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\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1137314\charrsid796737 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE FIJI ISLANDS
\par AT SUVA
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1137314\charrsid796737 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. CAV0016 OF 2008S
\par (Fiji Court of Appeal No.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6964258\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1137314\charrsid796737 AAU00}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6430516\charrsid796737 34 }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1137314\charrsid796737 of 200}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6430516\charrsid796737 8S}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1137314\charrsid796737 )
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\par Coram:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1137314\charrsid796737 The Hon Justice Kenneth Handley, Judge of the Supreme Court
\par The Hon Justice David Ipp, Judge of the Supreme Court
\par The Hon Justice Ronald Sackville, Judge of the Supreme Court
\par 
\par Hearing:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1137314\charrsid796737 Monday, 9th February 2009, Suva
\par 
\par Counsel:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1137314\charrsid796737 Petitioner in Person
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12084500\charrsid796737 Mr J. Naigulevu }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1137314\charrsid796737 for the Respondent
\par 
\par Date of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1137314\charrsid796737 Judgment:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1137314\charrsid796737 Thursday, 12th February 2009, Suva
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\fs24\insrsid15759135\charrsid796737 T}{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 his is a petition for special leave to appeal from a decision of Hickie JA sitting as a single judge of the Court of Appeal.
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\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 The petitioner was found guilty by three assessors of robbery with violence and unlawful use of a motor vehicle.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
He was sentenced by Goundar J to 10 years imprisonment for the offence of robbe}{\fs24\insrsid12084500\charrsid796737 ry with violence and four}{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
 months imprisonment for the unlawful use of a motor vehicle, the sentences to be served concurrently.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 The petitioner appealed }{\fs24\insrsid12084500\charrsid796737 
to the Court of Appeal }{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 against his conviction and sentence.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 Hickie JA}{\fs24\insrsid12084500\charrsid796737 , sitting alone, dismi}{
\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 ssed the appeal.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid12084500\charrsid796737 The petitioner now petitions for special leave to appeal against conviction.}{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
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\fs24\insrsid12084500\charrsid796737 T}{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 he petitioner relies on several grounds of appeal.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 In summary they are as follows:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 Goundar J was appointed after December 2006 and his appointment was not in accordance with the constitution.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 The petitioner elected to be tried in the Magistrate\rquote 
s Court, but was tried in the High Court; Goundar J should not have heard the matter.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 The criminal proceedings against the petitioner were not brought within a reasonable time.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 d)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
Goundar J should have arranged for the petitioner to be legally represented at the trial; in consequence the petitioner did not receive a fair trial.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid3501690\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid3501690\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 e)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid3501690\charrsid796737 Goundar J did not explain to the petitioner the consequences of him giving }{
\fs24\insrsid12861495\charrsid796737 unsworn}{\fs24\insrsid3501690\charrsid796737  in evidence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 f)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 After his arrest the petitioner was kept in custody for more than 60 hours notwithstanding that, under s 27(3
}{\fs24\insrsid3107470\charrsid796737 ) (}{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 b) of the Constitution, he had the right to be brought before a court no later than 48 hours after the time of arrest.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 g)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 Goundar J erred in failing to exclude the appellant\rquote s confession.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 h)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
Goundar J failed to direct the assessors properly in regard to the fact that none of the witnesses at the scene identified him and that his confession was unlawfully obtained.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid6840541\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 i)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 Goundar J did not give due credit to the evidence of a defence witness who testified that the petitioner was assaulted by the police at the police station during his interrogation.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid3501690\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 The argument based on constitutionality of the appointment of the trial judge fails.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 Importantly, the petitio
ner did not raise this issue at the trial or on appeal to the Court of Appeal.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 Unlike the situation in }{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 Forge}{
\b\fs24\ul\insrsid14768884\charrsid796737  v}{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737  Australian Securities And Investments Commission}{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737  [2006] HCA 44; (2006) 228 CLR 45, the circumstances surrounding Goundar J
\rquote s appointment are }{\fs24\insrsid3501690\charrsid796737 likely to be relevant to the petitioner\rquote s argument.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
The validity of the appointment may well depend on the relevant circumstances existing at the time of the appointment (Forge at [7], 57) }{\fs24\insrsid3501690\charrsid796737 and }{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 whether }{
\fs24\insrsid3501690\charrsid796737 those circumstances }{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 had a bearing on the decision on the part of the government to make the appointment (Forge at [9], 58).}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{
\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 Had the argument been raised, evidence could have been adduced by the State that }{\fs24\insrsid12861495\charrsid796737 mi}{\fs24\insrsid3501690\charrsid796737 ght }{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
have prevented the argument from succeeding.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 This is sufficient to preclude the petitioner from raising the argument at this late stage:}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 Suttor v Gundowda Pty Ltd}{
\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737  [1958] HCA 35; (1950) 81 CLR 418 at 438; }{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 Coulton v Holcombe}{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737  [1986] HCA 33; (1986) 162 CLR 1 at 8.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737 
 }{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 It is generally accepted that the acts of a de facto public officer done in apparent execution of his office cannot be challenged on the ground that he has no title to the office (but compare Kirby J in Forge
 at [168], 114 to [175], }{\fs24\insrsid3107470\charrsid796737 and 115}{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 ).}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 As McHugh JA said in GJ }{
\b\fs24\ul\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 Coles v Retail Trade Industrial Tribunal}{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737  (1986) 7 NSWLR 503 at 525 }{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737 "}{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 it matters
 not that his appointment to the office was defective or has expired or in some cases even that he is a usurper}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737 "}{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 .}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{
\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 The de facto doctrine has been held to apply to judicial officers:}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 see GJ }{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
Coles & Co Ltd v Retail Trade Industrial Tribunal}{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737  at 526 and cases cited at 526 \endash  527, in particular }{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 Re Aldridge}{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
 (1893) 15 NZLR 361.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 As McHugh JA points out at 526 the rule can be traced to the 15th century (Abbot of Fountaine\rquote s Case (YB 9 H VI 33)).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid6840541\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 8.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 In Forge the High Court of Australia }{\fs24\insrsid3501690\charrsid796737 permitted}{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737  an argument concernin
g the validity of the appointment of an acting judge of the New South Wales Supreme Court to be }{\fs24\insrsid8074352\charrsid796737 put,}{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
 notwithstanding that that argument had not been raised in the trial court or in the New South Wales Court of Appeal.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 According to Kirby J it was sufficien
t that the point was raised in proceedings that were }{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737 "}{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 still alive before the Australian Judicature}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737 "}{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
 ([166], 113).}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 It is not necessary to decide whether this Court would adopt the same approach.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
For the reasons given based on the principles in Suttor v Gundowda Pty Ltd and Coulton v Holcombe, the argument cannot now be }{\fs24\insrsid8074352\charrsid796737 put}{\fs24\insrsid7014916\charrsid796737  for the first time in this Court.}{
\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 9.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 There is no substance in the petitioner\rquote s complaint that he should have been tried in the Magistrate\rquote s Court.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid7014916\charrsid796737 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid1966261\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid7014916\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 10.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid7014916\charrsid796737 Firstly, the petitioner had no right to elect to be tried in the Magistrate\rquote s Court.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid7014916\charrsid796737 
The relevant legislation is s.3 of the Electable Offences Decree 1988 which provides:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid7014916\charrsid796737 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737 "}{\fs24\insrsid7014916\charrsid796737 
No person charged with an offence under the Penal Code shall be entitled to elect to be tried before th}{\fs24\insrsid9968075\charrsid796737 e}{\fs24\insrsid7014916\charrsid796737  High Court un
less the offence with which he has been charged in all Electable Offence.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737 "}{\fs24\insrsid7014916\charrsid796737 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid9968075\charrsid796737 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid9968075\charrsid796737 This section entitles a person to elect to be tried in the High Court, not in the Magistrate\rquote s Court.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid9968075\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid9968075\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 11.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid9968075\charrsid796737 Secondly, although in interlocutory hearings on 11 February and 7 March 2005}{\fs24\insrsid12861495\charrsid796737  the petitioner and his c}{\fs24\insrsid9968075\charrsid796737 
ounsel indicated that the petitioner wished to be tried in the Magistrate\rquote s Court, }{\fs24\insrsid12861495\charrsid796737 c}{\fs24\insrsid9968075\charrsid796737 
ounsel for the State elected to transfer this matter to the High Court (and the State was entitled to make that election}{\fs24\insrsid12861495\charrsid796737 )}{\fs24\insrsid9968075\charrsid796737 .}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{
\fs24\insrsid9968075\charrsid796737 Thereafter, in interlocutory hearing}{\fs24\insrsid12861495\charrsid796737 s}{\fs24\insrsid9968075\charrsid796737  before the trial, the petitioner did not contend that the matter should be heard in the Magistrate
\rquote s Court.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid9968075\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid1966261\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 12.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid1966261\charrsid796737 Thirdly, }{\fs24\insrsid12861495\charrsid796737 at }{\fs24\insrsid1966261\charrsid796737 the inception of the trial before Goundar J in the High Court, the petitioner stated that he was ready for the trial to proceed.}{
\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid1966261\charrsid796737 At no point during the trial and not even in the Court of Appeal did the petitioner contend that he should have been tried in the Magistrate\rquote s Court.}{
\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid1966261\charrsid796737 It is now too late for the petitioner to advance this argument.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid1966261\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid1966261\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 13.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid1966261\charrsid796737 In any event, the fact that the petitioner was tried in the High Court did not give rise to any injustice.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid1966261\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid9397654\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 14.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid9397654\charrsid796737 In support of }{\fs24\insrsid9968075\charrsid796737 his argument that the proceedings were not brought within a reasonable time, the petitioner submitted that, by reason of the State\rquote s delay of some }{
\fs24\insrsid9397654\charrsid796737 three and a half years, he was not able to call }{\fs24\insrsid12861495\charrsid796737 a }{\fs24\insrsid9397654\charrsid796737 significant witness.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{
\fs24\insrsid9397654\charrsid796737 He said that }{\fs24\insrsid12861495\charrsid796737 the}{\fs24\insrsid9397654\charrsid796737  witness would have testified that the petitioner had been employed by }{\fs24\insrsid12861495\charrsid796737 him }{
\fs24\insrsid9397654\charrsid796737 on a contract basis to work at the victim\rquote s premises and }{\fs24\insrsid12861495\charrsid796737 he}{\fs24\insrsid9397654\charrsid796737  required }{\fs24\insrsid12861495\charrsid796737 the petitioner}{
\fs24\insrsid9397654\charrsid796737  to leave that work, either shortly b}{\fs24\insrsid12861495\charrsid796737 efore or immediately after the c}{\fs24\insrsid9397654\charrsid796737 ommission of this offence, and to work elsewhere.}{
\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid9397654\charrsid796737 The petitioner submitted that this evidence would have established that the fact that }{\fs24\insrsid12861495\charrsid796737 he}{\fs24\insrsid9397654\charrsid796737 
 ceased working at the victim\rquote s premises}{\fs24\insrsid12861495\charrsid796737  at the time in question }{\fs24\insrsid9397654\charrsid796737 did not give ris}{\fs24\insrsid12861495\charrsid796737 e}{\fs24\insrsid9397654\charrsid796737 
 to any suspicious inferences.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid9968075\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid9397654\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 15.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid9397654\charrsid796737 This argument is not persuasive.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid9397654\charrsid796737 
Firstly, during the trial the petitioner gave unsworn evidence in which he made no mention of the fact that he was required by the witness to stop working at the victim\rquote s premises.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{
\fs24\insrsid9397654\charrsid796737 Secondly, the petitioner did not advance this explanation for his conduct when putting his argument on appeal to Hickie JA.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid9779229\charrsid796737 
Thirdly, the victim testified that the petitioner had worked at his }{\fs24\insrsid3082823\charrsid796737 home}{\fs24\insrsid9779229\charrsid796737  doing renovations but on the }{\fs24\insrsid3082823\charrsid796737 n}{\fs24\insrsid9779229\charrsid796737 
ight of the offence}{\fs24\insrsid3082823\charrsid796737 ,}{\fs24\insrsid9779229\charrsid796737  and the day after}{\fs24\insrsid3082823\charrsid796737 ,}{\fs24\insrsid9779229\charrsid796737  the petitioner did not c}{\fs24\insrsid3082823\charrsid796737 
ome}{\fs24\insrsid9779229\charrsid796737  to the house.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid9779229\charrsid796737 The petitioner did not directly challenge this testimony when cross-examining him.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid9779229\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid14823626\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 16.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid14823626\charrsid796737 The petitioner was legally represented during early}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid14823626\charrsid796737 interlocutory proceedings prior to the trial.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{
\fs24\insrsid14823626\charrsid796737 He was also represented shortly before the trial when he appeared in response to a bench warrant and on two occasions thereafter in connection with bail applications.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{
\fs24\insrsid14823626\charrsid796737 On 17 January 2008 the trial was adjourned to 31 January.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid14823626\charrsid796737 On that day the trial was adjourned to 11 February.}{
\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid14823626\charrsid796737 On 11 February the trial commenced with a voir dire and the petitioner is recorded as being }{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737 "}{\fs24\insrsid14823626\charrsid796737 
ready for trial within a trial.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737 " }{\fs24\insrsid2323484\charrsid796737 The voir dire }{\fs24\insrsid15353329\charrsid796737 continued until 16 February 2008 when Goundar J ruled that the petitioner\rquote 
s interviews with the police}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid15353329\charrsid796737 were admissible.}{\fs24\insrsid9397654\charrsid796737 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid15353329\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid15353329\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 17.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid15353329\charrsid796737 The petitioner thereupon sought an adjournment to engage a lawyer.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid15353329\charrsid796737 The Judge\rquote s ruling in this regard was as follows:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid15353329\charrsid796737 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737 "}{\fs24\insrsid15353329\charrsid796737 The accused has been given ample opportunity to engage a counsel.}{
\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid15353329\charrsid796737 We are in the middle of a trial.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid15353329\charrsid796737 The complainant has
 arrived from New Zealand and is due to return on 17 February 2008.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid15353329\charrsid796737 I have noticed that the accused was able to competently cross-examine the witness in the trial within a trial.}
{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid15353329\charrsid796737 I will continue to assist him with his rights and advise him of the trial procedure.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid15353329\charrsid796737 
Adjournment is refused.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737 "}{\fs24\insrsid15353329\charrsid796737 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid15353329\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid1337162\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 18.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid1337162\charrsid796737 Hickie JA, on appeal, accepted the submission t}{\fs24\insrsid6840541\charrsid796737 hat the petitioner had to show }{\fs24\insrsid1337162\charrsid796737 how he was disadvantaged }{\fs24\insrsid3082823\charrsid796737 
in }{\fs24\insrsid1337162\charrsid796737 not having a lawyer at the trial and he had failed to do so.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid6840541\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid6840541\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 19.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid6840541\charrsid796737 As was pointed out in }{\b\fs24\ul\insrsid6840541\charrsid796737 Ledua v State}{\fs24\insrsid6840541\charrsid796737  [2008] FJSC 31,
 it is well established that the Constitution does not give an absolute right, in every case, to be given the services of a legal practitioner, paid for by the State; nor an absolute }{\fs24\insrsid3082823\charrsid796737 right }{
\fs24\insrsid6840541\charrsid796737 to a lawyer of one\rquote s choosing.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid6840541\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid609914\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 20.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid609914\charrsid796737 We are }{\fs24\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737 not persuaded, in the circumstances described, }{\fs24\insrsid3082823\charrsid796737 that}{\fs24\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737 
 the trial Judge erred in refusing to adjourn the trial to enable the petitioner to attempt to obtain legal representation.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737 Nor a}{\fs24\insrsid2061616\charrsid796737 re we}{
\fs24\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737  persuaded that Hickie JA erred in }{\fs24\insrsid3082823\charrsid796737 concluding}{\fs24\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737  that the absence of }{\fs24\insrsid3082823\charrsid796737 a }{
\fs24\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737 legal representative did not cause the petitioner material prejudice.}{\fs24\insrsid15353329\charrsid796737 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid15353329\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid3082823\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 21.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid3082823\charrsid796737 As regards the argument that the consequences of not giving sworn evidence were not explained to him, t}{\fs24\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737 he record reveals that Goundar J explained }{
\fs24\insrsid3082823\charrsid796737 the following }{\fs24\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737 to the petitioner:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid796737\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls19\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737 "}{\fs24\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737 Right to remain silent
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid6840541\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls19\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737 Right to give unsworn evidence (not the subject of cross-examination)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls19\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737 Right to give sworn evidence.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737 "}{\fs24\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid6840541\charrsid796737 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737 The record reveals further that the petitioner indicated that he was ready to give unsworn evidence.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 22.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737 The petitioner did not raise }{\fs24\insrsid3082823\charrsid796737 this argument }{\fs24\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737 in his appeal to Hickie JA.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{
\fs24\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737 It is also not a ground in his petition.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737 It was raised }{\fs24\insrsid3082823\charrsid796737 before this court }{
\fs24\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737 apparently as an after}{\fs24\insrsid3082823\charrsid796737 -}{\fs24\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737  thought, in th}{\fs24\insrsid3082823\charrsid796737 e}{\fs24\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737  course of}{
\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid3082823\charrsid796737 the petitioner\rquote s}{\fs24\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737  written submissions.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid6840541\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 23.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737 Accordingly, the argument }{\fs24\insrsid3082823\charrsid796737 must be }{\fs24\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737 rejected.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid3502173\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid6840541\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 24.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid6840541\charrsid796737 The argument based on the petitioner\rquote 
s contention that he was in custody for 60 hours prior to giving his statement to the police cannot succeed. The voluntariness of his confession was dealt with in a voir dire at the trial and Goundar J found against the petitioner in this regard.}{
\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid6840541\charrsid796737 His Lordship\rquote s decision in this respect was upheld by Hickie JA on appeal and Hickie JA has not been shown to be wrong.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{
\fs24\insrsid6840541\charrsid796737 Thus, even if the petitioner was in custody for the period he asse}{\fs24\insrsid3082823\charrsid796737 r}{\fs24\insrsid6840541\charrsid796737 ts (and this has not been proved), this did not affect the fai
rness of the trial.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid6840541\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 25.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 The argument that Goundar J should have excluded the petitioner\rquote s confession was rejected by Hickie JA.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
His Lordship gave detailed reasons for his decision and, as I have stated, these have not been shown to be wrong.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 26.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 The petitioner\rquote s complaints about the identification evidence are irrelevant as identification was not an issue at the trial.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 27.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 The other grounds on which the petitioner relies involve, essentially, issues of credibility where the assessors found against the petitioner, as they were entitled to do.}{\fs24\insrsid796737\charrsid796737  }{
\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 No error has been shown on the part of Goundar J in regard to the directions he gave concerning these matters.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 28.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {
\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 In the circumstances the petition for special leave to appeal must be dismissed.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\insrsid11875598\charrsid796737 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx270\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14768884\charrsid796737 Hon Justice Kenneth Handley
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14768884\charrsid796737 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14768884\charrsid796737 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14768884\charrsid796737 Hon Justice David Ipp
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14768884\charrsid796737 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14768884\charrsid796737 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14768884\charrsid796737 Hon Justice Ronald Sackville
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14768884\charrsid796737 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14768884\charrsid796737 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14768884\charrsid796737 Solicitors:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14768884\charrsid796737 Petitioner in Person
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid796737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14768884\charrsid796737 Office of the Director of Public Prosecution, Suva for the Respondent
\par }}