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THE FIJI ISLANDS}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9981504\charrsid7219413 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9766325\charrsid7219413 AT SUVA \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7219413 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9766325\charrsid7219413 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7219413 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9766325\charrsid7219413 C}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14753985\charrsid7219413 RIMINAL APPEAL NO.CAV0015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11612977\charrsid7219413 OF}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14753985\charrsid7219413 2007}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid7219413 S}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9766325\charrsid7219413 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9766325\charrsid7219413 (Fiji Court of Appeal No}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6685105\charrsid7219413 . AAU0065 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11612977\charrsid7219413 of}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6685105\charrsid7219413 2004S)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9766325\charrsid7219413 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7219413 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1516930\charrsid7219413 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7219413 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1516930\charrsid7219413 BETWEEN}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7219413\charrsid7219413 : \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7219413 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7219413 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7219413 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8477423\charrsid7219413 ANTHONY HAROLD CUMBERLAND THOMAS GATES}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8477423\charrsid7219413 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3141\charrsid7219413 Petitioner}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1516930\charrsid7219413 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7219413 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8477423\charrsid7219413 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7219413 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1516930\charrsid7219413 AND}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7219413\charrsid7219413 : \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7219413 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7219413 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7219413 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8477423\charrsid7219413 RATU INOKE TAKIVEIKATA}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7219413 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8477423\charrsid7219413 1st R}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10491159\charrsid7219413 espondent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9394231\charrsid7219413 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7219413 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9394231\charrsid7219413 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7219413 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9394231\charrsid7219413 AND}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7219413\charrsid7219413 : \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7219413 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7219413 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7219413 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9394231\charrsid7219413 THE STATE}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7219413 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9394231\charrsid7219413 2nd Respondent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8477423\charrsid7219413 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7219413 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7219413\charrsid7219413 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7219413 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230406\charrsid7219413 AND:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7219413 ---------------------------------------------------------------}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7219413\charrsid7219413 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7219413 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230406\charrsid7219413 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7219413 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid7219413 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.CAV0016 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11612977\charrsid7219413 OF}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid7219413 2007S \par (Fiji Court of Appeal No}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6685105\charrsid7219413 . AAU0065 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11612977\charrsid7219413 of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6685105\charrsid7219413 2004S)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid7219413 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7219413 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid7219413 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7219413 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid7219413 BETWEEN}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7219413\charrsid7219413 : \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7219413 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7219413 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7219413 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid7219413 THE STATE}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7219413 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid7219413 Petitioner \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7219413 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid7219413 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7219413 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid7219413 AND}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7219413\charrsid7219413 : \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7219413 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7219413 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7219413 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid7219413 RATU INOKE TAKIVEIKATA}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7219413 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid7219413 Respondent \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5247570 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1516930\charrsid7219413 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1516930\charrsid11815074 Coram}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11815074\charrsid11815074 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1516930\charrsid11815074 :\tab The Hon. Justice Keith Mason, Judge of the Supreme Court \par The Hon. Justice Kenneth Handley, Judge of the Supreme Court \par The Hon. Justice Ronald Sackville, Judge of the Supreme Court \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11815074\charrsid11815074 Hearing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1516930\charrsid11815074 :\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8477423\charrsid11815074 Fri}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1516930\charrsid11815074 day, 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8477423\charrsid11815074 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1516930\charrsid11815074 July 2008, Suva \par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1516930\charrsid11815074 \par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230406\charrsid11815074 CAV0015 OF 2007S}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10491159\charrsid11815074 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16391144\charrsid11815074 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1516930\charrsid11815074 Counsel:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5922973\charrsid11815074 \tab Mr. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6685105\charrsid11815074 C.B. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5922973\charrsid11815074 Young for the Petitioner \par Mr. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6685105\charrsid11815074 A. Naco}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid11815074 f}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5922973\charrsid11815074 or the 1st Respondent \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid11815074 Ms. A. Prasad }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5922973\charrsid11815074 for the 2nd Respondent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230406\charrsid11815074 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1516930\charrsid11815074 \par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230406\charrsid11815074 CAV0016 OF 2007S}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16732504\charrsid11815074 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16391144\charrsid11815074 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11815074\charrsid11815074 Counsel}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16391144\charrsid11815074 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid11815074 \tab }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6685105\charrsid11815074 Ms. A. Prasad f}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid11815074 or the Petitioner}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3141\charrsid11815074 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12333077\charrsid11815074 Mr. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6685105\charrsid11815074 A. Naco}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid11815074 for the Respondent}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3141\charrsid11815074 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12333077\charrsid11815074 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16732504\charrsid11815074 Date of Judgment:\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230406\charrsid11815074 Thursday, 24th July 2008, Suva}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15957369\charrsid11815074 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6685105\charrsid5247570 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9766325\charrsid5247570 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1601177\charrsid5247570 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid11815074 Course of the Proceedings}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8477423\charrsid11815074 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8477423\charrsid5247570 [1]\tab The Court has before it two petitions for special leave to appeal from a judgment of the Court of Appeal dated 25 June 2007.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8477423\charrsid5247570 The Court of Appeal quashed verdicts of guilty on four charges entered }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid721439\charrsid5247570 against Ratu Inoke Takiveikata (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid5247570 \lquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid721439\charrsid5247570 the accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid5247570 \rquote }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid721439\charrsid5247570 ) by the High }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid479101\charrsid5247570 C}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid721439\charrsid5247570 ourt on 24 November 2004.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8477423\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid721439\charrsid5247570 \par [2]\tab The accused was found guilty at a trial on four of the five counts with which he had been charged.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid721439\charrsid5247570 He was acquitted on }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid5247570 one}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid721439\charrsid5247570 count (Count5) of incitement to mutiny, but was convicted of }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid5247570 three}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid721439\charrsid5247570 counts of incitement to mutiny (Counts 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid5247570 to}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid721439\charrsid5247570 3) and one count of aiding soldiers in an act of mutiny (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1274444\charrsid5247570 Count 4).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1274444\charrsid5247570 Incitement to munity is an offence under s55(b) of the Penal Code (Cap}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid479101\charrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1274444\charrsid5247570 17),}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid479101\charrsid5247570 while aiding soldiers in an act of mutiny is an offence against s 56(a) of the Penal Code (Cap 17). \par \par [3]\tab The trial before Gates J. and five assessors}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid5247570 commenced}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid479101\charrsid5247570 on}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid479101\charrsid5247570 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid479101\charrsid5247570 November 2004 and conclud}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid5247570 ed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid479101\charrsid5247570 on}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid479101\charrsid5247570 24}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid479101\charrsid5247570 November}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid479101\charrsid5247570 2004.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 The}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 assessors}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 returned}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid394690\charrsid5247570 their}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid394690\charrsid5247570 opinions}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 following the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 trial}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 judge\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 summing up}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 after}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 what}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 Appeal described as a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 relative}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid5247570 ly brief}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 retirement}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 . The assessors\rquote decisions were as}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid394690\charrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 follows:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8477423\charrsid5247570 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 Count 1 \endash }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid5247570 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 4 to 1 -\tab in favour of acquittal.\tab \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 Count 2 \endash }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid5247570 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 3 to 2 -\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6106100\charrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 in favour of acquittal. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11815074 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 Count 3 \endash }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid5247570 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 3 to 2 -\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6106100\charrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 in favour of conviction. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 Count 4 \endash }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid5247570 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 5 to 0 -\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6106100\charrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 in favour of acquittal. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 Count 5 \endash }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075344\charrsid5247570 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 5 to 0 -\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6106100\charrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 in favour of acquittal. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230406\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 [4]\tab After considering the matter overnight, Gates J. delivered}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 judgment on 24 November 2004.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16022164\charrsid5247570 As already noted, he acquitted the accused on Count 5, but convicted him on Counts}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8409727\charrsid5247570 1 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 to}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8409727\charrsid5247570 4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8409727\charrsid5247570 Gates J. sentenced the accused to concurrent terms of life imprisonment on Counts 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8409727\charrsid5247570 3 and imposed a concurrent term of 18 months imprisonment on Count 4.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8409727\charrsid5247570 \par \par [5]\tab On 25 November 2004, the day after the verdict}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8409727\charrsid5247570 were entered}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8409727\charrsid5247570 a Mr. Brodie telephoned the accused\rquote s solicitors and recounted a conversation which he claimed had taken place at a cocktail party at the French Embassy on Bastille Day}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 ,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8409727\charrsid5247570 14 July 2004.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8409727\charrsid5247570 Mr. Brodie alleged that he and his wife had }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 had }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8409727\charrsid5247570 a conversation with the trial Judge, in the course of which the latter said words to the effect that he would ensure that the accused }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1977356\charrsid5247570 is }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8409727\charrsid5247570 put away}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8409727\charrsid5247570 . \par \par [6]\tab Mr. Brodie and his wife swore affidavits on the same day, giving }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 their}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8409727\charrsid5247570 accounts of the alleged conversation with the trial Judge. \par \par [7]\tab On 26 November 2004, the solicitors for the accused filed a petition of appeal in the Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 of Appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8409727\charrsid5247570 The petition identified a number of grounds of appeal }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16080736\charrsid5247570 against conviction and sentence.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16080736\charrsid5247570 Ground (f) was as follows:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10491159\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11815074 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10491159\charrsid5247570 that in all the circumstances there has been a miscarriage of justice by reason of pre-judgment by the trial judge in that on the 14th of July 2004 at a time when the trial judge had management of the trial of the appellant he allegedly represented to Donald and Margaretha Brodie at a function held at the reside n}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 ce}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10491159\charrsid5247570 of the French Ambassador t}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230406\charrsid5247570 hat in respect of the appellant:}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10491159\charrsid5247570 I am going to put him away.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 " }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10491159\charrsid5247570 The appellant relies on the Affidavits of Donald Ross Brodie and Margaretha Helene Brodie sworn on the 25th of November 2004}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10491159\charrsid5247570 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8409727\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10491159\charrsid5247570 [8]\tab On 14 December 2004, the President of the Court of Appeal, Ward }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 P}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10491159\charrsid5247570 ., wrote to the Solicitor-General.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10491159\charrsid5247570 The letter noted that the accused\rquote s appeal had been listed on 3 December 2004 in order to hear his application for bail pending appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10491159\charrsid5247570 The letter also noted that the accused had filed the affidavits of Mr. and Mrs. Brodie.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10491159\charrsid5247570 The letter continued as follows:}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8409727\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10491159\charrsid5247570 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9460381\charrsid5247570 I ordered that the judge should have an opportunity to reply, if he so wished, before I could consider the matter.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9460381\charrsid5247570 Ms Prasad, appearing for the State}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8018180\charrsid5247570 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9460381\charrsid5247570 at the application, advised the Court th}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8018180\charrsid5247570 a}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9460381\charrsid5247570 t she had, quite properly, already asked you to represent the interests}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8018180\charrsid5247570 o}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9460381\charrsid5247570 f the judge.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10491159\charrsid5247570 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9460381\charrsid5247570 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9460381\charrsid5247570 I therefore ordered that Gates J. should have 14 days to file any affidavit or submission in reply}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 .}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9460381\charrsid5247570 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8018180\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8018180\charrsid5247570 [9]\tab The trial Judge swore }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230406\charrsid5247570 an }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8018180\charrsid5247570 affidavit on 21 December 2004 (the time for filing the affidavit apparently having been extended).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8018180\charrsid5247570 The affidavit acknowledged that a conversation had occurred between the trial Judge and Mr. and Mr. Brodie at the French Embassy on 14 July 2004.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8018180\charrsid5247570 However, the trial Judge gave his account of the conversation as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13845882\charrsid5247570 We exchanged pleasantries, the details of which I do not now recollect.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13845882\charrsid5247570 I did not say anything about the conduct to date of the case by the defence, nor about any pending applications.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13845882\charrsid5247570 Nor di d I express a view on }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13845882\charrsid5247570 a form of traditional Fijian trial}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13845882\charrsid5247570 or as to any punishment }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9841755\charrsid5247570 I }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13845882\charrsid5247570 was minded to pass in the event that Rt Inoke were to be convicted.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8018180\charrsid5247570 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13845882\charrsid5247570 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13845882\charrsid5247570 It was Mr. Brodie who raised the topic of Rt Inoke\rquote s trial.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13845882\charrsid5247570 He asked whether charges Rt Inoke faced were serious.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13845882\charrsid5247570 I said he faced several different charges but the courts had in the past considered such offences as serious.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13845882\charrsid5247570 Much would depend upon the facts of the case and how the evidence}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 unfolded I said.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 I then left.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13845882\charrsid5247570 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8477423\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13845882\charrsid5247570 [10]\tab On 14 March 2007, the accused\rquote s solicitors filed a motion in the Court of Appeal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318113\charrsid5247570 seeking leave to adduce fresh evidence in the appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318113\charrsid5247570 The State opposed the application.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 } {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318113\charrsid5247570 The trial Judge was represented at the hearing of the motion by counsel instructed by the Interim Attorney-General.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13845882\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318113\charrsid5247570 \par [11]\tab On 23 March 2007, the Court of Appeal granted the accused leave to adduce further evidence on the appeal. \par \par [12]\tab The hearing of the appeal took place on 14 June 2007.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318113\charrsid5247570 Mr. and Mrs. Brodie gave evidence and were cross-examined by counsel for the State.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318113\charrsid5247570 The trial Judge also gave evidence and was cross-examined by counsel for the accused.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318113\charrsid5247570 Counsel appearing for the trial Judge, Mr. Young, sought leave to cross-examine Mr. and Mrs. Brodie, but the Court refused that application.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318113\charrsid5247570 However, the Court permitted Mr. Young to remain at the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 bar table}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318113\charrsid5247570 and to make submissions on behalf of the trial Judge. \par \par [13]\tab The Court of Appeal identified in its judgment 14 matters that, in their view, \par assisted in determining what had been said during the conversation at the French Embassy.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318113\charrsid5247570 The Court stated that it had been impressed with the forthright way Mr. and Mrs. Brodie had given their evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318113\charrsid5247570 The Court made its findings on the critical factual issue in the following terms:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13845882\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318113\charrsid5247570 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 We agree that in general terms it is unlikely that a judge would say what was alleged and that he was at a disadvantage being faced with allegations of what was said at a cocktail party some 5 months earlier.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 We accept that no improper motive was suggested for the Brodies\rquote complaint, or for the Judge\rquote s remarks.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 Taking all these matters into consideration and bearing in mind the seriousness of the allegations we are satisfied that the Judge did say to the Brodies }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 I will put him away}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 as they claim}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 [14]\tab The Court }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 added}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 the following comment: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 Finally as to the facts relating to the allegation of bias there is the reversal by the Judge of the assessors}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 \rquote }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 opinion that the accused was not guilty of Counts 1, 2 and 4.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 In Fiji the verdict in a criminal charge is that of the judge and not the assessors and he may override their opinions.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 This is done from time to time but seldom where the opinions are for acquittal}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 [15]\tab After discussing the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 legal }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 test for apprehended bias, the Court expressed its conclusion as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 We are satisfied that, even without considering what actually happened at trial, any fair minded lay observer who knew that the Judge had said to the Brodies in relation to the up-coming trial of the appellant }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 I will put him}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282974\charrsid5247570 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 away}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 would apprehend that the Judge might not bring an impartial and unprejudiced mind to the trial of the appellant.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 There was certainly the appearance of a possibility of an absence of an impartial mind on the part of the Judge.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 In o ur view this then results in his disqualification to conduct the trial and so subject to}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282974\charrsid5247570 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 w}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282974\charrsid5247570 hat}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 we say next a new trial on Counts 1, 2, 3 and 4 must be allowed.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 \par [16]\tab The court rejected a submission that it should }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 enter }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 a verdict of not guilty on all charges.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12681029\charrsid5247570 Instead, it quashed the verdict of guilty on Counts 1 to 4 and ordered a new trial on each of those counts. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282974\charrsid5247570 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282974\charrsid11815074 The Petition of the Trial Judge \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9841755\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9841755\charrsid5247570 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282974\charrsid5247570 17]\tab The trial Judge (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282974\charrsid5247570 petitioner}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282974\charrsid5247570 ) filed a petition seeking special leave to appeal from what was said to be paragraph 8 of the judgment of the Court of Appeal in which the Court stated that it was:\tab \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282974\charrsid5247570 satisfied that the Judge did say to the Brodies }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282974\charrsid5247570 I will put him away}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282974\charrsid5247570 as they claim}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282974\charrsid5247570 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13845882\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 [18]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282974\charrsid5247570 The accused was named }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15804065\charrsid5247570 as }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282974\charrsid5247570 the 1st respondent }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15804065\charrsid5247570 to the petition and the State as the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15804065\charrsid5247570 2nd respondent. \par \par [1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 9}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15804065\charrsid5247570 ]\tab The grounds of the petition were as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15804065\charrsid5247570 (a)\tab That the Court of Appeal erred in law as there was a breach of natural justice}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 in}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15804065\charrsid5247570 that the Petitioner\rquote s counsel was not given}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15804065\charrsid5247570 the opportunity to cross-examine Mr. & Mrs. Brodie. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15804065\charrsid5247570 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15804065\charrsid5247570 (b)\tab That the decision was perverse in that no proper reasoning was given by the Court as the basis of its conclusion that the Court was satisfied that the Petitioner }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15804065\charrsid5247570 did say to the Brodies }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15804065\charrsid5247570 I will put him away}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15804065\charrsid5247570 as they claim}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15804065\charrsid5247570 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15804065\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15804065\charrsid5247570 The relief sought by the petitioner was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15804065\charrsid5247570 to vacate the judgment of the Court of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10185811\charrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15804065\charrsid5247570 Appeal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15804065\charrsid5247570 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15804065\charrsid5247570 The petition did not address the consequences }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6107017\charrsid5247570 for}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15804065\charrsid5247570 the accused of such}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10185811\charrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15804065\charrsid5247570 an order. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6107017\charrsid5247570 \par [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 20}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6107017\charrsid5247570 ]\tab The petitioner\rquote s written submission}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 s}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6107017\charrsid5247570 , prepared by Mr. Young, contended that the: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6107017\charrsid5247570 decision of the Court of Appeal in making a finding of bias on the basis of choosing one version of the fact over another and the manner in which such a decision was arrived at, raises either: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6107017\charrsid5247570 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6107017\charrsid5247570 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11815074 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6107017\charrsid5247570 a far-reaching question of law; [or] \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6107017\charrsid5247570 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}a matter of great general or public importance}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6107017\charrsid5247570 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10185811\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6107017\charrsid5247570 Alternatively, so the petitioner argue}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6107017\charrsid5247570 , }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6107017\charrsid5247570 lack of proper reasoning}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6107017\charrsid5247570 by the Court of Appeal had resulted in a grave and substantial injustice to the petitioner. \par \par [2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8348280\charrsid5247570 1]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6107017\charrsid5247570 \tab Surprisingly, the petitioner\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399131\charrsid5247570 written submissions did not address the question of his standing to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 seek special leave to appeal to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399131\charrsid5247570 this Court.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399131\charrsid5247570 Nor did they address the nature and scope of the Court\rquote s power to set aside a finding of fact in a criminal case on }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399131\charrsid5247570 petition of a non-party.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5399131\charrsid5247570 However, these points were taken in written}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15760491\charrsid5247570 submissions belatedly fi}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10489391\charrsid5247570 led}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15760491\charrsid5247570 in this Court on behalf of the accused.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15760491\charrsid5247570 The issues of standing and power became the focus of the oral argument on the hearing of the petition for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848577\charrsid5247570 special }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15760491\charrsid5247570 leave to appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6107017\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15760491\charrsid5247570 \par [2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8348280\charrsid5247570 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15760491\charrsid5247570 ]\tab At the conclusion of oral argument, the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7759025\charrsid5247570 Court announced that it proposed to dismiss the petition seeking special leave to appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7759025\charrsid5247570 We stated that we would provide written reasons for the order in due course.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7759025\charrsid5247570 These are our reasons.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15760491\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7759025\charrsid5247570 \par [2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8348280\charrsid5247570 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7759025\charrsid5247570 ]\tab Section 122(1) of the Constitution provides that the Supreme Court has exclusive jurisdiction to: \par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11612977\charrsid5247570 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7759025\charrsid5247570 hear and determine appeals from all final judgments of the Court}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6380520\charrsid5247570 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8876657\charrsid5247570 of}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7759025\charrsid5247570 Appeal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7759025\charrsid5247570 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7759025\charrsid5247570 \par Section 122(3) of the Constitution gives the Supreme Court power to: \par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230406\charrsid5247570 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7759025\charrsid5247570 revie w, vary, set aside or affirm decisions or orders of the Court of Appeal and}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8876657\charrsid5247570 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7759025\charrsid5247570 may make such orders .. .. .. .. as are necessary for the administration of justice}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7759025\charrsid5247570 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7759025\charrsid5247570 \par [2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8348280\charrsid5247570 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7759025\charrsid5247570 ]\tab There are two fundamental difficulties facing the petiti}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6753660\charrsid5247570 oner}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7759025\charrsid5247570 in his petition for special leave to appeal to this Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6753660\charrsid5247570 The first is that, as Mr. Young accepted in oral argument, the petitioner is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6753660\charrsid5247570 agnostic}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6753660\charrsid5247570 as to the outcome of the criminal proceedings against the accused.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6753660\charrsid5247570 The petitioner does not seek to set aside the order}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6898403\charrsid5247570 made by the Court of Appeal}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6753660\charrsid5247570 quashing the accused\rquote s convictions, nor the order for a new trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6753660\charrsid5247570 Despite some ambiguity in the petition itself, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6898403\charrsid5247570 the petitioner}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6753660\charrsid5247570 seeks only to set aside the finding that the words alleged to have}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6898403\charrsid5247570 been}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6753660\charrsid5247570 said on 14 July 2004 were in fact said by him.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6753660\charrsid5247570 Mr. Young\rquote s acknowledgement that this is the extent of the relief sought by the petitioner was entirely proper.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6753660\charrsid5247570 Otherwise, the trial Judge in a criminal case would be seeking to reinstate a conviction set aside by an intermediate appellate court.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7759025\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6753660\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8348280\charrsid5247570 [25}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16194616\charrsid5247570 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2560954\charrsid5247570 \tab It will be seen that s122(1) of the Constitution confers jurisdiction on the Supreme }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6753660\charrsid5247570 Court to hear and determine }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6753660\charrsid5247570 appeals }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11342901\charrsid5247570 from}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6753660\charrsid5247570 final judgments of the Court of Appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6753660\charrsid5247570 In its appellate jurisdiction the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11342901\charrsid5247570 Supreme Court has power to review, vary, set aside or affirm }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11342901\charrsid5247570 decisions}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11342901\charrsid5247570 or }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11342901\charrsid5247570 orders}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11342901\charrsid5247570 of the Court of Appeal: s122(3).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11342901\charrsid5247570 The Supreme Court\rquote s power in a criminal appeal does not extend to setting aside a factual finding, made by the Court of Appeal, where the petitioner }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6898403\charrsid5247570 wa}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11342901\charrsid5247570 s not a party to the proceedings and does not challenge }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6898403\charrsid5247570 any}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11342901\charrsid5247570 decision or order made by the Court of Appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11342901\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6898403\charrsid5247570 \par [26]\tab An appeal is: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11342901\charrsid5247570 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11342901\charrsid5247570 the formal proceeding by }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16194616\charrsid5247570 which an unsuccessful party seeks to have the forma}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6380520\charrsid5247570 l }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16194616\charrsid5247570 order of the court set aside or varied in [his] or [her] favour by an appellate court}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16194616\charrsid5247570 .}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6753660\charrsid5247570 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16194616\charrsid5247570 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16194616\charrsid5247570 Commonwealth of Australia the Bank of New South Wales}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16194616\charrsid5247570 [1950] AC 235, 294 (PC).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203223\charrsid5247570 As the Privy Council made clear in that case, the word }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203223\charrsid5247570 decision}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203223\charrsid5247570 is }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9337485\charrsid5247570 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10489391\charrsid5247570 p}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203223\charrsid5247570 t to cover }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203223\charrsid5247570 judgments, decrees, orders and sentences}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203223\charrsid5247570 . Their Lordships went on to say (294) that the natural and obvious meaning of the word }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203223\charrsid5247570 decision}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203223\charrsid5247570 is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203223\charrsid5247570 decision of the suit by the Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203223\charrsid5247570 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203223\charrsid5247570 They also drew a distinction between the formal expression of an}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10489391\charrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203223\charrsid5247570 adjudication in a suit and the statement by a judge of the grounds for an order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6753660\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16194616\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203223\charrsid5247570 [2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1713784\charrsid5247570 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203223\charrsid5247570 ]\tab A challenge confined to a particular finding of fact made (in this case) by the Court of Appeal does not amount, without more, to a challenge to the Court\rquote s decision or order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203223\charrsid5247570 It represents merely a challenge to a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8352650\charrsid5247570 g}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203223\charrsid5247570 round for the decision or order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203223\charrsid5247570 To put the matter another way, a finding of fact made because a court prefers the evidence of one witness to that of another does not, of itself, adversely affect the right of the witness }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11815074 whose evidence is not accepted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13203223\charrsid5247570 \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16194616\charrsid5247570 [2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1713784\charrsid5247570 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16194616\charrsid5247570 ]\tab Th e concluding words of s122(3) of the Constitution, which confer power on the Court to make such orders }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16194616\charrsid5247570 as are necessary for the administration of justice}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16194616\charrsid5247570 , do not extend the powers of the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8352650\charrsid5247570 C}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16194616\charrsid5247570 ourt in relation to a challenge to findings of fact, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8352650\charrsid5247570 which is made }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16194616\charrsid5247570 independently of any challenge to an order or decision of the Court of Appeal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12079121\charrsid5247570 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12079121\charrsid5247570 The concluding words}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8352650\charrsid5247570 of the sub-section}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10489391\charrsid5247570 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12079121\charrsid5247570 as the illustrations given in}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8352650\charrsid5247570 its text}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12079121\charrsid5247570 demonstrate, enable the Court to make orders consequential on the exercise of the power to review, vary, set aside or affirm decisions or orders of the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9337485\charrsid5247570 Court of Appeal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12079121\charrsid5247570 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16194616\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15873077\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8348280\charrsid5247570 [2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1713784\charrsid5247570 9}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5922973\charrsid5247570 ]\tab The }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13988173\charrsid5247570 second difficulty confronting the petitioner is related to the first.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13988173\charrsid5247570 In }{ \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13988173\charrsid5247570 Ratu Rakuita Vakalalabure v. The State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13988173\charrsid5247570 (CAV0003 of 200 4S, 1 May 2006), the Supreme Court addressed the principles governing standing in the context of an application by a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15873077\charrsid5247570 J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13988173\charrsid5247570 udge of the High Court to intervene in a petition for leave to appeal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10489391\charrsid5247570 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10489391\charrsid5247570 T}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15873077\charrsid5247570 he petition had been brought by a petitioner }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13988173\charrsid5247570 whose conviction at a trial had been affirmed by the Court of Appeal.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13988173\charrsid5247570 The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15873077\charrsid5247570 J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13988173\charrsid5247570 udge seeking to intervene had presided at the trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13988173\charrsid5247570 She sought an order that one member of the Supreme Court bench be disqualified by reason of what }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15873077\charrsid5247570 she claimed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13988173\charrsid5247570 to be that member\rquote s personal antipathy towards }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15873077\charrsid5247570 her.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13988173\charrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1977356\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13988173\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8348280\charrsid5247570 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1713784\charrsid5247570 30}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13988173\charrsid5247570 ]\tab The Supreme Court }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11429120\charrsid5247570 in }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11429120\charrsid5247570 Ratu Rakuita Vakalalabure}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11429120\charrsid5247570 observed ([85]) that the application to intervene involved two questions:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15873077\charrsid5247570 whether}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11429120\charrsid5247570 the trial Judge had any standing in the matter and, if so, whether in the exercise of the Court\rquote s discretion, leave to intervene should be granted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11429120\charrsid5247570 The Court pointed out}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421934\charrsid5247570 ([86]) that the principles governing standing in cases involving challenges to the legality of administrative action tend to be more liberal than those applying to a non-party who se eks to become involved in civil litigation between other persons or in criminal prosecutions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421934\charrsid5247570 Their Lordships said ([109]) that the authorities showed that: \par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1274686\charrsid5247570 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1274686\charrsid5247570 The circumstances under which non-parties will be given leave to intervene in cases that do not directly concern their legal rights are more circumscribed than those which will apply in applications for judicial review.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1274686\charrsid5247570 Moreover, the constraints upon such intervention are likely to be greater, for sound public policy reasons, in criminal cases than th ey are in civil cases}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1274686\charrsid5247570 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421934\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8348280\charrsid5247570 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8352650\charrsid5247570 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1713784\charrsid5247570 1}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1274686\charrsid5247570 ]\tab The Court adopted ([110]) the observation of the Fiji Court of Appeal in }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1274686\charrsid5247570 Sukh Deo Prasad v The Attorney-General}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1274686\charrsid5247570 (Civil }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11469950\charrsid5247570 A}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1274686\charrsid5247570 ppeal ABU0029 of 1997,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11469950\charrsid5247570 13 August 1997) that, in order for a non-party to obtain leave to intervene in an appeal, the applicant must be:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1274686\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11469950\charrsid5247570 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11469950\charrsid5247570 interested in, or aggrieved or prejudicially affected by the judgment or order.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11469950\charrsid5247570 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11469950\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8348280\charrsid5247570 [3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1713784\charrsid5247570 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11469950\charrsid5247570 ]\tab Their Lordships characteri}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13123620\charrsid5247570 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11469950\charrsid5247570 ed ([111]) the approach}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10489391\charrsid5247570 by courts}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11469950\charrsid5247570 to applications to intervene in criminal appeals as }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11469950\charrsid5247570 even more cautious}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11469950\charrsid5247570 , reflecting the:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11469950 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11815074\charrsid5247570 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11469950\charrsid5247570 need to avoid persons who are not parties to criminal proceedings, but have strong emotional interests in their outcome, such as the victims of crimes, or}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11469950\charrsid5247570 their relatives, pressing for the right to participate directly in the trial process.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11469950\charrsid5247570 The interests of such persons are represented by the Director of Public Prosecutions, who brings criminal charges in the name of the State}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11469950\charrsid5247570 .}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421934\charrsid5247570 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126873\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8348280\charrsid5247570 [3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1713784\charrsid5247570 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8348280\charrsid5247570 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126873\charrsid5247570 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13123620\charrsid5247570 As we have explained, the petitioner does not seek to challenge the orders made by the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10489391\charrsid5247570 C}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13123620\charrsid5247570 ourt of Appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13123620\charrsid5247570 Nonetheless, he wishes to have set aside the crucial factual finding which provided the basis for the Court\rquote s orders. To ad}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10489391\charrsid5247570 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13123620\charrsid5247570 pt the comment made by the Northern Territory Court of Appeal in }{ \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13123620\charrsid5247570 The Queen v GJ}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13123620\charrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13123620\charrsid5247570 [2005] NTCCA 20, in a passage cited }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13123620\charrsid5247570 in Ratu Rakuita Vakalalabure}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10489391\charrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13123620\charrsid5247570 ([119])}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10373309\charrsid5247570 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13123620\charrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid738843\charrsid5247570 there is no issue joined, nor could there be any issue joined, between the petitioner, the State and the accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 :}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126873 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11815074\charrsid5247570 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid738843\charrsid5247570 When an accused is put on his trial in accordance with the time-honoured formula repeated in every criminal trial in the presence of a jury the issues are joined between the [State] and the accused.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid738843\charrsid5247570 It is the [State] which represents the interests of the community \'85\'85\'85. and no one else}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid738843\charrsid5247570 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid738843\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8348280\charrsid5247570 [3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1713784\charrsid5247570 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid738843\charrsid5247570 ]\tab It follows that}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13123620\charrsid5247570 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid738843\charrsid5247570 even if the State had not filed its own petition seeking special leave to appeal }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13123620\charrsid5247570 against}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid738843\charrsid5247570 the judgment and orders of the Court of Appeal, the petitioner would lack standing to challenge the finding relating to the terms of the conversation of 14 July 2004.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid738843\charrsid5247570 The petitioner is}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10373309\charrsid5247570 essentially}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid738843\charrsid5247570 in the same posit ion as any witness whose evidence has not been accepted by a court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid738843\charrsid5247570 While he may feel aggrieved by the court\rquote s }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8139279\charrsid5247570 refusal to accept his evidence on a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10373309\charrsid5247570 factual issue,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8139279\charrsid5247570 he does not have a sufficient interest in a criminal proceeding to give him standing to challenge the finding }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10373309\charrsid5247570 of fact made by the court.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid738843\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8139279\charrsid5247570 \par [3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1713784\charrsid5247570 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8139279\charrsid5247570 ]\tab As it happens, the State has filed its own petition for special leave to appeal against the judgment and orders of the Court of Appeal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2366348\charrsid5247570 in this case.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2366348\charrsid5247570 We have already pointed out that the petitioner does not seek to persuade this Court to set aside the orders made by the Court of Appeal.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2366348\charrsid5247570 Nonetheless, he wishes to attack a finding that provided the factual foundation for the ultimate conclusion reached by the Court of Appeal.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2366348\charrsid5247570 As Mr. Young accepted in ora l argument, the petitioner wishes to advance precisely the same argument on that factual question as the State seeks to put forward in support of its petition. No reason has been given as to why, in the circumstances of this case, the State cannot adequat ely represent }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579145\charrsid5247570 any}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2366348\charrsid5247570 interest }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579145\charrsid5247570 the petitioner may have in challenging the finding}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10373309\charrsid5247570 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8139279\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579145\charrsid5247570 \par [3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1713784\charrsid5247570 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579145\charrsid5247570 ]\tab Mr. Young referred to several authorities in the course of his submissions.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579145\charrsid5247570 None, however, assist}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10373309\charrsid5247570 s}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579145\charrsid5247570 the petitioner.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10373309\charrsid5247570 Mr. Young relied on certain passages}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579145\charrsid5247570 from Professor R.E.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579145\charrsid5247570 Flann \rquote s w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10373309\charrsid5247570 ork, J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579145\charrsid5247570 udicial }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10373309\charrsid5247570 D}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579145\charrsid5247570 isqualification: Recusal and Disqualification of Judges (1996)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10373309\charrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579145\charrsid5247570 reproduced in the judgment in }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579145\charrsid5247570 Ratu Rakuita Vakalalabure}{ \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10373309\charrsid5247570 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10373309\charrsid5247570 Those passages, however, address the question of whether non-parties can}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579145\charrsid5247570 have a legitimate interest in raising an allegation of judicial bias.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579145\charrsid5247570 There is, of course,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927169\charrsid5247570 no question here that the accused had standing to raise }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355385\charrsid5247570 that question }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927169\charrsid5247570 before the Court of Appeal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355385\charrsid5247570 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10373309\charrsid5247570 \par \par [3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1713784\charrsid5247570 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10373309\charrsid5247570 ]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355385\charrsid5247570 Mr. Young\rquote s citation of the Indian case of }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355385\charrsid5247570 Re K}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355385\charrsid5247570 ([2004]) LRC 622 was not in point.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355385\charrsid5247570 That case }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067743\charrsid5247570 concerned }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10373309\charrsid5247570 the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10355385\charrsid5247570 very limited circumstances}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067743\charrsid5247570 in which a court may order }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067743\charrsid5247570 irrelevant and unjustifiable}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067743\charrsid5247570 passages expunged from a judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067743\charrsid5247570 The factual findings made by the Court of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10373309\charrsid5247570 A}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067743\charrsid5247570 ppeal in the present case were not irrelevant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067743\charrsid5247570 They went to the heart of the accused\rquote s claim that the trial }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10373309\charrsid5247570 had }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067743\charrsid5247570 miscarried }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10373309\charrsid5247570 because of a reasonable}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067743\charrsid5247570 apprehension that the trial Judge could not bring an impartial mind to the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14899736\charrsid5247570 matters in issue in the criminal trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579145\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067743\charrsid5247570 \par [3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1713784\charrsid5247570 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067743\charrsid5247570 ]\tab Mr. Young also submitted that the petitioner had been }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14899736\charrsid5247570 perm}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067743\charrsid5247570 itted to intervene in the Court of Appeal and th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14899736\charrsid5247570 erefore had}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067743\charrsid5247570 standing to be heard on a petition for special leave to appeal to this Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067743\charrsid5247570 No order permitting the petitioner to intervene was made by the Court of Appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067743\charrsid5247570 The letter of 14 December 2004 from the President of the Court of Appeal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12334597\charrsid5247570 to the Solicitor-General (referred to }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14899736\charrsid5247570 above}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12334597\charrsid5247570 ) merely gave the petitioner the opportunity}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10489391\charrsid5247570 ,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12334597\charrsid5247570 if he wished}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10489391\charrsid5247570 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12334597\charrsid5247570 to file evidence in the Court of Appeal.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12334597\charrsid5247570 That Court permitted the petitioner\rquote s counsel to appear and make submissions but not to cross-examine.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12334597\charrsid5247570 Whether it was appropriate to take these steps is not a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14899736\charrsid5247570 matter}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12334597\charrsid5247570 we need to address.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12334597\charrsid5247570 It is }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14899736\charrsid5247570 enough to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12334597\charrsid5247570 say}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8214123\charrsid5247570 that the petitioner was never made a party, whether }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14899736\charrsid5247570 as an intervener or otherwise,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8214123\charrsid5247570 to the appeal heard and determine}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14899736\charrsid5247570 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8214123\charrsid5247570 by the Court of Appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067743\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8929231\charrsid5247570 \par [3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1713784\charrsid5247570 9}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8929231\charrsid5247570 ]\tab It follows that the petitioner\rquote s petition for leave to appeal must be dismissed. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14899736\charrsid5247570 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2830743\charrsid11815074 The State\rquote s Petition}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6380520\charrsid11815074 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11815074 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2830743\charrsid5247570 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1713784\charrsid5247570 40}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2830743\charrsid5247570 ]\tab The State\rquote s petition for special leave to appeal was based on what was said to be errors by the Court of Appeal in reaching a conclusion }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2830743\charrsid5247570 in regard to alleged bias}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2830743\charrsid5247570 by the trial Judge.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2830743\charrsid5247570 The errors w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10489391\charrsid5247570 ere}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2830743\charrsid5247570 said to consist of taking into account irrelevant considerations and by giving excessive weight or insufficient weight to particular considerations.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2830743\charrsid5247570 The State did not file any written submissions in support of its submissions, apparently because of an oversight.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2830743\charrsid5247570 The oral submissions advanced by Ms Prasad on behalf of the State adopted, in substance, the written submissions filed on behalf of the petitioner (the trial Judge) in the other matter before the Court, insofar as those submissions attacked the finding of fact made by the Court of Appeal. \par \par [4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1713784\charrsid5247570 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2830743\charrsid5247570 ]\tab Three points should be noted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2830743\charrsid5247570 First, it is clear from the judgment of the Court of Appeal that, contrary to what is said in the State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2301340\charrsid5247570 \rquote s petition, the Court of Appeal did not find that the trial Judge was actually biased.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2301340\charrsid5247570 The conclusion reached by the Court of Appeal was that:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2830743\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2301340\charrsid5247570 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2301340\charrsid5247570 any fair minded lay observer who knew that the Judge had said to the Brodies in relation to the up-coming trial of the [the accused] }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2301340\charrsid5247570 I will put him away}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2301340\charrsid5247570 would apprehend that the Judge might not bring an impartial and unprejudiced mind to the trial}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2301340\charrsid5247570 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2301340\charrsid5247570 \par [4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1713784\charrsid5247570 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2301340\charrsid5247570 ]\tab Secondly, the Court of Appeal made no finding that the trial Judge\rquote s evidence was deliberately false.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2301340\charrsid5247570 The Court accepted the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2301340\charrsid5247570 forthright}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2301340\charrsid5247570 evidence of the Brodies in preference to the evidence given by the trial Judge.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2301340\charrsid5247570 It is an everyday occurrence for a court to be required to choose between conflicting versions of events that took place sometime before.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2301340\charrsid5247570 It is very frequently the case that both of the competing accounts are given quite honestly. \par \par [4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1713784\charrsid5247570 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2301340\charrsid5247570 ]\tab Thirdly, the Court of Appeal expressly noted that no improper motive had been suggested for the trial Judge}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10231424\charrsid5247570 \rquote s comment at the French Embassy. \par \par [4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1713784\charrsid5247570 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10231424\charrsid5247570 ]\tab The unusual feature of this case is that the Court of Appeal made a finding of fact about what was said by the Judge in relation to a pending criminal trial over which he was to preside}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10489391\charrsid5247570 ,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10231424\charrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid529735\charrsid5247570 after hearing evidence from the Judge himself.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid529735\charrsid5247570 There have been other cases where out of court statements allegedly made by a judge have provided the basis for a disqualification application.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid529735\charrsid5247570 Ordinarily, the application for disqualification would be made to the judge himself or herself before or at the trial:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10489391\charrsid5247570 }{ \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600181\charrsid5247570 Vakauta }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10489391\charrsid5247570 v. }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600181\charrsid5247570 Kelly}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600181\charrsid5247570 (1988) 167}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8929231\charrsid5247570 CLR 568, 572 per Brennan, D}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600181\charrsid5247570 eane}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8929231\charrsid5247570 and Dawson}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600181\charrsid5247570 JJ}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8929231\charrsid5247570 ; }{ \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8929231\charrsid5247570 Baker}{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10489391\charrsid5247570 v.}{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8929231\charrsid5247570 the Queen}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8929231\charrsid5247570 }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8929231\charrsid5247570 (}{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10489391\charrsid5247570 No.}{ \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8929231\charrsid5247570 2)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8929231\charrsid5247570 70 FCR}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9337485\charrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600181\charrsid5247570 1, 7-8, per }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15686734\charrsid5247570 c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600181\charrsid5247570 uriam.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8929231\charrsid5247570 Here, the claims }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10489391\charrsid5247570 relating to the conversation }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8929231\charrsid5247570 were made only }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10489391\charrsid5247570 after}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8929231\charrsid5247570 the trial had concluded.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8929231\charrsid5247570 Hence the fact-finding role performed by the Court of Appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8929231\charrsid5247570 \par \par [4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1713784\charrsid5247570 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8929231\charrsid5247570 ]\tab When the case is stripped of its unusual feature, it involves a straightforward finding of fact by the Court of Appeal about the disputed terms of the conversation and the application to the fact so found of well-established and uncontroversial principles relating to apprehended bias.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8929231\charrsid5247570 The criticisms made by the State of the Court of Appeal\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15686734\charrsid5247570 factual}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8929231\charrsid5247570 finding do not detract from the advantage enjoyed by that Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15686734\charrsid5247570 in}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8929231\charrsid5247570 having seen}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15686734\charrsid5247570 the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8929231\charrsid5247570 witnesses giv}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600181\charrsid5247570 e}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8929231\charrsid5247570 their evidence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600181\charrsid5247570 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600181\charrsid5247570 There is nothing }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600181\charrsid5247570 glaringly improbable}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600181\charrsid5247570 about the conclusion reached: }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600181\charrsid5247570 Fox }{ \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9337485\charrsid5247570 v.}{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600181\charrsid5247570 Percy}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600181\charrsid5247570 (2003) 214, CLR 118, [128], [29], per Gl}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9337485\charrsid5247570 ees}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600181\charrsid5247570 on CJ, Gummow and Kirby JJ.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600181\charrsid5247570 Nor do the State\rquote s submission raise any issue of principle requiring the consideration of the Supreme Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8929231\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600181\charrsid5247570 \par [4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1713784\charrsid5247570 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600181\charrsid5247570 ]\tab The State argued that the Court of Appeal had wrongly taken into account}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15686734\charrsid5247570 on the question of apprehended bias}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600181\charrsid5247570 the fact that the trial Judge had reversed the assessors\rquote opinion that the accused was not guilty on three of the counts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12600181\charrsid5247570 However, we read the Court of Appeal\rquote s judgment as merely indicating that the issue of apprehended bias was a live one because the conclusions reached by the trial Judge were unfavourable to the accused.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247570 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611843\charrsid5247570 In any event, the Court of Appeal expressed its view on apprehended bias expressly putting aside what had transpired at the trial.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid529735\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152318\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1912499\charrsid5247570 [47]\tab The State also argued that the Court of Appeal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152318\charrsid5247570 gave inadequate reasons for its factual finding. Gi ven that the Court had to choose between two versions of a relatively short conversation, where the parties agreed as to the contents of much of the conversation, the Court\rquote s reasons explain sufficiently why their Lordships preferred the evidence of the Brodies on the disputed point.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611843\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152318\charrsid5247570 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611843\charrsid5247570 [4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152318\charrsid5247570 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611843\charrsid5247570 ]\tab For these reasons the petition for special leave to appeal by the State must }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15686734\charrsid5247570 also }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611843\charrsid5247570 be dismissed. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11815074 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2303773\charrsid5247570 Hon }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13387663\charrsid5247570 Justice Keith Mason \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13387663\charrsid11815074 Judge of the Supreme Court \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13387663\charrsid5247570 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2303773\charrsid11815074 Hon}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16060520\charrsid11815074 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13387663\charrsid11815074 Justice Kenneth Handley \par Judge of the Supreme Court \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13387663\charrsid5247570 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16060520\charrsid5247570 Hon }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13387663\charrsid5247570 Justice Ronald Sac}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16060520\charrsid5247570 k}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13387663\charrsid5247570 ville \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid271960\charrsid11815074 Judge of the Supreme Court}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12195499\charrsid11815074 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815074 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10300754\charrsid5247570 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13387663\charrsid11815074 Solicitors: \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152318\charrsid5247570 \par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152318\charrsid11815074 CAV0015 OF 2007S}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13387663\charrsid11815074 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5922973\charrsid11815074 Young & Associates, Lautoka for the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6685105\charrsid11815074 P}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5922973\charrsid11815074 etitioner}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12930619\charrsid11815074 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6685105\charrsid11815074 Naco Chambers}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5922973\charrsid11815074 , Suva, for the 1st }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6685105\charrsid11815074 R}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5922973\charrsid11815074 espondent \par Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions, Suva for the 2nd Respondent \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152318\charrsid5247570 \par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3152318\charrsid11815074 CAV0016 OF 2007S}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12930619\charrsid11815074 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6685105\charrsid11815074 Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions, Suva, for the Petitioner \par Naco Chambers, Suva, for the Respondent \par }}