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\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12479421\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE FIJI ISLANDS}{
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\par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12479421\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 AT SUVA
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\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12479421\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO: CAV0015/2010
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\par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12479421\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 BETWEEN\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 :
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12479421\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 GUSTON FREDRICK KEAN
\par }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12479421\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Petitioner
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12479421\charrsid10492735 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 AND\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 :
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\par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12479421\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 THE STATE
\par }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12479421\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Respondent
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\par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12479421\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Coram:}{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12479421\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Hon. Justice Saleem Marsoof, Justice of the Supreme Court
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Hon. Justice Sathya}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904555\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12479421\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 Hett\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ige, Justice of the Supreme Court
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Hon. Justice Daniel Goundar, Justice of the Supreme Court
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12479421\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Counsel:}{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12479421\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Petitioner in person}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12479421\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Ms N. Wickramasekera for the Respondent
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12479421\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Date of Hearing:}{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12479421\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Tuesday 2\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 nd\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  August 2011
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12479421\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Date of Judgment:}{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4599413\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Friday 12\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  August 2011}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12479421\charrsid10492735 

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\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8088318\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Background}{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8088318 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8088318\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [1]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268864\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 On 15 April 2008, after a trial, t}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8088318\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he petitioner was convicted of robbe\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ry with violence in the High Court at }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3935452\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Suva}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268864\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . On 16 April 2008, he }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3935452\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 was sentenced to 11}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8088318\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  years imprisonment w}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268864\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ith a minimum term}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3935452\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  of 9 }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8088318\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 years}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268864\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  to serve. This sentence was made concurrent}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8088318\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  with a pre-exi}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3935452\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\f0 sting sentence of 8\'bd
\loch\f0  years imprisonment }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268864\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 imposed on 7 February 2\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 008 by the High Court at Lautoka }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3935452\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 for }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8988708\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 two counts of robbery with violence}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268864\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  and one count of shop breaking. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8088318\charrsid10492735 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210919\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 2}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8088318\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]\tab 
The petitioner appealed against conviction and sentence to the Court of Appeal.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8088318\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 On 25 November 2010, that appeal was dismissed.
\par 
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\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8088318\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210919\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 3}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8088318\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]\tab The petitioner now seek}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3935452\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
s special leave from this Court}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8088318\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  to appeal against conviction and sentence.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8088318\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In the initial petition dated 29 December 2010, the petitioner advanced the following grounds:
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10492735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8088318\charrsid10492735 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 1.\tab The trial }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1462601\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 judge erred in law in directing}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4791761\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8088318\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e assessors }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1462601\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on the proceedings and outcome of the}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4791761\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14812832\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 voir dire }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1462601\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 regarding }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8088318\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
admissibility of the cau}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1462601\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 tion interview}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8088318\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
, and by doing so, prejudiced the petitioner.
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 2.\tab The tri}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4791761\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 al judge erred in law in failing}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8088318\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  to direct the assessors on }{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8088318\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Turnbull}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8088318\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  warning on identificat\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ion evidence against the petitioner.
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 3.\tab The minimum term imposed on the petitioner created disparity}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1462601\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8088318\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 between the sentences imposed on}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4791761\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  the}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8088318\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  co-offenders.
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid419000\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 4.\tab The time spent in custody on remand was not take}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4791761\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 n into account by the trial}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid419000\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  judge.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8088318\charrsid10492735 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10492735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid419000\charrsid10492735 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210919\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 4}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid419000\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]\tab Later}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8988708\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid419000\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
petitioner raised further grounds in his written submissions:
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10492735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid419000\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 1.\tab 
The post charge delay breached the petitioner}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid419000\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
s constitutional right to be tried within a reasonable time.
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4791761\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 2.\tab The trial judge was bias}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2494451\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ed}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4791761\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  in proceeding with the trial after refusing to stay \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the prosecution. }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid419000\charrsid10492735 
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 3.\tab The trial judge erred in law in considering violence used in the commission of the robbery as an aggravating factor.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10492735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268732\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268732\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Facts}{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268732 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268732\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210919\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 5}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268732\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]\tab The facts were that on the early hours of 12 September 2005}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14812832\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , the petitioner forced his way}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268732\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  into the home o\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 f the victim }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14812832\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 with a group of men }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268732\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 after cutting the }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14812832\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 padlock on the burglar grill}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87061\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  and smashing}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268732\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  the door.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268732\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The intrude}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1462601\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
rs were masked and armed with pinch bar, knife and}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268732\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  gun.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268732\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The victim, his wife and two sons, aged 12 and 13 years respectively, were threatene\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 d by the intruders}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4402738\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4402738\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 One intruder grabbed the victim}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4402738\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s neck to prevent him from raising alarm.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4402738\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Another intruder suggested that they kidnap one of the victim}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4402738\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s sons.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4402738\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The intruders ransacked the house and fled with $12,000 cash and ot}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14812832\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 her valuable items.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14812832\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 T
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he victim and his wife gave evidence that they}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4402738\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  were traumatized by the incident.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16276689\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  T}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87061\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he stolen items were }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16276689\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 not }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87061\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 recovered.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268732\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4402738\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4402738\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Jurisdiction}{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4402738 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4402738\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210919\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 6}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4402738\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14812832\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The jurisd}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87061\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 iction of this Court is conferred}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4402738\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  by the }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14812832\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Supreme Court Act 1998}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87061\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  (the Act). The jurisdiction is 
}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4932376\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 invoked by appl\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ying for}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid87061\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 special leave to appeal }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4932376\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 pursuant to s}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4402738\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ection 7(1) }
{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4932376\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 of the Act. Subsection (2) provides that in criminal appeals, }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16079974\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 special }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4932376\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 leave }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid145055\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 must n}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4932376\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ot be granted}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid145055\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  unless \hich\f0 \endash }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4402738\charrsid10492735 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10492735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid145055\charrsid10492735 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid10492735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid145055\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (a)\tab 
a question of general legal importance is involved;
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2763362\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid145055\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (b)\tab a substantial question of princ\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 iple affecting the administration of criminal justice is involved; or
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2763362\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid145055\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (c)\tab substantial and grave injustice may otherwise occur.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10492735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid145055\charrsid10492735 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210919\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 7}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid145055\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]\tab }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8799003\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Further, section 8 of the Administration of Justice Decree}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14812832\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  2009 that mirrors section 122}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8799003\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  of the Constitution provides:}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid145055\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8799003\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7081168\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (1)}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12006209\charrsid10492735 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
The Supreme Court has exclusive jurisdiction, subject to such requirements as prescribed by law, to hear and determine appeals from all final ju}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
dgments of the Court of Appeal.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1997424\charrsid10492735 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9577419\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Final Judgment of the Court of Appeal}{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9577419 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1997424\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210919\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 8}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1997424\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9577419\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The petitioner was represented by c
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ounsel in the Court of Appe}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14812832\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 al.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16079974\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The appeal to that court was confined to t}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14812832\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
he grounds relating to}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9577419\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  voir dire, identi}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4932376\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ficat}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16079974\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 io}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12852020\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 n and disparity of sentence}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9577419\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9577419\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The remaining grounds upon which the petitioner seeks special leave were not raised in the Court of Appea\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 l}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16079974\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  and are new matters}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9577419\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13520179 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9577419\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210919\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 9}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9577419\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]\tab The petitioner informs us that he had received inadequate assistance from his counsel at the hearing of his appeal in the Court of Appeal}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3550601\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  and that he was handicapped from raising these issues because his counsel did not visit him\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 in prison to receive instructions from him.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9577419\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16079974\charrsid10492735 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210919\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 10}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16079974\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]\tab 
We are not convinced that the petitioner}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16079974\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
s reasons for not raising the new matters in the Court of Appeal are justified.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12852020\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 Counsel would not have appeared in the Court of Appeal without his instruction. The \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 petitioner was present during the hearing in the Court of Appeal.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12852020\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The petitioner appeared before us}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4727355\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  as}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12852020\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  an intelligent and well informed litigant.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16276689\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 He must have known}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7500080\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 that his grounds of appeal in the}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7947968\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  Court of Appeal were limited and matters relating to de\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 lay and bias were not raised.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16079974\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8850314\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16079974\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210919\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 11}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16079974\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7947968\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 It is not that the}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8195571\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  petitioner }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16276689\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 is }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13969882\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 now }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7947968\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 pr}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16276689\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ecluded from raising new matters that were not raised}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15467992\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16276689\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  b}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8195571\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ut it is on}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7947968\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ly in rare cases that the court will}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8195571\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  grant }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7947968\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 special leave on new grounds on which the petitioner has not sought t\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he Court of Appeal}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7947968\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s judgment.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13969882\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 T}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16276689\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 his Court pointed out}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8195571\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  in }{
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8195571\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Josateki}{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14812268\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  Solinakoroi v. The State}{
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14812268\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  CAV0005/2005S }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid142380\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (}{
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14812268\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 8 June 2006}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid142380\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 )}{
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14812268\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7947968\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 that }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8195571\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the new ground}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7947968\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8195571\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  must carry a risk of serious injustice. 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16458599\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16458599\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Delay}{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16458599 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16458599\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210919\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 12}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16458599\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]\tab When the petitioner was tried in the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16276689\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
High Court in 2008, the\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  right to be tried within a reasonable }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10250466\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 time }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16276689\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 was his c}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16458599\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 onstitution}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16276689\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 al right}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16458599\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16458599\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The right to be t}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid472661\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ried within a reasonable time}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16458599\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  is }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid472661\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 also }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16458599\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 r}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid472661\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ecognized by the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16458599\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid472661\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , Article 9(3). }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4816771\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The right is enforced using reasonable \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 standard.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3702117\charrsid10492735 
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210919\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [13]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid472661\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In }{
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid472661\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Tevita Nalaw}{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11741031\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a v. The State}{
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5190310\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  CAV0002/09 }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8988708\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (13 August 2010)}{
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5190310\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13969882\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 this Court}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9137691\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  pointed out that}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7560709\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  the enforcement of the right}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9137691\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  to be tried within a reasonable time}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7560709\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  w}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9010947\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ill depend upon factors such as:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7560709\charrsid10492735 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li770\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin770\itap0\pararsid10492735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2228325\charrsid10492735 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (a)\tab The length of the delay;
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (b)\tab The reasons for the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 delay (including on the part of the accused, the judiciary, the prosecution or legal aid);
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (c)\tab The inherent time requirements of the case;
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (d)\tab The limitations on institutional resources (including the judiciary, the prosecution and legal aid);
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (e)\tab Any waiv\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 er by an accused of his rights;
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (f)\tab Acquiescence to delay by an accused;
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (g)\tab The effect of delay on the fairness of a trial;
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (h)\tab Any prejudice to the accused caused by the delay.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10492735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9010947\charrsid10492735 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210919\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 14}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9010947\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]\tab }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4816771\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 When an accused alleges breach of his or her right to be tried within a\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 reasonable time and applies for a stay of prosecution on the ground of delay, t}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11874834\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4816771\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 trial }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11874834\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 court must first determine }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9010947\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 whe}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9137691\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ther the delay is unreasonable, by taking into acc
}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13002658\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ount various factors outlined in }{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13002658\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Nalawa}{
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13002658\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13002658\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  case}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9137691\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . I}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9010947\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 f the court find}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9137691\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s the delay to be unre
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 asonable,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11874834\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  the court must then }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9137691\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 determine an}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11874834\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 appropriate remedy for the delay. A stay of prosecution on the ground of delay should not be granted unless the delay is an impediment for a fair trial. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9010947\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11874834\charrsid10492735 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1771183\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 15}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11874834\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]\tab 
The petitioner seeks to supplement the court record b\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 y including the ruling of the trial judge refusing stay of the prosecution. He has erroneously labe}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10956508\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 l}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11874834\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 led his application as an applica}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9206797\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 tion for fresh evidence. The ruling of the trial judge on stay has already been included as part of the court record. Since\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 the petitioner is unrepresented and raising delay as a ground of appeal, we will consider the ruling of the trial judge on stay.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11874834\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11630154\charrsid10492735 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1771183\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 16}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11630154\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]\tab 
The petitioner was caution interviewed on the allegation on 6 October 2005.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11630154\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 On the same day, he was charged with the of\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 fence of robbery with violence.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11630154\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 However, the formal charge was not filed in the Ma}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16415961\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 g
}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9137691\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 istrates}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11630154\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  Court until 1 October 2007.
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282761\charrsid10492735 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1771183\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 17}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282761\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]\tab 
On 1 October 2007, the petitio}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9137691\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ner appeared in the Magistrates}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282761\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  Court and elected a High Court trial.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282761\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The learned Magistrate imm\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ediately transferred the case to the High Court.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282761\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
The Information by the Director of Public Prosecutions was filed on 19 October 2007.
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6561116\charrsid10492735 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1771183\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 18}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6561116\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]\tab 
Numerous adjournments were granted by the High Court to allow the petitioner and his co-accused to secure legal rep\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 resentation.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6561116\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Eventually, on 20 March 2008, the case was set for trial on 7 April 2008.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6561116\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The petitioner immediately applied for a stay of prosecution on the ground of delay.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6561116\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The application was heard on 4 April 2008.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13123976\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12725016\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13123976\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1771183\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 19}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13123976\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]\tab From the date the petitioner w\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 as charged to the date he was tried, the delay was two years and six months.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13123976\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
The trial judge for reasons not clear in his ruling calculated the delay commencing from 21 November 2005 and not 6 October 2005 the date on which the petitioner was charged.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13123976\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Ac\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 cording to the trial judge}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13123976\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s calculation, the delay was two years and four months.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973840\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 We find the difference of}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13123976\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  two months}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973840\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  to be insignificant.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13123976\charrsid10492735 
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393800\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1771183\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 20}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393800\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]\tab The learned trial judge found that the petitioner was the author of the delay as he was granted bail by the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
police to appear in court on a subsequent date to answer the charge, but instead}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973840\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393800\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  the petitioner failed to appear in court and he gave the police an incorrect residential address}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid538966\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid538966\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The petitioner was at large for almost two years before he was arrested on \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a bench warrant.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid538966\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The learned trial judge further found that t}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13002658\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he petitioner}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13002658\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s broad assertion that his witnesses have migrated overseas and one has died was}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid268316\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  not substantiated with evidence.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12725016\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13969882\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1771183\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [21]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12725016\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
The learned trial judge considered the principles for stay\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  of prosecution on the ground of delay and concluded that the delay was not unreasonable and that there was no prejudice to the petitioner in having a fair trial.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12725016\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The application for stay was refused by the}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11034180\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  learned}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12725016\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  trial judge and the trial commenc}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11034180\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ed on 7\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  April 2008 as scheduled.
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid268316\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8328690\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Bias}{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8328690 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10491008\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1771183\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 22}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10491008\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]\tab Th}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8328690\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e petitioner arg}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165774\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ues that bias arose}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10491008\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  from the learned trial judge}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10491008\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8328690\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 decision}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165774\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  to refuse stay of the prosecution.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8328690\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165774\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
In support of this ground, the petitioner submits that }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8328690\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the learned }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165774\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 trial }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8328690\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 judge failed to recognize breach \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
of his constitutional right to be tried within a reasonable ti}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165774\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 me and that he was prejudiced in having a fair trial}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8328690\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  due to unavailable witnesses. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid268316\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15552958\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9009649\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [23]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15552958\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
After the learned trial judge gave his ruling on stay, the petitioner did not apply for hi}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11034180\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s disqualifica\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 tion.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165774\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Even if the petitioner had applied for the learned trial judge}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165774\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
s disqualification, the application would not have succeeded. The decision }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10887485\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
on stay was a pre-trial matter. The substantive matter was pending before the court and there is nothing in the\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  ruling to suggest that the learned trial judge had pre-judged the charge against the petitioner. Nor is there any }
{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15552958\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 suggestion that the proceedings}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10887485\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 including the trial of the petitioner}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15552958\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  were not conducted fairly by the learned trial judge.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165774\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15552958\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In these circumst\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
ances, the petitioner is precluded from raising bias for the time in this Court. 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11034180\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Voir dire ruling}{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4402738 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9009649\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [24]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145422\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
At the trial, the prosecution led evidence of a confession made by the petitioner under caution to the police, after the learned trial judge had ruled \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the confession admissible in a voir dire. In his summing up, the le}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13969882\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 arned trial judge directed }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145422\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
the assessors that he had ruled the confession admissible. The petitioner contends that the learned trial judge erred in law by }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15467992\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 directing the}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145422\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  assessors on his dec\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ision to admit the confession in evidence. }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11034180\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10887485\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10239975\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [25]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10887485\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 We accept that}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4944433\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10887485\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the learned trial judge e}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4944433\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 rred in law by directing}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10887485\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  the assessors }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4944433\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on his decision to admit the confession in evidence, which he had made in the absence of the assessors in a voir dire. }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16335351\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 However,\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  we agree with the conclusion reached by the Court of Appeal th}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6384471\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 at the error}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16335351\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 has not caused miscarriage of justice. In his summing up, the learned trial judge quite correctly left the truth of the confession to the assessors after determining admissibility.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5582786\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
The truth and weight of the confession was a matter for the assessors to consider after taking into account all the evidence.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10887485\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5582786\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5582786\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Identification}{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5582786 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10239975\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [26]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5582786\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Apart from the confession, there was no direct evidence of identification linking the petitioner to the off\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ence.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5582786\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 However, there was circumstantial evidence led by the prosecution from witness, Vikash Ritesh Pal}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14834436\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , that}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5582786\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  the petition}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14834436\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 er and his co-accused }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6578568\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 persons }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14834436\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 came to his home on the morning of the alleged robbery with a bag of money and they }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6578568\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 used his house to s\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 hare}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14834436\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 the money }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6578568\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 among}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14834436\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  themselves. }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6578568\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 One co-accused was Pal}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6578568\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s cousin.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14834436\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Pal said the petitioner and his co-accused were in his house for about 15 minutes and that he was also given $40.00 by them. }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6578568\charrsid10492735 
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10239975\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [27]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6578568\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
The circumstances under which Pal identified the petition\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 er were not fleeting glimpse. The petitioner was inside the house for about 15 minutes and Pal obviously knew the }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1253364\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 petitioner by his name.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1253364\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In these circumstances, the Court of Appeal concluded that there was }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6384471\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 no }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1253364\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 need to direct the assessors on }{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1253364\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Turnbull}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1253364\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1253364\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 guid
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 elines and in any event, Pal}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1253364\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
s identification evidence did not directly link the petitioner to the alleged offence. We agree with the conclusion reached by the Court of Appeal on this ground.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6578568\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1253364\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1253364\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Disparity of sentence}{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1253364 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10239975\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [28]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011495\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The petitioner was sentenced to 11 y
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ears imprisonment while his co-offenders were sentenced to 4 and 9 years imprisonment, respectively. In the case of the petitioner}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161278\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011495\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  an order was made that he }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6384471\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 serves}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011495\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  a minimum of 9 years imprisonment. No minimum term was set for the co-offenders. The petiti
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 oner contends that the minimum term }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161278\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
offends the parity principle as he is deprived of one-third remission under the Prisons Act while his co-offenders are entitled to such remissions. 
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10239975\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [29]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2439010\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The fixing of }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7090680\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2439010\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 minimum term under section 33 of the Penal Code (
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 now repealed) at the time the sentence was imposed was within the discretion of the learned trial judge. Unlike the co-offenders, the petitioner }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7090680\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 was }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6384471\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 already }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7090680\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
serving a sentenc}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6384471\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\f0 e of 8 \'bd\loch\f0  years imprisonment for}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7090680\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  two similar home invasion robberies. To arrive at \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
a sentence that reflected the criminality involved, the learned trial judge ordered the sentences to be served concurrently but with a minimum term of 9 years to serve. In effect, the petitioner received 11 years imprisonment with}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646067\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  a}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7090680\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  minimum term of 9 years
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  to serve for three separate episo}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10239975\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 des of home invasion robberies.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2439010\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161278\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10239975\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [30]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1253364\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
The Court of Appeal concluded that the disparity between the sentences of the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646067\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 petitioner and the co-offenders}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1253364\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  arose from their }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646067\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 different }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1253364\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 roles in the commission of the robbery and the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 d}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2770820\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ifferent subjective features}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1253364\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  that were present in relation to each offender.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1253364\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
We have considered the sentencing remarks of the learned trial judge and }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011495\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 we agree with the conclusion of the Court of Appea}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6384471\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 l that the disparity was}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011495\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  justified. }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1253364\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5786122\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5786122\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Remand period}{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5786122 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10239975\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [3\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 1]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5786122\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
The time spent in custody while on remand is matter that is taken into account in sentence. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5312244\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
While there is no reference made to the remand period in the sentencing remarks of the learned trial judge, we have concluded that}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781212\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 the error cannot give rise to }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5312244\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 subst}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2770820\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
antial and grave injustice in this case}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5312244\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
. The petitioner was involved in several cases and he has not provided any information to indicate the actual remand period that applied to this particular case.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781212\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  The re}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2770820\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 mand period is}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14682709\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 a}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2770820\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  matter that may}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781212\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  have}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2770820\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  been t\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 aken into account in}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781212\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  other case}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2770820\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s involving}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781212\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 the petitioner}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2770820\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5786122\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5312244\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5312244\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Violence as an aggravating factor}{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5312244 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10239975\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [32]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5312244\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
The use of violence in the commission of robbery is an element of the offence}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781212\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6780934\charrsid10492735 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 We accept that e}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781212\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 lements of an offence ought not to be used as a matter of aggr\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
avation to enhance the sentence. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7690778\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In his sentencing remarks, the learned trial judge considered }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6780934\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7690778\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 use}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6780934\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  of actual violence on}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7690778\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 the victim as an aggravating factor. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6780934\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 While there was an error in treating the use of violence on the victim as an aggravating facto
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 r, in our judgment, the error has not made significant difference to the sentence of 11 years imprisonment that was imposed on the petitioner. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5312244\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6780934\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6780934\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Result}{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6780934 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10492735\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10239975\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [33]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6780934\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
For the reasons given, the petitioner has not established any ground }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5704393\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to grant special leave to appe\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 al. }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6384471\charrsid10492735 
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10239975\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [34]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5704393\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The petition is dismissed.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6780934\charrsid10492735 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9178913 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10058347\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3433936\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ____________________________________
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Hon. Justice Saleem Marsoof
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3433936\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Justice of the Supreme Court}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3433936\charrsid10492735 
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ____________________________________
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Hon. Justice Sathya}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904555\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3433936\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 Hettige
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3433936\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Justice of the Supreme Court}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3433936\charrsid10492735 
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 __________________\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 __________________
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Hon. Justice Daniel Goundar
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3433936\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Justice of the Supreme Court}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3433936\charrsid10492735 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10492735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3433936\charrsid10492735 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5721086\charrsid10492735 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Solicitors:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5721086\charrsid10492735 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Petitioner in person
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions, for Respondent
\par }}