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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5068870 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 
IN THE SUPREME COURT}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11225213 ,}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870  FIJI ISLANDS}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid5068870 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 AT SUVA
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5068870 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5863127 CIVIL APPEAL NO. CAV}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid5863127 
 0004/}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5863127 2007}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid5863127 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3952477 (Fiji Court of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 Civil App}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 eal No Misc20/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 2006)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5068870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5068870 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid5068870 MARIAPPA G}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 OUNDER AND}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid5068870 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 RAJNESH }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid5068870 MUD}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 LIAR
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 Petitioners}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5068870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5068870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 AND:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5068870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5068870 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 KALESI LEWABUA
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 Respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16069162 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid5068870 
\par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid3952477 Coram:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid3952477  The Hon Justice Keith Mason, Judge of the Supreme Court }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid3952477 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid3952477 The Hon Justice Robert French, Judge of the Supreme Court }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid3952477 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid3952477 The Hon Justice Kenneth Handley, Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid3952477 
\par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid3952477 Hearing:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11225213\charrsid3952477  Tuesday, l9th }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid3952477 
February 2008, Suva
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid3952477 
\par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid3952477 Counsel:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid3952477  S Maharaj for the Petitioners }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11225213\charrsid3952477 

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid3952477 A K Narayan the Respondent
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid3952477 
\par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid3952477 Date of Judgment:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid3952477  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid3952477 Monday, 2}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3952477 5th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid3952477  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid3952477 February}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid3952477  2008, Suva
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5068870 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16069162 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 1. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 
This is an application for special leave to appeal from the decision of Scott JA who on 20 April 2007 dismissed the petitioners' summons for leave to appeal to the Court of Appeal out of time. Leave was refused because the judge considered that the propos
ed appeal from interlocutory decisions of Connors J had no prospects of success.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 2. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 On 22 September 2006 Connors J dismissed }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11225213 
the petitioners' summons under O}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162  18 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11225213  18 to strike out the plaintiff'}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 s action as frivolous and vexatious because it was time barred. On the respondent's summons he struck out pars 7, 8 and 9 of the statement of defence which}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 raised a limitation defence, challenged the ex-parte order of Finnigan J which granted leave to comm
ence proceedings out of time, and pleaded breaches of ss 11(2)(a) and 16(l) of the }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 Motor Vehicle (Third Party Insurance) Act (Cap 177)}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870  (the }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 Third Party Act).
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 3. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 The Order of Scott JA refusing leave to appeal to the Court of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11225213 
 Appeal out of time was in form}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162  interlocutory because a further application for leave was not barred as a matter o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 f}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162  law. However in substance it was final because it was a dismissal on the merits and the applicants did not have additional evidence or a new point of law. Mr Narayan, couns
el for the respondent, did not object to the competency of the petition, and did not argue that an appeal lay from Scott JA to a Full Court of the Court of Appeal. In these circumstances we are prepared to treat the petition as competent. We are pr}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 epared to treat it as a final }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 judgment of the Court of Appeal for the purposes of s 122(l) of the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 Constitution - see generally }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid5068870 Tub}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 uli v The State }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 (CAV0009}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 /06).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 4. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 The proceedings arise out of a motor vehicle accident on 17 July 2002 when a heavy goods vehicle own
ed by the second petitioner and driven by the first struck and killed the responden}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 t's husband on Koronubu Road, B}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 a.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 5. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 The respondent is administratrix of the deceased's estate having been appointed such by the High Court on 24 November 2003.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 6. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 On 15 S
eptember 2005 the respondent's solicitors issued a writ with an attached statement of claim from the High Court Registry at Lautoka which was promptly served on the third party insurer for the petitioners.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11225213 The}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162  statement of claim pleaded causes of action ba
sed on the negligence of the defendants under the }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 Compensation to Relatives Act (Cap 29) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 and the}{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870  Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Death and Interest) Act (Cap 27)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 
. The proceedings had been commenced after the expiration of the limitation period but on 6 September Finnigan J had granted leave, ex parte, under ss 16(1) and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11225213  17(1) of the }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11225213\charrsid11225213 Limitation Act (Ca}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid11225213 p 35)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 
, for the commencement of the proceedings.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 7. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 The ex parte order reserved liberty to the defendants to raise a limitation defence and
 for this to be determined as a preliminary issue. In any event the order having been obtained without notice to the prospective defendants, they were entitled, as of right, to apply on notice for its discharge: }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 Owners of SS Kalibia v Wilson}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162  (1910) 11 CLR 689, 694.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 8. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 
In their defence the defendants pleaded that the plaintiff should not have been granted leave and that the action was statute barred. They also pleaded alleged breaches of the }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid11225213 
Third Party Act}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 
In due course the plaintiff moved before Connors J to strike out the relevant paragraphs of the defence, and the defendants moved for summary dismissal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 9}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 Connors J noted correctly (par [4]) that the relevant limi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 tation period was three years. He}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162  then referred to Privy Council decisions, cited by couns
el for the plaintiff, that established that an administrator cannot commence proceedings before grant, and time only commences to run against an administrator on grant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 10}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 Connors J did not apply those cases but said (par [11]):}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5068870 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid5068870 
\par }\pard \ql \li700\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin700\itap0\pararsid15302303 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 "On the evidence that ha
s been placed before me I see no basis to demur from the order made by the learned judge to grant leave to commence the proceedings and I am not satisfied that the limitation defence as pleaded by the defendants has merit. "
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16069162 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 He struck out the defence under s }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11225213 11(2)(a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 ) of the }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid11225213 Third Party Act }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 because }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11225213 
it was clear that the plaintiff'}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 
s solicitors had given timely notice of the proceedings to the insurer, and the defence under s 16(l) because breach of that section could not affect the rights of the plaintiff. His decision in these respects was clearly correct.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 12}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 
Scott JA held that Connors J had decided the limitation issue in favour of the plaintiff on two grounds, that leave had been properly granted, and following the Privy Council decisions, that time did not commence to run against the plaintiff until the gra
nt of administration.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 13}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 As to the first he said that:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12143055 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12143055 
\par }\pard \ql \li700\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin700\itap0\pararsid15302303 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 "In view of the contents of Thomas }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11225213 N}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 
aua's affidavit sworn on 9 August 2006 I have some reservations about the first principal conclusion reached by the High Court}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11225213\charrsid5068870 ."}{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16069162 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 14}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 H}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 e held however that the Privy Co}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 uncil cases "relied on by the H}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 igh Court seemed to me to present an insuperable obstacle in the appellants' path" and he refused leave to appeal out of time.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 15}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 The limitation period for the action under the }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 Compensation to Relatives Act}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162  was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 3 years 
running from the date of death (s 8), and in any event dependants can sue in their own right if an executor or administrator has not commenced proceedings within 6 months of the death of the deceased (s 10).}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 16}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 The limitation period for the action under the }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid11225213 Law Reform Act}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162  which provided for the survival of the cause of action vested in the deceased the moment before his death is also 3 years.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 Section 2(1) of that Act provided for the survival of 
his cause of action for the benefit of his estate, and even if he was killed "instantly" he had a cause of action before he died. Time therefore began to run before his death even if only for a split second. The point has been treated as settled since }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 Morgan v Scoulding}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162  [1938] 1 K}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14643990 B}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162  786, 789-90 where Lewis J }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12143055 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 aid:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }\pard \ql \li700\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin700\itap0\pararsid15302303 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 
"What was the injury, what was the cause of action? In this case the cause of action was the defendant negligently colliding with the deceased, whereby the deceased was ... killed}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8856044 .}{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870  The cause of ac
tion was not the death, but the negligence of the defendant in colliding with the deceased man ... That happened before the death, and, although there may have only been a split second, or a very short interval of time, between that collision and the man'
s death, the cause of action arose before his death., If it did arise before his death, then that cause of action would descend to the administrator."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16069162 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 17}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 The cause of action of the deceased which survived his death was complete in his lifetime and time be
gan to run immediately. It is a well-established principle that once this happens time continues to run even if proceedings cannot be commenced until an administrator }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8856044 
is appointed: Halsbury's Laws of England (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12143055 4th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8856044  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 
ed) Vol 28 (reissue 1997) par 825; }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8856044 Sheldon v R.M. O}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 uthwaite (Underwriting Agencies) Ltd }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 [1996] AC 102.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 18}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 The Privy Council cases cited by Scott JA: }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 Chun Kit San v Ho Fung Hang}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162  [1902] AC 257, and }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 Chetty v Chetty}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 
 [1916] 1 AC 603 are not relevant to either of the causes of action pleaded by the plaintiff.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 
Those cases concerned claims to an account in respect of a partnership dissolved by the death of the intestate when time had not commenced to run in his lifetime. The fact that time does not commence to run in such a case until an administrator is 
appointed does not assist this plaintiff having regard to the express provision in the }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid8856044 Compensation to Relatives Act}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162  that time runs from death, and the accrual of the other cause of action in the lifetime of the deceased.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 19}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12143055 The question fo
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 r this Court therefore is whether the decision of Connors J that leave}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 was properly granted by Finnigan J can be supported despite the doubt expressed by Scott JA.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 20}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8856044 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 Section 16(1) of the }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 Limitation Act }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 
applied to both causes of action because the statement of claim pleaded claims to damages for personal injuries "to any other person" (subs (2)). The grant of leave depends on satisfaction of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8856044 
 the requirements of subs (3). }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8856044\charrsid16069162 This}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162  requires proof that:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }\pard \ql \li700\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin700\itap0\pararsid15302303 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 "... material facts relating to that cause of action were 
or included facts of a decisive character which were at all times outside the knowledge (actual or constructive) of the plaintiff until a date which }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid5068870 \endash }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5068870 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid5068870 
\par }\pard \ql \li1400\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1400\itap0\pararsid15302303 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 
(a) either was after the end of the three-year period relating to that cause of action or was not earlier than twelve months before the end of that period; and
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15302303 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid5068870 
\par }\pard \ql \li1400\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1400\itap0\pararsid15302303 {\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 
(b) in either case, was a date not earlier than twelve months before the date on which the action was brought."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16069162 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 21}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 
According to her first affidavit of 2 September 2005 the widow did not witness the accident in which her husband was killed, and could not give evidence to establish a prima facie case of negligence. She consulted solicitors without undue delay who obtain
ed a grant of administration and sought particulars of the ownership}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8856044  of the vehicle from the Land T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 
ransport Authority. These were obtained on 1 December 2004.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 22}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 According to her affidavit on 12 January }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8856044 2005 the solicitors asked the B}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 a police traffic department for copies of the witness statements and other documents created during the police investigation of the accident.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 It appears however from Mr Naua's affidavit of 19 August 2006 that the first of these letters had been sent earlie
r on 25 October 2004. F}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8856044 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 llow-up letters were sent by the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8856044 
 solicitors on 29 April and 15 J}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 
une, but the documents were not received until 18 July 2005 after the limitation period had expired, and then only as a result of the intervention of the Commissioner of Police.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 23}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 
In her second affidavit of 2 June 2006, which incorporated her earlier affidavit, she itemised the documents obtained from the police and said that the documents showed that the accident occurred on the grass verge of the road indicating tha
t the driver had lost control of the vehicle, and that it was being driven at an excessive speed, and it was in a sound mechanical condition.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 24}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 This evidence was not contradicted by the petitioners, and the widow and the solicitor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870  Sheete}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 l Naidu were not cross-examined.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 25}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 Thus there was ample evidence before Connors J of the matters referred to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870  in s 16(3) of the }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid5068870 Limitation Ac}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid5068870 t.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 
 Mr Maharaj submitted that the widow and her solicitors could have re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 lied on the doctrine of res ipsa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162  loquitur (the facts speak
 for themselves) based simply on the fact that the defendants' truck had struck and killed the deceased as prima facie evidence of negligence and commenced proceedings within the limitation period. This was an unusual submission from counsel appearing for
 
an insurer but it cannot be accepted. It was not otherwise suggested by Mr Maharaj that the affidavit evidence of the widow did not satisfy the requirements of s 21 of the Act and establish that the material facts in the police documents were outside her 
actual and constructive knowledge before they were received by her solicitors.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 26}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 Scott JA said that his doubts about the propriety of the conclusion of Connors J that the requirements of s 16(3) had been satisfied were based on the affidavit by Mr Naua o
f 9 August 2006.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 
This relevantly set out the chronology of events which was not in dispute, and relied on the various delays, and the alle}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8856044 g}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 
ed lack of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 explanation for them.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 27}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 In our judgment there were no unexplained delays, and no undue delay so far as 
the widow and her solicitors are concerned. The delays were shown to be due to the failure of the police over many months to supply the documents that had been requested. Connors }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8856044 
J was entitled to find that s 16}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 (3) had been compiled with and to strike out the limitation defence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870\charrsid16069162 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 28}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068870 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid16069162 The petition is therefore dismissed with costs.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10309483 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid10309483 Hon Justice Keith Mason}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10309483\charrsid10309483 

\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10309483\charrsid10309483 Judge}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid10309483  of the Supreme Court
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10309483 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid10309483 Hon J}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10309483\charrsid10309483 ust}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid10309483 ice Robe}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8856044 rt}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid10309483  }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10309483\charrsid10309483 Fr}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid10309483 ench
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid10309483 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10309483 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid10309483 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10309483 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid10309483 Hon Justice Ke}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10309483\charrsid10309483 nn}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid10309483 eth Handley
\par }\pard \qc \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10309483 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid10309483 Judge of th}{
\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10309483\charrsid10309483 e}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid10309483  }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10309483\charrsid10309483 S}{
\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid10309483 upreme Cour}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10309483\charrsid10309483 t}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid10309483 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10309483 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10309483\charrsid10309483 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16069162 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid10309483 Solicitors:}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10309483\charrsid10309483 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid10309483 Suresh Maharaj & Associates, Lautoka f}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10309483\charrsid10309483 or the Petitioners 
\par AK Lawyers, B}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16069162\charrsid10309483 a for the Respondent
\par }}