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NEW SOUTH WALES}{\author David Ipp}{\operator blake_r}{\creatim\yr2006\mo10\dy24\hr8\min18}{\revtim\yr2006\mo10\dy24\hr8\min18}{\printim\yr2006\mo10\dy16\hr17\min2}{\version2}{\edmins5}{\nofpages6}{\nofwords2231}{\nofchars12722} {\*\company Attorney Generals Department}{\nofcharsws14924}{\vern16391}}{\*\userprops {\propname _AdHocReviewCycleID}\proptype3{\staticval -598165914}{\propname _EmailSubject}\proptype30{\staticval Supreme Court Judgments -October 2006} {\propname _AuthorEmail}\proptype30{\staticval cj@govnet.gov.fj}{\propname _AuthorEmailDisplayName}\proptype30{\staticval Daniel Fatiaki}{\propname _ReviewingToolsShownOnce}\proptype30{\staticval }}\paperw11909\paperh16834\margl1440\margr1440\margb1238 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow0 \jexpand\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\bdrrlswsix\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot15160053 \fet0{\*\template 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)}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s16\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14177110\charrsid15154168 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF the FIJI ISLANDS \par AT SUVA \par }{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14177110\charrsid15154168 \par CRIMINAL}{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15154168\charrsid15154168 }{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14177110\charrsid15154168 APPEAL}{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15154168\charrsid15154168 }{ \b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14177110\charrsid15154168 NO. CAV0001 OF 2006S \par }{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11211457\charrsid15154168 (}{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14177110\charrsid15154168 Fiji Court of Appeal No. AAU00}{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11344939\charrsid15154168 20}{ \b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15154168\charrsid15154168 }{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11211457\charrsid15154168 of }{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14177110\charrsid15154168 200}{ \b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11344939\charrsid15154168 5}{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14177110\charrsid15154168 S) \par \par BETWEEN: \par }{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15154168\charrsid15154168 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14177110\charrsid15154168 JONETANI ROKOUA \par }{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14177110\charrsid15154168 Petitioner \par \par AND: \par }{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15154168\charrsid15154168 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14177110\charrsid15154168 THE STATE \par }{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14177110\charrsid15154168 Respondent \par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 {\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14177110\charrsid15154168 \par Coram:}{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15154168\charrsid15154168 }{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14177110\charrsid15154168 The Hon Justice Robert French, Judge of the Supreme Court \par The Hon Justice Kenneth Handley, Judge of the Supreme Court \par The Hon Justice David Andrew Ipp, Judge of the Supreme Court \par \par Hearing:}{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15154168\charrsid15154168 }{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14177110\charrsid15154168 Tuesday, 10th October 2006, Suva \par \par Counsel:}{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15154168\charrsid15154168 }{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14177110\charrsid15154168 Petitioner in Person \par R Gibson for the Respondent \par \par Date of}{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15154168\charrsid15154168 }{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14177110\charrsid15154168 Judgment:}{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15154168\charrsid15154168 }{ \b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14177110\charrsid15154168 Thursday, 19th October 2006, Suva \par }{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15154168\charrsid15154168 \par }\pard \s16\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14177110\charrsid15154168 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT \par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 {\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14177110\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The Court}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 This is an application for special leave to appeal against the petitioner\rquote s conviction on one count of robbery with violence contrary to s 293 of the Penal Code and one count of unlawful use of a motor vehicle contrary to s 292 of the Code.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Govind J and three assessors constituted the trial court that convicted the petitioner. \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The State alleged that on 20 November 2001 the petitioner and another man went to the premises of a motor vehicle dealer.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Two Indian salesmen (the sales manager, Ashwin Mani, and one Nizam) were in the office at the time. The men said that they would like to test drive a four}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 -}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 wheel}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 -}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 drive vehicle. Mr Mani selected a brown four}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 -}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 wheel}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 -} {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 drive and took the two men for a drive.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 One of the men took over driving and Mr Mani moved to the front passenger seat.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 In an apparently planned move, the driver stopped the car and the other man put a knife to Mr Mani\rquote s throat.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The men took Mani\rquote s purse containing five dollars.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Mr Mani was ejected from the vehicle and the two men drove off in it. \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 At the trial Mr Mani testified that, a few days after the robbery, he took part in an identity parade where he identified the petitioner, from a group of ten other men, as one of the robbers.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 } {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 In cross}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 -}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 ex amination, the petitioner put to Mr Mani that, at the identity parade, he identified two other men, in addition to the petitioner, but Mr Mani said that he }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 "}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 positively}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 "}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 denied having done so. \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 A police officer, Detective Maciu Vava, testified that on the afternoon of the robbery he recognised the petitioner, whom he knew, sitting in a brown four}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 -}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 wheel drive with altered licence plates at the Lautoka hospital.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 He was unmoved in cross}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 -}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 examination. \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The petitioner, when testifying, denied any involvement in the robbery.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 He contended that Detective Vava was lying in saying that he had seen the petitioner in}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5650578\charrsid15154168 a}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 brown four}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 -}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 wheel}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 -}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 drive after the robbery.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 He denied that this had occurred. \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 In his defence, the petitioner called Joseph King and Josateki Labalaba to testify.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Mr King said that in November 2001 he and Mr Labalaba had been arrested on a charge of unlawful use of a motor vehicle.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Mr King said that an Indian man identified Mr Labalaba and himself as having participated in the robbery.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The investigating officer told Mr King that the Indian man was a salesman from the car dealer.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 According to Mr King, the salesman said that he and Mr Labalaba had test driven the vehicle and had robbed him. Mr King said that he was released the day after he was arrested.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 8\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Mr Labalaba testified that a motor vehicle salesman identified Mr King and himself as having been involved in the robbery.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 He said that, later, the salesman returned to the gaol and said that Mr King and Mr Labalaba had not been involved. }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Mr Labalaba was then released. \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 9\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The petitioner denied that he had been involved in the robbery and contended that the prosecution case was based on an erroneous identification.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 10\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Thus, the trial was squarely a credibility contest.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The assessors were called upon to decide wheth er the prosecution had proved beyond reasonable doubt that the evidence given by Mr Mani and Detective Vava was to be believed in preference to that given by the petitioner, Mr King and Mr Labalaba.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The trial judge's charge on this particular issue is not now challenged.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The Court of Appeal described it as }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 "}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 clear and faultless}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 "}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 . \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 11\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The assessors found against the petitioner, and he was convicted as charged.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 He appealed to the Court of Appeal, but his appeal was dismissed. \par }\pard \s1\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 12\tab}}\pard \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The petitioner's first gr}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid267568\charrsid15154168 ound}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 of app eal in his application for special leave to appeal to this Court was based on the proposition that Mr Mani had been lying when he testified that he had not identified anyone else as having been involved in the robbery.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 He submitted that Detective Vava, too had been lying. He argued that he had been convicted on perjured evidence. \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 13\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 After the }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid267568\charrsid15154168 High Court}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 had }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid267568\charrsid15154168 passed sentence}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid11344939\charrsid15154168 ,}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid267568\charrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 and apparently at the request of a single judge made in interlocutory proceedings, counsel for the prosecution at the trial, Mr Qica, pro vided an affidavit dealing with, amongst other things, the order in which the petitioner had called his witnesses and the question whether Mr King and Mr Labalaba had been arrested for the offence for which the petitioner had been convicted.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053 \par }\pard \s1\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 14\tab}}\pard \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The order in which the defence witnesses testified is relevant by reason of a ground raised by the petitioner with which we deal below.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 In regard to whether Mr King and Mr Labalaba were arrested for the offence for which the petitioner had been convicted, Mr Qica said: \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\i\f40\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 "}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 To my recollection, Joseph King was questioned and released by the police for the same offence as the appellant.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 I cannot recall why Josateki Labalaba was arrested and the police released him after questioning.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 "}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 15\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The petitioner submitted to this Court that the affidavit of Mr Qica proved that Mr King and Mr Labalaba had, indeed, been arrested for the offence in question.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 He submitted that they were arrested because they had been identified as having been involved in the robbery.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 He put his case on the basis that the person who had identified them was Mr Mani, and not Mr Nizam.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 He argued that the affidavit of Mr Qica showed that Mr Mani had lied and that he was not a credible witness. \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 16\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 T}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5650578\charrsid15154168 hree}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 points must be made about these submissions. \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 17\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 Firstl}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 y, Mr Qica\rquote s affidavit is equivocal.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 When he says, }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 "}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 to my recollection \'85}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 "}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid11882782\charrsid15154168 , }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 it is not clear whether he is remembering the evidence that King and Labalaba gave at the trial, or whether he is testifying as to what actually occurred.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 If the latter, his evidence is hearsay.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Moreover, his affidavit does not reveal the source of his information. \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 18\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 There is nothing to establish that Mr Qica was present when Mr King and Mr Labalaba were arrested and it is probable that he was not.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 It is not possible to determine the reliability of his hearsay statement as to the arrest and release of Mr King and Mr Labalaba.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Thus, his affidavit does not satisfactorily establish that Mr King an}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid11344939\charrsid15154168 d Mr Labalaba had been arrested}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid267568\charrsid15154168 for the same offences,}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 as the petitioner contended.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 19\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Secondly, it seems that, before the Court of Appeal, the petitioner contended that Mr Nizam, and not Mr Mani, identified Mr King and Mr Labalaba.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 As we explain below, he based his argument that he had been prejudiced by the delay in the hearing of the trial on the fact that Mr Nizam had left Fiji and was not available to testify.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 It is not clear from the record whether, at trial, he contended that Mr Mani and the Indian man who had wrongly identified Mr King and Mr Labalaba were one and the same person, or whether his case w as that, while Mr Mani had identified him, Mr Nizam had identified Mr King and Mr Labalaba.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 It is, however, clear that, whatever the changes }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5650578\charrsid15154168 in the way }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 in which, over time, the petitioner has put his case in this respect, the issue of his identification was put in unequivocal and appropriate terms to the assessors. \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 20\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Thirdly, even were it the case that Mr King and Mr Labalaba were arrested, that would not falsify the evidence of Mr Mani, whose testimony was to the effect that he identified only one person and that was the petitioner.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 It may be that, contrary to the evidence of the investigating officer, Mr Nizam identified Mr King and Mr Labalaba, but that would not assist the petitioner in discrediting Mr Mani.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The petitioner, as mentioned, asserted before this Court that Mr Mani had identified Mr King and Mr Labalaba but there is no evidence that supports this submission. \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 21\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The petitioner was afforded a fair trial on the credibility issue and we are not persuaded that the trial court erred in regard to this issue.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Nor is there anything to suggest that the Court of Appeal erred in this connection.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Mr Qica\rquote s affidavit, for the reasons stated, is not helpful. There is nothing in the petitioner's challenge to the credibility finding that justifies special leave to appeal.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par }\pard \s1\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 22\tab}}\pard \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The next ground of appeal is that there was a substantial delay (18 months) between the time of the petitioner's committal and his trial.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The petitioner contended that this was in contravention of section 29(3) of the Constitution which provides: \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\i\f40\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548440\charrsid15154168 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Every person charged with an offence... has the right to have the case determined within a reasonable time. \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548440\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 23\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 We have mentioned that, at the time of the trial, Mr Nizam was not living in Fiji.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The petitioner argued that, but for the delay, Mr Nizam would have supported his argument that Mr King and Mr Labalaba had been identified as having participated in the robbery.} {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The Court of Appeal, however, correctly pointed out:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053 \par }\pard \s1\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168\charrsid15154168 \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\i\f40\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The question, however, for the assessors was not why [Nizam] had not picked out the appellant, but whether they were satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that the identification by Ashwin Mani and the police officer Maciu were [sic] correct.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 "}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7026844\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 24\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The Court of Appeal found that, in view of the clear directions given by the judge as to the relevance of Mr Nizam\rquote s absence from the trial and his apparent failure to identify the petitioner at the identity parade, the petitioner was not prejudiced by Mr Nizam\rquote s unavailability.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The Court of Appeal stated: \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\i\f40\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par }\pard \s18\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15154168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Although in total the lapse of time between t he appellant's first appearance and his trial was unsatisfactory and at least partly the result of dilatoriness in the Magistrates Court, we are not satisfied that it was so inordinate as to be unconstitutional.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 We note that part of the delay was caused by the appellant\rquote s own several failures to appear. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 25\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Apart from that part of the delay for which the petitioner himself was responsible, the principal reason for the overall delay was that, during 2002 to 2004, the High Court at Lautoka was faced with a large number of trials involving persons remanded in custody who were charged with serious offences.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Priority was given to disposal of those cases.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The petitioner was charged with a less serious offence and was remanded on bail; this caused much of the delay. \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 26\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The petitioner relied on }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Zimmerman and Steiner v Switzerland}{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 6 EHRR 17 where it was held that the European Convention places a duty on contracting parties, regardless of cost, }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 "}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 to organise their legal systems so as to allow the courts to comply with the requirements of Article 6 (1)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 "}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 . \par }\pard \s1\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 27\tab}}\pard \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The principle expressed in}{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Zimmerman and Steiner v Switzerland}{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 was based on a construction of the European Convention.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Fiji, of course, is not a party to that convention. The Fiji Constitution must be construed in the context of all the factors that make up the country and the Fijian nation.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Without being exhaustive, these include the history of Fiji, its geographic position, its size and resources, the fact that it is a developing country, and the makeup of its population.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Fi ji is not comparable to a Western European country such as Switzerland, and the Constitution is a very different instrument to the European Convention. While decisions construing the Convention may in some instances aid in construing the Constitution, the y can never do more than that.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 28\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Section 29(3) of the Constitution expressly imports the criterion of reasonableness.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Regard must be had, in construing the word }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 "}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 reasonableness}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 "}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 , to the resources available in this country to the administration of justice.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Otherwise, the consequences may }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid267568\charrsid15154168 be }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 chaotic and the harm to the general community incalculable.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid267568\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 29\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid267568\charrsid15154168 The delay in this case has not been shown to be unreasonable. }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The petitioner's ground of appeal ba}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid267568\charrsid15154168 sed on delay must therefore fail}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 . \par }\pard \s1\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 30\tab}}\pard \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The next ground on which th e petitioner relies is that one of the assessors, Manueli Turagaivelu, knew of the petit}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid11351174 i}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 oner\rquote s prior convictions and should have been }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid267568\charrsid15154168 stood aside}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 .}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 31\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Mr Turagaivelu greeted the petitioner outside the court before the trial started.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 When the assessors were sworn in, }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5650578\charrsid15154168 however, }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 the petitioner did not mention that he knew Mr Turagaivelu. \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 32\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The petitioner himself introduced evidence of his prior convictions.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 He did so in the course of telling the assessors that he was being victimised by the police.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 The Court of Appeal found that there was nothing to suggest that the petitioner\rquote s trial was in any way prejudiced by Mr Turagaivelu\rquote s acquaintanceship with him.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 There is no substance in this ground. \par }\pard \s1\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid10626533\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 33\tab}}\pard \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Finally, the petitioner asserted that the trial judge was biased.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 In this regard, he made two points.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Firstly, he asserted that the judge refused to allow him to call one Mrs Fong as an alibi witness because the judge had been friendly with Mrs Fong\rquote s late husband and had attended his funeral.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Secondly, the petitioner asser ted that his Lordship had falsified the record of the evidence in order to conceal the fact that, after refusing to allow Mrs Fong to be }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid267568\charrsid15154168 called the following day,}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 another}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid267568\charrsid15154168 alibi witness was called (the other alibi witness}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid11344939\charrsid15154168 ,}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid267568\charrsid15154168 in fact, was called on the day tha t the petitioner r}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid11344939\charrsid15154168 equested leave to call Mrs Fong}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid267568\charrsid15154168 )}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid11344939\charrsid15154168 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par }\pard \s1\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 34\tab}}\pard \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 When the petitioner asked the judge to disqualify himself on the grounds stated, his Lordship stated that he had been to the funeral of Mrs Fong's husband but said that that was not a ground for him to disqualify himself.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5650578\charrsid15154168 The Court of Appeal came to the same conclusion.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 We are not persuaded that the}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5650578\charrsid15154168 trial}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 judge }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5650578\charrsid15154168 and the Court of Appeal were }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 wrong in this regard.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par }\pard \s1\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 35\tab}}\pard \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 In regard to the petitioner's allegation that the judge falsified the record, the petitioner relied on the affidavit of Mr Qica.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 In his affidavit, Mr Qica set out the order of the witnesses called by the petitioner.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 This order differed from the order that appears in the record.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 36\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Mr Qica\rquote s recollection in this respect, however, does not appear to be reliable.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 This is apparent from Mr Qica\rquote s contemporaneous notes of the evidence given in the course of the petitioner's case, made at the trial,}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 A copy of these notes was part of his affidavit. The order of witnesses disclosed by his notes differs from the order to which he testified in his affidavit. \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 37\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 All in all, no foundation has been established for the allegation of bias on the part of the judge. }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5650578\charrsid15154168 This was the conclusion of the Court of Appeal, and we agree. }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 This ground has no prospect of success.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15154168 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid11351174 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 38\tab}}\pard\plain \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15154168 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 { \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid15160053\charrsid15154168 Accordingly, the application for special leave to appeal is dismissed. \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 \b\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548440\charrsid11351174 \par }\pard \s16\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11351174 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548440\charrsid15154168 Hon Justice Robert French \par }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548440\charrsid15154168 President of the Supreme Court \par \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548440\charrsid15154168 Hon Justice Kenneth Handley \par }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548440\charrsid15154168 Judge of the Supreme Court \par \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548440\charrsid15154168 Hon Justice David Andrew Ipp \par Judge of the Supreme Court \par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154168 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548440\charrsid15154168 \par }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2052829\charrsid15154168 Solicitors: \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548440\charrsid15154168 \par Petitioner in Person \par Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions, Suva for the Respondent \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11351174 \par }\pard \s16\qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11351174 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548440\charrsid15154168 CAV0001U.06S \par }}