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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s16\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 
\f40\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15877856\charrsid4198527 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF the FIJI ISLANDS
\par AT SUVA
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15877856\charrsid4198527 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1912178\charrsid4198527 CRIMINAL}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4198527\charrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15877856\charrsid4198527 APPEAL}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4198527\charrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15877856\charrsid4198527 NO. }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1912178\charrsid4198527 CAV0008 OF 2005S}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15877856\charrsid4198527 
\par (Fiji Court of Appeal No. AAU00}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1912178\charrsid4198527 26 OF 2003}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15877856\charrsid4198527 S)
\par 
\par BETWEEN:
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4198527\charrsid4198527 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1912178\charrsid4198527 ALBERTINO SHANKAR AND}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15877856\charrsid4198527 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1912178\charrsid4198527 FRANCIS NARAYAN
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15877856\charrsid4198527 Petitioner}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1912178\charrsid4198527 s}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15877856\charrsid4198527 
\par 
\par AND:
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4198527\charrsid4198527 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15877856\charrsid4198527 THE STATE
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15877856\charrsid4198527 Respondent
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15877856\charrsid4198527 
\par Coram:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4198527\charrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15877856\charrsid4198527 The Hon Justice Robert French, Judge of the Supreme Court
\par The Hon Justice Kenneth Handley, Judge of the Supreme Court
\par The Hon Justice David Andrew Ipp, Judge of the Supreme Court
\par 
\par Hearing:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4198527\charrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13780960\charrsid4198527 Wednes}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1912178\charrsid4198527 day, 11}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15877856\charrsid4198527 th October 2006, Suva
\par 
\par Counsel:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4198527\charrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11491143\charrsid4198527 A K Singh}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15877856\charrsid4198527  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11491143\charrsid4198527 for the Petitioners}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15877856\charrsid4198527 
\par R Gibson for the Respondent
\par 
\par Date of}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4198527\charrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15877856\charrsid4198527 Judgment:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4198527\charrsid4198527  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1912178\charrsid4198527 Thursday}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15877856\charrsid4198527 , 1}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7813551\charrsid4198527 9th}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15877856\charrsid4198527  October 2006, Suva
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4198527\charrsid4198527 
\par }\pard \s16\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15877856\charrsid4198527 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1\tab}}\pard\plain 
\s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527 The Court:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  On 11 October 2006 this Court dismissed the petitioners\rquote 
 applications for special leave to appeal and stated that it would deliver reasons for its decision at a later date.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527 
These are those}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid12216424\charrsid4198527  reasons.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f40\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2\tab}}\pard\plain 
\s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 The two petitioners were convicted of murder on 22 May 2003 i}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid2956394\charrsid4198527 n the High Court before Gates J}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  and three assessors.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
They were sentenced to life imprisonment with a recommendation that they serve a minimum term of 17 years imprisonment.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927 
\par }\pard \s1\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3\tab}}\pard \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 Both petitioners appealed to the Court of Appeal (constituted by Ward P, Smellie and Penlington JJA) against their conviction.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 Their appeals were dismissed.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f40\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4\tab}}\pard\plain 
\s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 The petition raised five grounds of appeal, namely: 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f40\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \fi-720\li2155\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2155\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 (a)\tab The trial was a nulli
ty as there was a defect in the appointment of the assessors.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2956394\charrsid4198527 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \fi-720\li2155\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2155\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 (b)\tab The petitioner, wrongly, was not allowed counsel of his choice.

\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \fi715\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 (c)\tab Confessional material was wrongly admitted into evidence.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \fi715\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 (d)\tab The trial judge erred in his direction regarding lies.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \fi-720\li2155\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2155\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 (e)\tab 
The trial judge did not put the case of the defence properly and sufficiently.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5\tab}}\pard\plain 
\s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 Before the Court of Appeal, counsel for the petitioners (Mr A K Singh)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 contended that the assessors had not been appointed strictly in accordance with section 264 of the }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
Criminal Procedure Code}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 . He submitted that their appointment was defective because the list of assessors was not published in the Gazette as required by s 264.
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f40\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6\tab}}\pard\plain 
\s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 This was the first time this contention had been advanced on the petitioners\rquote  behalf. Mr Singh explained to the Court that no challenge was raised at the time of the }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid12201781\charrsid4198527 trial }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 because the parties were}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid12201781\charrsid4198527  ignorant of the alleged defects}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f40\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7\tab}}\pard\plain 
\s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 The Court of Appeal commented in regard to this submission:
\par }\pard \s1\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4198527 \b\i\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
Whilst the first ground of appeal asserts that there had been a failure to }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216424\charrsid4198527 gazette}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 a list, no application has been made to adduce evidence of that fact or to obtain an admission from the respondent that it was, in fact, the case.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 That should exclude the court from considering the point but we note that the responden
t does not take issue with that assertion and seeks to defend the position on grounds which must proceed on the basis that they were not properly appointed.
\par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 8\tab}}\pard\plain 
\s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 The Court of Appeal observed that, even if there had been some defect in the initial appointment o
f the assessors, once they had assumed the position of assessors and been sworn in properly, they were, in the absence of challenge during their tenure, }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 de facto}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  holders of that position and their subsequent performance of their duties was valid.
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f40\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 9\tab}}\pard\plain 
\s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 The Court of Appeal proceeded to hold that this ground failed }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527 "}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 because there really is no evidence to support counsel\rquote s contention that the proper procedures had not been followed}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527 "}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 The Court went on to state: }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527 "}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
Had it been proved that the appointments were in breach of the statutory procedures under the Act, we would have dismissed the appeal on the basis [that the appointment of the assessors was }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 de facto}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  valid]}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527 "}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 .
\par }\pard \s1\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 10\tab}}\pard \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 The Court of Appeal\rquote s finding that there was no evidence that the proper procedures had not been followed is unassailable. This is sufficient to dispose of this ground.

\par }\pard \s1\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 11\tab}}\pard \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527 We}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  shall, nevertheless, }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid12201781\charrsid4198527 
deal with }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 the argument that, by reason of the defect alleged to exist in the appointment of the assessors, the conviction was invalid.
\par }\pard \s1\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 12\tab}}\pard \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 Section 265 of the Code provides that a }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527 "}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
competent knowledge of the English language}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527 "}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  is a necessary condition of liability to serve as an assessor.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 It is to be inferred from s 264 as a whole that }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid12201781\charrsid4198527 a}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527 principal }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 purpose of compiling a list of assessors in accordance with that section is to ensure that the s 265 requirement }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527 that assessors be competent}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  in English is complied with.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f40\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 13\tab}}\pard\plain 
\s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 There was no suggestion that }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid12201781\charrsid4198527 the}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  assessor}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid12201781\charrsid4198527 s}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
 did not have a competen}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid12216424\charrsid4198527 t knowledge of}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid12216424\charrsid4198527 English}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 Had it been established that any person purporting to act as an assessor was not competent in English, the }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 de facto}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  doctrine relating to the validity of a public officer would not operate.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 The task of the court in this context is }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527 "}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 to determine the meaning of the legislation and to ensure that the legislative purpose is fulfilled}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527 "}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 : }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 G J Coles & Co Ltd v Retail Trade Industrial Tribunal}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  (1986) 7 NSWLR 503 at 549 per Kirby P and Hope JA. The intention of the legislature as reflected in ss 264 and 265 is plain in this respect.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 Lack of the requisite knowledge of English would be so fundamental a defect that it could not be cured}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527 : }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid12216424\charrsid4198527 R}{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527 
as Behari Lal v. King \endash  Emperor}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527  (19}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid3945449\charrsid4198527 33}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527 ) LR 60 Ind App 354; }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527 Hemap}{
\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid12216424\charrsid4198527 a}{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527 la v. The Queen}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid12216424\charrsid4198527  [1963}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527 ] AC 859.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par }\pard \s1\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 14\tab}}\pard \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 The }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 de facto}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
 doctrine relating to the validity of a public officer holds that the }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527 "}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 acts of a }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 de facto}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  publ
ic officer done in apparent execution of his office cannot be challenged on the ground that he has no title to the office}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527 "}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 : McHugh JA in }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 G J Coles & Co Ltd v Retail Trade Industrial Tribunal}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  at 525, adopted by Gleeson C J, Gaudron, McHugh and Gummow JJ in }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 Casse}{
\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid12216424\charrsid4198527 l}{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 l v The Queen}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid12216424\charrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid12216424\charrsid4198527 (200)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid12216424\charrsid4198527 201}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  CLR 189.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f40\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 15\tab}}\pard\plain 
\s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 This common law doctrine was described by Bray CJ in }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 The Queen v Cawthorne}{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid12216424\charrsid4198527 [}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
1977] 17 SASR 321 at 329 as }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527 "}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 venerable}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527 "}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 In }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 Cawthorne}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 , Bray CJ accepted as correct the statement of the doctrine made by Butler CJ of the S
upreme Court of Connecticut in }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 State v Carroll}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  (1871) 9 Am Rep 409 at 427}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527 -}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 428. Bray CJ pointed out at 332 that Butler CJ\rquote 
s statement had been approved by the Supreme Court of the United States in }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 Norton's case}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
 (1886) 118 US 425, by Richmond J in the Court of Appeal of New Zealand in }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 Re Aldridge}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
 (1893) 15 NZLR 361 at 376 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527 -}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  377, and by Simon P in }{
\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 Adams v Adams}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527  (1971) P 188 at 213 \endash  214}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid12216424\charrsid4198527 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid12201781\charrsid4198527 McHugh JA }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527 also}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid12216424\charrsid4198527  cited}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid12201781\charrsid4198527 it with approval in }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid12201781\charrsid4198527 GJ Coles }{
\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid12216424\charrsid4198527 &}{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid12201781\charrsid4198527  Co L}{
\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527 td v. Retail Trade Industrial T}{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid7813551\charrsid4198527 r}{
\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid12201781\charrsid4198527 ibunal}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid12201781\charrsid4198527  at 526.
\par }\pard \s1\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid12201781\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 16\tab}}\pard \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 Butler CJ\rquote s statement commenced:
\par }\pard \s1\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4198527 \b\i\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4198527 "}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 A definition sufficiently accurate and comprehensive to cover the whole ground must, I think, be substantially as follows: an officer}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 de}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 facto}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538784\charrsid4198527 i}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 s one}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 whose acts, though not those of a lawful }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538784\charrsid4198527 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 officer, the law, upon principles of policy and j
ustice, will hold valid so far as they involve the interests of the public and third persons, where the duties of the office were exercised}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4198527 "}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f40\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par }\pard\plain \s1\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 Butler CJ went on to list a number of sets of circumstances in which the }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 de facto}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  officer doctrine may operate. 
One of those sets of circumstances is where there is some defect or irregularity in the exercise of the power to appoint an officer (as is alleged in regard to the appointment of the assessors in this case).
\par }\pard \s1\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 17\tab}}\pard \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 {
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 Re Aldridge}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  is an example of the operation of the doctrine.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
In this case, the New Zealand Court of Appeal upheld the validity of a conviction and sentence imposed by a barrister after the Privy Council held that he had been invalidly appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court of New Zealand.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f40\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 18\tab}}\pard\plain 
\s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 In }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 Ellis v Bourke}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
 (1889) 15 VLR 163 the Full Court of Victoria applied the doctrine where, under the relevant legislation, the constituent members of the Licensing Court were a County Court judge and two police magistrates.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 It was argued that two members of the Court had not been reappointed as police magistrates.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 As McHugh JA observed in }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
G J Coles & Co Ltd v Retail Trade}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 Industrial Tribunal}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  at 526, the decision in }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 Ellis v Bourke}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527 "}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 makes it plain that the }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 de facto}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  officer rule applies to the acts of a multi}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527 -}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 membered court as well as to the acts of an individual judicial or public officer}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527 "}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f40\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 19\tab}}\pard\plain 
\s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 In the circumstances of this case, the Court of Appeal correctly held that, even if the appointment of the assessors was not gazetted as required by s 264 of the Code, their appoi
ntment was }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 de facto}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  valid.
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f40\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 20\tab}}\pard\plain 
\s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 The second ground of appeal was that the petitioner was wrongly prevented from }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8393388\charrsid4198527 appointing his }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 counsel of choice.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
This ground was based on s 28(1)(d) of the Fiji Constitution}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8393388\charrsid4198527  which }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 provides:
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f40\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4198527 \b\i\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 28(1)\tab 
Every person charged with an offence has the right:
\par ...
\par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14290516\charrsid4198527 
\par }\pard \s18\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538784\charrsid4198527 (d)\tab }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
to defend himself or herself in person or to be represented, at his or her own expense, by a legal practitioner of his or her choice or, if the interests of justice so require, to be given the services of a legal practitioner under a scheme for legal aid.
}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538784\charrsid4198527 
\par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538784\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 21\tab}}\pard\plain 
\s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 At some time prior to 20 May 2003, the first petitioner\rquote 
s family asked Mr Singh (who was then in Australia) to represent the first petitioner at the trial. Mr Singh was told that the case was due to start on 20 May 2003.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 Mr S
ingh responded that he would accept the instructions but only if the hearing was adjourned to some time after the weekend following 20 May 2003. It was only then that he would be available. On 20 May 2003 the first petitioner asked to have the trial adjou
rned so that Mr Singh could represent him. The court, on that date, adjourned the hearing to 22 May 2003.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
Mr Singh was not available on that date and the trial proceeded with }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8393388\charrsid4198527 both }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
the petitioners being represented by legal aid counsel who had previously been appointed to act on their behalf.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
The petitioners did not complain about or withdraw the instructions they had previously given to legal aid counsel.
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f40\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 22\tab}}\pard\plain 
\s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 In adjourning the trial until 22 May 2003, the trial judge applied the criterion of reasonableness.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 The Court of Appeal adopted the same approach. Mr Singh rightly accepted that the right to counsel under section 28(1)(d) of the Constitution is subject to that criterion.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 To construe s 28(1)(d) as conferring an absolute right to counsel of choice would serio
usly impede the administration of justice.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 Such a construction would, practically, be unworkable.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
It is implicit in the section that the right to counsel conferred thereby is qualified by considerations of reasonableness.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527 The Constitutional right is one which must be exercised at the proper time.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527 It cannot be exercised on the eve of the trial to force an adjournment.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par }\pard \s1\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 23\tab}}\pard \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 The argument of Mr Singh comes down to the proposition that, reasonably, the trial should not have been adjourned from 20 May to 22 May 2003,
 but should have been adjourned to a later date.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 This issue is not one that justifies the grant of special leave.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 The second ground of appeal }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8393388\charrsid4198527 could}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  not be upheld.
\par }\pard \s1\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 24\tab}}\pard \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 The third ground of appeal was based on s 27(1)(c) of the Constitution which provides that every person who is arrested or detained has the right:
\par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 \b\i\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b0\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538784\charrsid4198527 
\par }\pard \s18\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
To consult with a legal practitioner of his or her choice in private in the place where he or she is detained, to be informed of that right promptly and, if he or she does not have sufficient means to engage a legal practitioner and the interests of }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8393388\charrsid4198527 j}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
ustice require legal representation to be available, to be given the services of a legal practitioner under a scheme for legal aid.
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f40\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 25\tab}}\pard\plain 
\s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 Mr Singh submitted that the first petitioner had not been informed, promptly, of his right to consult with a legal practitioner.
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f40\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 26\tab}}\pard\plain 
\s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 The first petitioner was arrested at some}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527  ti}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 me after 7 a.m. on 31 March 2001.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
At 9:15 a.m. that day he was informed of his right to consult a solicitor of his choice.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
At the time the first petitioner was so informed, he had not yet made a statement and nothing he said before that time was tendered in evidence.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 Mr Singh submitted, nevertheless, that the failure to inform the first petitioner of his right to counsel immediately upon his arrest constituted a breach of the Constitution}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8393388\charrsid4198527 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8393388\charrsid4198527 He submitted that }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527 that }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 breach resulted in the statement}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8393388\charrsid4198527  the first petitioner }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 made after he was informed of that right being inadmissible.
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f40\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 27\tab}}\pard\plain 
\s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 The purpose of s 27(1)(c) is to require persons, who are arrested or detained, to b
e informed of their right to consult with legal practitioners of their choice before they make any relevant statement concerning the offence for which they have been arrested or detained.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 In }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527 our}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
 opinion, there would be compliance with s 27(1)(c) were an arrested or detained person to be informed of his or her right to consult with a legal practitioner within a reasonable time}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8393388\charrsid4198527 ,}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  provided that the person is so informed before}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527  making any such a statement.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527 We}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  come to this conclusion by reference to the purpose (as }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527 we}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527  have described it) }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8393388\charrsid4198527 and language of }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 the section.
\par }\pard \s1\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 28\tab}}\pard \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
The first petitioner was informed of his right to consult his legal practitioner within a reasonable time after his arrest and before making any statement concerning the offence for which he was arrested.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 In the circumstances, there was no breach of s 27(1)(c).
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f40\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 29\tab}}\pard\plain 
\s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f1\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 Mr Singh rightly conceded that the ground concerning the trial judge's direction as to lies was not a ground that could justify special leave to appeal.
\par }\pard \s1\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 30\tab}}\pard \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 The remaining ground was that the trial judge failed to put the petitioner's case properly and sufficiently to the assessors.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 Despite Mr Singh\rquote s detailed written submissions in support of this ground, }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527 we are}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid7538784\charrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
not persuaded that it is an appropriate ground for leave.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid4198527  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 Indeed, }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid8725103\charrsid4198527 we are }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 not persuaded that there was any error in this respect on the part of the trial judge.
\par }\pard \s1\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid13925700\charrsid4198527 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s1 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13925700\charrsid4198527 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 31\tab}}\pard \s1\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4198527 {
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\kerning0\langnp2057\insrsid13925700\charrsid4198527 Accordingly, we came to the conclusion that the application for special leave to appeal should be dismissed.
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 \f40\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par }\pard\plain \s18\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 \b\i\f39\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13925700\charrsid4198527 Hon Justice Robert French}{
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075927\charrsid4198527 
\par }{\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13925700\charrsid4198527 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13925700\charrsid4198527 
\par }\pard \s18\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13925700\charrsid4198527 Hon Justice Kenneth Handley
\par }{\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13925700\charrsid4198527 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par 
\par }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13925700\charrsid4198527 Hon Justice David Andre}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14290516\charrsid4198527 w}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13925700\charrsid4198527  Ipp
\par }{\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13925700\charrsid4198527 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13139135\charrsid4198527 
\par }{\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13925700\charrsid4198527 Solicitors:
\par }{\b0\i0\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13925700\charrsid4198527 
\par }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13925700\charrsid4198527 A K Singh Law, Nausori for the Petitioner}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11491143\charrsid4198527 s}{
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14290516\charrsid4198527 
\par }{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13925700\charrsid4198527 Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions, Suva for the Respondent
\par }\pard \s18\qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4198527 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13139135\charrsid4198527 CAV0008U.05S
\par }}