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(Fiji Court of Appeal No. CAV0014 of 2007) \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1707936 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 BETWEEN: \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1707936 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 SHANEEL SEN \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 Petitioner \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1707936 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 AND: \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1707936 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 THE STATE \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 Respondent \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 \par Coram: The Hon. Justice Keith Mason, Judge of the Supreme Court \par The Hon. Justice Robert French, Judge of the Supreme Court \par The Hon. Justice Mark Weinberg, Judge of the Supreme Court \par \par Hearing: Monday, 25 February 2008, Suva \par \par Counsel: Petitioner in Person \par A. Prasad for the Respondent \par \par Date of Judgment: Tuesday, 26th February 2008, Suva \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9129279\charrsid1053453 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276426\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276426\charrsid1053453 On 13 May 2005 the Director of Public Prosecutions laid an Information under which Shaneel Sen was charge}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387494\charrsid1053453 d}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276426\charrsid1053453 with murder in the following terms:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12731211 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid464962 {\insrsid15863541\charrsid464962 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276426\charrsid1053453 MURDER:}{ \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276426\charrsid1053453 Contrary to sections 199 and 200 of the Penal Code, Cap 17. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276426\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276426\charrsid1053453 Particulars of Offence}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4087936 :}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276426\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276426\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1015666 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276426\charrsid1053453 SHANEEL SEN s/o Ugar Sen, on the 26th day of April 2005, at Lautoka in the Western Division murdered MOHAMMED SALIM KAHN s/o Mohammed Fariq Kahn.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276426\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16210588 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276426\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276426\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276426\charrsid1053453 Mr Sen pleaded not guilty and was tried before a judge and assessors on 13 March 2006.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276426\charrsid1053453 He was legally represented at trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276426\charrsid1053453 The hearing concluded on the same day and the trial judge summed up to the assessors on 16 March 2006.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276426\charrsid1053453 After retiring }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12088347\charrsid1053453 to consider their verdict for 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276426\charrsid1053453 \'be hours, the assessors each found Mr Sen guilty of murder.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276426\charrsid1053453 The trial judge }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7425778\charrsid1053453 saw}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276426\charrsid1053453 no reason to disagree with their opinions and entered a conviction.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276426\charrsid1053453 On the same day he sentenced Mr Sen to a term of life imprisonment recommending that he not be released before serving seven years. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276426\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276426\charrsid1053453 On 1 April 2006 Mr Sen wrote to the Registrar of the Court of Appeal seeking to appeal against both his conviction and his sentence.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276426\charrsid1053453 The stated grounds of the appeal were as follows: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 1.\tab That the sentence imposed upon me was wrong in principle having regard to the unanimous opinion of the assessors and the finding of the learned trial judge that I was Provoked in to committing the offence of which Hi was found guilty. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1707936 [sic]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276426\charrsid1707936 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 2.\tab That the sentence imposed on me is harsh and excessive having regard. To all the circumstances of the case. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1707936 [sic] \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 3.\tab That he learned trial judge failed to consider a suspended sentence.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 Refer to judgment of Justice Jerald Winter of Priya}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11142152\charrsid1053453 D}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 arsh}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11142152\charrsid1053453 a}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 ni v State was given on suspended sentence the same nature of offence}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1707936 . [sic] \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 4.\tab That the learned trial judge erred in law not considering the accused being a first offender at a tender age of twenty one (21) years. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 5.\tab That the learned judge erred in law not considering the charge of Murder be dropped to Manslaughter.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 The offence on which your humble appellant is charged on was not committed intentionally being provoked to commit.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1707936 [sic] \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 \i\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\i0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 The Court of Appeal he}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid682869\charrsid1053453 ard the appeal on 20 March 2007}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 and made the following orders: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid682869\charrsid1053453 (}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 1}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid682869\charrsid1053453 )}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 \tab Allow the appeal against the conviction and sentence for murder, set them aside}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid682869\charrsid1053453 ,}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 and enter judgment of acquittal on the charge of murder. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid682869\charrsid1053453 (2)}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 \tab Substitute a conviction for manslaughter. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid682869\charrsid1053453 (}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 3} {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid682869\charrsid1053453 )}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 \tab Sentence the appellant to imprisonment for a term of seven years commencing on 16 March 2006.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 \i\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 On 18 April 2007 Mr Sen lodged an appeal against his sentence in the Supreme Court.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 We will treat this appeal as a petition for special leave to appeal against the sentence.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 The grounds upon which Mr Sen }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 sought special leave to appeal were, in summary, as follows: }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15403208\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1053453 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 1.\tab The sentence imposed was harsh and excessive having regard to the fact that the Court of Appeal agreed that Mr Sen had been provoked to commit the act which resulted in the death of the deceased and had no accompanying intention to commit murder. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 2.\tab That the case of }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11142152\charrsid1053453 The State v P}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid682869\charrsid1053453 riya}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11142152\charrsid1053453 D}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid682869\charrsid1053453 ar}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 shani}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11142152\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11142152\charrsid1053453 (HAV007/2005) (31 January 2006, Gates\~J)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 should be set as a guideline for his sentencing}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid682869\charrsid1053453 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 it being a precedent similar to his own case.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 A sentence of two years}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11142152\charrsid1053453 , wholly suspended,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 was imposed in that case. \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11142152\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1707936 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 The reasons for decision of the Court of Appeal \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 The Court of Appeal outlined the facts of the case in its reasons for judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 The deceased was the petitioner\rquote s stepfather.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 The petitioner lived with him and with the petitioner\rquote s mother and brother in a ground floor flat of a suburban house in Lautoka.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 On 26 April 2005 at about 10.30pm the mother and stepfather returned from visiting friends or relatives.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7425778\charrsid1053453 They had been drinking.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 They went into their bedroom and began arguing as they sometimes did when they had been drinking}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7425778\charrsid1053453 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 8\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 When the petitioner came out of the bathroom he heard his mother and stepfather fighting.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 He knocked on the door and asked his mother to open it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 She opened the door and his stepfather stepped out and became abusive to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7425778\charrsid1053453 wards}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 the petitioner}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7425778\charrsid1053453 who }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 began to be concerned for his safety.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 When his stepfa}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1052595\charrsid1053453 ther became more aggressive he }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 obtained a knife from the kitchen and warned him that he must behave or he would }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 hit}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 him with the knife.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 The stepfather kept on coming towards him and the petitioner swung the knife, cutting the stepfather in the face. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732236\charrsid1053453 He still came on and the petitioner then swung at him again, this tim e striking him in the left front of his chest.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732236\charrsid1053453 The knife penetrated to the lower left lung and lacerated the apex of the heart.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732236\charrsid1053453 The stepfather was taken to hospital, but died soon afterwards.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732236\charrsid1053453 T}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7425778\charrsid1053453 here was no dispute}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732236\charrsid1053453 that the blow struck by the petitioner killed his stepfather.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732236\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732236\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 9\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732236\charrsid1053453 The Court of Appeal found that in the course of his summing up on the defence of provocation, the trial judge directed that the assessors must be satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that the appellant had not been provoked by his stepfather.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732236\charrsid1053453 He did not, however}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4403403\charrsid1053453 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732236\charrsid1053453 expressly direct that the onus of proving absence of provocation lay on the prosecution as was the case with self defence.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732236\charrsid1053453 In the result, it was said, the burden of proof on provocatio n was not explicitly assigned to the State or prosecution as it had in the case of self defence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732236\charrsid1053453 Counsel for the Director of Public Prosecutions acknowledged before the Court of Appeal that in this respect there was a defect in the summing up. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732236\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 10\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732236\charrsid1053453 The Court of Appeal recorded in its reasons that the Director of Public }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12326428\charrsid1053453 Prosecutions }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7425778\charrsid1053453 intimated, through counsel, that he }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12326428\charrsid1053453 had }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732236\charrsid1053453 no wish to undertake a fresh trial of the murder charge, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7425778\charrsid1053453 certain}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732236\charrsid1053453 ly having regard to the delay }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7425778\charrsid1053453 b}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732236\charrsid1053453 efore such a trial could }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7425778\charrsid1053453 commence}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732236\charrsid1053453 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7425778\charrsid1053453 H}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732236\charrsid1053453 e and counsel for the petitioner accepted that if the murder conviction were set asid}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7425778\charrsid1053453 e, a conviction of manslaughter sh}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732236\charrsid1053453 ould be substituted in its place.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732236\charrsid1053453 That would have been the result if the defence of provocation }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7425778\charrsid1053453 had }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732236\charrsid1053453 succeeded.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7425778\charrsid1053453 It was not a course mandated by the quashing of the murder conviction.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732236\charrsid1053453 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12326428\charrsid1053453 he Court of }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732236\charrsid1053453 Appeal regarded the substitution of a manslaughter verdict as within its powers pursuant to s 24(2) of the Court of Appeal Act Cap 12.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7425778\charrsid1053453 It}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732236\charrsid1053453 said}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4403403\charrsid1053453 (at [7])}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732236\charrsid1053453 : \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1053453 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1860244\charrsid1053453 In terms of that provision, the case is one in wh ich appellant has been convicted of an offence (murder) and the Judge must therefore have been satisfied of facts which proved him at least to be guilty of another but lesser offence (manslaughter) under s 198 of the Penal Code committed by means of an un lawful act causing the death of another person.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1860244\charrsid1053453 The unlawful act was the knife blow to, or wounding of, the body with the knife but without the accompanying intention that had to be proved to make it the offence of murder.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732236\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1860244\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1860244\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 11\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1860244\charrsid1053453 On the question of sentence, the Court of Appeal said that the reduced verdict meant that the petitioner was to be sentenced for the lesser offence of manslaughter.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1860244\charrsid1053453 There was not very much personal information before the Court about the petitioner.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1860244\charrsid1053453 He was 20 years old at the time of the offence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1860244\charrsid1053453 He was unmarried and lived at home with his brother, mother and stepfather.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1860244\charrsid1053453 He also had an adult sister and one or two other siblings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1860244\charrsid1053453 He had attended school and was described in the record as a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1860244\charrsid1053453 Boat Builder}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1860244\charrsid1053453 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1860244\charrsid1053453 He h ad no prior convictions and appeared not to have exhibited violent behaviour towards his stepfather or others in the past.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1860244\charrsid1053453 The Court of Appeal observed that the stepfather was inclined, at times, to bouts of excessive drinking during which his conduct towards his stepchildren and their mother became aggressive and insulting.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1860244\charrsid1053453 There was little doubt that the petitioner did not positively wish to kill his stepfather and the judge accepted that he was genuinely remorseful about what had happened. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1860244\charrsid1053453 Whether special leave to appeal should be granted \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7425778\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 12\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7425778\charrsid1053453 The offence of manslaughter is defined in s 198 of the Penal Code, Cap 17: \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1053453 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7425778\charrsid1053453 Any person who by an unlawful act or omission causes the death of another person is guilty of the felony termed manslaughter.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7425778\charrsid1053453 An unlawful omission is an omission amounting to }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618593\charrsid1053453 culpable}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7425778\charrsid1053453 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 negligence to discharge a duty tending to the preservation of life or health, whether such omission is or is not accompanied by an intention to cause death or bodily harm.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7425778\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 \i\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 13\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 Section 201 of the Penal Code, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1860244\charrsid1053453 Cap 17 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10033224\charrsid1053453 states: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1860244\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1053453 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10033224\charrsid1053453 Any person who commits the felony of manslaughter is liable to imprisonment for life.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 The offence of murder is defined in s 199 of the Penal Code which provides in the relevant part: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 (1)}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 Any person who o f malice aforethought causes the death of another person by an unlawful act or omission is guilty of murder.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 The balance of the subsection and the remaining subsections relate to suicide pacts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 14\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 Section 200 provides that: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 Any person convicted of murder shall be sentenced to imprisonment for life.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10033224\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10033224\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 15\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10033224\charrsid1053453 Section 203 of the Penal Code deals with killing on provocation in the following terms: \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1053453 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10033224\charrsid1053453 When a person who unlawfully kills another under circumstances which, but for the provisions of this section, would constitute murder, does the act which causes death in the heat of passion caused by sudden provocation as hereinafter defined, and before there is time for his passion to cool, he is guilty of manslaughter only.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10033224\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10033224\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 16\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 As appears from the definition of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 murder}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 any person who commits murder has necessar}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618593\charrsid1053453 ily}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 committed manslaughter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 A person who kills another under provocation in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 circumstances which but for the provisions of [section 203] would constitute murder}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 has necessarily done so with }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 malice aforethought}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 within the meaning of s 199.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898705\charrsid1053453 Notwithstanding that mental state the offender is treated as guilty of manslaughter only. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10033224\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 17\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10033224\charrsid1053453 The term }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10033224\charrsid1053453 provocation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10033224\charrsid1053453 is defined in s 204.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10033224\charrsid1053453 The relevant parts of that definition are as follows: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10033224\charrsid1053453 The term }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10033224\charrsid1053453 provocation}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10033224\charrsid1053453 means, except as hereinafter stated, any }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12388243\charrsid1053453 wrongful act or insult of such a nature as to be likely, when done to an ordinary person, or in the presence of an ordinary person to another person who is under his immedi ate care, or to whom he stands in a conjugal, parental, filial or fraternal relation, or in the relation of master or servant, to deprive him of the power of self-control and to induce him}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12388243\charrsid1053453 to commit an assault of the kind which the person charged committed upon the person by whom the act or insult is done or offered.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10033224\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12388243\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12388243\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 18\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12388243\charrsid1053453 In this case the Court of Appeal quashed the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387494\charrsid1053453 conviction for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12388243\charrsid1053453 murder and substituted a conviction}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387494\charrsid1053453 for manslaughter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387494\charrsid1053453 It }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3350395\charrsid1053453 did not}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387494\charrsid1053453 , however,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3350395\charrsid1053453 make clear }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132797\charrsid1053453 the basis }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387494\charrsid1053453 for that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132797\charrsid1053453 conviction.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132797\charrsid1053453 On one view, the Court of Appeal characterised the offence, for sentencing purposes, as unlawful and dangerous manslaughter.} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132797\charrsid1053453 That explains the reference to the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132797\charrsid1053453 unlawful act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132797\charrsid1053453 being the knife blow to, or wounding of, the body with the knife }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132797\charrsid1053453 but without the accompanying intention that had to be proved to make it the offence of murder}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132797\charrsid1053453 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132797\charrsid1053453 Had the Court of Appeal desired to sentence on the basis of manslaughter by provocation, it would not have made that last observation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11686988\charrsid1053453 To some extent this view of the Court of Appeal\rquote s reasoning is fortified by their Lordships\rquote observation, at [89], that there was little doubt that the petitioner }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11686988\charrsid1053453 did not positively wish to kill his stepfather}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11686988\charrsid1053453 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11686988\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11686988\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 19\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11686988\charrsid1053453 Having characterised the offence as manslaughter}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387494\charrsid1053453 by way of unlawful and dangerous act}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11686988\charrsid1053453 , their Lordships said }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387494\charrsid1053453 surprisingly }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11686988\charrsid1053453 little to indicate why a sentence of seven years imprisonment }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387494\charrsid1053453 should be imposed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14305424\charrsid1053453 Manslaughter can}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387494\charrsid1053453 , of course, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14305424\charrsid1053453 carry a wide variety of sentences.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11142152\charrsid1053453 See generally }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11142152\charrsid1053453 Kim Man Bae v The State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11142152\charrsid1053453 (Court of Appeal, Cr App No AAU0015/1998S, 26 February 1999 at pp 4-5)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2705352\charrsid1053453 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14305424\charrsid1053453 Ms\~Prasad, who appeared on behalf of the respondent, indicated that the range extended from }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387494\charrsid1053453 as low as }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14305424\charrsid1053453 a suspended sentence to perhaps seven or eight years}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387494\charrsid1053453 imprisonment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14305424\charrsid1053453 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14305424\charrsid1053453 That means that the petitioner was given a sentence that was close to the top of the range for an offence of this nature.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387494\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387494\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 20\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387494\charrsid1053453 A}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14305424\charrsid1053453 s the Court of Appeal observed, there was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387494\charrsid1053453 little }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14305424\charrsid1053453 personal information available regarding this petitioner.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387494\charrsid1053453 It was known, however, that the trial judge, who had sentenced him had recommended}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14305424\charrsid1053453 a term of only seven years}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387494\charrsid1053453 as the minimum that should be served before being eligible to be considered for release}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14305424\charrsid1053453 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387494\charrsid1053453 That low minimum no doubt reflected the trial judge\rquote s view of the petitioner\rquote s prospects of rehabilitation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1991725\charrsid1053453 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1991725\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1991725\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 21\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1991725\charrsid1053453 Alt}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3615786\charrsid1053453 h}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1991725\charrsid1053453 ough the Court of Appeal did not sentence }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7810206\charrsid1053453 the petitioner }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1991725\charrsid1053453 on the basis of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7810206\charrsid1053453 any legal defence of }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1991725\charrsid1053453 provocation, there }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7810206\charrsid1053453 can be no }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1991725\charrsid1053453 doubt that he was}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7810206\charrsid1053453 influenced}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1991725\charrsid1053453 , to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7810206\charrsid1053453 a considerable }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1991725\charrsid1053453 degree, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7810206\charrsid1053453 by the emotions generated by }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1991725\charrsid1053453 the deceased\rquote s conduct.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1991725\charrsid1053453 The nature of any }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3615786\charrsid1053453 wrongful act on the part of the deceased, and the nature of the offender\rquote s responses, will always be relevant to the range of possible sentences }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7810206\charrsid1053453 for the offence of manslaughter}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6189259\charrsid1053453 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6189259\charrsid1053453 That is so}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3615786\charrsid1053453 even if the case is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7810206\charrsid1053453 one of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3615786\charrsid1053453 manslaughter by }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7810206\charrsid1053453 dangerous and unlawful act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3615786\charrsid1053453 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3615786\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3615786\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 22\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3615786\charrsid1053453 There are }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7810206\charrsid1053453 a number of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3615786\charrsid1053453 difficulties with the sentence imposed by the Court of Appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3615786\charrsid1053453 If their Lordships were troubled by }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269877\charrsid1053453 the understandable }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3615786\charrsid1053453 lack of information regarding the petitioner\rquote s background, }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269877\charrsid1053453 they could, and should, have obtained further material}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7810206\charrsid1053453 , including perhaps a pre sentence report of some kind}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269877\charrsid1053453 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3615786\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269877\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 23\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269877\charrsid1053453 In addition, the petitioner\rquote s willingness to accept a verdict of manslaughter, rather than have the matter remitted for a new trial, entitled him to some credit.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269877\charrsid1053453 At the very least, it contributed towards }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13781508\charrsid1053453 the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269877\charrsid1053453 avoid}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13781508\charrsid1053453 ance}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269877\charrsid1053453 of a retrial.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7810206\charrsid1053453 That, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269877\charrsid1053453 coupled with his remorse, entitled the petitio ner to be treated as though he had pleaded guilty, before the Court of Appeal, to manslaughter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269877\charrsid1053453 The Court of Appeal }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12787326\charrsid1053453 did not refer to that matter}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269877\charrsid1053453 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269877\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 24\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269877\charrsid1053453 Our attention has been drawn to other sentences imposed for manslaughter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269877\charrsid1053453 The petitioner relied in particular upon }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11142152\charrsid1053453 The State v Priya Darshani }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269877\charrsid1053453 where a sentence of t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11142152\charrsid1053453 wo }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269877\charrsid1053453 years}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11142152\charrsid1053453 imprisonment, wholly suspended,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269877\charrsid1053453 was imposed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8546403\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8546403\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 25\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8546403\charrsid1053453 Ms Prasad very fairly acknowledged that the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12787326\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618593\charrsid1053453 C}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12787326\charrsid1053453 ourt of Appeal\rquote s reasons for sentence raised a number of concerns}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8546403\charrsid1053453 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8546403\charrsid1053453 She }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13781508\charrsid1053453 proffered the suggestion }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8546403\charrsid1053453 that the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12787326\charrsid1053453 figure of seven years }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8546403\charrsid1053453 may have }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12787326\charrsid1053453 been chosen simply because }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8546403\charrsid1053453 it coincided with the recommended }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12787326\charrsid1053453 minimum term }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8546403\charrsid1053453 put forward by the trial judge.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12787326\charrsid1053453 If that were the case, that course would have little to commend it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8546403\charrsid1053453 It must be said}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12787326\charrsid1053453 , however, that there}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8546403\charrsid1053453 is nothing to support that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13781508\charrsid1053453 suggestion}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8546403\charrsid1053453 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6189259\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8546403\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 26\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8546403\charrsid1053453 When asked }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12787326\charrsid1053453 what the attitude of the State would be to a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8546403\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12787326\charrsid1053453 sentence of say, four years, if this Court were satisfied that the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8546403\charrsid1053453 Court of Appeal }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12787326\charrsid1053453 had fallen into error in fixing the sentence of seven years, and also satisfied that the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8546403\charrsid1053453 requirements of s\~7(2) of the }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8546403\charrsid1053453 Supreme Court Act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8546403\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12787326\charrsid1053453 had been met, }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6189259\charrsid1053453 Ms\~Prasad}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8546403\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12787326\charrsid1053453 indicated that the State would have no objection to such a sentence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8546403\charrsid1053453 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8546403\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8546403\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 27\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8546403\charrsid1053453 There are, in our view, sufficient concerns about the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4017048\charrsid1053453 manner in which the petitioner was sentenced by the Court of Appeal, and the sentence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437391\charrsid1053453 of seven years}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4017048\charrsid1053453 itself, to make it appropriate to grant special leave in this case}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437391\charrsid1053453 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437391\charrsid1053453 We would }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4017048\charrsid1053453 further r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437391\charrsid1053453 educe the sentence imposed upon the petitioner}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4017048\charrsid1053453 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4017048\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5599606\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 28\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5599606\charrsid1053453 We have regard to the maximum penalty prescribed for the offence of manslaughter, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437391\charrsid1053453 which is life imprisonment.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437391\charrsid1053453 We also have regard to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5599606\charrsid1053453 the circumstances of this particular offence, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13781508\charrsid1053453 including }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5599606\charrsid1053453 the fact that it }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437391\charrsid1053453 was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5599606\charrsid1053453 committed in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618593\charrsid1053453 circumstances of high emotion and threatening behaviour by the deceased.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13781508\charrsid1053453 We take into account}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5599606\charrsid1053453 the youth and personal circumstances of the offender, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437391\charrsid1053453 and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5599606\charrsid1053453 the fact that he had no prior convictions for any offence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437391\charrsid1053453 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437391\charrsid1053453 We}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13781508\charrsid1053453 also}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437391\charrsid1053453 take into account }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4017048\charrsid1053453 his remorse, and }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437391\charrsid1053453 his }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4017048\charrsid1053453 willingness to accept a verdict }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437391\charrsid1053453 of manslaughter }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4017048\charrsid1053453 rather than put the State to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437391\charrsid1053453 the cost of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4017048\charrsid1053453 a new trial}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437391\charrsid1053453 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15863541\charrsid1053453 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437391\charrsid1053453 In our view, }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4017048\charrsid1053453 the appropriate sentence for this offence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5599606\charrsid1053453 is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4017048\charrsid1053453 four }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5599606\charrsid1053453 years commencing from 16 March 2006.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12326428\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453\charrsid1053453 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12326428\charrsid1053453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 29\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12326428\charrsid1053453 The orders of the Court will be: \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1053453 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12326428\charrsid1053453 1.\tab Special leave to appeal against sentence is granted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12326428\charrsid1053453 2.\tab The appeal is allowed. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12326428\charrsid1053453 3.\tab The sentence of seven years imprisonment commencing on 16 March 2006 imposed by the Court of Appeal is set aside. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1053453\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12326428\charrsid1053453 4.\tab A sentence of f}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4017048\charrsid1053453 our}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12326428\charrsid1053453 years imprisonment commencing on 16}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15751661\charrsid1053453 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12326428\charrsid1053453 March 2006 is substituted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12388243\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15356487\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2850804\charrsid1053453 Hon Justice Keith Mason \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696069\charrsid1053453 Judge of the Supreme Court \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1707936 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696069\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696069\charrsid1053453 Hon Justice Robert French \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696069\charrsid1053453 Judge of the Supreme Court}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696069\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1707936 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696069\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696069\charrsid1053453 Hon Justice Mark Weinberg \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696069\charrsid1053453 Judge of the Supreme Court}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1464116\charrsid1053453 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1053453 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120788\charrsid1053453 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1464116\charrsid1053453 Solicitors:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120788\charrsid1053453 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10056532\charrsid1053453 Petitioner in P}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5118345\charrsid1053453 erson}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120788\charrsid1053453 \par Office of the Director of Public Prosecution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5854535\charrsid1053453 , Suva for the Respondent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120788\charrsid1053453 \par }}