant that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid13312814  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid6044110\charrsid13312814 a landlord }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid13312814 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid6044110\charrsid13312814 who lets a house in a dangerous state is not liable to the tenant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid13312814 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid6044110\charrsid13312814 
s customers or guests for accidents happening during the term}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid13312814 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid6044110\charrsid13312814 , was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9899437\charrsid13312814 
no longer good law in Australia.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid3166514\charrsid13312814  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158422\charrsid13312814 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4748254\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid6044110\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 32.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls2\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid6044110\charrsid13312814 M}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid8348338\charrsid13312814 ore r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9899437\charrsid13312814 ecently, in }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9899437\charrsid13312814 Jones}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid8348338\charrsid13312814  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9899437\charrsid13312814 v Bartlett}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid8348338\charrsid13312814  (2000) 176 ALR 137}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9899437\charrsid13312814 , the High Court }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid1329676\charrsid13312814 of Australia }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9899437\charrsid13312814 went some way towards clarifying the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid8348338\charrsid13312814  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9899437\charrsid13312814 nature and content of the landlord
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid13312814 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9899437\charrsid13312814 s duty of care in the context of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid8348338\charrsid13312814  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9899437\charrsid13312814 residential premises.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid8348338\charrsid13312814  T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9899437\charrsid13312814 
here have since been several cases that have applied or considered}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid8348338\charrsid13312814  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9899437\charrsid13312814 Jones v Bartlett}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9899437\charrsid13312814 . The most 
significant is the case of }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9899437\charrsid13312814 Taber v NSW Land}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid8348338\charrsid13312814  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9899437\charrsid13312814 and Housing Corporation}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid13516615\charrsid13312814  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid13516615\charrsid13312814 [2001] NSWCA 182}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9899437\charrsid13312814 , as it was a case of an action by a tenant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid8348338\charrsid13312814  against a landlord in negligence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid13516615\charrsid13312814 
, but we do not consider it necessary to go into details of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid3166514\charrsid13312814 any of }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid13516615\charrsid13312814 these decisions in the circumstances of this case. Suffice it to say that }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid7033911\charrsid13312814 in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid13516615\charrsid13312814 none of these decisions }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid7033911\charrsid13312814 did the Court arrive at a clear decision without division that a non-delegable duty of care exists in relationship}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid16414742\charrsid13312814  between the landlord and tenant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid7033911\charrsid13312814 
 All these cases had been instituted 
to recover damages for personal injury suffered by persons other than the tenant, where in the absence of any privity of contract between the landlord and the person who suffered injury, it became necessary to resort to the tort of negligence. Thus, the c
ircumstances of those cases differed significantly from the present case which in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid13516615\charrsid13312814 volve}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid16414742\charrsid13312814 d }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid13516615\charrsid13312814 a tenant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid8878780\charrsid13312814  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid13516615\charrsid13312814 
who had personally suffered injury to property by reason of the breach of the contract by the landlord}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid8878780\charrsid13312814 . }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158422\charrsid13312814 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4748254\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4158422\charrsid13312814 Breach of Statutory Duty
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158422\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4327924\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 33.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls2\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4327924\charrsid13312814 Since it is the considered o
pinion of this Court that the case at hand should have been decided simply on the construction of the Tenancy Agreement, it is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid8878780\charrsid13312814 also }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4327924\charrsid13312814 unnecessary }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid8878780\charrsid13312814 
for this Court to go into the other question as to whether in the circumstances of this case, the Respondent had a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid16414742\charrsid13312814 private }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid8878780\charrsid13312814 right of action against the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 
Petitioner}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4748254\charrsid13312814  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid8878780\charrsid13312814 
for breach of statutory duty. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158422\charrsid13312814 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid16414742\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4158422\charrsid13312814 Conclusion}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158422\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid143296\charrsid13312814 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4158422\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 34.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls2\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4158422\charrsid13312814 F}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid5259712\charrsid13312814 
or the foregoing reasons, we hold that the application for special leave to appeal has to be refused, as the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 Petitioner }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid5259712\charrsid13312814 has failed to satisfy Court that the case raises any far reaching question of law, }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5259712\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a matter of great general or public importance or }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158422\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
a matter that is otherwise of substantial general interest to the administration of civil justice\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . The application for special leave to appeal is therefore r\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 efused}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid143296\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , and the decision of the Court of Appeal dated 21\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 st\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  October 2010 is affirmed}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15225530\charrsid13312814 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In all the circumstances of this case, we do not make any order for costs. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15225530\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4748254\charrsid13312814 ___________________________}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4327924\charrsid13312814 

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 Hon. Mr. Justice Anthony Gates
\par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 President of the Supreme Court
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4748254\charrsid13312814 
\par _}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid16588216\charrsid13312814 _}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4748254\charrsid13312814 _________________________

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 Hon. Mr. Justice Saleem Marsoof
\par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4748254\charrsid13312814 ___________________________
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 Hon. Mr. Justice Satyaa Hettige
\par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 
\par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4748254\charrsid13312814 Solicitors:}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12281944\charrsid13312814 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid4748254\charrsid13312814 Mr. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2700939\charrsid13312814 D.S. Naidu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid4748254\charrsid13312814  for the Petitioner.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid13312814 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid4748254\charrsid13312814 Mr. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2700939\charrsid13312814 Q.B. Bale}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid4748254\charrsid13312814  for the Respondent.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13312814 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid4748254\charrsid13312814 
\par }}