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\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid5986606\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid4792343\charrsid5986606 AND:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid5986606\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\insrsid4792343\charrsid5986606 ROBERT ARTHUR STUCHBERY
\par }{\insrsid4792343\charrsid5986606 Respondent
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid4792343\charrsid5986606 
\par Coram:}{\insrsid5986606\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid4792343\charrsid5986606 The Hon Justice Daniel Fatiaki, President of }{\insrsid2164812\charrsid5986606 the }{\insrsid4792343\charrsid5986606 Supreme Court
\par The Hon Justice Kenneth Handley, Judge of }{\insrsid2164812\charrsid5986606 the }{\insrsid4792343\charrsid5986606 Supreme Court
\par }{\insrsid8401300\charrsid5986606 The Hon Justice}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid8401300\charrsid5986606 Michael Scott, Judge of }{\insrsid2164812\charrsid5986606 the }{\insrsid8401300\charrsid5986606 Supreme Court
\par }{\insrsid4792343\charrsid5986606 
\par Hearing:}{\insrsid5986606\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid4792343\charrsid5986606 Wednesday, 19 October 2005, Suva
\par 
\par Counsel:}{\insrsid5986606\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid9112735\charrsid5986606 Mr}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid9112735\charrsid5986606 D.F. Jackson, QC \tab ]
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid9112735\charrsid5986606 Ms}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid9112735\charrsid5986606 J.A. Steele\tab \tab }{\insrsid5986606 \tab }{\insrsid2373816 ]
\tab }{\insrsid9112735\charrsid5986606 for the Petitioners
\par Mr}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid9112735\charrsid5986606 B.C. Patel\tab \tab }{\insrsid5986606 \tab }{\insrsid9112735\charrsid5986606 ]
\par Mr}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid2164812\charrsid5986606 M.}{\insrsid9112735\charrsid5986606  Daubney, SC}{\insrsid2164812\charrsid5986606 \tab }{\insrsid9112735\charrsid5986606 \tab ]
\par Ms}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid9112735\charrsid5986606 S}{\insrsid2164812\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid9112735\charrsid5986606 Sorby\tab }{\insrsid2164812\charrsid5986606 \tab }{\insrsid9112735\charrsid5986606 \tab ]\tab 
for the Respondent
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid9112735\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid4792343\charrsid5986606 Date of}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid4792343\charrsid5986606 Judgment}{\insrsid2164812\charrsid5986606 :\tab }{\insrsid11611266\charrsid5986606 Wednesday, 15 February 2006, Suva}{\insrsid4792343\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2373816 {\insrsid9446625 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2373816 {\b\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 SUMMARY
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2373816 {\b\ul\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-2880\li2880\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid2373816 {\b\ul\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 INSURANCE}{\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222  \tab -\tab All Risks Policy \endash 
 Exclusion for Loss or Damage}{\insrsid2373816 
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li2880\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid2373816 {\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 Directly or Indirectly caused by Insurrection}{\insrsid2373816 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2373816 {\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 INSURANCE}{\b\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 \tab }{\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 \tab }{\insrsid2373816 \tab }{\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 -\tab Insurance Law Reform Act 1996, Section 25}{\insrsid2373816 

\par }{\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 SUPREME COURT}{\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 \tab \tab -\tab Requirements for Special Leave
\par 
\par The petitioners owned the property at the corner of Usher and Thompson Streets Suva and conducted business there.}{\insrsid4008913  }{\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 They were insured by Lloyds under an all risks policy which was in force on 19 May 2000.}
{\insrsid4008913  }{\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 At 10.45 that day Mr George Speight and several armed confederates staged a coup at Parliament House and took the Prime Minister, other Ministers and Government Members as hostages.}{\insrsid4008913  }{
\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 At 12.49 a riot broke out at the petitioners\rquote  store in Suva during which it was damaged and looted.
\par 
\par The petitioners claimed for their loss and damage under the policy, but the insurers denied liability relying on a clause which excluded their liability for \'93loss or damage directly or indirectly caused by or resulting from\'85 insurrection.\'94
\par 
\par The petitioners sued a representative insurer in the High Court and on 19 May 2004 Pathik J. gave judgment in their favour for damages to be assessed.}{\insrsid4008913  }{\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 
The insurers appealed and on 8 March 2005 the Court of Appeal (Ward P, Tompkins and Smellie JJA) allowed the appeal and entered judgment for the defendant.}{\insrsid4008913  }{\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 
The petitioners applied for special leave to appeal to the Supreme Court.
\par 
\par The issues in the Supreme Court were whether special leave should be granted, whether the events at Parliament House on 19 May 2000 before the riot broke out at the petitioners\rquote 
 store constituted an insurrection, if so whether the loss or damage which occurred 3 kms away and 2 hours later at the petitioners\rquote  store was \'93directly or indirectly caused by or resulting from \'93
 the insurrection, and if so whether s.25 of the Insurance Law Reform Act 1996 applied to override the exclusion clause in the policy.
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-2160\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1418\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid4008913 {\b\ul\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 Held:}{\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 \tab (1)\tab The issues raised}{\insrsid4008913  }{
\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 by the petitioners\rquote  warranted the grant of special leave.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2373816 {\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid2373816 {\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 (2)\tab The events at Parliament}{\insrsid4008913  House at 10.45 on 19 May 2000 c}{
\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 onstituted an insurrection within the meaning of the policy.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2373816 {\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid2373816 {\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 (3)\tab 
The circumstantial evidence supported the finding of the Court of Appeal that the Speight Coup was an indirect cause of the loss or damage.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2373816 {\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid2373816 {\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 (4)\tab The Taukei march that day had been peaceful and it was not a cause of the riot.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2373816 {\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid2373816 {\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 (5)\tab 
The proper inference was not that the coup and the riot were a coincidence, but that the one was a cause of the other.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2373816 {\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid2373816 {\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 (6)\tab The petitioners could not discharge their onus under s.25 of the Insurance Law Reform Act 19
96 of proving that their loss and damage was not caused or contributed to by the insurrection.}{\insrsid4008913  }{\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 Special leave was granted but the appeal was dismissed.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2373816 {\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2373816 {\insrsid2373816\charrsid3417222 ***********************
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid2373816\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\insrsid4792343\charrsid5986606 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid4792343\charrsid5986606 [1]\tab At 10.45 on 19 May 2000 Mr George Speight and several armed }{\insrsid9113498\charrsid5986606 confe}{
\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 derates }{\insrsid7607439\charrsid5986606 seized}{\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606  the Parliament and took the Prime Min}{\insrsid7607439\charrsid5986606 ister and other members of the G}{\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 
overnment hostage.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 A breakdown of law and order in Suva followed and at 12.49 a riot began at the petitioners}{\insrsid15095139\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\insrsid9446625\charrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 shop in the }{\insrsid10307263\charrsid5986606 C}{\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 entral }{\insrsid10307263\charrsid5986606 Business D}{\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 istrict of Suva }{\insrsid8401300\charrsid5986606 
which a mob looted and damaged}{\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 The petitioners who were insured under}{\insrsid7607439\charrsid5986606  a}{\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606  Lloyds}{
\insrsid7607439\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606  polic}{\insrsid7607439\charrsid5986606 y claimed for their losses but the under}{\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 writers declined indemnity on the ground that the damage }{
\insrsid8401300\charrsid5986606 was caused by}{\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606  excluded }{\insrsid8401300\charrsid5986606 events}{\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 
The petitioners sued a representative underwriter}{\insrsid2164812\charrsid5986606  claiming a loss of $F3,517,615}{\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606  and the trial took place before Pathik J. in the High Court.}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 He held that the }{\insrsid7607439\charrsid5986606 exc}{\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 lusions did not apply, and en}{\insrsid7607439\charrsid5986606 tered}{\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 
 judgment for the petitioners for damages to be assessed.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid7607439\charrsid5986606 An a}{\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 ppeal to the Court of Appeal was allowed and judgment was en}{\insrsid7607439\charrsid5986606 tered }{
\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 for}{\insrsid7607439\charrsid5986606  the defendant.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid7607439\charrsid5986606 The petitioner}{\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 s}{\insrsid15095139\charrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 now seek special}{\insrsid5986606  leave to appeal to this Court.}{\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid7607439\charrsid5986606 Special Leave
\par }{\ul\insrsid7607439\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 [2]\tab }{\insrsid7607439\charrsid5986606 A}{\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 ppeal}{\insrsid7607439\charrsid5986606 s}{\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 
 to this Court in civil matters are governed by s.122 of the Constitution and s.7(3) of the Supreme Court Act}{\insrsid9446625\charrsid5986606  (14 of 1998)}{\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 
Section 7(3) provides}{\insrsid7607439\charrsid5986606  that this Court}{\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 :}{\insrsid4657884 
\par }{\insrsid14748270\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14748270 {\b\i\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 \'93\'85.must not grant special leave to appeal unless the case raises \endash 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid4657884\charrsid14748270 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2880\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid14748270 {\b\i\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 (a)\tab a far - reaching}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 question of law;}{
\b\i\insrsid4792343 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14748270 {\b\i\insrsid14748270\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14748270 {\b\i\insrsid4657884\charrsid5986606 (b)\tab a matter of great}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606 general}{
\b\i\insrsid7607439\charrsid5986606  or}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606 public importan}{\b\i\insrsid7607439\charrsid5986606 ce;}{\b\i\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14748270 {\b\i\insrsid14748270 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2880\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid14748270 {\b\i\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606 (c)\tab a matter that is otherwise of substantial general interest}{\b\i\insrsid7607439\charrsid5986606  }{
\b\i\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606 to the administration of civil justice.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606 [3]\tab The respondent objected to the grant of special leave and }{\insrsid7607439\charrsid5986606 submitted}{
\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606 that the pre-conditions in s.7(3) are not satisfied. Mr Daubney S.C., in his written submissions, argued that in substance the proposed appeal }{\insrsid2164812\charrsid5986606 only }{
\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606 challenged the inference of fact drawn by the C}{\insrsid7607439\charrsid5986606 ourt of Appeal that the }{\insrsid8401300\charrsid5986606 petitioners\rquote }{\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606  loss or damage was caused }{
\b\i\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606 \'93indirectly\'94}{\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606  or resulted }{\b\i\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606 \'94indirectly\'94}{\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606  from the Speight coup which was correctly characterised as an }{
\b\i\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606 \'93insurrection\'94}{\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606  within the meaning of }{\insrsid7607439\charrsid5986606 exc}{\insrsid4008913 lusion 1(a) of the policy.}{\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 
\par 
\par [4]\tab }{\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606 The primary }{\insrsid7607439\charrsid5986606 facts, }{\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606 as agreed or as found by the trial Judge}{\insrsid2164812\charrsid5986606 ,}{\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606  were not }{
\insrsid2164812\charrsid5986606 disturbed by }{\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606 the Court of Appeal}{\insrsid2164812\charrsid5986606 ,}{\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606  but their Lordships drew the inference that the coup was }{\insrsid7607439\charrsid5986606 
an }{\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606 indirect cause of the petitioners}{\insrsid7607439\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606  loss or damage.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606 It was submitted that special leave was }{
\insrsid2164812\charrsid5986606 really }{\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606 being sought }{\insrsid2164812\charrsid5986606 just to }{\insrsid7607439\charrsid5986606 challeng}{\insrsid2164812\charrsid5986606 e}{\insrsid7607439\charrsid5986606  that inference}{
\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606 . 
\par }{\insrsid16205943\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606 [}{\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 5}{\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606 ]\tab }{\insrsid5598649\charrsid5986606 There is force }{\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606 in the respondent\rquote s argument on this point}{
\insrsid5598649\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid2164812\charrsid5986606 However}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid5598649\charrsid5986606 the present claims are}{\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606  very large }{\insrsid5598649\charrsid5986606 and this}{
\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606  attracts a measure of public importance.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606 They concern what }{\insrsid11033512\charrsid5986606 we infer }{\insrsid10247121\charrsid5986606 was}{\insrsid11033512\charrsid5986606 
 a standard form, or one }{\insrsid10247121\charrsid5986606 of the standard forms, of Lloyd}{\insrsid11033512\charrsid5986606 s}{\insrsid10247121\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\insrsid11033512\charrsid5986606  policies available at the top }{
\insrsid8401300\charrsid5986606 e}{\insrsid10247121\charrsid5986606 nd}{\insrsid11033512\charrsid5986606  of the insurance market in Fiji, which are }{\insrsid10247121\charrsid5986606 probably }{\insrsid11033512\charrsid5986606 still in use.}{
\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid2164812\charrsid5986606 We were also informed that there are five actions pending in the High Court at Lautoka and one in the High Court at Suva against different insure}{\insrsid8327352\charrsid5986606 r}{
\insrsid5592690\charrsid5986606 s}{\insrsid2164812\charrsid5986606  which raise the }{\insrsid16205943\charrsid5986606 \lquote }{\b\i\insrsid2164812\charrsid5986606 insurrection}{\b\i\insrsid16205943\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{
\insrsid8327352\charrsid5986606  issue.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid8327352\charrsid5986606 This}{\insrsid2164812\charrsid5986606  certainly suggests that the present case }{\insrsid15663604\charrsid5986606 involves}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid15663604\charrsid5986606 questions of public importance.}{\insrsid11033512\charrsid5986606 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 [6}{\insrsid11033512\charrsid5986606 ]\tab Hopefully the events which occurred in Suva on}{\insrsid9325434\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid11033512\charrsid5986606 19 May 2000 and the days}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid11033512\charrsid5986606 that followed will never be repeated but owners}{\insrsid7733\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15663604\charrsid5986606 of }{\insrsid11033512\charrsid5986606 substantial properties and businesses in Suva and elsewhere }{
\insrsid15663604\charrsid5986606 are likely to want}{\insrsid4136501\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid11033512\charrsid5986606 insurance cover against }{\insrsid8401300\charrsid5986606 risks}{\insrsid4136501\charrsid5986606  arising from similar events,}{
\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606  assuming }{\insrsid15663604\charrsid5986606 it}{\insrsid8401300\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 is available }{\insrsid4136501\charrsid5986606 at a}{\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 
 price they are willing }{\insrsid4136501\charrsid5986606 and a}{\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 ble to pay.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 
In our judgment it is a matter of great general and public importance that the scope of this form}{\insrsid4136501\charrsid5986606  of}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 policy}{\insrsid15663604\charrsid5986606 ,}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 in r}{\insrsid4136501\charrsid5986606 elation to events such as these}{\insrsid15663604\charrsid5986606 ,}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 should be 
finally settled for Fiji, so that the market can be fully informed.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 It would be most unfortunate if the Court were to refuse special leave and then decide, perhaps }{\insrsid4136501\charrsid5986606 years
}{\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606  later, that the decision of the}{\insrsid4136501\charrsid5986606  Court of Appeal should be over}{\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 ruled.}{\insrsid4792343\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 [7}{\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 ]\tab While the proposed appeal does invite this Court to review the inference }{\insrsid4136501\charrsid5986606 of }{\insrsid8401300\charrsid5986606 an}{
\insrsid4136501\charrsid5986606  indirect causal link }{\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 drawn by the Court of Appeal, }{\insrsid15663604\charrsid5986606 it}{\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 
 will also involve the construction of the policy, particularly the meaning of }{\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 \lquote }{\b\i\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 insurrection}{\b\i\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\insrsid861231\charrsid5986606 ,}{
\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606  and the effect }{\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606 of }{\insrsid861231\charrsid5986606 cover being }{\insrsid15663604\charrsid5986606 withheld}{\insrsid861231\charrsid5986606  for}{\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 
 the indirect, as well as the direct, results}{\insrsid4136501\charrsid5986606  of}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid4136501\charrsid5986606 excluded events}{\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 The}{
\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 requirements}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 for}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 special}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 leave}{\insrsid5986606 
 }{\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 discussed in }{\b\i\ul\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 Penioni Bulu}{\ul\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606  }{\b\i\ul\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 v. }{\b\i\ul\insrsid15663604\charrsid5986606 T}{
\b\i\ul\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 he Housing Author}{\b\i\ul\insrsid15663604\charrsid5986606 it}{\b\i\ul\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 y}{\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606  (}{\insrsid3760833\charrsid5986606 S}{\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 upre}{
\insrsid3760833\charrsid5986606 m}{\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 e Court Civil Appeal }{\insrsid3760833\charrsid5986606 No. CBV}{\insrsid4477157\charrsid5986606 0011 of 2004}{\insrsid3760833\charrsid5986606 )}{\insrsid4136501\charrsid5986606 
 are therefore satisfied, and special leave will be granted.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid14754767\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\ul\insrsid16205943\charrsid14748270 
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid8401300\charrsid5986606 The Issues
\par }{\ul\insrsid8401300\charrsid14748270 
\par }{\insrsid14754767\charrsid5986606 [}{\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 8}{\insrsid14754767\charrsid5986606 ]\tab The}{\insrsid861231\charrsid5986606  material damage cover provided}{\insrsid8401300\charrsid5986606 :}{\insrsid4136501\charrsid5986606 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\insrsid861231\charrsid2108601 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\i\insrsid861231\charrsid5986606 \'93If }{\b\i\insrsid4136501\charrsid5986606 any physical loss or damage}{\b\i\insrsid4553344\charrsid5986606  }{
\b\i\insrsid861231\charrsid5986606 - }{\b\i\insrsid4553344\charrsid5986606 unintended and unforseen by the}{\b\i\insrsid4136501\charrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid861231\charrsid5986606 Insured}{\b\i\insrsid4553344\charrsid5986606  }{
\b\i\insrsid14754767\charrsid5986606 \endash }{\b\i\insrsid861231\charrsid5986606  happens }{\b\i\insrsid14754767\charrsid5986606 to any of the Insured Property during the Period of Insurance,}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid14754767\charrsid5986606 
the Company}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid14754767\charrsid5986606 will }{\b\i\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 indemnify}{\b\i\insrsid14754767\charrsid5986606  the Insured for that loss o}{\b\i\insrsid15663604\charrsid5986606 r}{
\b\i\insrsid14754767\charrsid5986606  damage up to but not exceeding the Limit of Liability.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid14754767\charrsid5986606 
\par [}{\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 9}{\insrsid14754767\charrsid5986606 ]\tab This was effectively an all risks co}{\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 ve}{\insrsid14754767\charrsid5986606 r.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid14754767\charrsid5986606 
The exclusion relied on was relevantly}{\insrsid9446625\charrsid5986606 :}{\insrsid14754767\charrsid5986606  
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\insrsid5196678\charrsid2108601 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\i\insrsid14754767\charrsid5986606 \'93(1)\tab This Policy does not insure any loss or damage directly or indirectly cause}{
\b\i\insrsid4553344\charrsid5986606 d}{\b\i\insrsid14754767\charrsid5986606  by or resulting from;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\insrsid9113498\charrsid2108601 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-660\li2880\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\i\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 (a)\tab war}{\b\i\insrsid861231\charrsid5986606 ,}{\b\i\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606  invasion}{
\b\i\insrsid861231\charrsid5986606 ,}{\b\i\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid14754767\charrsid5986606 act of foreign enemy, }{\b\i\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 warlike operations}{\b\i\insrsid9113498\charrsid5986606  }{
\b\i\insrsid14754767\charrsid5986606 (whether war is declared or not)}{\b\i\insrsid861231\charrsid5986606 ,}{\b\i\insrsid14754767\charrsid5986606  civil war, mutiny}{\b\i\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 ,}{\b\i\insrsid14754767\charrsid5986606 
 rebellion, revolution, insurrection, military}{\b\i\insrsid9113498\charrsid5986606  or}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 usurped power\'85\'94}{\b\i\insrsid14754767\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid14754767\charrsid5986606 
\par [}{\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 10}{\insrsid14754767\charrsid5986606 ]\tab The issues }{\insrsid9113498\charrsid5986606 which rem}{\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 ain}{\insrsid9113498\charrsid5986606  for }{\insrsid4008913 
consideration by this Court are}{\insrsid9113498\charrsid5986606 :}{\insrsid14754767\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid9113498\charrsid5986606 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid9113498\charrsid5986606 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-709\li2127\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin2127\itap0\pararsid2108601 {
\insrsid9113498\charrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid9113498\charrsid5986606 whether the actions of George Speight and his confederates}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid9113498\charrsid5986606 at Parliament House at }{\b\i\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 
and after }{\b\i\insrsid15663604\charrsid5986606 10.45}{\b\i\insrsid9113498\charrsid5986606  on 19 May 2000 constituted \'93an insurrection.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\insrsid9113498\charrsid2108601 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid9113498\charrsid5986606 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-709\li2127\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin2127\itap0\pararsid2108601 {
\b\i\insrsid9113498\charrsid5986606 Whether the defendant }{\b\i\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 established }{\b\i\insrsid9113498\charrsid5986606 that the loss }{\b\i\insrsid4553344\charrsid5986606 or damage }{\b\i\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 was }{
\b\i\insrsid9113498\charrsid5986606 directly or indirectly caused by an }{\b\i\insrsid4553344\charrsid5986606 \'93insurrection.\'94}{\b\i\insrsid9113498\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\insrsid9113498\charrsid2108601 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid9113498\charrsid5986606 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-709\li2127\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin2127\itap0\pararsid2108601 {
\b\i\insrsid9113498\charrsid5986606  Whether the plaintiffs were entitled to relief under s.25 of the Insurance Law Reform Act}{\b\i\insrsid9446625\charrsid5986606  (9 of 1996).}{\b\i\insrsid9113498\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\ul\insrsid10307263\charrsid2108601 
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid9113498\charrsid5986606 Insurrection
\par }{\insrsid15663604\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 [11}{\insrsid9113498\charrsid5986606 ]}{\insrsid6627865\charrsid5986606 \tab 
It will be convenient to start by considering }{\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 the meaning of }{\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 \lquote }{\b\i\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 insurrection.}{\b\i\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{
\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid6627865\charrsid5986606 The earlier English authorities were comprehensively reviewed by Mustil}{\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 l}{\insrsid6627865\charrsid5986606  J. }{\insrsid8808096\charrsid5986606 (}{
\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 as he th}{\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 e}{\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 n was}{\insrsid8808096\charrsid5986606 )}{\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606  in }{\b\i\ul\insrsid6627865\charrsid5986606 Spin}{
\b\i\ul\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 n}{\b\i\ul\insrsid6627865\charrsid5986606 ey\rquote s (1948) Ltd }{\b\i\ul\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 v. Royal Insurance Co Ltd.}{\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606  [1980}{\insrsid6627865\charrsid5986606 ]}{
\insrsid15663604\charrsid5986606  1}{\insrsid6627865\charrsid5986606  Lloyds }{\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 Rep 406 }{\i\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 (}{\b\i\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 Spinney\rquote s}{\b\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 )}{
\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606  a}{\insrsid6627865\charrsid5986606 nd the only other English decision which need be }{\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 considered i}{\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 s}{\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid6627865\charrsid5986606 that of Sav}{\insrsid4984648\charrsid5986606 ille J. (}{\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 as he }{\insrsid4984648\charrsid5986606 th}{\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 e}{\insrsid4984648\charrsid5986606 n was)}{
\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid4984648\charrsid5986606 in }{\b\i\ul\insrsid4984648\charrsid5986606 National}{\b\i\ul\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\ul\insrsid4984648\charrsid5986606 Oil Co.}{\b\i\ul\insrsid15663604\charrsid5986606  }{
\b\i\ul\insrsid4984648\charrsid5986606 of}{\b\i\ul\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\ul\insrsid4984648\charrsid5986606 Zimba}{\b\i\ul\insrsid8808096\charrsid5986606 b}{\b\i\ul\insrsid4984648\charrsid5986606 we (Private) Ltd. v. Stu}{
\b\i\ul\insrsid8808096\charrsid5986606 rge}{\insrsid8808096\charrsid5986606  [199}{\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 1] 2 Lloyds R}{\insrsid4984648\charrsid5986606 eps 281}{\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 
(National Oil)}{\b\i\insrsid4984648\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid4984648\charrsid5986606 The only Commonwealth decision that need be considered is that of the Trin}{\insrsid15954437\charrsid5986606 i}{\insrsid4984648\charrsid5986606 dad }
{\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 Court of Appeal in }{\b\i\ul\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 Grell}{\b\i\ul\insrsid861231\charrsid5986606 -}{\b\i\ul\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 T}{\b\i\ul\insrsid8808096\charrsid5986606 a}{
\b\i\ul\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 urel}{\b\i\ul\insrsid4984648\charrsid5986606  Ltd. }{\b\i\ul\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 v.}{\b\i\ul\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\ul\insrsid4984648\charrsid5986606 Carribean Home Insurance Co Ltd}{
\insrsid4984648\charrsid5986606 . [2002] Lloyds (I}{\insrsid8808096\charrsid5986606 &}{\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 R}{\insrsid4984648\charrsid5986606 ) Rep 6}{\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 55}{\insrsid8808096\charrsid5986606  }{
\b\i\insrsid8808096\charrsid5986606 (Grell-Taurel)}{\b\i\insrsid4984648\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid4984648\charrsid5986606 We will also }{\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 consider two}{\insrsid4984648\charrsid5986606 
 United States decisions}{\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 :}{\insrsid4984648\charrsid5986606  }{\b\i\ul\insrsid4984648\charrsid5986606 Home Insurance}{\b\i\ul\insrsid15954437\charrsid5986606  Co. of New York }{\b\i\ul\insrsid8808096\charrsid5986606 v. }{
\b\i\ul\insrsid15954437\charrsid5986606 Davila}{\insrsid15954437\charrsid5986606  212 }{\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 F}{\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 2d }{\insrsid15954437\charrsid5986606 731 (1954) }{
\b\i\insrsid8808096\charrsid5986606 (Davila)}{\insrsid8808096\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 a}{\insrsid15954437\charrsid5986606  decision of the }{\insrsid13791699\charrsid5986606 F}{\insrsid2193270\charrsid5986606 irst C}{
\insrsid15954437\charrsid5986606 ircuit }{\insrsid2193270\charrsid5986606 arising from an }{\insrsid15954437\charrsid5986606 insurrection }{\insrsid11010091\charrsid5986606 in}{\insrsid15954437\charrsid5986606  Puerto}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid15954437\charrsid5986606 Rico }{\insrsid2193270\charrsid5986606 in1950}{\insrsid15954437\charrsid5986606  and}{\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\ul\insrsid15954437\charrsid5986606 Pan}{\b\i\ul\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\ul\insrsid2193270\charrsid5986606 
American}{\b\i\ul\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\ul\insrsid15954437\charrsid5986606 World}{\b\i\ul\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\ul\insrsid15954437\charrsid5986606 Airways}{\b\i\ul\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\ul\insrsid15954437\charrsid5986606 In}{
\b\i\ul\insrsid2193270\charrsid5986606 c}{\b\i\ul\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\ul\insrsid15954437\charrsid5986606 v.}{\b\i\ul\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\ul\insrsid15954437\charrsid5986606 A}{\b\i\ul\insrsid2193270\charrsid5986606 e}{
\b\i\ul\insrsid15954437\charrsid5986606 tna }{\b\i\ul\insrsid2193270\charrsid5986606 Casualty and }{\b\i\ul\insrsid15954437\charrsid5986606 Surety Co}{\insrsid15954437\charrsid5986606 . [1975] 1Lloyds Rep 77}{\insrsid11010091\charrsid5986606  }{
\b\i\insrsid11010091\charrsid5986606 (Pan American)}{\insrsid15954437\charrsid5986606  a decision of the }{\insrsid2193270\charrsid5986606 Second C}{\insrsid15954437\charrsid5986606 ircuit arising out of the hijacking and destruction of}{
\insrsid2193270\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid11010091\charrsid5986606 an aircraft in}{\insrsid2193270\charrsid5986606  1970.}{\insrsid1459880\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid2193270\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid1459880\charrsid5986606 [1}{\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 2}{\insrsid1459880\charrsid5986606 ]\tab In }{\b\i\insrsid1459880\charrsid5986606 Spinney\rquote s }{\insrsid11010091\charrsid5986606 case }{\insrsid1459880\charrsid5986606 Mustil}{
\insrsid2193270\charrsid5986606 l}{\insrsid1459880\charrsid5986606  J. considered the mea}{\insrsid2193270\charrsid5986606 ning of}{\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606  \lquote }{\b\i\insrsid1459880\charrsid5986606 rebellion}{
\b\i\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\insrsid1459880\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid2193270\charrsid5986606 and }{\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 \lquote }{\b\i\insrsid1459880\charrsid5986606 insurrection}{\b\i\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 
\rquote }{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid1459880\charrsid5986606 in }{\insrsid2193270\charrsid5986606 an exception clause in}{\insrsid11010091\charrsid5986606  the relevant}{\insrsid1459880\charrsid5986606  policy.}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid9399774\charrsid5986606 He}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid9399774\charrsid5986606 said }{\insrsid11010091\charrsid5986606 [1980] 1 Lloyds Rep}{\insrsid2193270\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid9446625\charrsid5986606 at 436 -7:}{
\insrsid9399774\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\b\i\insrsid11010091\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\i\insrsid11944919\charrsid5986606 \'93}{\b\i\insrsid9399774\charrsid5986606 
In my judgment the events which occurred in Lebanon before and at the time in question }{\b\i\insrsid6357072\charrsid5986606 did not constitute }{\b\i\insrsid9399774\charrsid5986606 either a rebellion or }{\b\i\insrsid6357072\charrsid5986606 an }{
\b\i\insrsid9399774\charrsid5986606 insurrection. These words have several shades of meaning.}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid9399774\charrsid5986606 I consider that they are used }{\b\i\insrsid6357072\charrsid5986606 here in their most narrow sense
\'85}{\b\i\v\insrsid16279591\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\i\v\insrsid9399774\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\i\insrsid9399774\charrsid5986606 As regards rebellion I adopt the definition in the Oxford English }{\b\i\insrsid6357072\charrsid5986606 D}{
\b\i\insrsid11010091\charrsid5986606 ictionary\'85\rquote }{\b\i\insrsid9399774\charrsid5986606 organised resistance to the ruler or government of one\rquote s country; insurrection; revolt.}{\b\i\insrsid11010091\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{
\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid9399774\charrsid5986606 To this I would add th}{\b\i\insrsid6357072\charrsid5986606 at}{\b\i\insrsid11010091\charrsid5986606  the}{\b\i\insrsid9399774\charrsid5986606  purpose o}{\b\i\insrsid11944919\charrsid5986606 
f the resistance must be to su}{\b\i\insrsid11010091\charrsid5986606 p}{\b\i\insrsid11944919\charrsid5986606 p}{\b\i\insrsid9399774\charrsid5986606 l}{\b\i\insrsid11944919\charrsid5986606 a}{\b\i\insrsid9399774\charrsid5986606 nt the }{
\b\i\insrsid11944919\charrsid5986606 existing rulers or at least to deprive them }{\b\i\insrsid6357072\charrsid5986606 of}{\b\i\insrsid11944919\charrsid5986606  authority}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid11944919\charrsid5986606 
over part of their territory.}{\b\i\insrsid1459880\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\b\i\insrsid5196678\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\i\insrsid11010091\charrsid5986606 The dictionary defines \lquote }{\b\i\insrsid11944919\charrsid5986606 insurrection}{
\b\i\insrsid11010091\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\b\i\insrsid11944919\charrsid5986606  in a similar }{\b\i\insrsid6357072\charrsid5986606 manner, but also suggests the no}{\b\i\insrsid11944919\charrsid5986606 tion of an incipient or limited rebellion.}{
\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid11944919\charrsid5986606 I believe that th}{\b\i\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606 is r}{\b\i\insrsid11010091\charrsid5986606 eflects the distinction between}{\b\i\insrsid6357072\charrsid5986606  }{
\b\i\insrsid1075380\charrsid5986606 [the] }{\b\i\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606 two exceptions as they are used in the present clause, subject to the rider that a less}{\b\i\insrsid6357072\charrsid5986606 e}{\b\i\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606 
r degree of organisation may also mark of}{\b\i\insrsid6357072\charrsid5986606 f}{\b\i\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606  an insurrection from a rebellion.}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606 But with each exception there m}{
\b\i\insrsid6357072\charrsid5986606 ust}{\b\i\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606  be actions against the government with a view to suppl}{\b\i\insrsid11010091\charrsid5986606 anti}{\b\i\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606 ng it.}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{
\b\i\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606 Since \'85 no}{\b\i\insrsid6357072\charrsid5986606 ne}{\b\i\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606  of the }{\b\i\insrsid6357072\charrsid5986606 f}{\b\i\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606 actions had the intent}{
\b\i\insrsid6357072\charrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid11010091\charrsid5986606 to}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid6357072\charrsid5986606 force a}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606 change of government by }{
\b\i\insrsid6357072\charrsid5986606 acts of}{\b\i\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606  violence, the exceptions do not apply. }{\b\i\insrsid11944919\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\b\i\insrsid11010091\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 [13}{\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606 ]\tab The causation clause in }{\insrsid9446625\charrsid5986606 
that policy relevantly provided:}{\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\b\i\insrsid861231\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\i\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606 \'93This Insurance does not cover any loss or damage occasioned by or through or }{
\b\i\insrsid6357072\charrsid5986606 in }{\b\i\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606 consequence, directly or indirectly, of any of the following occurrences\'85.\'94}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid16205943\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 [14}{\insrsid6357072\charrsid5986606 ]\tab }{\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606 This is similar to the }{\insrsid6357072\charrsid5986606 causation}{\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606  clause in the }{
\insrsid11010091\charrsid5986606 subject}{\insrsid6357072\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606 policy.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606 Musti}{\insrsid6357072\charrsid5986606 l}{\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606 l J}{
\insrsid9446625\charrsid5986606 . said of this provision (at 439):}{\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\b\i\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\i\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606 \'93\'85the protection afforded to the insurers is \'85
 greatly increased by the provision admitting indirect causes of loss.\'94}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid2123274\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 [15}{\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606 ]\tab He continued at }{\insrsid9446625\charrsid5986606 (}{\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606 441-2}{\insrsid9446625\charrsid5986606 ):}{\insrsid2773251 
\par }{\insrsid2108601\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\i\insrsid11348428\charrsid5986606 \'93}{\b\i\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606 
I now turn to the question whether there was a sufficient causal connection between the operation of the excepted per}{\b\i\insrsid11010091\charrsid5986606 i}{\b\i\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606 ls and the losses }{\b\i\insrsid6357072\charrsid5986606 ..}{
\b\i\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606 .}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid9269088\charrsid5986606 The}{\b\i\insrsid11744493\charrsid5986606  type of connection required is defined by the causation clause\'85 I do not find it necessary }{
\b\i\insrsid5659859\charrsid5986606 to discuss the reported decisions}{\b\i\insrsid15287880\charrsid5986606  on the meaning of the various individual words of the clause, for whatever they may mean on their own}{\b\i\insrsid6357072\charrsid5986606 ,}{
\b\i\insrsid15287880\charrsid5986606  it is quite clear that the draftsman has gone to great lengths to ensure that the doctrine of proximate cause does not apply.}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid15287880\charrsid5986606 Plainly there 
must be some limit on the application of the clause, for the chain of causation re}{\b\i\insrsid6357072\charrsid5986606 cedes}{\b\i\insrsid15287880\charrsid5986606  infinitely into the past.}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid15287880\charrsid5986606 
The draftsman must have inten}{\b\i\insrsid6690274\charrsid5986606 ded to stop somewhere; and that }{\b\i\insrsid15287880\charrsid5986606 place must be the point }{\b\i\insrsid6357072\charrsid5986606 at}{\b\i\insrsid15287880\charrsid5986606 
 which an event ceases to be a cause of the}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid15287880\charrsid5986606 loss, and becomes merely an item of history. The draftsman has not explained how that point is to be identified, }{
\b\i\insrsid12793560\charrsid5986606 nor}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid15287880\charrsid5986606 indeed do I believe that words can be found to do so.}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid15287880\charrsid5986606 
It is, eventually, a matter of instinct \endash  but an instinct gu}{\b\i\insrsid12793560\charrsid5986606 ide}{\b\i\insrsid15287880\charrsid5986606 d by the fact}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid6891246\charrsid5986606 that this is the policy which\'85
 expressly insures against violen}{\b\i\insrsid11010091\charrsid5986606 t}{\b\i\insrsid6891246\charrsid5986606  act}{\b\i\insrsid12793560\charrsid5986606 s.}{\b\i\insrsid2108601 "}{\b\i\insrsid6891246\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\insrsid11010091\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 [16}{\insrsid1444805\charrsid5986606 ]\tab }{\insrsid12793560\charrsid5986606 In the context of }{
\insrsid6891246\charrsid5986606 the facts of that case the Judge said}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid9446625\charrsid5986606 (}{\insrsid6891246\charrsid5986606 at 442}{\insrsid9446625\charrsid5986606 )}{\insrsid6891246\charrsid5986606 :
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\b\i\insrsid861231\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\i\insrsid6891246\charrsid5986606 \'93The plaintiffs have to face the assertion that the turbulence and collapse of}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{
\b\i\insrsid6891246\charrsid5986606 public order }{\b\i\insrsid12793560\charrsid5986606 \'85 permitted and indeed even encouraged the acts of looting and vandalism of which the }{\b\i\insrsid1444805\charrsid5986606 incidents at Spinney\rquote 
s were examples.}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid1444805\charrsid5986606 Unless rebutted, this would in my}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid1444805\charrsid5986606 view be sufficient to establish that the loss was occasioned indirectly \'85
by, through or in consequence of the civil commotion.}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid1444805\charrsid5986606 This assertion appears to me justified on the facts, so far as they are known. ..\'94
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 
\par [17}{\insrsid3370498\charrsid5986606 ]\tab The policy in the }{\b\i\insrsid3370498\charrsid5986606 National Oil}{\insrsid3370498\charrsid5986606  case [1991] }{\insrsid861231\charrsid5986606 2}{\insrsid3370498\charrsid5986606 
 Lloyds Rep 281 excluded liability for loss of damage }{\b\i\insrsid3370498\charrsid5986606 \'93}{\b\i\insrsid11489878\charrsid5986606 caused by \'85. rebellion, insurrection}{\b\i\insrsid861231\charrsid5986606 \'94}{\insrsid11489878\charrsid5986606 
 but the }{\insrsid861231\charrsid5986606 ex}{\insrsid11489878\charrsid5986606 clusion }{\insrsid861231\charrsid5986606 did}{\insrsid11489878\charrsid5986606  not cover loss o}{\insrsid861231\charrsid5986606 r}{\insrsid11489878\charrsid5986606 
 damage indirectly caused by the excluded events.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid11489878\charrsid5986606 Saville J. said }{\insrsid9446625\charrsid5986606 (}{\insrsid11489878\charrsid5986606 at 282}{\insrsid9446625\charrsid5986606 )}{
\insrsid15095139\charrsid5986606 :}{\insrsid11489878\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid9446625\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\i\insrsid11489878\charrsid5986606 \'93In the context of a commercial contract such as the policy under discussion, the expressions \rquote 
civil war\rquote , \lquote r}{\b\i\insrsid1075380\charrsid5986606 ebellion\rquote  and \lquote insurrection\rquote }{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid1075380\charrsid5986606 be}{\b\i\insrsid861231\charrsid5986606 ar}{\b\i\insrsid1075380\charrsid5986606 
 the}{\b\i\insrsid861231\charrsid5986606 ir}{\b\i\insrsid1075380\charrsid5986606  ordinary business meaning. \'85 rebellion and insurrection have somewhat similar meanings to each other.}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid1075380\charrsid5986606 
To my mind each means an organised and violent internal uprising in a country with, as a main purpose, the object of trying to overthrow or supplant the government of that country, though \lquote insurrection\rquote  }{
\b\i\insrsid11960011\charrsid5986606 de}{\b\i\insrsid1075380\charrsid5986606 notes a lesser degree of organisation and size th}{\b\i\insrsid2123274\charrsid5986606 a}{\b\i\insrsid1075380\charrsid5986606 n \lquote rebellion\rquote  \endash 
 see Davila 212 F.2d 731}{\b\i\insrsid2123274\charrsid5986606  (}{\b\i\insrsid11960011\charrsid5986606 1954}{\b\i\insrsid2123274\charrsid5986606 )}{\b\i\insrsid1075380\charrsid5986606 . Underwriters }{\b\i\insrsid11960011\charrsid5986606 acc}{
\b\i\insrsid1075380\charrsid5986606 ept}{\b\i\insrsid11960011\charrsid5986606  that }{\b\i\insrsid1075380\charrsid5986606 if they cannot }{\b\i\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606 establish insurrection th}{\b\i\insrsid11960011\charrsid5986606 e}{
\b\i\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606 n they must necessarily fail on rebellion.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\i\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606 [1}{\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 8}{\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606 ]\tab 
His decision on the facts of that case is of no assistance }{\insrsid11960011\charrsid5986606 in this case.}{\insrsid3370498\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid10058663\charrsid5986606 [19}{\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606 ]\tab The decision of the Tr}{\insrsid11960011\charrsid5986606 inidad Court of Appeal in }{\b\i\insrsid11960011\charrsid5986606 Grell -}{\b\i\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606 Taurel}{
\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid11960011\charrsid5986606 [}{\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606 2002}{\insrsid11960011\charrsid5986606 ]}{\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606  Lloyds (I&R) Rep 655 was based on the events of 27 and 28 July 1990 when armed }{
\insrsid11960011\charrsid5986606 insurgents}{\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606  stormed the Parliament, taking the Prime Minister and }{\insrsid11960011\charrsid5986606 o}{\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606 
thers hostage, attacked the police headquarters which was destroyed by fire, and took over the main television station.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606 The leader of the }{\insrsid11960011\charrsid5986606 insurgents}{
\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606  made a televised broadcast to the nation shortly afterwards in which he appealed for calm and discourage}{\insrsid11960011\charrsid5986606 d looting, but}{\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606  extensive looting broke out.}{
\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606 Similarities }{\insrsid2123274\charrsid5986606 between }{\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606 the facts of that case }{\insrsid2123274\charrsid5986606 and the present }{\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606 are }{
\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606 of little}{\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606  significance because }{\insrsid11960011\charrsid5986606 a}{\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606  decision on particular facts has no value as a pre}{\insrsid11886457\charrsid5986606 ce
}{\insrsid2123274\charrsid5986606 dent}{\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid9446625\charrsid5986606 
\par 
\par [20]\tab }{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 T}{\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606 he policy in that case included a reverse }{\insrsid11960011\charrsid5986606 onus}{\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606  clause which is not found in the present polic}{
\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 y}{\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606 , }{\insrsid11960011\charrsid5986606 but the exclusion clause }{\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606 was}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606 similar:
\par }{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\i\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606 \'93This insurance does not cover any loss o}{\b\i\insrsid2123274\charrsid5986606 r}{
\b\i\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606  damage occasioned by or through or in consequence, directly or indirectly of any of the following occurrences namely:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\b\i\insrsid5196678\charrsid5986606 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid5986606 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-405\li2565\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin2565\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{
\b\i\insrsid11886457\charrsid5986606 Mutiny,}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid11886457\charrsid5986606 riot,}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid11886457\charrsid5986606 military}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid11886457\charrsid5986606 or}{
\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid11886457\charrsid5986606 popular}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid11886457\charrsid5986606 rising,}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid11886457\charrsid5986606 insurrection,}{\b\i\insrsid10955781\charrsid5986606 

\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid11886457\charrsid5986606 rebellion\'85 \'94}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid2313153\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\b\i\insrsid1075380\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid6690274\charrsid5986606 [}{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 21}{\insrsid6690274\charrsid5986606 ]\tab Hamel}{\insrsid10955781\charrsid5986606 -}{
\insrsid6690274\charrsid5986606 Smith JA. said}{\insrsid5196678\charrsid5986606  at 659:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\i\insrsid5196678\charrsid5986606 \'93whether the looting was done for private gain or to further the}{\b\i\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606  ends of
}{\b\i\insrsid5196678\charrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid10955781\charrsid5986606 insurgents}{\b\i\insrsid5196678\charrsid5986606  is immaterial\'85
 the fact that the insurrection was confined to [Parliament] and Television House is of no moment. The exception in the policy applied to loss occasion}{\b\i\insrsid10955781\charrsid5986606 ed}{\b\i\insrsid5196678\charrsid5986606  by in
surrection occurring in Trinidad.}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid5196678\charrsid5986606 \'85 It may be that the further from the area wher}{\b\i\insrsid8063112\charrsid5986606 e}{\b\i\insrsid5196678\charrsid5986606 
 the excepted occurrence takes place the less likely the los}{\b\i\insrsid10955781\charrsid5986606 s}{\b\i\insrsid5196678\charrsid5986606  will be occasioned by the excepted per}{\b\i\insrsid10955781\charrsid5986606 i}{\b\i\insrsid5196678\charrsid5986606 
l but that is a question of degree and nothing more.\'94}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid1075380\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-660\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid15095139\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid5196678\charrsid5986606 [2}{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 2}{\insrsid5196678\charrsid5986606 ]\tab }{\insrsid10955781\charrsid5986606 Warner}{\insrsid485407\charrsid5986606  JA, who }{\insrsid10955781\charrsid5986606 gave}{
\insrsid485407\charrsid5986606  the principal judgment, agreed at }{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 (}{\insrsid10955781\charrsid5986606 666}{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 )}{\insrsid485407\charrsid5986606 
 that the fact that the looters were motivated by personal gain }{\insrsid10955781\charrsid5986606 was irrelevant }{\insrsid485407\charrsid5986606 and that it made no difference whether or not }{\insrsid10955781\charrsid5986606 insurgents }{
\insrsid485407\charrsid5986606 took part in the looting.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid8063112\charrsid5986606 T}{\insrsid485407\charrsid5986606 he trial Judge had found that there was no credible evidence to implicate the }{
\insrsid10955781\charrsid5986606 insurgents}{\insrsid485407\charrsid5986606  in the loot}{\insrsid10955781\charrsid5986606 ing}{\insrsid485407\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid8063112\charrsid5986606 Warner JA}{\insrsid485407\charrsid5986606 
 adopted the statement of Mustill J. in }{\b\i\insrsid485407\charrsid5986606 Spinney\rquote s}{\insrsid485407\charrsid5986606  quoted above [}{\insrsid15560239\charrsid5986606 p}{\insrsid485407\charrsid5986606 ar}{\insrsid3483778\charrsid5986606 a}{
\insrsid8063112\charrsid5986606 15}{\insrsid485407\charrsid5986606 ] and said at 667:
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid485407\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid485407\charrsid5986606 \'93}{\b\i\insrsid485407\charrsid5986606 
If therefore, the reasoning in Spinney is applied to the instant case, I do not think it can be said }{\b\i\insrsid15560239\charrsid5986606 that }{\b\i\insrsid485407\charrsid5986606 the insurrection was so far removed}{\b\i\insrsid8063112\charrsid5986606 
 in time and}{\b\i\insrsid15560239\charrsid5986606  place, to the extent that it had nothing to do with the looting.\'94 }{\b\i\insrsid3871394\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\b\i\insrsid3871394\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606 T}{\insrsid15560239\charrsid5986606 
he Court, affirming the decision of the trial Judge, held that the case fell within the exception excluding loss o}{\insrsid3871394\charrsid5986606 r}{\insrsid15560239\charrsid5986606  damage occasioned directly or indirectly b}{
\insrsid3871394\charrsid5986606 y insurrection and the insured }{\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606 failed}{\insrsid15560239\charrsid5986606 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\i\insrsid15560239\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 [23}{\insrsid15560239\charrsid5986606 ]\tab }{\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606 In}{
\insrsid3871394\charrsid5986606  the }{\b\i\insrsid3871394\charrsid5986606 Davila}{\insrsid3871394\charrsid5986606  case}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15560239\charrsid5986606 212 F.2d 731 }{\insrsid8063112\charrsid5986606 (1954) }{
\insrsid15560239\charrsid5986606 Magruder C}{\insrsid2108601 .}{\insrsid15560239\charrsid5986606 J. writing for the First Circuit said at 736:}{\b\i\insrsid5196678\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\b\i\insrsid10827835\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\i\insrsid15560239\charrsid5986606 \'93\'85 the district Judge correctly told the jury that, to constitute an in
surrection or rebellion within the meaning of these policies, there must have been a movement accompanied by actio}{\b\i\insrsid3871394\charrsid5986606 n specifically intended to overthrow}{\b\i\insrsid15560239\charrsid5986606 
 the constituted government and to take posses}{\b\i\insrsid3871394\charrsid5986606 sion of the inherent}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid3871394\charrsid5986606 powers}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid3871394\charrsid5986606 there}{
\b\i\insrsid15560239\charrsid5986606 of.}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid15560239\charrsid5986606 An insurrection aimed to accomplish the overthrow of the constituted government is no less an insurrection because the chances of success are forlo}{
\b\i\insrsid3871394\charrsid5986606 rn}{\b\i\insrsid15560239\charrsid5986606 . \'85 At the time of its breaking out, an insurrection may not necessar}{\b\i\insrsid8063112\charrsid5986606 ily}{\b\i\insrsid15560239\charrsid5986606 
 look impressive either in numbers, equipment, or organisation \'85 }{\b\i\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606 at its }{\b\i\insrsid15560239\charrsid5986606 inception an insurrection may be a pre}{\b\i\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606 
tty loosely organised affair \'85.I}{\b\i\insrsid15560239\charrsid5986606 t may start as a sudden surprise attack upon the civil authorities of a community.\'94}{\b\i\insrsid2514432\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid10827835\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 [24}{\insrsid2514432\charrsid5986606 ]\tab }{\insrsid15560239\charrsid5986606  Later he said at 737 -8:}{\insrsid2514432\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi60\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\i\insrsid15560239\charrsid5986606 \'93Whether it was an insurrection or not depended upon what was in [the] min}{
\b\i\insrsid3871394\charrsid5986606 d}{\b\i\insrsid15560239\charrsid5986606 s [of its leaders]}{\b\i\insrsid3871394\charrsid5986606  as the objective or}{\b\i\insrsid15560239\charrsid5986606  objectives of the uprising.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid9711411\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 [25}{\insrsid15560239\charrsid5986606 ]\tab In }{\insrsid8063112\charrsid5986606 the }{\b\i\insrsid15560239\charrsid5986606 Pan American}{\insrsid15560239\charrsid5986606  case [1975] 1 Lloyds }{
\insrsid5267879\charrsid5986606 Rep 77 Hays J. writing for the Second Circuit said at 88}{\insrsid3871394\charrsid5986606  - 9}{\insrsid5267879\charrsid5986606 :
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\i\insrsid5267879\charrsid5986606 \'93\'85 for}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid5267879\charrsid5986606 there}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{
\b\i\insrsid5267879\charrsid5986606 to}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid5267879\charrsid5986606 be}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid5267879\charrsid5986606 an}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid5267879\charrsid5986606 \lquote insurrection\rquote }{
\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid5267879\charrsid5986606 there}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid5267879\charrsid5986606 must}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid5267879\charrsid5986606 be}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid5267879\charrsid5986606 
an inten}{\b\i\insrsid3871394\charrsid5986606 t}{\b\i\insrsid5267879\charrsid5986606  to overthrow a lawfully constituted regime\'85 The all risks policies exclude \lquote loss or damage\rquote  due to or resulting from the various }{
\b\i\insrsid3871394\charrsid5986606 e}{\b\i\insrsid5267879\charrsid5986606 numerated per}{\b\i\insrsid3871394\charrsid5986606 i}{\b\i\insrsid5267879\charrsid5986606 ls, a phrase that clearly refers to the proximate cause of the loss.}{\b\i\insrsid5986606 
 }{\b\i\insrsid5267879\charrsid5986606 Remote causes of c}{\b\i\insrsid3871394\charrsid5986606 au}{\b\i\insrsid5267879\charrsid5986606 ses are not relevant to the characterisation of an insurance loss.}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{
\b\i\insrsid5267879\charrsid5986606 In the context of this commercial litigation the causation inquiry stops at the efficient physical cause of the loss; it does not trace events back to their metaphysical beginnings.}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{
\b\i\insrsid5267879\charrsid5986606 The words \lquote due to or resulting from\rquote  limit the inquiry to the facts immediately surrounding}{\b\i\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606  the loss}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid5267879\charrsid5986606 \'85
 if the insurer desires to have more remote causes determine the scope of exclusion, he may draft}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid5267879\charrsid5986606 language to effectuate that desire.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\insrsid10827835\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid2514432\charrsid5986606 [2}{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 6}{\insrsid6163636\charrsid5986606 ]\tab Later }{\insrsid10049014\charrsid5986606 
he said }{\insrsid6163636\charrsid5986606 at 96-7:}{\insrsid5267879\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid6163636\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\i\insrsid6163636\charrsid5986606 \'93Insurrection presents the key issue because \lquote rebellion\rquote , \lquote revolution\rquote , and 
\lquote civil war\rquote  are progressive stages in the development of civil unrest, the most rudimentary form of which is}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid6163636\charrsid5986606 \lquote insurrection\rquote  .}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{
\b\i\insrsid6163636\charrsid5986606 See }{\b\i\ul\insrsid6163636\charrsid5986606 Davila}{\b\i\insrsid10049014\charrsid5986606  \'85 T}{\b\i\insrsid6163636\charrsid5986606 he }{\b\i\insrsid10049014\charrsid5986606 D}{\b\i\insrsid6163636\charrsid5986606 
istrict }{\b\i\insrsid10049014\charrsid5986606 C}{\b\i\insrsid6163636\charrsid5986606 ourt held that the word insurrection means \'85 }{\b\i\insrsid10049014\charrsid5986606 a }{\b\i\insrsid6163636\charrsid5986606 violent uprising by}{
\b\i\insrsid10049014\charrsid5986606  a}{\b\i\insrsid6163636\charrsid5986606  group or movement acting for the specific purpose of overthrowing the constituted government }{\b\i\insrsid10049014\charrsid5986606 and seizing}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{
\b\i\insrsid6163636\charrsid5986606 its powers\'85. It based }{\b\i\insrsid10049014\charrsid5986606 this }{\b\i\insrsid6163636\charrsid5986606 definition o}{\b\i\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606 n the}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{
\b\i\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606 opinion of Chief Judge Ma}{\b\i\insrsid6163636\charrsid5986606 gruder in}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\ul\insrsid6163636\charrsid5986606 Davila}{\b\i\insrsid6163636\charrsid5986606 \'85
which, so far as we can find, is the chief case on the insurance meaning of insurrection\'85 }{\b\i\insrsid10049014\charrsid5986606 U}{\b\i\insrsid6163636\charrsid5986606 nder }{\b\i\ul\insrsid6163636\charrsid5986606 Davila}{
\b\i\insrsid6163636\charrsid5986606  the revolutionary purpose need not be objectively reasonable.}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid6163636\charrsid5986606 Any intent to overthrow, no matter how quixotic}{\b\i\insrsid2514432\charrsid5986606 
, is sufficient.\'94}{\b\i\insrsid6163636\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid6711955\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 [27}{\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606 ]\tab The reasoning of Ma}{\insrsid2514432\charrsid5986606 gruder CJ }{\insrsid10049014\charrsid5986606 and }{\insrsid2514432\charrsid5986606 
Hays J in these cases is consistent with the reasoning in the English and Trinidad cases that have been referred to.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid2514432\charrsid5986606 The first of those cases was also cited with approval by Saville J. in the }{
\b\i\insrsid2514432\charrsid5986606 National Oil}{\insrsid10049014\charrsid5986606  case ([1991}{\insrsid2514432\charrsid5986606 ] 2 Lloyds Rep at 282).}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid2514432\charrsid5986606 In }{\b\i\insrsid2514432\charrsid5986606 Spinney
\rquote s}{\insrsid2514432\charrsid5986606  case ([1980] 1 Lloyds Rep }{\insrsid10049014\charrsid5986606 at }{\insrsid2514432\charrsid5986606 435}{\insrsid739597\charrsid5986606 )}{\insrsid2514432\charrsid5986606  Mustill J. disapprove}{
\insrsid10049014\charrsid5986606 d}{\insrsid2514432\charrsid5986606  the decision in the }{\b\i\insrsid2514432\charrsid5986606 Pan American}{\insrsid2514432\charrsid5986606  case on the meaning of military }{\insrsid10049014\charrsid5986606 or }{
\insrsid2514432\charrsid5986606 usurped power, but }{\insrsid739597\charrsid5986606 he did not disapprove }{\insrsid2514432\charrsid5986606 the reasoning on the proximate cause}{\insrsid10049014\charrsid5986606  principle }{
\insrsid2514432\charrsid5986606 or the meaning of }{\b\i\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \lquote }{\b\i\insrsid2514432\charrsid5986606 insurrection}{\b\i\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\insrsid2514432\charrsid5986606  in a policy of this nature.}
{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid9113498\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid2514432\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 [28}{\insrsid2514432\charrsid5986606 ]}{\insrsid6452082\charrsid5986606 \tab In our judgment these authorities establish the following propositions which are relevant to }{\insrsid10956064\charrsid5986606 
the construction and }{\insrsid739597\charrsid5986606 operation}{\insrsid10956064\charrsid5986606  of the present policy:
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid10956064\charrsid5986606 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-687\li2127\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin2127\itap0\pararsid2108601 {
\insrsid10956064\charrsid5986606 an }{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \lquote }{\b\i\insrsid10956064\charrsid5986606 insurrection}{\b\i\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\insrsid10956064\charrsid5986606  
is an attempt by force to overthrow the established government.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid739597\charrsid5986606 This}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid10956064\charrsid5986606 depends on the objective of those involved, particularly the leaders.}{
\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid10956064\charrsid5986606 It does }{\b\ul\insrsid10956064\charrsid5986606 not}{\insrsid10956064\charrsid5986606  depend on their prospects}{\insrsid10049014\charrsid5986606  of success}{\insrsid10956064\charrsid5986606 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\insrsid10956064\charrsid5986606 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid10956064\charrsid5986606 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-687\li2127\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin2127\itap0\pararsid2108601 {
\insrsid10956064\charrsid5986606 The numbers taking part need not be large, and there need not be a high level of planning.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid10956064\charrsid5986606 An }{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \lquote }{
\b\i\insrsid10956064\charrsid5986606 insurrection}{\b\i\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\insrsid10956064\charrsid5986606  may be a loosely organised affair.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid10956064\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid10956064\charrsid5986606 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-687\li2127\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin2127\itap0\pararsid2108601 {
\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606 The exclusions in this policy are }{\b\ul\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606 not}{\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606  limited}{\insrsid10049014\charrsid5986606  to}{\insrsid10956064\charrsid5986606 
 damage proximately or directly caused by an excluded event.}{\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid739597\charrsid5986606 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (4)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-687\li2127\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin2127\itap0\pararsid2108601 {
\insrsid739597\charrsid5986606 The }{\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606 exclusion}{\insrsid739597\charrsid5986606 s}{\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606  cover damage }{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \lquote }{\b\i\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606 indirectly}{
\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606  caused by an excluded}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606 event. How far the cha}{\insrsid10049014\charrsid5986606 i}{\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606 
n of indirect causation extends in time and space}{\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606  is a question of fact a}{\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606 n}{\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606 d}{\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606  degree calling for judgment.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (5)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-687\li2127\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin2127\itap0\pararsid2108601 {
\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 The fact that the looting was for personal gain does not e}{\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606 stablish that}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 the }{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \lquote }{
\b\i\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 insurrection}{\b\i\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606 w}{\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 as}{\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606  not }{
\insrsid739597\charrsid5986606 an}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 indirect cause.}{\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (6)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-687\li2127\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin2127\itap0\pararsid2108601 {
\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 The fact that the insurgents were not involved in the looting and did not instigate it does not }{\insrsid739597\charrsid5986606 establish that}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 the }{
\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \lquote }{\b\i\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 insurrection}{\b\i\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid739597\charrsid5986606 was not an}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \lquote }{\b\i\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 indirect}{\b\i\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\b\i\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 cause.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 [29}{\insrsid739597\charrsid5986606 ]\tab In the light of these conclusions we are unable to accept Mr Jackson
\rquote s submission that the number initially involved in the coup at Parliament House was too small for the enterprise to be characterised as an }{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \lquote }{\b\i\insrsid739597\charrsid5986606 insurrection}{
\b\i\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\b\i\insrsid739597\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid739597\charrsid5986606 
\par 
\par [}{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 30}{\insrsid739597\charrsid5986606 ]\tab He also submitted that the Court could not consider subsequent events, when}{\insrsid15627726\charrsid5986606  deciding whether there was an }{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 
\lquote }{\b\i\insrsid739597\charrsid5986606 insurrection}{\b\i\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\insrsid8327352\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid6102361\charrsid5986606 
The insurers, to succeed in their defence, must establish that the events at Parliament House that morning constituted an }{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \lquote }{\b\i\insrsid6102361\charrsid5986606 insurrection}{\b\i\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 
\rquote }{\insrsid6102361\charrsid5986606  because there is no other excluded event on which they could rely as a direct or indirect cause of the loss and damage suffered by the petitioners after 12.49.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid739597\charrsid5986606 

\par }{\insrsid15627726\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 [31}{\insrsid15627726\charrsid5986606 ]\tab }{\insrsid10301612\charrsid5986606 If the events at Parliament House that morning did not themselves constitute an }{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \lquote }{
\b\i\insrsid10301612\charrsid5986606 insurrection}{\b\i\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\insrsid10301612\charrsid5986606  the fact that }{\insrsid8327352\charrsid5986606 one}{\insrsid10301612\charrsid5986606 
 developed later out of these events will be irrelevant.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid10301612\charrsid5986606 That later }{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \lquote }{\b\i\insrsid10301612\charrsid5986606 insurrection}{\b\i\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 
\rquote }{\b\i\insrsid10301612\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid10301612\charrsid5986606 could not be a cause of loss or damage suffered before it }{\insrsid8327352\charrsid5986606 came}{\insrsid10301612\charrsid5986606  into existence.}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid10301612\charrsid5986606 To that extent we accept Mr Jackson\rquote s submission.}{\insrsid15627726\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid10301612\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 [32}{\insrsid10301612\charrsid5986606 ]\tab However as Magruder CJ said in }{\b\i\insrsid10301612\charrsid5986606 Davila,}{\insrsid10301612\charrsid5986606  in the passage quoted, an }{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 
\lquote }{\b\i\insrsid10301612\charrsid5986606 insurrection}{\b\i\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\insrsid10301612\charrsid5986606  may be}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid10301612\charrsid5986606 
launched without impressive numbers, and its chances of success may appear f}{\insrsid8327352\charrsid5986606 orlorn}{\insrsid10301612\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid10301612\charrsid5986606 
We may be permitted to know that, despite the small numbers initially involved, this coup was partly successful and proved anything bu}{\insrsid8327352\charrsid5986606 t}{\insrsid10301612\charrsid5986606  f}{\insrsid8327352\charrsid5986606 orlorn}{
\insrsid10301612\charrsid5986606 .
\par 
\par }{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 [33}{\insrsid10301612\charrsid5986606 ]\tab Mr George Speight and his confederates judged the moment well.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid10301612\charrsid5986606 
The widespread opposition to the Government among some sections of the indigenous Fijian Community, manifested in the }{\insrsid8327352\charrsid5986606 growing}{\insrsid10301612\charrsid5986606  numbers in the marches, and the taking 
of the hostages at the Parliament allowed the coup to s}{\insrsid8327352\charrsid5986606 urvive}{\insrsid10301612\charrsid5986606  the critical early hours and then grow.
\par 
\par }{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 [34}{\insrsid10301612\charrsid5986606 ]\tab }{\insrsid13901471\charrsid5986606 The coup initiated by Mr Speight lasted much longer than the disturbances in Puerto Rico and Trinidad which were characterised }{
\insrsid8327352\charrsid5986606 as}{\insrsid13901471\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \lquote }{\b\i\insrsid13901471\charrsid5986606 insurrections}{\b\i\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\insrsid13901471\charrsid5986606  in }{
\b\i\insrsid13901471\charrsid5986606 Davila}{\insrsid13901471\charrsid5986606  and }{\b\i\insrsid13901471\charrsid5986606 Grell-Taurel}{\insrsid13901471\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid13901471\charrsid5986606 
In the situation that existed in Fiji on 19 May 2000 the eight heavily armed men who seized Parliament House and took the hostages were }{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 plainly }{\insrsid13901471\charrsid5986606 enough to start an }{
\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \lquote }{\b\i\insrsid13901471\charrsid5986606 insurrection}{\b\i\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\insrsid13901471\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid10301612\charrsid5986606 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606 [}{\insrsid13901471\charrsid5986606 3}{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 5}{\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606 ]\tab }{\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 W}{\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606 e ha}{\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 ve
}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606 no doubt}{\insrsid13901471\charrsid5986606  therefore}{\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 that }{\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606 the action}{
\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 s}{\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606  of Mr George Speight }{\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 and }{\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606 his confederates }{\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 at}{\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606 
 Parliament }{\insrsid2709376\charrsid5986606 H}{\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606 ouse at 10.45 on 1}{\insrsid2709376\charrsid5986606 9}{\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606  May 2000 constituted an}{\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \lquote }{\b\i\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606 insurrection}{\b\i\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606  within the meaning of this poli}{\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 cy}{
\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid13901471\charrsid5986606 Their }{\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606 statements}{\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606 ,}{\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606  recorded in Hansa}{
\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 rd make their intention to over}{\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606 throw the established }{\insrsid15287967\charrsid5986606 G}{\insrsid9318646\charrsid5986606 overnment }{\b\i\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606 (\'93
this is a civil coup\'94}{\insrsid13901471\charrsid5986606 ) very plain,}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid13901471\charrsid5986606 and}{\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606 their actions}{\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 spoke as loudly as their words}{\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 We affirm}{\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606  the decision of the Court of Appeal on this issue.
\par 
\par }{\insrsid10827835\charrsid5986606 [}{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 36}{\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606 ]\tab The coup }{\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 or}{\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606 insurrecti}{
\b\i\insrsid3619020\charrsid5986606 on}{\insrsid10827835\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606 was time}{\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 d}{\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606  to coincide with a peaceful protest march of indigenous Fijians}{
\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 that}{\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606  had }{\insrsid7817245\charrsid5986606 the necessary permit}{\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid13901471\charrsid5986606 The march }{
\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606 was to }{\insrsid13901471\charrsid5986606 finish }{\insrsid4092080\charrsid5986606 at Government House}{\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid16413530\charrsid5986606 with}{\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606 
 the presentation of a petition to the President which outlined the marche}{\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 r}{\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606 s}{\insrsid4092080\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606  grievances against the }{
\insrsid15287967\charrsid5986606 G}{\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606 overnment.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606 The coup occurred }{\insrsid2709376\charrsid5986606 before }{\insrsid16413530\charrsid5986606 they }{
\insrsid13901471\charrsid5986606 arrived and the }{\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606 news on Radio Fiji }{\insrsid13901471\charrsid5986606 was}{\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606  received at Government H}{\insrsid15287967\charrsid5986606 ouse.}{
\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15287967\charrsid5986606 As a result }{\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 the President refused to come to the gates and accept the petition but his Official}{\insrsid15287967\charrsid5986606  S}{\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606 
ecretary}{\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 ,}{\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606  Mr Brown}{\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 , accepted it o}{\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606 n his behalf.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid1316798\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid10956064\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606 [}{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 37}{\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606 ]\tab The trial Judge found that there was no evidence that persons taking part 
in the march were involved in the looting and wilful damage at the petitioners}{\insrsid2709376\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606  shop}{\insrsid1059909\charrsid5986606  or elsewhere in Suva}{\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606 .}{
\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606 This finding was }{\insrsid3619020\charrsid5986606 affirmed}{\insrsid6174068\charrsid5986606  by the Court of Appeal}{\insrsid7738967\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid1059909\charrsid5986606 
There was also}{\insrsid9971799\charrsid5986606  no evidence }{\insrsid7738967\charrsid5986606 that}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid9971799\charrsid5986606 Mr Speight and his confederates }{\insrsid7738967\charrsid5986606 planned or instigated }{
\insrsid1059909\charrsid5986606 the looting or arson.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid7738967\charrsid5986606 The looters were }{\b\ul\insrsid7738967\charrsid5986606 not}{\insrsid7738967\charrsid5986606  part of the }{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \lquote }
{\b\i\insrsid7738967\charrsid5986606 insurrection}{\b\i\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\b\i\insrsid7738967\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid7738967\charrsid5986606 and it was }{\insrsid3619020\charrsid5986606 not }{\insrsid7738967\charrsid5986606 
the direct cause of the loss or damage suffered }{\insrsid1059909\charrsid5986606 by the petitioners}{\insrsid9971799\charrsid5986606 .
\par 
\par }{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 [38}{\insrsid9971799\charrsid5986606 ]\tab A riot broke out at the petitioners\rquote  shop at 12.49 }{\insrsid7738967\charrsid5986606 tw}{\insrsid9971799\charrsid5986606 o hours after the coup.}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid9971799\charrsid5986606 We may be permitted to know that the shop is }{\insrsid15287967\charrsid5986606 ap}{\insrsid9971799\charrsid5986606 proximately}{\insrsid15287967\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid8091116\charrsid5986606 3 kms }{
\insrsid15287967\charrsid5986606 by road from Parliament}{\insrsid8091116\charrsid5986606  House}{\insrsid15287967\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15287967\charrsid5986606 There was therefore little separation between the events in}{
\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606  either}{\insrsid15287967\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid1059909\charrsid5986606 space or }{\insrsid15287967\charrsid5986606 time.
\par 
\par }{\insrsid10827835\charrsid5986606 [3}{\insrsid2516455\charrsid5986606 9}{\insrsid11829137\charrsid5986606 ]\tab }{\insrsid3806731\charrsid5986606 Mr Bolaira, a reporter for Fiji T.V.}{\insrsid8091116\charrsid5986606 ,}{\insrsid3806731\charrsid5986606 
 covered with a cameraman some of }{\insrsid6711955\charrsid5986606 the events in the }{\insrsid7738967\charrsid5986606 CBD}{\insrsid3806731\charrsid5986606  that day}{\insrsid6711955\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid3806731\charrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid6711955\charrsid5986606 He}{\insrsid8091116\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid3806731\charrsid5986606 was 27 }{\insrsid6711955\charrsid5986606 and }{\insrsid3806731\charrsid5986606 had lived in Suva al}{\insrsid6711955\charrsid5986606 l his life but had}
{\insrsid3806731\charrsid5986606  never seen anything like the rioting before}{\insrsid7738967\charrsid5986606 . There had been no lawlessness a}{\insrsid3806731\charrsid5986606 fter the two marches}{\insrsid8397923\charrsid5986606  in the prec}{
\insrsid8091116\charrsid5986606 edin}{\insrsid6711955\charrsid5986606 g}{\insrsid8091116\charrsid5986606  weeks}{\insrsid3806731\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid3806731\charrsid5986606 Mr Herman, the Chief Executive Officer of Fiji Broa
dcasting Corporation Ltd}{\insrsid8397923\charrsid5986606 ,}{\insrsid3806731\charrsid5986606  said that }{\insrsid7738967\charrsid5986606 it }{\insrsid8397923\charrsid5986606 was }{\insrsid3806731\charrsid5986606 providing live coverage of}{
\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid3806731\charrsid5986606 Parliament when the coup occurred and it carried the event live on }{\insrsid7738967\charrsid5986606 its}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid3806731\charrsid5986606 5}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid3806731\charrsid5986606 stations within 5 or 10 minutes.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid3806731\charrsid5986606 He was unable to get into the Parliament and made several trips around }{\insrsid7738967\charrsid5986606 the CBD}{
\insrsid3806731\charrsid5986606  watching the rioting and looting.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid3806731\charrsid5986606 He said that there ha}{\insrsid8397923\charrsid5986606 d}{\insrsid3806731\charrsid5986606 
 been no reports of rioting and looting before the coup.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid3806731\charrsid5986606 When he went into the }{\insrsid7738967\charrsid5986606 CBD}{\insrsid3806731\charrsid5986606  late that morning}{\insrsid8397923\charrsid5986606  
}{\insrsid3806731\charrsid5986606 general looting was }{\insrsid8397923\charrsid5986606 under}{\insrsid3806731\charrsid5986606  way}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid7738967\charrsid5986606 and }{\insrsid3806731\charrsid5986606 he saw men }{
\insrsid8397923\charrsid5986606 women and children }{\insrsid3806731\charrsid5986606 breaking into shops and helping themselves to anything they wanted.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid3806731\charrsid5986606 He did not know which shop }{
\insrsid992333\charrsid5986606 was first looted, or the identit}{\insrsid3806731\charrsid5986606 y of the looters.}{\insrsid992333\charrsid5986606 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid12076210\charrsid5986606 [40}{\insrsid992333\charrsid5986606 ]\tab Mr Whippy of Carpenters L}{\insrsid7738967\charrsid5986606 td.}{\insrsid992333\charrsid5986606  heard of the coup qu}{\insrsid8397923\charrsid5986606 ite}{
\insrsid992333\charrsid5986606  early because he was Chairman of Fiji Broadcasting Corporation and received }{\insrsid8397923\charrsid5986606 a}{\insrsid992333\charrsid5986606  call from the Chief Executive Officer. He immediately }{
\insrsid8397923\charrsid5986606 informed}{\insrsid992333\charrsid5986606  the General Managers of Carpenter}{\insrsid8397923\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\insrsid992333\charrsid5986606 s five stores in Suva who were }{\insrsid8397923\charrsid5986606 told}{
\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid992333\charrsid5986606 to protect stock, assets and sta}{\insrsid8397923\charrsid5986606 ff}{\insrsid992333\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid992333\charrsid5986606 He observed general rioting and looting in the C}{
\insrsid7738967\charrsid5986606 BD}{\insrsid992333\charrsid5986606  later that day.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid992333\charrsid5986606 Mr Mohammed Khan, }{\insrsid8397923\charrsid5986606 then Assi}{\insrsid992333\charrsid5986606 s
tant Commissioner Operations }{\insrsid7738967\charrsid5986606 of the }{\insrsid992333\charrsid5986606 Police went to Parliament House following news of the coup.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid7738967\charrsid5986606 When}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid992333\charrsid5986606 he left about 1}{\insrsid7738967\charrsid5986606  pm.}{\insrsid992333\charrsid5986606  he noticed}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid992333\charrsid5986606 broken glass at shops at Nasese Shopping Centre.}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid992333\charrsid5986606 He said that 1,300 people in Suva were later charge}{\insrsid8397923\charrsid5986606 d}{\insrsid992333\charrsid5986606  with stealing }{\insrsid8397923\charrsid5986606 on }{\insrsid992333\charrsid5986606 that day. }{
\insrsid7738967\charrsid5986606 T}{\insrsid992333\charrsid5986606 here had been no reports of looting before the }{\insrsid7738967\charrsid5986606 coup}{\insrsid992333\charrsid5986606 .
\par }{\insrsid3499887\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid10827835\charrsid5986606 [}{\insrsid12076210\charrsid5986606 41}{\insrsid992333\charrsid5986606 ]\tab The security tape at Tappoo}{\insrsid3499887\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\insrsid10247281\charrsid5986606 s shop,}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606 played at the trial}{\insrsid3499887\charrsid5986606 ,}{\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606  showed that the break}{\insrsid12076210\charrsid5986606 -}{\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606 in occurred at 12.}{
\insrsid6711955\charrsid5986606 49}{\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid10693563\charrsid5986606 The management}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606 closed the shop at}{\insrsid10693563\charrsid5986606 
 12.11, the staff left, }{\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606 and}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid6711955\charrsid5986606 the security alarm}{\insrsid10693563\charrsid5986606  was turned on.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid10693563\charrsid5986606 We inf}{
\insrsid3619020\charrsid5986606 er}{\insrsid10693563\charrsid5986606  that this happed because they had news of the coup}{\insrsid6711955\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606 Mr Datta}{\insrsid6711955\charrsid5986606 
, the Managing Director of Home}{\insrsid3499887\charrsid5986606 c}{\insrsid12076210\charrsid5986606 entre}{\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606 ,}{\insrsid6711955\charrsid5986606  heard of the coup }{\insrsid12076210\charrsid5986606 at }{
\insrsid6711955\charrsid5986606 about 11.30,}{\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606  and immediately made arrangements to close hi}{\insrsid12076210\charrsid5986606 s store.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid12076210\charrsid5986606 He observed the break-}{
\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606 in at Tappoo}{\insrsid12076210\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606 s }{\insrsid12076210\charrsid5986606 store }{\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606 and reported it to the Police.}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606 He said that he had not seen anything }{\insrsid3499887\charrsid5986606 before }{\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606 like the looting}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606 in Suva}{\insrsid3499887\charrsid5986606 
 that day}{\insrsid2108601 .}{\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\insrsid10827835\charrsid5986606 [}{\insrsid12076210\charrsid5986606 42}{\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606 ]\tab 
The Police incidents register at Suva for 19 May was }{\insrsid3499887\charrsid5986606 i}{\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606 n evidence.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606 
A report of the coup was received at 10.30 and the first report of looting, to a shop a}{\insrsid6711955\charrsid5986606 t Nasese, was received at 11.28.}{\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid3499887\charrsid5986606 A}{\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606 
n attempted break in at a shop at Rewa S}{\insrsid6711955\charrsid5986606 treet was reported at 12.15}{\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606 , and the break in at }{\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606 T}{\insrsid6711955\charrsid5986606 appoos at 12.50.}{
\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606 There had}{\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606  also been other}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid6711955\charrsid5986606 reports of lawlessness at 11.35}{\insrsid13772446\charrsid5986606 ; 11.40;}{
\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606  12.42}{\insrsid13772446\charrsid5986606 ;}{\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606  and 12.45}{\insrsid12076210\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606 Reports of break}{\insrsid13772446\charrsid5986606 
 }{\insrsid12076210\charrsid5986606 -}{\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606  ins}{\insrsid12076210\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606 or fires at other shop}{\insrsid12076210\charrsid5986606 
s were reported at 14.13; 14.15; 14.18; 14.22; 14.24; 14.27; 14.30; 14.33; 14.35;}{\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606  1}{\insrsid13772446\charrsid5986606 4.49;}{\insrsid12076210\charrsid5986606  (at Vanua House) at 14.53; 14.55; 14.57;}{
\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606  14.59, (at Ratu}{\insrsid12076210\charrsid5986606  Cakobau House}{\insrsid13772446\charrsid5986606 )}{\insrsid12076210\charrsid5986606  at 15.00}{\insrsid13772446\charrsid5986606 ;}{\insrsid12076210\charrsid5986606 
 15.03; 15.05; }{\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606 15.0}{\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606 9}{\insrsid12076210\charrsid5986606 ;}{\insrsid945085\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15365753\charrsid5986606 15.16}{\insrsid12076210\charrsid5986606 ,}{
\insrsid15365753\charrsid5986606  (at Suva Markets}{\insrsid13772446\charrsid5986606 ); at}{\insrsid12076210\charrsid5986606  15.40; 15.50; 16.23; 16.28;}{\insrsid15365753\charrsid5986606  17.02}{\insrsid13772446\charrsid5986606 ;}{
\insrsid15365753\charrsid5986606  and 17.30.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15365753\charrsid5986606 Inciden}{\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606 ts}{\insrsid15365753\charrsid5986606  continued to be reported but there is no need to set out}{
\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid10693563\charrsid5986606 further }{\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606 details}{\insrsid15365753\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15365753\charrsid5986606 Persons are recorded as having be}{
\insrsid16205943\charrsid5986606 en}{\insrsid15365753\charrsid5986606  brought in under arrest}{\insrsid12076210\charrsid5986606  for pr}{\insrsid13772446\charrsid5986606 operty offences at 13.13; 13.26;}{\insrsid12076210\charrsid5986606  13.30;}{
\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid13772446\charrsid5986606 1}{\insrsid12076210\charrsid5986606 3.50;}{\insrsid15365753\charrsid5986606  and 16.28.
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid15365753\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid10827835\charrsid5986606 [}{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 43}{\insrsid15365753\charrsid5986606 ]\tab The records of the National Fire Authority Suva for 19 May tell a similar story.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15365753\charrsid5986606 
No incidents were recorded until 13.30 when a fire at }{\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606 a}{\insrsid15365753\charrsid5986606  shop in Waimanu Road was reported}{\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid7998072\charrsid5986606 
Further fire calls were received}{\insrsid12076210\charrsid5986606  at 14.09; }{\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606 14.}{\insrsid1471154\charrsid5986606 2}{\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606 0(2)}{\insrsid12076210\charrsid5986606 ; 14.49;}{
\insrsid1471154\charrsid5986606  (}{\insrsid13772446\charrsid5986606 at}{\insrsid1471154\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 GPO}{\insrsid13772446\charrsid5986606 ); 15,00;}{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606  15.30; 15.45;}{
\insrsid13772446\charrsid5986606  15.48;}{\insrsid1471154\charrsid5986606 15.50}{\insrsid13772446\charrsid5986606 ;}{\insrsid1471154\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 and }{\insrsid1471154\charrsid5986606 17.}{
\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 24.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 Incidents continued to be reported but there is no need to set out }{\insrsid10693563\charrsid5986606 further}{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606  details.}{
\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 Fires in shops ha}{\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606 d}{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606  also been }{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 
reported to the police at 14.13; 14.15; 14.27; 14.30; 14.33; 15.03; 15.05; 15.50;}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid2108601 and 17.30.}{\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid10827835\charrsid5986606 [}{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 44}{\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606 ]\tab }{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 There is no evidence that these incidents were pre}{\insrsid10693563\charrsid5986606 -}{
\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 arranged }{\insrsid10693563\charrsid5986606 or planned }{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 and}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 there was no evidence, as the trial Judge h}{
\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606 eld}{\insrsid6711955\charrsid5986606 ,}{\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606  that}{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606  they had been }{\insrsid6711955\charrsid5986606 instigated}{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 
 by Mr George Speight and his confederates.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 The number }{\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606 and widespread }{\insrsid6711955\charrsid5986606 nature of}{\insrsid12537157\charrsid5986606  the incidents}{
\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid10693563\charrsid5986606 including}{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606  the attacks on public buildings}{\insrsid10693563\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 
and the miscellaneous acts of violence and lawlessness suggest a single cause.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 There was no evidence that a host of s}{\insrsid12537157\charrsid5986606 eparate}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 causes happen}{\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606 ed}{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 , by chance, to provoke all these inciden}{\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606 ts}{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 .}{
\insrsid12537157\charrsid5986606 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\insrsid10827835\charrsid5986606 [}{\insrsid10693563\charrsid5986606 4}{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 5}{\insrsid12537157\charrsid5986606 ]
\tab }{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 There were 2 unusual events that day}{\insrsid12537157\charrsid5986606  before the rioting }{\insrsid10693563\charrsid5986606 and looting }{\insrsid12537157\charrsid5986606 broke out}{
\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 , }{\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606 the p}{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 rotest }{\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606 m}{\insrsid12537157\charrsid5986606 arch, and the Speight c}{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 oup.}{
\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 The trial Judge found that the marchers were}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 not}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 involved}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 in}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 the rioting}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 and}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 looting}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 and}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 on}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 the}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 evidence}{\insrsid13924673\charrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 the great majority went from Government House, wher}{\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606 e}{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606  they heard the news, to Parliament House.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 
This was the third of such marches, each larger than the first, but the earlier }{\insrsid12537157\charrsid5986606 ones}{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606  had not led}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 to }{
\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606 outbreaks}{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606  of lawlessness.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606 T}{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 he march }{\insrsid10693563\charrsid5986606 
assembled about 8.30 and the }{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 marchers move}{\insrsid5380547\charrsid5986606 d}{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606  through the }{\insrsid10693563\charrsid5986606 CBD}{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606  to Gov}{
\insrsid2108601 ernment House without incident.}{\insrsid3619020\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid3619020\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 [46}{\insrsid3619020\charrsid5986606 ]\tab }{\insrsid10693563\charrsid5986606 The people of Suva, including the police, had known about the march for some time.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid10693563\charrsid5986606 
This did not stop them going to work, and it did not stop the shopkeepers in the CBD opening their shops.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid10693563\charrsid5986606 There was business as usual before and after the marchers had passed through.}{\insrsid5986606  
}{\insrsid10693563\charrsid5986606 Their confidence was justified, and, as had been the case with the earlier marches, there was no breakdown of law and order until after the coup. }{\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606 There is no reason for}{
\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 thinking}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid5380547\charrsid5986606 that }{\insrsid10693563\charrsid5986606 the march itself }{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 was a cause of the break}{
\insrsid5380547\charrsid5986606 d}{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 own of}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15870230\charrsid5986606 law and order}{\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid15954908\charrsid5986606 and}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid12537157\charrsid5986606 an indirect }{\insrsid15954908\charrsid5986606 cause of the loss and damage suffered by the petitioners.
\par 
\par }{\insrsid8860203\charrsid5986606 [}{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 47}{\insrsid8860203\charrsid5986606 ]\tab The }{\insrsid8283725\charrsid5986606 only}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid8860203\charrsid5986606 other extraordinary event that day}{
\insrsid12537157\charrsid5986606 , before the rioting broke out, }{\insrsid8860203\charrsid5986606 was }{\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606 the }{\insrsid12537157\charrsid5986606 coup}{\insrsid8283725\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid8860203\charrsid5986606 Only 2 hours }{\insrsid12537157\charrsid5986606 e}{\insrsid8860203\charrsid5986606 lapsed between the coup and the riot at Tappoos}{\insrsid8283725\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid8283725\charrsid5986606 O}{
\insrsid8860203\charrsid5986606 ther shops had already been attacked }{\insrsid8283725\charrsid5986606 during that interval }{\insrsid8860203\charrsid5986606 at 11.28 and 12.15 and }{\insrsid12537157\charrsid5986606 four}{\insrsid8860203\charrsid5986606 
 other incidents of lawlessness had been reported to the Police at}{\insrsid2108601  11.35, 11.40. 12.42 and 12.45.}{\insrsid15954908\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid8860203\charrsid5986606 
\par [}{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 48}{\insrsid8860203\charrsid5986606 ]\tab The reaction of traders in the }{\insrsid12537157\charrsid5986606 C}{\insrsid8283725\charrsid5986606 BD}{\insrsid8860203\charrsid5986606  who gave evidence is instructive. }{
\insrsid14553989\charrsid5986606 They were open for business as usual before, during and after the march through the CBD.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid14553989\charrsid5986606 However w}{\insrsid8860203\charrsid5986606 
hen Mr Whippy of Carpenters and Mr Datta of Home}{\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606 c}{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 entre}{\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606  heard}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid8860203\charrsid5986606 of the coup they did not }{
\b\i\insrsid8860203\charrsid5986606 \'94take any chances}{\b\i\insrsid14553989\charrsid5986606 .}{\b\i\insrsid8860203\charrsid5986606 \'94}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid14553989\charrsid5986606 They}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid8860203\charrsid5986606 
took immediate steps to close their stores }{\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606 and send}{\insrsid8860203\charrsid5986606  their staff home.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid12537157\charrsid5986606 T}{\insrsid8860203\charrsid5986606 he surveillance }{
\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606 tape }{\insrsid14553989\charrsid5986606 from}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid8860203\charrsid5986606 the petitioners}{\insrsid11351356\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\insrsid8860203\charrsid5986606  shop}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid14553989\charrsid5986606 tells the same story.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid8860203\charrsid5986606 The perception of these businessmen }{\insrsid13649724\charrsid5986606 that the coup }{\insrsid8860203\charrsid5986606 could lead to trouble }{
\insrsid13649724\charrsid5986606 in the C}{\insrsid14553989\charrsid5986606 BD }{\insrsid13649724\charrsid5986606 is cogent evidence that it was a}{\insrsid14369710\charrsid5986606 n indirect}{\insrsid5380547\charrsid5986606  cause of the break}{
\insrsid13649724\charrsid5986606 down of law and order }{\insrsid14369710\charrsid5986606 and the loss and damage}{\insrsid13649724\charrsid5986606 .
\par 
\par }{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 [49}{\insrsid3170446\charrsid5986606 ]\tab Mr Jackson did not challenge the conclusion reached by the Court of Appeal that cl.1(a) of the policy with its reference to indirect as well a
s direct causes excluded the normal proximate cause principle.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid3170446\charrsid5986606 He submitted however that there was no evidence that the coup was an indirect cause of}{\insrsid3619020\charrsid5986606 
 the breakdown of law and order.}{\insrsid3170446\charrsid5986606 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid3619020\charrsid5986606 [}{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 50}{\insrsid3170446\charrsid5986606 ]\tab There was no evidence that the mar}{\insrsid7481326\charrsid5986606 c}{\insrsid3170446\charrsid5986606 hers who heard the news at Govern
ment House brought }{\insrsid3619020\charrsid5986606 the news}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid3170446\charrsid5986606 to the CBD, and no evidence that any of the looters at the petitioners\rquote  shop had heard the news.}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid3170446\charrsid5986606 There was c}{\insrsid7481326\charrsid5986606 ertainly no direct evidence of }{\insrsid3170446\charrsid5986606 this.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid3170446\charrsid5986606 The insurers }{\insrsid3619020\charrsid5986606 di}{
\insrsid3170446\charrsid5986606 d not call any of the }{\insrsid7481326\charrsid5986606 1,300 persons later charged with stealing to prove that they knew of the coup and h}{\insrsid3619020\charrsid5986606 ow}{\insrsid7481326\charrsid5986606 
 they found out.}{\insrsid3170446\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid7481326\charrsid5986606 
\par [}{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 51}{\insrsid7481326\charrsid5986606 ]\tab }{\insrsid14690013\charrsid5986606 He also submitted that the Court of Appeal had misapplied the statement of Mustill J. in }{\b\i\insrsid14690013\charrsid5986606 Spinney\rquote 
s}{\insrsid14690013\charrsid5986606  case [ para 15] that there }{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 com}{\insrsid14690013\charrsid5986606 es a point }{\b\i\insrsid14690013\charrsid5986606 \'93at which an event ceases to be a cause of the loss, a
nd becomes merely an item of history}{\insrsid14690013\charrsid5986606 .\'94}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid14690013\charrsid5986606 This he said was directed to determining when an event, which was a cause, became a cause no longer.}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid14690013\charrsid5986606 It did not establish how or when an event became a cause in the first place.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid14690013\charrsid5986606 We accept this submission, as far as it goes.}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid14690013\charrsid5986606 Perhaps Mustill J was only saying that two events may be so separated in time and space that one cannot be said to be a cause of the other.}{\insrsid7481326\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid14690013\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid3619020\charrsid5986606 [5}{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 2}{\insrsid14690013\charrsid5986606 ]\tab We have concluded that the march }{\insrsid3619020\charrsid5986606 alo}{\insrsid14690013\charrsid5986606 ne was not }{
\insrsid3619020\charrsid5986606 a}{\insrsid14690013\charrsid5986606  cause of the breakdown of law and orde}{\insrsid11409444\charrsid5986606 r.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid11409444\charrsid5986606 There is also no evidence, or}{
\insrsid14690013\charrsid5986606  plausible inference that the events rec}{\insrsid11409444\charrsid5986606 orded }{\insrsid14690013\charrsid5986606 by the Police and the Fire Department were the result of a }{\insrsid11409444\charrsid5986606 multiplicity
}{\insrsid14690013\charrsid5986606  of separate causes.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid14690013\charrsid5986606 The only other explanations for the breakdown of law and order are that this was a result of the coup, or the two events were just a coincidence.

\par }{\insrsid13924673\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\insrsid14690013\charrsid5986606 [5}{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 3}{\insrsid14690013\charrsid5986606 ]\tab 
Causation has been said by appellate courts to be largely}{\insrsid14558209\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid11409444\charrsid5986606 a }{\insrsid14558209\charrsid5986606 matter of common sens}{\insrsid14690013\charrsid5986606 e: }{
\b\i\ul\insrsid14690013\charrsid5986606 March v. E}{\b\i\ul\insrsid9271609\charrsid5986606 &}{\b\i\ul\insrsid14690013\charrsid5986606 MH Stramere Pty Ltd}{\insrsid14690013\charrsid5986606 . (1990) 171 CLR 506, 515.}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid14690013\charrsid5986606 This is especially true in a case such as this where questions of legal responsibility do not arise.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid14558209\charrsid5986606 The view that because }{\insrsid11409444\charrsid5986606 one}{
\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid14558209\charrsid5986606 event happened before another the earlier}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid14558209\charrsid5986606 was the cause of the later}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid14558209\charrsid5986606 
may be bad logic, but in a particular case it may be a good working }{\insrsid11409444\charrsid5986606 hypothesis}{\insrsid14558209\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid14558209\charrsid5986606 In our judgment the c}{
\insrsid13919678\charrsid5986606 ommon sense view is that the cou}{\insrsid14558209\charrsid5986606 p was the cat}{\insrsid2108601 al}{\insrsid14558209\charrsid5986606 y}{\insrsid11409444\charrsid5986606 st or }{\insrsid14558209\charrsid5986606 
cause of the breakdown of law and order}{\insrsid11409444\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid14558209\charrsid5986606 Contrary to the Jackson\rquote s submission we do not consider that }{\insrsid11409444\charrsid5986606 this is me}{
\insrsid14558209\charrsid5986606 re speculation.}{\insrsid14690013\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid14690013\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 [54}{\insrsid13919678\charrsid5986606 ]\tab Although there is no direct evidence that the news of the coup reached people i
n the CBD other than persons at the senior executive level there is sufficient circumstantial evidence.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid13919678\charrsid5986606 There is evidence that 7 substanti}{\insrsid11409444\charrsid5986606 al}{
\insrsid13919678\charrsid5986606  shops or stores were closed down and their staff sent home.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid13919678\charrsid5986606 The staff must have been told why they were being asked to }{\insrsid11409444\charrsid5986606 go home}{
\insrsid13919678\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid13919678\charrsid5986606 It is a reasonable inference that traders who had not heard the news would }{\insrsid11409444\charrsid5986606 ask}{\insrsid13919678\charrsid5986606  what was going on.
}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid13919678\charrsid5986606 Those passing by who did not know would also ask. }{\insrsid7481326\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid13919678\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 [55}{\insrsid13919678\charrsid5986606 ]\tab The attacks on the other shops and the other incident of lawlessness which occurred before the riot at Tappoos took place over a wide area}{\insrsid11409444\charrsid5986606 .}{
\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid11409444\charrsid5986606 An}{\insrsid13919678\charrsid5986606  inference that the news spread like wildfire is fairly open and not farfetched or f}{\insrsid11409444\charrsid5986606 anci}{\insrsid13919678\charrsid5986606 ful.

\par 
\par }{\insrsid3170446\charrsid5986606 [}{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 56}{\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 ]\tab In our judgment the respondent proved that when the rioting broke out}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 at the petitioners
\rquote  shop the insurrection had not become }{\b\i\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 \'93merely a matter of history\'94}{\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606  but was }{\insrsid15870607\charrsid5986606 causative}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid15870607\charrsid5986606 and }{\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 close enough in time }{\insrsid15870607\charrsid5986606 and }{\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 space }{\insrsid15870607\charrsid5986606 to be}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid13062185\charrsid5986606 an indirect }{\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 cause }{\insrsid13062185\charrsid5986606 of the }{\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 petitioners\rquote  loss and damage.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 We}{
\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 therefore}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 affirm}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 the}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 decision}{\insrsid5986606  
}{\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 of}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 the}{\insrsid10827835\charrsid5986606  C}{\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 ourt of Appeal on th}{\insrsid13062185\charrsid5986606 is}{\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 
 issue}{\insrsid13062185\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 and hold that the petitioners are not entitled to reco}{\insrsid13062185\charrsid5986606 ver under the policy because an}{\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 
 excluded event, namely an }{\insrsid9711411\charrsid5986606 \lquote }{\b\i\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 insurrection}{\b\i\insrsid9711411\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\b\i\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 , }{\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 
was an indirect cause of their loss and damage.
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid8858579\charrsid5986606 Insurance Law Reform Act 19}{\b\ul\insrsid4479515\charrsid5986606 96}{\b\ul\insrsid5986606  }{\b\ul\insrsid13649724\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid10827835\charrsid5986606 [}{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 57}{\insrsid4479515\charrsid5986606 ]\tab The petitioners}{\insrsid14504695\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 rely on section }{\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 
25 of this Act which they submit over}{\insrsid14504695\charrsid5986606 rides}{\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606  the exclusion clause in the circumstances of the present case.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 Section 25 }{
\insrsid14504695\charrsid5986606 pr}{\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 ovide}{\insrsid14504695\charrsid5986606 s}{\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 :
\par }{\insrsid14504695\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\b\i\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 \'9325 }{\b\i\insrsid14504695\charrsid5986606 Wh}{\b\i\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 ere \endash 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\i\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li1800\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid5986606 {
\b\i\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 T}{\b\i\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 he provisions of a contract of}{\b\i\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606  insurance }{\b\i\insrsid14504695\charrsid5986606 the }{\b\i\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 
circumstances in which the insurer is bound to indemnify the insured against loss are so defined as to exclude or limit the liability of the insurer to indemni}{\b\i\insrsid5446024\charrsid5986606 fy the insured on the happening}{
\b\i\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606  of certain events or on the existence of certain circumstances; and
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\i\insrsid8858579\charrsid5986606 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li1800\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid5986606 {
\b\i\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 In the view of the court \'85
 determining the claim of the insured the liability of the insurer has so been defined because the happening of such events or the existence of such circumstances was in the view of the insurer likely to increase the}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{
\b\i\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 risk of}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606 such loss occurring }{\b\i\insrsid8858579\charrsid5986606 \endash }{\b\i\insrsid8748708\charrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid8858579\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\insrsid8858579\charrsid2108601 
\par }\pard \ql \fi60\li1800\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\i\insrsid8858579\charrsid5986606 the insured shall }{\b\i\insrsid14504695\charrsid5986606 not be disentitled to be indemnified}{
\b\i\insrsid8858579\charrsid5986606  by the insurer by reason only of such provisions of}{\b\i\insrsid14504695\charrsid5986606  the}{\b\i\insrsid8858579\charrsid5986606  contract of insurance if the in
sured proves on the balance of probability that the loss in respect of which the insured seeks to be indemnified was not cause}{\b\i\insrsid14504695\charrsid5986606 d}{\b\i\insrsid8858579\charrsid5986606 
 or contributed to by the happening of such events or the existence of such circumstances.\'94}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid8860203\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid15954908\charrsid2108601 
\par }{\insrsid8858579\charrsid5986606 [}{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 58}{\insrsid8858579\charrsid5986606 ]\tab As the Court of Appeal held, but for the omission of the word \'93By\'94
 at the commencement of para. (a), this section is in the same terms as s.11 of the Insurance Law Reform Act 1977 (NZ).}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid8858579\charrsid5986606 Mr Daubney SC for the respondent, submitted }{\insrsid4479515\charrsid5986606 that}
{\insrsid8858579\charrsid5986606  s.25, as it stands, was meaningless, and incapable of application by the court.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid8858579\charrsid5986606 We}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid8858579\charrsid5986606 cannot agree.}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid8858579\charrsid5986606 The}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid14504695\charrsid5986606 conclusion that}{\insrsid8858579\charrsid5986606  s.25 was copied from s.11 of the New Zealand Act is compelling.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid8858579\charrsid5986606 
In these circumstan}{\insrsid14504695\charrsid5986606 ces there is no difficulty in a}{\insrsid8858579\charrsid5986606  court supplying the missing word by a process of construction.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid8858579\charrsid5986606 The relevant
 principles are those stated by Lord Diplock in }{\b\i\ul\insrsid8858579\charrsid5986606 Jones}{\b\i\ul\insrsid14504695\charrsid5986606  v.}{\b\i\ul\insrsid8858579\charrsid5986606  Wrotham Park }{\b\i\ul\insrsid14504695\charrsid5986606 Es}{
\b\i\ul\insrsid14115845\charrsid5986606 tates}{\insrsid14115845\charrsid5986606  [1980] AC 74 at 105-6:}{\insrsid10956064 
\par }{\insrsid2108601\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\i\insrsid14115845\charrsid5986606 \'93}{\b\i\insrsid14504695\charrsid5986606 \'85 }{\b\i\insrsid14115845\charrsid5986606 
the task on which a court of justice is engaged remains on}{\b\i\insrsid14504695\charrsid5986606 e of}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid14115845\charrsid5986606 construction; even where this involves reading into the Act words which are not expressl
y included in it. \'85 }{\b\i\insrsid14504695\charrsid5986606 t}{\b\i\insrsid14115845\charrsid5986606 hree conditions\'85 must be fulfilled in order to justify this }{\b\i\insrsid14504695\charrsid5986606 course}{\b\i\insrsid14115845\charrsid5986606 \'85}{
\b\i\insrsid14504695\charrsid5986606  t}{\b\i\insrsid14115845\charrsid5986606 hirdly, it [is] possible to state with certainty what were the additional words that would have been inserted by}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid14115845\charrsid5986606 the
}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid14115845\charrsid5986606 draftsman}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid14115845\charrsid5986606 and approved by Parliament had their }{\b\i\insrsid14504695\charrsid5986606 attention been}{
\b\i\insrsid14115845\charrsid5986606  drawn to the omission before the Bill passed into law.}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid14115845\charrsid5986606 Unless this third condition is fulfilled any attempt by }{\b\i\insrsid9862700\charrsid5986606 a }{
\b\i\insrsid14115845\charrsid5986606 court of justice to repair the omission in the Act cannot be justified as an exercise of its jurisdiction to determine what is the meaning of}{\b\i\insrsid9862700\charrsid5986606  a }{
\b\i\insrsid14115845\charrsid5986606 written law which Parliament has passed.}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{\b\i\insrsid14115845\charrsid5986606 Such an attempt crosses the boundary between construction and legislation.}{\b\i\insrsid5986606  }{
\b\i\insrsid14115845\charrsid5986606 It becomes a usurpation of a function which under the constitution of this country is}{\b\i\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606  vested in the legislature to the exclusion of the courts.\'94}{
\b\i\insrsid14115845\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid9711411\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid9862700\charrsid5986606 [5}{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 9}{\insrsid9862700\charrsid5986606 ]}{\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606 \tab A simple example w}{\insrsid9862700\charrsid5986606 ill}{\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606 
 illustrate the mischief to which the }{\insrsid9862700\charrsid5986606 sections }{\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606 were directed, }{\insrsid9862700\charrsid5986606 and their }{\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606 operation.}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606 A typical motor vehicle damage policy provides that the insured is not entitled to }{\insrsid9862700\charrsid5986606 indemnity}{\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606  if the car was }{\insrsid9862700\charrsid5986606 being }{
\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606 driven by a person under the influence of intoxicat}{\insrsid9862700\charrsid5986606 ing liquor }{\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606 when the l}{\insrsid9862700\charrsid5986606 oss or}{\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606 
 damage occurred. The insured will almost certainly not be entitled to recover under the policy, despite the section,}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606 if the loss o}{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 r}{\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606 
 damage occurred while the vehicle was }{\insrsid9862700\charrsid5986606 in motion}{\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606  because he would not be able to prove, in terms of s.25(b) that the loss, }{\b\i\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606 \'93
was not caused or contributed to by }{\b\i\insrsid9862700\charrsid5986606 \'93 }{\insrsid9862700\charrsid5986606 th}{\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606 e drive}{\insrsid11162523\charrsid5986606 r\rquote }{\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606 s intoxicat}{
\insrsid9862700\charrsid5986606 ed }{\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606 condition.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606 If, h}{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 owever, the vehicle was stationa}{\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606 ry in }{
\insrsid9862700\charrsid5986606 a line of traffic or at }{\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606 traffic lights, and was struck from behind, the}{\insrsid9862700\charrsid5986606  insured will be able to prove }{\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606 that the loss was }
{\b\ul\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606 not}{\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606  caused or contributed to by }{\insrsid9862700\charrsid5986606 the driver\rquote s}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606 intoxicated condition}{
\insrsid9862700\charrsid5986606 , and the section will override the exclusion clause in the policy.}{\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid11340054\charrsid5986606 [}{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 60}{\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606 ]\tab This analysis demonstrates that the section cannot assist the petitioners. Under the subject policy the }{\insrsid11162523\charrsid5986606 
insurers have }{\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606 the onus of proving that the loss or damage was caused directly or indirectly by or resulted from an }{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 \lquote }{\b\i\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606 insurrection}{
\b\i\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\insrsid9862700\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606 It is clear}{\insrsid9862700\charrsid5986606 , both as a matter of common sense and}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606 from the cases referred to, that the liability of the }{\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 insurer}{\insrsid11162523\charrsid5986606 s}{\insrsid9862700\charrsid5986606  under}{\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606  this }{
\insrsid9862700\charrsid5986606 policy}{\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606  was defined as it was because the insurer}{\insrsid11162523\charrsid5986606 s}{\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606  }{\insrsid9862700\charrsid5986606 considered}{\insrsid5986606  }{
\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 that an }{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 \lquote }{\b\i\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 insurrection}{\b\i\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606  was likely to increase the}{
\insrsid11935849\charrsid5986606  risk of}{\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606  loss.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid11935849\charrsid5986606 The contrary was not argued.}{\insrsid3497819\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\insrsid11340054\charrsid5986606 [}{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 61}{\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 ]\tab We have held that the insurer}{
\insrsid11162523\charrsid5986606 s have}{\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606  discharge}{\insrsid11935849\charrsid5986606 d}{\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606  the onus, un
der the policy exclusion, of proving that the loss or damage was caused indirectly by the }{\insrsid13924673\charrsid5986606 \lquote }{\b\i\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 insurrection}{\b\i\insrsid13924673\charrsid5986606 \rquote }{
\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 Under}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 s.}{\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 25(b) the}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 petitioners
}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 had}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 the}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 onus of proving that their}{\insrsid2108601  }{\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 loss }{
\b\i\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 \'93was not caused or contributed to by\'94}{\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606  the }{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 \lquote }{\b\i\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 insurrection}{\b\i\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 
\rquote }{\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 .}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid11935849\charrsid5986606 We can see no distinction between an event which caused or contributed to a loss, and an event which directly or indirectly caused that loss.}{
\insrsid4479515\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid4479515\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\insrsid9908292\charrsid5986606 [62}{\insrsid4479515\charrsid5986606 ]\tab Mr Jackson submitted that the onus on the petitioners under s.25(b) was discharged because they had established that the coup was not the proximate cause of their loss or damage.
}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid4479515\charrsid5986606 We do not agree.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid4479515\charrsid5986606 The onus on the petitioners was to prove a negative that is to prove that there was no causation and no contribution.}{
\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid4479515\charrsid5986606 Thus they had to prove that there was no causation, direct or indirect.
\par 
\par }{\insrsid13924673\charrsid5986606 [63}{\insrsid4479515\charrsid5986606 ]\tab }{\insrsid11935849\charrsid5986606 The petitioners could not }{\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 discharge}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 
their negative onus }{\insrsid11935849\charrsid5986606 under s.25(b) where }{\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 the insurer}{\insrsid11935849\charrsid5986606 s}{\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606  ha}{\insrsid11935849\charrsid5986606 d}{
\insrsid11162523\charrsid5986606  discharged}{\insrsid11935849\charrsid5986606  their positive onus }{\insrsid11162523\charrsid5986606 under the }{\insrsid11935849\charrsid5986606 exclusion clause of proving }{\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 
the opposite.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 The appeal therefore fails.}{\insrsid5986606  }{\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 We make the following orders:
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid5986606 {
\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 Special leave granted.}{\insrsid16216079 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\insrsid2108601\charrsid5986606 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid5986606 {
\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 Appeal dismissed with costs.
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\insrsid10956064\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \qc \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\b\insrsid8149161\charrsid5986606 Hon }{\b\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 Justice Daniel Fatiaki
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 President of Supreme Court
\par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\b\insrsid2108601 
\par }\pard \qc \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\b\insrsid8149161\charrsid5986606 Hon }{\b\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 Justice Kenneth Handley
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 Judge of Supreme Court
\par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\b\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 
\par }\pard \qc \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\b\insrsid8149161\charrsid5986606 Hon }{\b\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 Justice Michael Scott,
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 Judge of Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5986606 {\b\ul\insrsid14646807\charrsid5986606 
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid16216079\charrsid5986606 Solicitors:
\par }{\insrsid16216079\charrsid2108601 
\par }{\insrsid8149161\charrsid2108601 Howards, Suva }{\insrsid16216079\charrsid2108601 for the Petitioners
\par }{\insrsid8149161\charrsid2108601 Messrs. Young and Associates, Lautoka }{\insrsid16216079\charrsid2108601 for the Respondent
\par 
\par }\pard \qr \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2108601 {\insrsid16216079\charrsid2108601 CBV0003U.05S
\par }}