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{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid13382032\charrsid9320892 IN THE }{\b\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 SUPREME}{\b\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892  }{\b\insrsid13382032\charrsid9320892 COURT }{
\b\insrsid880550\charrsid9320892 OF FIJI ISLANDS}{\b\insrsid13382032\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\b\insrsid11558384\charrsid9320892 AT}{\b\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892  }{\b\insrsid13713922\charrsid9320892 SUVA}{\b\insrsid13382032\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\insrsid13713922\charrsid9320892 [Petition for Special Leave }{\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 to Appeal}{\insrsid13713922\charrsid9320892  }{
\insrsid880550\charrsid9320892 o}{\insrsid13713922\charrsid9320892 n Appeal from the Decision of the}{\insrsid880550\charrsid9320892  }{\insrsid13713922\charrsid9320892 Court of}{\insrsid9320892 
\par }{\insrsid13713922\charrsid9320892 Appeal in Criminal Appeal No.}{\insrsid4875864\charrsid9320892  CAV 0002/09}{\insrsid13713922\charrsid9320892 ]
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 BETWEEN}{\insrsid9320892 :
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\insrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\b\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 TEVITA NALAWA}{\b\insrsid13382032\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\insrsid12740837\charrsid9320892 (}{\insrsid11558384\charrsid9320892 PETITIONER}{\insrsid12740837\charrsid9320892 )
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\insrsid15410417\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 AND}{\insrsid9320892 :
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\insrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\b\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 STATE}{\b\insrsid13382032\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\insrsid15815180\charrsid9320892 (RESPONDENT)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\insrsid13382032\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10041504 {\b\insrsid10041504\charrsid9320892 CORAM:}{\insrsid10041504  }{\insrsid10041504\charrsid9320892 The Hon. Justice John Byrne, Judge of Supreme Court
\par The Hon. Justice William Marshall, Judge of Supreme Court
\par The Hon. Justice Paul Madigan, Judge of Supreme Court 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\b\insrsid10041504 
\par }{\b\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 COUNSEL}{\insrsid9320892 : }{\insrsid15815180\charrsid9320892 Petitioner in Person}{\insrsid13382032\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\insrsid9320892  }{\insrsid13382032\charrsid9320892 :}{\insrsid9320892  }{\insrsid15815180\charrsid9320892 Ms N. Wickramasekera for the Respondent}{\insrsid15410417\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\insrsid15815180\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\b\insrsid13382032\charrsid9320892 D}{\b\insrsid7604339\charrsid9320892 ate of }{\b\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 Hearing:}{\insrsid9320892  }{\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 3rd }{\insrsid11558384\charrsid9320892 August 2010}{
\insrsid3934398\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\b\insrsid3934398\charrsid9320892 Date of }{\b\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 Judgment:}{\insrsid9320892  }{\insrsid9519277\charrsid9320892 13th }{\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 August}{\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892  }{
\insrsid13382032\charrsid9320892 2010
\par }{\insrsid10044569\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\b\insrsid15410417\charrsid9320892 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT}{\b\insrsid4420853\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\insrsid10044569\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 INTRODUCTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8327958 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8327958 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 On the 29th of January 2003 the petitioner was charged in the Magistrate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid880550\charrsid9320892 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15102199 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892  Court of Fiji in Lautoka on two counts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 The first count was }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12980903\charrsid9320892 In}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 decent }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12980903\charrsid9320892 A}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 ssault}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892  contrary to Section 154}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815180\charrsid9320892 (}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 1) of the Penal Code Cap. 17}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482719\charrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 as amended.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 The second was for }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 Rape }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 contrary to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815180\charrsid9320892 S}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 ection 149 and 150 of the Penal Code.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3934398\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13382032\charrsid9320892 
\par [2]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 The victim of the offence was just over 10 years of age. She had reported the offence}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid880550\charrsid9320892 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892  two years after their commission.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 Although the prosecution sought an early hearing date, the case was first mentioned before a Magistrate on 29th January 2003 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid880550\charrsid9320892 
but }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 it did not come on for trial until 6th Feb}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815180\charrsid9320892 ruary}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892  2006.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 The petitioner represented himself at his trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13382032\charrsid9320892 
\par 
\par [3]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 On 31}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815180\charrsid9320892 st }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 March 2006 the petitioner was convicted by the Magistrates}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15102199 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 
 Court after a contest}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid880550\charrsid9320892 ed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892  trial on both charges.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 On 7th April 2006, he was sentenced to the following:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13382032\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 (a) Count 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482719\charrsid9320892 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 1 year}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15102199 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 s imprisonment
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 (b) Count}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2651290\charrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 2 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482719\charrsid9320892 - }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 10 year}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15102199 '}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 s imprisonment
\par The sentences on Counts 1 and 2 were to be served concurrently but subject to a pre-existing term.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13382032\charrsid9320892 
\par [4]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 On the 7th of April 2006 the petitioner appealed his conviction and sentence on the rape charge only to the High Court.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 He drafted his own grounds of Appeal to the High Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 In those grounds he made no complaints about any delay in the matter coming on for trial in the Magistrates}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15102199 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892  Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 
His appeal was heard by a Judge sitting in the Appellate Jurisdiction of the High Court on 1st December 2006.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 The pe
titioner was represented by }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661846\charrsid9320892 c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 ounsel at this hearing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 It appears from the Court Record that his counsel made no complaint about delay at the hearing of his High Court appeal.}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10426184\charrsid9320892 

\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482719\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13382032\charrsid9320892 [5]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 O}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482719\charrsid9320892 n}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892  2nd }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815180\charrsid9320892 February}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892  2007 the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661846\charrsid9320892 H}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 igh }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661846\charrsid9320892 C}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 ourt Judge allowed his appeal against the conviction and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2651290\charrsid9320892 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 
entence for rape but convicted the petitioner of the offence of defilement of a girl under the age of 13 years, for which the Judge sentenced the petitioner to a term of eight years impri}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2651290\charrsid9320892 son
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 ment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114222\charrsid9320892 Under Section 176 of the former Criminal Procedu
re Code Cap. 21, the offence of defilement is a statutory }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2651290\charrsid9320892 alternative to the offence of rape.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5837647\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10426184\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13382032\charrsid9320892 [6]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2651290\charrsid9320892 
The offences of rape and defilement of a girl under the age of 13 years both carry the same maximum sentence of life imprisonment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2651290\charrsid9320892 
In his sentencing remarks the High Court Judge said that he had discounted the otherwise appropriate sentence by one year }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15102199 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2651290\charrsid9320892 
for the lapse of time}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15102199 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2651290\charrsid9320892 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2651290\charrsid9320892 
The eight year term was directed to be served concurrently to the existing one year prison term for indecent assault and directed to commence on 7th of April 2006.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10426184\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2651290\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123381\charrsid9320892 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5837647\charrsid9320892 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123381\charrsid9320892 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2651290\charrsid9320892 
On 1st June 2007 the petitioner appeared in person before the President of the Court of Appeal seeking leave to appeal to the Court of Appeal against his conviction and sentence for the defilement offence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2651290\charrsid9320892 The President refused leave but advise}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661846\charrsid9320892 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2651290\charrsid9320892 
 the petitioner that he could apply }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661846\charrsid9320892 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2651290\charrsid9320892 o the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661846\charrsid9320892 F}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2651290\charrsid9320892 ull }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661846\charrsid9320892 C}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2651290\charrsid9320892 ourt of }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661846\charrsid9320892 A}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2651290\charrsid9320892 ppeal for leave.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2651290\charrsid9320892 The petitioner did this.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2651290\charrsid9320892 
His application for leave to appeal to the Full Court was approximately one week out of time.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2651290\charrsid9320892 It appears fr
om the Court Record that one of the grounds of appeal the petitioner alleged before the President was: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15102199 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2651290\charrsid9320892 
that there had been unreasonable delay and that he did not get a fair trial under Section 29(1) of the former Constitution and as such (the matter) should be permanently stay}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661846\charrsid9320892 ed}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15102199 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2651290\charrsid9320892 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8486194\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2515283\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5837647\charrsid9320892 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8596526\charrsid9320892 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5837647\charrsid9320892 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2651290\charrsid9320892 The remaining grounds of appeal were questions of mixed fact and law.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2651290\charrsid9320892 
His appeal was made under Sections 22 (1) and 22(1A) of the Court of Appeal Act.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2651290\charrsid9320892 
These provisions restrict appeals to the Court of Appeal from judgments of the High Court in its appellate jurisdiction }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15102199 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2651290\charrsid9320892 
to questions of law only}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15102199 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2651290\charrsid9320892 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164828\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482719\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14949836\charrsid9320892 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8596526\charrsid9320892 9}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14949836\charrsid9320892 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8391285\charrsid9320892 The petitioner}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15102199 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8391285\charrsid9320892 
s application for leave to appeal to the Court of Appeal was heard by the Full Court on the 8th April 2008.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8391285\charrsid9320892 
The only ground of appeal raised by him which could be classified as purely one of law was the ground concerning delay and an unfair trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10426184\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8391285\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14949836\charrsid9320892 [1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8596526\charrsid9320892 0}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14949836\charrsid9320892 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8391285\charrsid9320892 The Court delivered two judgments, the one by a single judge and the other a joint judgment by the other two judges.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8391285\charrsid9320892 One of the judges granted the petitioner leave to appeal o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661846\charrsid9320892 n}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8391285\charrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661846\charrsid9320892 all }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8391285\charrsid9320892 his grounds of appeal including those of mixed fact and law.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8391285\charrsid9320892 The other two judges granted leave only in respect of the ground alleging delay giving rise to an unfair trial. These two ju
dges refused leave to the petitioner to argue on appeal his other grounds which related to alleged lack of corroboration and insufficiencies in medical evidence on the basis that those other grounds were hopeless.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8391285\charrsid9320892 The Court of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661846\charrsid9320892 A}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8391285\charrsid9320892 ppeal in i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661846\charrsid9320892 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8391285\charrsid9320892 s judgment of the
 21st of November 2008 agreed with the observation of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661846\charrsid9320892 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8391285\charrsid9320892 majority judgment and dismissed his appeal.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8391285\charrsid9320892 The conviction and sentence imposed by the High Court Judge for the offence of defilement of a girl under the age of 13 years was confirmed.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10426184\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8391285\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14949836\charrsid9320892 [1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8596526\charrsid9320892 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14949836\charrsid9320892 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8391285\charrsid9320892 On 30th of December 2008 the petitioner filed an application for special leave to appeal to this Court after the dismissal of his appeal by the Court of Appeal.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16324928\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10426184\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8391285\charrsid9320892 GROUNDS OF APPEAL TO THIS COURT
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8391285\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14949836\charrsid9320892 [1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8596526\charrsid9320892 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14949836\charrsid9320892 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8391285\charrsid9320892 The grounds of appeal by the petitioner for special leave to appeal are as follows:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8391285 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8391285\charrsid9320892 (i)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8391285\charrsid9320892 that there had been unreasonable delay;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8391285\charrsid9320892 (ii)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8391285\charrsid9320892 that the learned Judge erred in law in failing to give adequate or proper directions on sentence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5789915\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5789915\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123381\charrsid9320892 [1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8596526\charrsid9320892 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6123381\charrsid9320892 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8391285\charrsid9320892 In his}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892  su}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8391285\charrsid9320892 bmission to}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4875864\charrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8391285\charrsid9320892 this Court the petitioner relies on the following amended }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 
grounds of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11558384\charrsid9320892 appeal:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5789915\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 (i)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 the petitioner}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15102199 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 s trial was delayed unreasonably and unconstitutionally.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 (ii)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 The learned Magistrate erred in law and breached Section 206}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482719\charrsid9320892 (c)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8591399\charrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 of the Criminal Procedure Code when he did not proceed to trial after the guilty plea on 2
9th of January 2003, 20th of June 2003, and 16th of January 2004.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 
Further because at the beginning of his trial on the 6th of Feb 2006 the Court did not take any plea from the petitioner his trial was thus a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12877088\charrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 nu}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661846\charrsid9320892 ll}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 ity.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 (iii)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 He was wrongfully convicted for defilement following the setting aside of his conviction of rape.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 (iv)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 The sentence was outside the jurisdictional limits of the Magistrate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15102199 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 
s Court.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16324928\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10295917\charrsid9320892 [1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8596526\charrsid9320892 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10295917\charrsid9320892 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 Grounds }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12877088\charrsid9320892 (ii)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 , }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12877088\charrsid9320892 (iii)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892  and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12877088\charrsid9320892 (iv)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892  were not raised in the Court of Appeal and the petitioner was specifically given a right of appeal by that Court to argue only the issue of delay.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 Accordingly this Court refuses to consider those grounds.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16324928\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 THE LAW}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6382711\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10044569\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6382711\charrsid9320892 [1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8596526\charrsid9320892 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6382711\charrsid9320892 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 Under Section 7(2) of the Supreme Court Act 1998 this Court which is the final Appellate Court must not grant special leave to appeal on a criminal matter unless: }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5267844\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5789915\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 (a)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 a question of general legal importance is involved;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 (b)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 a substantial question of principle affecting the administration of criminal justice is involved or;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 (c)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 a substantial and grave injustice may otherwise occur.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5789915\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 THE ISSUE OF DELAY
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5267844\charrsid9320892 [1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8596526\charrsid9320892 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5267844\charrsid9320892 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 The principles regarding delay can be stated as first pre-charge delay and second post-charge systemic delay.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1980333\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1980333\charrsid9320892 [1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8596526\charrsid9320892 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1980333\charrsid9320892 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 There was a two year delay in the reporting of this case to the police.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 
At Common Law the authorities are to the effect that where a victim delays reporting a case the test is not whether the delay is justified but whether a fair trial was possible.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11810181\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1980333\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11810181\charrsid9320892 [1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8596526\charrsid9320892 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11810181\charrsid9320892 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 Whether or not a fair trial was possible in any given case depends on the facts of each case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358458\charrsid9320892 They include the ability of the defence to run a defence because of the delay.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358458\charrsid9320892 In }{\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358458\charrsid9320892 R. v. J.A.K (1992) CRIM. LR 30}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358458\charrsid9320892 , O
gnall, J in the Crown Court held that a fair trial would not be possible because the defence was unable to cross-examine the victim about the reasons for the delay due to the fact that such cross-examination would disclose other offences committed by the 
accused on his daughter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358458\charrsid9320892 In }{\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358458\charrsid9320892 R.V v. Jenkins (1998) C}{
\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815180\charrsid9320892 RIM}{\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358458\charrsid9320892 .L.R 411}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358458\charrsid9320892 
 a stay was granted because of evidence of contamination of the evidence of two sisters, inconsistencies in their evidence, their ages at the time of the inciden}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2317207\charrsid9320892 ts}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358458\charrsid9320892  (they were 5 years old), the lack of any reason for the delay, and because it was not a case where the accused lived with the complainants.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358458\charrsid9320892 However, this case must be regarded as exceptional because it has been held that long delays before complaints are made in sexual cases have not led to a pre-}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2317207\charrsid9320892 char}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358458\charrsid9320892 ge delay.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10044569\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078711\charrsid9320892 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8596526\charrsid9320892 19}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078711\charrsid9320892 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358458\charrsid9320892 R.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815180\charrsid9320892  v}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358458\charrsid9320892 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815180\charrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358458\charrsid9320892 J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815180\charrsid9320892 .A.K}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358458\charrsid9320892  and R.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815180\charrsid9320892 v}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358458\charrsid9320892 
. Jenkins are obviously distinguishable on their facts from those in the instant petition, where, as we have said}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2317207\charrsid9320892 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2324326\charrsid9320892 
 the real issue }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2317207\charrsid9320892 is whether}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2324326\charrsid9320892  there is systemic }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2317207\charrsid9320892 delay }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2324326\charrsid9320892 such as to deprive }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2317207\charrsid9320892 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2324326\charrsid9320892 petitioner of his 
right to a fair trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2515283\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5789915\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2324326\charrsid9320892 THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014731\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2324326\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3033682\charrsid9320892 [2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8596526\charrsid9320892 0}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3033682\charrsid9320892 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2324326\charrsid9320892 Most common law jurisdiction}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2317207\charrsid9320892 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2324326\charrsid9320892  recognize the right of }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2317207\charrsid9320892 an }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2324326\charrsid9320892 accused person to a fair trial without unreasonable delay.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2324326\charrsid9320892 That right is set out in Article 8 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to which Fiji}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2317207\charrsid9320892  is a party and}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2324326\charrsid9320892  in the International Covenant on Civil Political Rights, Article 9(3).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2324326\charrsid9320892 
Fiji has not ratified this Covenant but the provisions of it have been incorporated in successive Constitutions in Fiji since 1970.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3033682 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3033682\charrsid9320892 [2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8596526\charrsid9320892 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3033682\charrsid9320892 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2324326\charrsid9320892 Although Fiji has not had any P}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2317207\charrsid9320892 arliament}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2324326\charrsid9320892 
 for some years, the existing Government }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12980903\charrsid9320892 has shown its willingness to respect the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on
 Civil and Political Rights by its passing of the Crimes Decree, 2009 which incorporates the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12980903\charrsid9320892 The Courts here have shown at all levels their respect for the rights of accused persons to a fair trial, that is a trial according to law.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12980903\charrsid9320892 
This includes the right to counsel, the right to disclosure, the right to adequate time and facilities in order to prepare a defence, the right to remain silent, and the right to trial without delay. That right has been expre
ssed in numerous cases at Common Law and the following principles may now be stated as basic to the Common Law:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4941584\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12980903\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12980903\charrsid9320892 (i)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12980903\charrsid9320892 even where delay is unjustifiable a permanent stay is the exception and not the rule.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12980903 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12980903\charrsid9320892 (ii)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12980903\charrsid9320892 where there is no fault on the part of the prosecution, very rarely will a stay be granted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12980903 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8786834 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8786834\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12980903\charrsid9320892 (iii)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12980903\charrsid9320892 no}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815180\charrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12980903\charrsid9320892 
stay should be granted in the absence of any serious prejudice to the defence so that no fair trial can be held and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892 ;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12980903 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8786834 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8786834\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12980903\charrsid9320892 (iv)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12980903\charrsid9320892 on the issue of prejudice, the trial court has processes which can deal with the admissibility of evidence if it can be shown there is prejudice to an accused as a result of delay.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2515283\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10888657\charrsid9320892 [2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8596526\charrsid9320892 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10888657\charrsid9320892 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12980903\charrsid9320892 In }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747905\charrsid9320892 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12980903\charrsid9320892 A}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747905\charrsid9320892 ttorney }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12980903\charrsid9320892 G}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747905\charrsid9320892 eneral}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15102199 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12980903\charrsid9320892 s Reference (No.1 of 1990) reported in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12877088\charrsid9320892 (}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12980903\charrsid9320892 1992) CR. APP.R.296, t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747905\charrsid9320892 he E}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12980903\charrsid9320892 ngli}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747905\charrsid9320892 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12980903\charrsid9320892 h Court of Appeal }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747905\charrsid9320892 
stated that delay due merely to the complexity of the case or contributed to by the actions of a defendant himself should never be the foundation for a stay.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747905\charrsid9320892 The Court said that the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2317207\charrsid9320892 re}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747905\charrsid9320892  should never be a stay unles
s the defendant showed on the balance of probabilities that due to delay he would suffer serious prejudice to the extent that no fair trial could be held.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4941584\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10888657\charrsid9320892 
\par [2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8596526\charrsid9320892 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10888657\charrsid9320892 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747905\charrsid9320892 In }
{\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747905\charrsid9320892 Apaitia Seru v. State (2003) FJ.CA,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747905\charrsid9320892  the question of delay was considered under }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11558384\charrsid9320892 the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747905\charrsid9320892  1997 Constitution.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747905\charrsid9320892 The Court held that because there had been a 4 year 10 months delay, prejudice was presumed. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10888657\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2515283\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10888657\charrsid9320892 [2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8596526\charrsid9320892 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10888657\charrsid9320892 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747905\charrsid9320892 Seru was revisited in }{\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747905\charrsid9320892 Mohammed Sharif Shaim v. State MISC.ACTION No. 17 of 2007}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747905\charrsid9320892 , a decision made before the abrogation of the Constitution.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747905\charrsid9320892 
The High Court had held that a 5 year delay after charges had been laid in the Suva Magistrates Court was unreasonable. However, instead of ordering a stay, the High Court had ordered that the trial commence within 4}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2317207\charrsid9320892 0}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747905\charrsid9320892  days.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747905\charrsid9320892 
The question before the Court of Appeal was whether in accordance with dicta in Seru a stay had to be ordered whenever there was unreasonable delay and despite the absence of proof of specific prejudice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747905\charrsid9320892 The Court held that the governing factor must always be whether an accused can b
e tried fairly without any impairment in the conduct of his defence and that if that question can be answered affirmatively, the prosecution should not be stayed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10888657\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358458\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747905\charrsid9320892 [25]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815180\charrsid9320892 
From the Case Law this Court at the risk of re-affirming well established principles and for the guidance of the courts and the public states the following factors as relevant to any case in which the question of delay affecting a fair trial is an issue:}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815180 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815180\charrsid9320892 (i)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815180\charrsid9320892 the length of the delay;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815180\charrsid9320892 (ii)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815180\charrsid9320892 the reason for the delay;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815180 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815180\charrsid9320892 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9320892 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815180\charrsid9320892 whether or not a defendant has asserted his or }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12877088\charrsid9320892 her right to a speedy trial and}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815180 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815180\charrsid9320892 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iv)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9320892 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815180\charrsid9320892 the extent of any prejudice.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747905\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758739\charrsid9320892 [26]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758739\charrsid9320892 
At all times the Court must take into account local circumstances such as Fiji}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15102199 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7758739\charrsid9320892 s limited resources, and particularly those available to 
the administration of Justice. 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5789915\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13713922\charrsid9320892 [27]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042391\charrsid9320892 At paragraph 25 of its judgment the Court of Appeal said that}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2317207\charrsid9320892 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15102199 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2317207\charrsid9320892 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042391\charrsid9320892 
here are many previous decision}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2317207\charrsid9320892 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042391\charrsid9320892  of this Court which have
 reviewed the relevant principles concerning delay and the proper application to the facts of the individual case of the terms in Section 29 (3) of the former Constitution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15102199 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042391\charrsid9320892 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042391\charrsid9320892 The Court then said: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15102199 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482719\charrsid9320892 The collected jurisprudence shows us that there are many different factors to consider when determining if an appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15102199 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482719\charrsid9320892 s case was determined within a reasonable time. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5789915 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482719\charrsid9320892 These factors include:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13713922 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482719\charrsid9320892 (a)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482719\charrsid9320892 The length of the delay;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482719 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482719\charrsid9320892 (b)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482719\charrsid9320892 The reasons for the delay (including on the part of the accused, the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482719\charrsid9320892 
judiciary, the prosecution or legal aid);}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482719 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11558384\charrsid9320892 (c)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11558384\charrsid9320892 The inherent time requirements of the case;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482719 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11558384\charrsid9320892 (d)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11558384\charrsid9320892 The limitations on institutional resources (including the judiciary, the prosecution and legal aid);}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11558384 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11558384\charrsid9320892 (e)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11558384\charrsid9320892 Any waiver by an accused of his rights;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11558384 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11558384\charrsid9320892 (f)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11558384\charrsid9320892 Acquiescence to delay by an accused;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11558384 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11558384\charrsid9320892 (g)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11558384\charrsid9320892 The effect of delay on the fairness of a trial;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11558384 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11558384\charrsid9320892 (h)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11558384\charrsid9320892 Any prejudice to the accused cause by the delay.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13713922\charrsid9320892 
\par [28]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042391\charrsid9320892 The Court then said that the above list was not intended to be exhaust}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2317207\charrsid9320892 
ive }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042391\charrsid9320892 because each case must be examined in the context of its own particular facts before unreasonableness can be determined.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042391\charrsid9320892 It said: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15102199 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482719\charrsid9320892 
One must balance all the particular circumstances of a case and then determine firstly whether the length of the delay is unreasonable, and secondly, even if the delay was unreasonable determine whether it affected the fairness of the trial.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15102199 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482719\charrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13713922\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11558384\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13713922\charrsid9320892 [29]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042391\charrsid9320892 We agree with these remarks.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13713922\charrsid9320892 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042391\charrsid9320892 [30]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042391\charrsid9320892 
Earlier the Court of Appeal said that the Court Record reflected a sorry chronology}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042391\charrsid9320892 of some 45 adjournments before the matter f
inally came on for trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042391\charrsid9320892 It then said: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15102199 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042391\charrsid9320892 But the large number of adjournments is somewhat misleading.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042391\charrsid9320892 
The reasons stated for the adjournments on the Court Record are more enlightening.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042391\charrsid9320892 
There is no doubt that many of the adjournments were simply due to the unavailability at Lautoka of sufficient Magistrates to enable matters to be heard in a timely manner.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042391\charrsid9320892 But many of the adjournments were at the request of the appellant after withdrawal of defence counsel, after the sacking of defence counsel or whilst the 
appellant sought legal aid on 9th April 2003, 28th April 2003, 13th May 2003, 3rd October 2003, 17th October 2003, 16th January 2004, 22nd November 2004 and 31st January 2005}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15102199 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042391\charrsid9320892 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13713922\charrsid9320892 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4875864\charrsid9320892 [31]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4875864\charrsid9320892 When this Court put the above passage to the petitioner he agreed.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4875864\charrsid9320892 He also agreed that only on one occasion did he ask for a hearing date (13th January 2006).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4875864\charrsid9320892 He also agreed that the Court Record showed that not once did he or legal aid solicitors appearing on occasion for him oppose the matter being further adjourned or complain}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2317207\charrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4875864\charrsid9320892 about delay or breach of his right to be tried within a reasonable time.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4875864\charrsid9320892 Just a few of the adjournments were at the request of the prosecution.
\par 
\par [32]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4875864\charrsid9320892 This leads this Court to the inescapable conclusion that the petitioner is the cause of his own problems as far as delay is concerned.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4875864\charrsid9320892 
The Court is satisfied that there are no questions of general legal importance in this case nor a substantial question of principle affecting criminal justice, nor will substantial or grave injustice occur if leave is not granted.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4875864\charrsid9320892 
\par 
\par [33]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4875864\charrsid9320892 For these reasons the petitioner}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15102199 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4875864\charrsid9320892 s application of the 30th of December 2008 for special leave to appeal to this Court is dismissed.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5789915\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4420853\charrsid9320892 Dated at Suva this }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9519277\charrsid9320892 13th }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10436540\charrsid9320892 day }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4420853\charrsid9320892 of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358458\charrsid9320892 August }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4420853\charrsid9320892 2010.
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4420853\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4420853\charrsid9320892 J}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9985121\charrsid9320892 ohn }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4420853\charrsid9320892 E. B}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9985121\charrsid9320892 yrne}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5267844\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4875864\charrsid9320892 Judge of the Supreme Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4875864\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4941584\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358458\charrsid9320892 W}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4875864\charrsid9320892 illiam R. }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358458\charrsid9320892 M}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9985121\charrsid9320892 arshall}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5267844\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4875864\charrsid9320892 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358458\charrsid9320892 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9320892 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358458\charrsid9320892 P}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4875864\charrsid9320892 aul}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358458\charrsid9320892  K. M}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9985121\charrsid9320892 adigan}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13382032\charrsid9320892 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4875864\charrsid9320892 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }}