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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid7147156\charrsid16262131 IN THE SUPREME COURT, FIJI ISLANDS
\par AT SUVA
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16262131 {\insrsid7147156\charrsid16262131 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. CAV0007 OF 2007S
\par (Fiji Court of Appeal No.AAU00 }{\insrsid14433648\charrsid16262131 2}{\insrsid7147156\charrsid16262131 7 of 2006S)
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16262131 {\b\insrsid14433648\charrsid16262131 SEMISI WAINIQOLO}{\b\insrsid7147156\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\insrsid7147156\charrsid16262131 Petitioner
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\par }{\insrsid7147156\charrsid16262131 Respondent
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\par Coram:\tab The Hon Justice Keith Mason, Judge of the Supreme Court
\par The Hon Justice Robert French, Judge of the Supreme Court
\par The Hon Justice Mark Weinberg, Judge of the Supreme Court
\par 
\par Hearing:}{\insrsid16262131\charrsid16262131  }{\insrsid14433648\charrsid16262131 Thursd}{\insrsid7147156\charrsid16262131 ay, }{\insrsid14433648\charrsid16262131 21st }{\insrsid7147156\charrsid16262131 February 2008, Suva
\par 
\par Counsel:}{\insrsid16262131\charrsid16262131  }{\insrsid7147156\charrsid16262131 Petitioner in Person
\par }{\insrsid14433648\charrsid16262131 A Driu}{\insrsid7147156\charrsid16262131  for the Respondent
\par 
\par Date of}{\insrsid16262131\charrsid16262131  }{\insrsid7147156\charrsid16262131 Judgment:}{\insrsid16262131\charrsid16262131  }{\insrsid5002421\charrsid16262131 Wednesday}{\insrsid9057500\charrsid16262131 ,}{\insrsid5002421\charrsid16262131  27th }{
\insrsid7147156\charrsid16262131 February 2008, Suva
\par 
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\par [1]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14433648\charrsid16262131 The petitioner was convicted on one count of armed robbery and one of unlawful use of a motor vehicle following trial in the High Court.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14433648\charrsid16262131 He was sentenced to a total term of ten years imprisonment which was ordered to run consecutively to a sentence of seven years he wa}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8323313\charrsid16262131 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14433648\charrsid16262131  already serving for another robbery.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147156\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8323313\charrsid16262131 
\par [2]\tab The victim of the robbery was the wife of the owner of a nightclub in Suva.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8323313\charrsid16262131 On 4 January 2005, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2059240\charrsid16262131 sometime before 9:15 am, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8323313\charrsid16262131 
she was driving out of their home on her way to bank the takings from the New Year period, amounting to $13,000.00.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8323313\charrsid16262131 
The money was under the seat in the car and she had her nine month old son in the seat alongside her.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8323313\charrsid16262131 
As she left the compound and was waiting for her teenage cousin to close the gate, a vehicle was driven up close to her car to prevent it being driven further.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8323313\charrsid16262131 Four masked men ran out and up to the car.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8323313\charrsid16262131 
They were armed with an axe and cane knives.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8323313\charrsid16262131 The windscreen of the car was smashed with }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10096456\charrsid16262131 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8323313\charrsid16262131 axe and one of the men tried to reach for the keys.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8323313\charrsid16262131 As he did so, he removed his balaclava and the woman was able to see his face.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8323313\charrsid16262131 She recognized him }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7620904\charrsid16262131 as the petitioner.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2059240\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7620904\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2059240\charrsid16262131 [3]\tab The getaway car used by the r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382696\charrsid16262131 o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2059240\charrsid16262131 bbe}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382696\charrsid16262131 rs had been taken on the day of the robbery without the owner\rquote s consent.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2059240\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382696\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8323313\charrsid16262131 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382696\charrsid16262131 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8323313\charrsid16262131 ]\tab The }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14315722\charrsid16262131 essential issue at trial was that of identification and it depended upon the assessors accepting the evidence of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382696\charrsid16262131 the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14315722\charrsid16262131 victim }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 that the ma}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382696\charrsid16262131 n she saw was the petitioner}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14315722\charrsid16262131 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14315722\charrsid16262131 
The petitioner gave evidence of alibi and called two supporting witnesses who were workmates with him at the Suva dockyard.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8323313\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14315722\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382696\charrsid16262131 [5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14315722\charrsid16262131 ]\tab The Court of Appeal dismissed appeals against conviction and sentence (see }{
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14315722\charrsid16262131 Semisi Wainiqolo v. The State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14315722\charrsid16262131 , Criminal Appeal AAU0027 of 2006, 24 November 2006).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14315722\charrsid16262131 In doing so, it rejected grounds of appeal against conviction related to identification; the use o
f handcuffs in the sight of the assessors; the directions on alibi; failure to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131  sum up fairly; and prejudice stemming from the petitioner being unrepresented at trial.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7620904\charrsid16262131 The sentence appeal had contended that the Judge took into account previous con}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2773624\charrsid16262131 victions that had been quashed o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7620904\charrsid16262131 n appeal and that the sentence was harsh and excessive.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14315722\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382696\charrsid16262131 [6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 ]\tab The grounds of appeal }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7620904\charrsid16262131 
touching conviction that were }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 raised in this Court in the petitioner\rquote s written and oral submissions ranged over }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382696\charrsid16262131 
a broader area}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 
And, in apparent contrast to the way the case was presented in the Court of Appeal, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382696\charrsid16262131 they }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 
focused upon the weight of the evidence rather than the directions given to the assessors.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 
Putting to one side the submission of miscarriage stemming from want of repre}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382696\charrsid16262131 sentation at trial, the main th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 r}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382696\charrsid16262131 u}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 st of the attack }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7620904\charrsid16262131 on conviction }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 was that the verdict }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7620904\charrsid16262131 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 
s unreasonable and cannot be supported having regard to the evidence.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid2712217 Identification Issues
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382696\charrsid16262131 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 ]\tab The trial Judge }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382696\charrsid16262131 warned the assessors }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 of the special need for care befor
e relying upon the identification evidence of the single prosecution witness who identified}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 the accused.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 The warning was accompanied by the usual checklist of matters touching upon the reliability of identification testimony.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 This warning was reinforced by the way the judge summed up the facts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 The Court of Appeal }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382696\charrsid16262131 held }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 that there }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382696\charrsid16262131 this was a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131  very fair and proper application of the guidelines in }{
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 R v Turnbull}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5002421\charrsid16262131 (}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 1977}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5002421\charrsid16262131 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131  63 Cr App R 132.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382696\charrsid16262131 
\par 
\par [8]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 We agree.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382696\charrsid16262131 [9}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 ]\tab In the Court of Appeal, and to a degree in this Court, th
e petitioner asserted prejudice stemming from his dock identification }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12126521\charrsid16262131 by}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131  the victim}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382696\charrsid16262131 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382696\charrsid16262131 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 
he Court of Appeal has correctly }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12126521\charrsid16262131 explained why this submission m}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 u}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12126521\charrsid16262131 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 t be rejected.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 The assessors were warned about the general problem with an in-court id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12126521\charrsid16262131 e}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 ntification;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12126521\charrsid16262131  and this was really a case of recognition rather than identification of a stranger.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382696\charrsid16262131 It was plain to all that the real issue was whether the victim had recognized the petitioner at the time of the robbery.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382696\charrsid16262131 Since she claimed to know him already}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7620904\charrsid16262131 ,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382696\charrsid16262131  the formal identification in Court added nothing of any materiality and caused no prejudice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2180036\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382696\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12126521\charrsid16262131 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382696\charrsid16262131 10}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12126521\charrsid16262131 ]\tab 
This brings us to the weight of the evidence itself which, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10096456\charrsid16262131 as }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12126521\charrsid16262131 indicated}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382696\charrsid16262131 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12126521\charrsid16262131  was the thrust of the case urged by the petitioner in this Court.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382696\charrsid16262131 [11]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16515572\charrsid16262131 What follows is taken from the record of trial which consists of Winter J\rquote s notes.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16515572\charrsid16262131 Page references are to the Record of the Supreme Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12126521 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7034092\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16515572\charrsid16262131 [12]\tab The victim and the petitioner were cousins in that their respective grandmothers were sisters.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 The petitioner was born in 1968.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16515572\charrsid16262131 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 [13]\tab The robbers wo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16515572\charrsid16262131 re green balaclavas.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16515572\charrsid16262131 One of them reached inside the car to trigger the boot latch but he hi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 t}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16515572\charrsid16262131  the fuel cap button instead.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16515572\charrsid16262131 After this he reached in for the key.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16515572\charrsid16262131 He took off his balaclava.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16515572\charrsid16262131 The petitioner }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 said she }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16515572\charrsid16262131 knew it was Semisi Wainiqolo be
cause she had already seen his face before (p45).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16515572\charrsid16262131 When she recognized him she said }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16515572\charrsid16262131 Semisi, you can\rquote t do this to me, I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131  know you.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 " }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 He said }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 I don\rquote t kno}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16515572\charrsid16262131 w you.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16515572\charrsid16262131 He threw the key at her and went to rejoin his mat}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 es}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16515572\charrsid16262131  saying }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16515572\charrsid16262131 someone has recognized me.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16515572\charrsid16262131 (p 45).
\par 
\par [14]\tab Subsequently, the robber standing on the passenger side of the car saw the money}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131  bag under the seat, took it,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16515572\charrsid16262131 called out to the others.
\par 
\par [15]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131 The victim said that she knew the petitioner for three years spanning the time when he was aged five.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131 She didn\rquote t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 next}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131 see him }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131 unt}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 il}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 Suva}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 when I saw him around}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131  (p 46)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7620904\charrsid16262131 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2773624\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131 [16]\tab The victim said that she }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131 recognized Semisi}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131  (the petitioner) and that she felt frightened and weak because she could not believe he would do this.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131 She }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131 
could clearly see his face}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131  (p 46).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131 He was not wearing a beard.
\par 
\par [17]\tab She said that she had seen Semisi last around the nigh}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131 club }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131 sometimes in 2005.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 H}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131 e was standing in the nightclub}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131  (p 46)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131 
\par 
\par [18]\tab The witness was shown a green balaclava (later proved to have been}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131  found in the petitioner\rquote s possession}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7620904\charrsid16262131 )}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131 and she said it was the same colour and type as that worn by the accused during the robbery.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7620904\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131 [19]\tab Under cross-examination by the petitioner the victim adhered to her evidence that she recognized }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7620904\charrsid16262131 him}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131  during the robbery.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131 He had rem}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 oved the balaclava from his hea}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131 d by the time he reached in for }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5002421\charrsid16262131 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131 key.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131 
The victim}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131 said that she had last seen the petitioner in his village in the 199}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114876\charrsid16262131 0}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131 \rquote s but she clarified any ambiguity }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 
by adding that she had}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131 seen him in Suva shortly before the robbery.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131 She said (p 47):
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16262131 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114876\charrsid16262131 
I saw him in the Melrose nigh}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4788519\charrsid16262131 t}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114876\charrsid16262131 club.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114876\charrsid16262131 Can\rquote t recall exact date.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114876\charrsid16262131 
It was in December 2004 and January 2005 before 4th January.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114876\charrsid16262131 Can\rquote t remember date.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114876\charrsid16262131 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16262131 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6114876\charrsid16262131 
\par [20]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4788519\charrsid16262131 No other witness gave evidence of recognizing or identifying the petitioner.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4788519\charrsid16262131 However, the second witness for the prosecution generally supported the victim\rquote s evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4788519\charrsid16262131 He saw one of the robbers take off his balaclava.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4788519\charrsid16262131 
The car keys were taken and thrown on the road (p 48).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4788519\charrsid16262131 I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 t was the man o}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4788519\charrsid16262131 n the driver\rquote s side who removed his balaclava and he was one metre away from the driver (pp 49-50).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4788519\charrsid16262131 He was unshaven (P 49).
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751486\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4788519\charrsid16262131 [21]\tab The police explained the absence of an identification parade on the basis of the victim\rquote s statement (pp 50,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7620904\charrsid16262131 
 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4788519\charrsid16262131 52).
\par 
\par [22]\tab A }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4788519\charrsid16262131 green pompom}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4788519\charrsid16262131  was found at the motel where the petitioner was arrested.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4788519\charrsid16262131 This is}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9643011\charrsid16262131 referred to in the record as MFI }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 No 1 }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9643011\charrsid16262131 and it became Ex 1 (p 51).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 We}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9643011\charrsid16262131  infer that it was the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9643011\charrsid16262131 balaclava}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9643011\charrsid16262131  shown to the victim during her evidence.
\par 
\par [23]\tab The petitioner had made no admission}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9643011\charrsid16262131  to the police.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9643011\charrsid16262131 He gave evidence that he was at King}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9643011\charrsid16262131 s Wharf}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131  f}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9643011\charrsid16262131 rom about 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5002421\charrsid16262131 am to 10}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9643011\charrsid16262131 am on the day of the robbery.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9643011\charrsid16262131 There wer}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 e no}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9643011\charrsid16262131  short call jobs so he went home.
\par 
\par [24]\tab He met some casual labour mates also wanting to work, naming two of them.
\par 
\par [25]\tab Under cross-examination he said that he kept both his black and green balaclava in a bag, but that he did}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5002421\charrsid16262131  not}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9643011\charrsid16262131 
 have it with him}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9643011\charrsid16262131 that day because it was bright}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 
. He denied that the balaclava in evidence was his or that it was the one inside his bag at the time of his arrest (8 days after the robbery).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7620904\charrsid16262131 He said that his }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 balaclava had one hole at the front, not three (p 54).
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2773624\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 [26]\tab The petitioner }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9643011\charrsid16262131 said that he could not recall ever meeting the victim or speaking to her.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9643011\charrsid16262131 He first lea}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5002421\charrsid16262131 r}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9643011\charrsid16262131 nt that her husband owned the Melrose nightclub when he was arrested.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9643011\charrsid16262131 
He was not in the nightclub in December 2005.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9643011\charrsid16262131 He first went there when released on bail in April 2005.
\par 
\par [2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9643011\charrsid16262131 ]\tab The two alibi witnesses were then called. Each of them said he was wait}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7620904\charrsid16262131 ing for casual work at King}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9643011\charrsid16262131 s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 W}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9643011\charrsid16262131 harf }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7620904\charrsid16262131 on the day in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2773624\charrsid16262131 question }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9643011\charrsid16262131 and that the petitioner}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251128\charrsid16262131  was also there between 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5002421\charrsid16262131 am}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251128\charrsid16262131  and 10 am.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251128\charrsid16262131 
One of the witnesses, Mr Vuadreu, said that he, the petitioner and Le}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 one Marawa }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251128\charrsid16262131 
were playing cards after 7.45 am and that he (Vuadreu) was winning the most.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9643011\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251128\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 [28}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251128\charrsid16262131 ]\tab The second witness, Leone Marawa, said he thought that he was at the wharf on the day in question (p 59).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251128\charrsid16262131 He remembered seeing the petitioner and Mr Vuadreu }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7620904\charrsid16262131 and }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251128\charrsid16262131 said that the petitioner waited for short calls from before 8 am }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 to 10.30 am (p 59). Later he}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251128\charrsid16262131  said that the petitioner may }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7620904\charrsid16262131 have}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251128\charrsid16262131  left b
efore or after 9 am (p 61).
\par 
\par [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 29}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251128\charrsid16262131 ]\tab Each alibi witness was challenged }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 as}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251128\charrsid16262131  to his recall of detail and generally as to his evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 
The possibility of confusion about the date in question was raised.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251128\charrsid16262131 
It also emerged that Mr Marawa had been in court when the petitioner gave his evidence.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 [30}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653579\charrsid16262131 ]\tab 
The grounds of appeal in support of the petition in regard to identification argued that the prosecution case was not proved beyond reasonable doubt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653579\charrsid16262131 The alibi evidence ought to have raised a reasonable doubt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251128\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653579\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6757600\charrsid16262131 [31}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653579\charrsid16262131 ]\tab The evidence of the victim was said to be unreliable because }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16262131 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653579\charrsid16262131 (a) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5002421\charrsid16262131 
\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653579\charrsid16262131 it was uncorroborated; }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16262131 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9057500\charrsid16262131 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16262131 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5002421\charrsid16262131 (b)\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653579\charrsid16262131 (b) it was the fleeting observation of a person in shock and there were difference}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653579\charrsid16262131  in the details as to timing; }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16262131 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16262131 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653579\charrsid16262131 (c)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5002421\charrsid16262131 
\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653579\charrsid16262131 there were inconsistencies between the victim and the other eye witness (as to matters of detail);}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16262131 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16262131 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653579\charrsid16262131 (d)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5002421\charrsid16262131 
\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653579\charrsid16262131 the victim was lying in her evidence about seeing the petitioner in the club }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653579\charrsid16262131 before}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653579\charrsid16262131  the crime;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16262131 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7620904\charrsid16262131 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16262131 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653579\charrsid16262131 (e)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5002421\charrsid16262131 
\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653579\charrsid16262131 the sighting in the nightclub in the days }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653579\charrsid16262131 before}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653579\charrsid16262131  the robbery was not mentioned in the victim\rquote s caution statement;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653579 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16262131 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131\charrsid16262131 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16262131 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 (f)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5002421\charrsid16262131 \tab 
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 the evidence of Ex 1 (the balaclava}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131  was }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 prejudicial and unreliable because it was unfairly taken.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653579\charrsid16262131 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16262131 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2773624\charrsid16262131 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16262131 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 (g)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5002421\charrsid16262131 \tab 
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131  there should have been an identification parade;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653579\charrsid16262131 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16262131 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5002421\charrsid16262131 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16262131 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5002421\charrsid16262131 (h)\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 
there should}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 not have been a dock identification;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16262131 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5002421\charrsid16262131 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16262131 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 the directions on identification were inadequate;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16262131 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5002421\charrsid16262131 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16262131 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5002421\charrsid16262131 (j)\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 
(unidentified aspects of) the }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 Police and Criminal Evidence Act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131  (UK) should have been}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131  applied}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16262131 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653579\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 [32}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 ]\tab In our opinion, none of these matters established a case for the grant of special leave.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 Proposition}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7620904\charrsid16262131  (a) does not represent the law if it is intended to suggest a mandatory requirement.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 Propositions (b), (c), (d) and (e) raise questions of fact upon which the assessors were properly directed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 The victim\rquote s evidence was cogent and, if accepted, established identification by recognition.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 The requirements of s.7(2) of the }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 Supreme Court Act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 
 1998 are not satisfied.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 
\par 
\par Th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 ere was no notification }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7620904\charrsid16262131 that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 the balaclava}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7620904\charrsid16262131 had been }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 seized by the police}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10096456\charrsid16262131 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5002421\charrsid16262131 and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 that the one p}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5860385\charrsid16262131 ut}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 into evidence was planted by the police.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 The first matter strikes us as immaterial and the second does not appear to have been raised at trial}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5860385\charrsid16262131 ,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5860385\charrsid16262131 by way of confronting the police witness }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 (see p 51). }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 Propositions (g),(h) and (i) were addressed by the Court of Appeal in terms with which we fully agree.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 Proposition (i) is untenable.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 The peti}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4291790\charrsid16262131 ti}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 oner has misunderstood}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4291790\charrsid16262131  paras 11 and 20 of }{
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4291790\charrsid16262131 Rokonabete v The State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4291790\charrsid16262131  [2006] FJCA 40.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3884889\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4291790\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4291790\charrsid2712217 Lack of fair tri}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5002421\charrsid2712217 a}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4291790\charrsid2712217 l because of want of representation

\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4291790\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 [33}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4291790\charrsid16262131 ]\tab The petitioner submits that the trial was unfair because of lack of representation.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4291790\charrsid16262131 He did not have }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4291790\charrsid16262131 
equality of arms}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4291790\charrsid16262131  to pr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 esent}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4291790\charrsid16262131  his case effectively given its complexity and the severity of the sentence.}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251128\charrsid16262131  
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4291790\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 [34}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8133809\charrsid16262131 ]\tab This Court has recently granted special leave in a matter that will explore the scope of }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11883207\charrsid16262131 ss.28 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8133809\charrsid16262131 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11883207\charrsid16262131 ) (}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8133809\charrsid16262131 d) and 29(1) of the Constitution (see}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131  }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 
Ledua v The State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131  CAV 0004 of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11883207\charrsid16262131 2007)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8133809\charrsid16262131 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4291790\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8133809\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 [35}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8133809\charrsid16262131 ]\tab As regard}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 s the present matter, we content}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8133809\charrsid16262131  ourselves in observing that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8133809\charrsid16262131 equality of arms}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8133809\charrsid16262131  is not the language }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 used }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8133809\charrsid16262131 in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 Chapter 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8133809\charrsid16262131 Bill of Rights.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 [36}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8133809\charrsid16262131 ]\tab The present case is not a suitable vehicle for exploring the importan}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13650125\charrsid16262131 t issue of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8133809\charrsid16262131 unrepresented accused facing serious charges.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8133809\charrsid16262131 The petition}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13650125\charrsid16262131 er was repeate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8133809\charrsid16262131 dly informed as to his rights.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8133809\charrsid16262131 When legal aid was refused he represented himself at a trial that was not complex either as to issues or facts.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9057500\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 [37}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13650125\charrsid16262131 ]\tab Winter J\rquote s records of the pre-trial hearing }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 states}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13650125\charrsid16262131  that the petitioner }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13650125\charrsid16262131 elects to appear on }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2773624\charrsid16262131 his}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13650125\charrsid16262131  own at trial}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13650125\charrsid16262131  (p 42 see also p 43).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13650125\charrsid16262131 Nothing in the record shows that the petitioner sought a stay pending the provision of legal assistance.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13650125\charrsid16262131 Nor was there any explanation of the petitioner\rquote s means or his reasons for being unrepresented after legal aid was refused.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 There is no judgment of the trial Judge or the Court of Appeal addressing the factual issues relevant to the claim of prejudice now raised.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13650125\charrsid16262131 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13650125\charrsid2712217 Other Issues}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13650125\charrsid2712217 
\par }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13650125\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13650125\charrsid16262131 [3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13650125\charrsid16262131 ]\tab The submission that the assessors were }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13650125\charrsid16262131 biased}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13650125\charrsid16262131 
 because they saw the petitioner in handcuffs was addressed in the Court of Appeal in terms with which we agree.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13650125\charrsid16262131 No special leave gr}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 ound}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13650125\charrsid16262131 is established.
\par 
\par [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 39}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13650125\charrsid16262131 ]\tab Likewise for the complaints about specific aspects of the directions to}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5860385\charrsid16262131 u}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13650125\charrsid16262131 ching the alibi witnesses.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 [40}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13650125\charrsid16262131 ]\tab The re}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 marks}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13650125\charrsid16262131  on sentence do not betray}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131  a failure to address the totality principle, which is the main point raised in the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5860385\charrsid16262131 sentencing }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 grounds of appeal in this Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 In fact the sentence was reduced on that very basis by the primary Judge.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13650125\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13987301\charrsid16262131 
\par [41]\tab We would endorse the remarks of the Court of Appeal about the confusion unfortunately generated by the serious failure of the police to present an accurate record of prior convictions to the sentencing Judge.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13987301\charrsid16262131 But we agree with the Court of Appeal\rquote s conclus
ion that no miscarriage eventuated in light of the manner in which the totality issue was addressed by the sentencing Judge.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355963\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5860385\charrsid2712217 Order}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13987301\charrsid2712217 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13650125\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5860385\charrsid16262131 [42]\tab We refuse special leave and dismiss the petition.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16477766\charrsid16262131 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3683036 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5860385\charrsid16262131 Hon Justice Keith Mason
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5860385\charrsid16262131 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3683036 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5860385\charrsid16262131 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3683036 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5860385\charrsid16262131 Hon Justice Robert French
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5860385\charrsid16262131 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3683036 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5860385\charrsid16262131 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3683036 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5860385\charrsid16262131 Hon Justice }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9057500\charrsid16262131 M}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5860385\charrsid16262131 ark Weinberg
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5860385\charrsid16262131 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16262131 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5860385\charrsid16262131 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5860385\charrsid3683036 Solicitors:
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5860385\charrsid3683036 Petitioner in Person
\par Office of the Director of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16262131\charrsid3683036  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5860385\charrsid3683036 Public Prosecutions, Suva for the Respondent
\par }}