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{\*\generator Microsoft Word 10.0.6775;}{\info{\title IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI ISLANDS}{\author Usha}{\operator blake_r}{\creatim\yr2006\mo5\dy29\hr11\min27}{\revtim\yr2006\mo5\dy29\hr11\min27}{\printim\yr2005\mo11\dy3\hr13\min50}{\version2}{\edmins3}
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\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI ISLANDS
\par AT SUVA
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10429448 {\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10429448 {\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. CAV0002 of 2005S}{\fs24\insrsid5838391\charrsid10429448 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 (Fiji}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 Court}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 of Appeal No. AAU0003 of}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{
\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 2004S)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10429448 {\fs24\insrsid6318860\charrsid10429448 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10429448 {\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 BETWEEN:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10429448 {\fs24\insrsid10429448 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10429448 {\b\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 SEREMAIA BAILALA
\par }{\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 Petitioner
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10429448 {\fs24\insrsid5838391\charrsid10429448 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10429448 {\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 AND:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10429448 {\fs24\insrsid10429448 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10429448 {\b\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 THE STATE
\par }{\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 Respondent
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10429448 {\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 
\par Coram:}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 The Hon Justice Daniel Fatiaki, President of}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 Supreme Court
\par The Rt Hon Justice Thomas Gault, Judge}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 of Supreme Court
\par The Hon Justice Kenneth Handley, Judge of Supreme Court
\par 
\par Hearing:}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 Tuesday, 12 October 2005, Suva
\par 
\par Counsel:}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 Petitioner in Person
\par Mr R. Gibson and Mr D. Gounder for the Respondent
\par 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid10429448 Date of }{\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 Judgment}{\fs24\insrsid10429448 : }{\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 Friday, 21 October}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 2005, Suva
\par }{\fs24\insrsid5838391\charrsid10429448 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10429448 {\b\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 REASONS FOR}{\b\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\b\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 
JUDGMENT ON PETITION FOR SPECIAL LEAVE TO APPEAL
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10429448 {\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10429448 {\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 [1]\tab These are the reasons for the dismissal of the petition for spe
cial leave to appeal which the Court announced at the end of the hearing.
\par 
\par [2]\tab The petitioner was convicted on one count of wrongful confinement and three counts of rape after trial in the Magistrate\rquote s Court at Suva.
\par }{\fs24\insrsid294228\charrsid10429448 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 [3]\tab }{\fs24\insrsid5053098\charrsid10429448 The material evidence was}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid5053098\charrsid10429448 that of the complainant who said she was a}{
\fs24\insrsid16062203\charrsid10429448 ccos}{\fs24\insrsid5053098\charrsid10429448 ted by a man with a }{\fs24\insrsid5838391\charrsid10429448 cane }{\fs24\insrsid5053098\charrsid10429448 knife while she was walking in the Colo-i-Suva Forest Park.}{
\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid5053098\charrsid10429448 She was forcefully taken to a secluded place where she was confined overnight and raped three times.}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid5053098\charrsid10429448 
She emerged in a distressed state in the morning.}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid5053098\charrsid10429448 Medical evidence was given of injuries consistent with assault and of the presence of spermatozoa in a smear taken from her vagina.}{
\fs24\insrsid4017900\charrsid10429448 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid5053098\charrsid10429448 
\par [4]\tab The petitioner was interviewed by the police the same day and signed a statement confessing to the allegations.}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid5053098\charrsid10429448 
The next day the petitioner was identified by the complainant at a police identity parade.
\par 
\par [5]\tab In the course of the trial the petitioner denied any involvement}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid5053098\charrsid10429448 and claimed}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid5053098\charrsid10429448 that his }{
\fs24\insrsid294228\charrsid10429448 caution }{\fs24\insrsid5053098\charrsid10429448 statement to the police was false and had not been voluntary.}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid5053098\charrsid10429448 
He gave evidence of being in town over the relevant period and of threats from th}{\fs24\insrsid16062203\charrsid10429448 e police that he would be beaten}{\fs24\insrsid5053098\charrsid10429448  as he }{\fs24\insrsid5838391\charrsid10429448 alleged he }{
\fs24\insrsid5053098\charrsid10429448 had been previously.}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid5053098\charrsid10429448 He called t}{\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448 hree witnesses who gave little }{\fs24\insrsid5053098\charrsid10429448 support t
}{\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448 o }{\fs24\insrsid5053098\charrsid10429448 the claim that the petitioner was threatened with beating.}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid5053098\charrsid10429448 
The police officers denied the use of force and maintained the statement was given voluntarily.
\par }{\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448 
\par [6]\tab The Magistrate found the evidence of the complainant (who was cross-examined on behalf of the petitioner by counsel representing him at that sta}{\fs24\insrsid3737391\charrsid10429448 g}{\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448 e) 
as to identification of the petitioner of }{\b\i\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448 \'93very high quality\'94}{\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448  and accepted it.}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448 
He rejected the petitioner\rquote s evidence that he was elsewhere at the material time.
\par }{\fs24\insrsid294228\charrsid10429448 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448 [7]\tab The Magistrate, although recognising he could convict on the uncorroborated evidence of the complainant, found corroboration in certain evidence of the complainant\rquote 
s condition and demeanour and aspects of her account of what occurred.}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448 On that basis he found the charges proved.}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448 
He went on however to find the petitioner\rquote s caution statement to have been made voluntarily and that this also corroborated the complainant\rquote s evidence.}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448 
The case was committed to the High Court for sentencing.
\par }{\fs24\insrsid6318860\charrsid10429448 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448 [8]\tab In the Court of Appeal it was held that the Magistrate had erred in finding as corroborative of the complainant\rquote s evidence}{\fs24\insrsid294228\charrsid10429448 ,}{
\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448  facts which did not link the petitioner with the offending.}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448 The Court was satisfied however}{\fs24\insrsid294228\charrsid10429448 ,}{
\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448  that there was}{\fs24\insrsid11930041\charrsid10429448 ,}{\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448  in light of the confession and the evidence overall, no substantial miscarriage of justice and dismissed t
he appeal against conviction.
\par 
\par [9]\tab The Court of Appeal went on in its judgment to review the law relating to corroboration in cases of rape and other sexual offences.}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448 It ruled that, as in the law generally, it would}{
\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448 henceforth be}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448 a matter }{\fs24\insrsid294228\charrsid10429448 of}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{
\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448 discretion for a judge to give a warning or caution wher}{\fs24\insrsid5838391\charrsid10429448 e}{\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448 
 there is some particular aspect of the evidence giving rise to a question of reliability.
\par }{\fs24\insrsid294228\charrsid10429448 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448 [10]\tab The petition to this Court for special leave to appeal was directed primarily to }{\fs24\insrsid294228\charrsid10429448 the }{\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448 voluntarin}{
\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448 ess}{\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448  of the }{\fs24\insrsid294228\charrsid10429448 petitioner\rquote s }{\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448 caution statement.}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{
\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448 This was added to wi}{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448 th grounds asserting breach of }{\fs24\insrsid294228\charrsid10429448 his }{\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448 
fundamental rights leading to an unfair trial and insufficiency of the evidence against him.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448 [11]\tab There w}{\fs24\insrsid16062203\charrsid10429448 as}{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448  tendered to us a medical certificate indicating treatment of the petitioner}{
\fs24\insrsid294228\charrsid10429448 ,}{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid16062203\charrsid10429448 over a period from}{\fs24\insrsid11930041\charrsid10429448  December 1996 to May 1998}{\fs24\insrsid294228\charrsid10429448 ,}{
\fs24\insrsid11930041\charrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448 for broken bones in his arm and leg}{\fs24\insrsid16062203\charrsid10429448 .}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448 His submission }{
\fs24\insrsid16062203\charrsid10429448 w}{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448 as that those injuries had been inflicted by the police and it was through threats and fear that similar mistreatment would be suffered}{\fs24\insrsid294228\charrsid10429448 
 again,}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448 that }{\fs24\insrsid16062203\charrsid10429448 he made }{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448 the false statement to the police in 2002.}{\fs24\insrsid16729257\charrsid10429448 

\par 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448 [12]\tab The petitioner\rquote s evidence with reference to being poked with a stick, pushed and having his false teeth broken might have indicated that he was claiming to have been assaulted at the time he
 made the statement.}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448 Overall however hi}{\fs24\insrsid294228\charrsid10429448 s evidence was reasonably clear}{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448 
 and consistent with the stance he has maintained subsequently, that he was not assaulted by the officers to whom he made his statement. His claim is that his experience of some five or six years before g}{\fs24\insrsid16062203\charrsid10429448 a}{
\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448 ve rise to}{\fs24\insrsid16062203\charrsid10429448  fear that induced him to make the}{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448  false}{\fs24\insrsid16062203\charrsid10429448  (though }{
\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448 detailed}{\fs24\insrsid16062203\charrsid10429448 )}{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448  statement.
\par }{\fs24\insrsid4004666\charrsid10429448 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448 [13]\tab There is no evidence before the Court that the injuries suffered }{\fs24\insrsid294228\charrsid10429448 by the petitioner}{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448  in 19}{
\fs24\insrsid5838391\charrsid10429448 9}{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448 6 were caused by police or were inflicted}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448 to}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448 
force}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid5838391\charrsid10429448 a}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448 confession.}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448 The}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{
\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448 evidence of the policemen to whom the statement was made that i}{\fs24\insrsid294228\charrsid10429448 t}{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448  was not made under threat or force}{
\fs24\insrsid294228\charrsid10429448 ,}{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448  was accepted by the Magistrate.}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448 
There is no basis for this Court to disturb the finding that the statement was made voluntarily.
\par }{\fs24\insrsid6318860\charrsid10429448 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448 [14]\tab Once the statement is accepted}{\fs24\insrsid16062203\charrsid10429448 ,}{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448  it provides support for the complainant\rquote s evidence.}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{
\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448 Also, in its terms, it records acknowledgements by the petitioner t}{\fs24\insrsid11930041\charrsid10429448 hat he was informed on more than}{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448  one occasion of his rights}{
\fs24\insrsid16062203\charrsid10429448 ,}{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448  including the right}{\fs24\insrsid16062203\charrsid10429448 s}{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448  to}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448 
remain silent and to contact a }{\fs24\insrsid2630613\charrsid10429448 lawyer.}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid2630613\charrsid10429448 He was assisted by a l}{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448 awyer for the cross-examina}{
\fs24\insrsid2630613\charrsid10429448 tion of }{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448 the complainant before she returned}{\fs24\insrsid2630613\charrsid10429448  to her home overseas.}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{\fs24\insrsid2630613\charrsid10429448 
He applied for}{\fs24\insrsid16062203\charrsid10429448 ,}{\fs24\insrsid2630613\charrsid10429448  but was refused}{\fs24\insrsid16062203\charrsid10429448 ,}{\fs24\insrsid2630613\charrsid10429448  further legal aid.}{\fs24\insrsid10429448  }{
\fs24\insrsid2630613\charrsid10429448 His subsequent lack of legal representation was reviewed fully by the Court of Appeal and we find no error in the reasoning of the Court on that issue.}{\fs24\insrsid15096221\charrsid10429448 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid2630613\charrsid10429448 
\par [15]\tab Our review of the case in the light of the grounds advanced in support of the petition satisfy us that it is not a case in which special leave should be granted in terms of }{\b\i\fs24\insrsid3552513\charrsid10429448 S}{
\b\i\fs24\insrsid2630613\charrsid10429448 ection 7}{\fs24\insrsid2630613\charrsid10429448  of the }{\b\i\fs24\insrsid2630613\charrsid10429448 Supreme Court Act}{\b\i\fs24\insrsid3670096\charrsid10429448  1988.}{\b\i\fs24\insrsid2630613\charrsid10429448 

\par }{\fs24\insrsid3670096\charrsid10429448 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\qc \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10429448 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid3552513\charrsid10429448 Hon. Justice Daniel Fatiaki
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid3552513\charrsid10429448 President of Supreme Court
\par }{\insrsid3552513\charrsid10429448 
\par }{\b\insrsid3552513\charrsid10429448 Rt}{\b\insrsid10429448  }{\b\insrsid3552513\charrsid10429448 Hon Justice Thomas Gault
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid3552513\charrsid10429448 Judge of Supreme Court
\par }{\b\insrsid3552513\charrsid10429448 
\par Hon. Justice Kenneth Handley
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid3552513\charrsid10429448 Judge of Supreme Court
\par }\pard \s17\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10429448 {\b\insrsid3552513\charrsid10429448 
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid3552513\charrsid10429448 Solicitors:
\par }{\insrsid3552513\charrsid10429448 
\par Petitioner in Person
\par Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions, Suva for the Respondent
\par 
\par }\pard \s17\qr \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10429448 {\insrsid3552513\charrsid10429448 CAV0002.05S
\par }}