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\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI ISLANDS \par AT SUVA \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7540947\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6304577\charrsid13502456 C}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13833946\charrsid13502456 IVIL APPEAL NO.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 CBV0008 of 2003S \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6304577\charrsid13502456 (Fiji}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6304577\charrsid13502456 Court}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 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FORCES}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14701561\charrsid13502456 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 THE MINISTER OF HOME AFFAIRS}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14701561\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF FIJI \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Respondents \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par Coram:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6304577\charrsid13502456 H}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 on Chief Justice Daniel Fatiaki, President of Supreme Court \par Hon Justice Sir Kenneth Keith, Judge of Supreme Court \par Hon Justice Robert French, Judge of Supreme Court \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7540947\charrsid13502456 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Hearing:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6177803\charrsid13502456 Friday, 17th}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 September 2004, Suva \par \par Counsel:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Mr S}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1332709\charrsid13502456 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 R}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1332709\charrsid13502456 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Valenitabua, for the Petitioners \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7097202\charrsid13502456 Mr Tuinao}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 sara, for the First Respondent \par Mr K}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1332709\charrsid13502456 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 V}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1332709\charrsid13502456 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Keteca, for the Second and Third Respondents \par (who made no submissions) \par Mr B}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7895578\charrsid13502456 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Solanki, as Amicus Curiae \par \par Date of Judgment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7097202\charrsid13502456 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Friday, 1}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10048231\charrsid13502456 0}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6177803\charrsid13502456 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 September 2004, Suva \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7540947\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 REASONS FOR JUDGMENT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7540947\charrsid13502456 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Introduction \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7540947\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Eight soldiers, members of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11220877 (}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456\charrsid11220877 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11220877 RFMF}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456\charrsid11220877 "}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11220877 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 were arrested on 24 December 2002 and charged under military law with the murder of another soldier.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 They were taken into detention pending a Court Martial on those charges.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 They had already been charged with other offences arising out of events which had occurred in May 2000 and November 2000 and for which Courts Martial were pending.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Because of the delay in their trials on pending charges, they had been released by order of the High Court on the same day, 24 December 2002, on conditions including a requirement that they surrender to the Court Martial when it was convened. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7540947\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The soldiers challenged the validity of their detention under the murder charges which were laid on the very day that they were released by the High Court, arguing that they could not be tried under military law on those charges.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 They sought habeas corpus.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 However habeas corpus was refused in the High Court on the basis that military law did apply to the murder of another soldier.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The eight men then appealed to the Court of Appeal against the decision of the High Court but failed to comply with procedural requirements under the Rules of the Court of Appeal so that the appeal was deemed to be abandoned. They sought an extension of time within which to appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 That extension of time was refused by a single judge of the Court of Appeal.} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 They then sought special leave to appeal against that decision. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7540947\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 On 10 September 2004, the Court granted special leave, allowed the appeal and extended the time for lodging a fresh notice of appeal.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Our reasons for that decision follow.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10299308\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10299308\charrsid13502456 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Factual and Procedural History \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10299308\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 This case concerns eight members of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11220877 ,}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7097202\charrsid11220877 (\lquote RFMF}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456\charrsid11220877 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7097202\charrsid11220877 )}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7097202\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Corporals Railumu, Cakau and Alava, Lance Corporal Mills and Privates Namulo, Nawaqa, Sokiveta and Raivalu }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11220877 (}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456\charrsid11220877 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11220877 the petitioners}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456\charrsid11220877 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11220877 ). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7540947\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Following their alleged involvement in a mutiny at Queen Elizabeth Barracks in Suva on 2 November 2000, the petitioners, all members of Battalion Headquarters Company, Third Battalion, Fiji Infantry Regiment, were charged with mutiny, contrary to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11220877 section 31(2)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11220877 Army Act 1955 (UK)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 as applied in Fiji}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 in 1961 by the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11220877 Royal Fiji Military Forces Act (Cap 81) (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456\charrsid11220877 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11220877 RFMF Act}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456\charrsid11220877 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11220877 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The charge alleged that they took part with other soldiers in a mutiny to resist the lawful}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7097202\charrsid13502456 authority of Commodore Josaia V}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 oreqe Bainimarama, the Commander of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11220877 (}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456\charrsid11220877 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7097202\charrsid11220877 the Commander}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456\charrsid11220877 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11220877 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 They were remanded, by the Commanding Officer of the Third Fiji Infantry Regiment, for trial by General Court Martial and were later taken into military custody on various dates in November 2000. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7540947\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 In June 2001, further charges were laid against the petitioners arising out of events in May and June 2000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 These related to their alleged participation, at the Parliament Complex in Suva, in the uprising and attempt to overthrow the elected government of the day.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 They were charged with offences in the following categories: \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11220877 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7540947\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 1.\tab Conspiracy to commit treason. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7540947\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 2.\tab Treason. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9113614\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 3.\tab Accessory after the fact to treason. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7540947\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 4.\tab Treason felony. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7540947\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 5.\tab Mutiny. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7540947\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 6.\tab Wrongfully confining abducted persons. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par Each of these charges was laid by a Captain Saladuadua.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Each of the Petitioners was remanded by his Commanding Officer for trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 It was not in dispute that they were remanded for trial by Court Martial.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The charges laid in June 2001 were evidently by way of an initiating process.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 They were relaid in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16253265\charrsid13502456 a different format in May 2002 and again in June 2004, the charges are now limited to Mutiny, Wrongfully Confining Abducted Persons and Accessory after the fact to Treason.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7809548\charrsid13502456 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7.\tab}}\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Six of the petitioners (including Corporal Cakau and Corporal Alava) applied to the High Court for a writ of }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 habeas corpus}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Civil Action No}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 HBM12 of 2002S}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 On 17 May 2002, Scott J refused that application and declined to release the men on bail under the provisions of the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid1141539 Bail Act 2000}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 His Honour was informed at the time by representatives of the RFMF that the men\rquote s Court Martial would proceed in late July or August 2002.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Scott J said: \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7809548\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 In my opinion I must balance the understandable wish of the applicants to be released now on bail to await trial in two to four months against the risk to the safety, stability and well being of our country.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Put this way I am entirely satisfied that to release the applicants on bail could be dangerous, at most unwise.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Accordingly, the applications are refused.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \i\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 8.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 On 4 September 2002, the petitioners were still in custody awaiting trial.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 They filed a motion on that day in the High Court seeking declarations that their detention was unlawful and in breach of their constitutional rights to have the cases heard within a reasonable time.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 They sought an order that they be released from detention on reasonable terms and conditions pending their trials.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The motions were filed }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13199486\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13199486\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 pursuant to the provisions of the High Court (Constitutional Redress) Rules 1998 and pursuant to Chapter}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 2 paragraph 13 of the Manual of Military Law}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13199486\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 9.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 In an affidavit in support of the motion Corporal Railumu said that he and the other Petitioners had been held in Suva Prison for almost 22 months awaiting their Court Martial trials.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 They had not been told when the Court Martial would be convened.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 He asserted that they were being held under }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 close arrest}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 for the purposes of the Manual of Military Law which prescribed a limit of 72 days for both open and close arrests in the event that a Court Martial was not convened within that time.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13199486\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 10.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Affidavits in reply were filed by various military officers.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The delay in bringing the petitioners to trial within the time indicated in the original habeas corpus proceedings before Scott J was explained in the affidavit of Colonel Naivalurua, the Commander Land Forces of the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11220877 RFMF}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 He said that a General Court Martial then underway for what he described as }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 the first group of alleged mutineers}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 would be completed at the end of October 2002.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 He said that the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11220877 RFMF}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 had done its best to complete the General Court Martial well before July 2002.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 That it had been unable to do so was unforeseen and beyond the control of the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11220877 RFMF}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 and the General Court Martial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Other affidavits by military officers referred to the lengthy process of taking statements from the petitioners themselves and from many other witnesses in the presence of the petitioners.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9113614\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 11.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 It appeared from the affidavit of Colonel Naivalaurua that the President of the Republic had made an Order on 15 April 2002 directing that a number of officers and soldiers, including the Petitioners, be held in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 close arrest}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 for a period in excess of 72 days pending the convening of their trials by General Court Martial for the charges then preferred against them.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 It was not clear on what legal basis the men had been held up to that time.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 In an affidavit in reply, Corporal Railumu challenged the authority of the President to make such an order.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The Order was said by Colonel Naivalaurua to have been made in accordance with Rule 6 of the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid1141539 Rules of Procedure (Army) 1972}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 , Manual of Military Law and paragraph 6.047 of the Queen\rquote s Regulations for the Army 1975.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 It was further asserted in a later affidavit by Colonel Naivalaurua that the Petitioners posed }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456\charrsid1141539 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid1141539 a real threat to the RFMF and the nation}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456\charrsid1141539 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid1141539 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13199486\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 12.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Jitoko J heard the petitioners\rquote motion on 18 December 2002 and, on 24 December 2002, made an order that they }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456\charrsid1141539 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid1141539 be released from detention with conditions}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456\charrsid1141539 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid1141539 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 His Honour set out stringent residential, curfew, reporting and other conditions restricting movement and communications by the petitioners.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 He directed that on the morning of the General Court Martial they were to surrender themselves to the Commanding Officer of the Army Training Groups Camp at Nasinu.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13199486\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 13.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 His Honour found that the continuing detention of the petitioners was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 close arrest}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 for 24 months without a trial and was in breach of their constitutional rights.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The rights were those referred to in section 29(3) and section 28(1)(a) of the Constitution asserting respectively the right of a person charged with an offence to hav e the case determined within a reasonable time and the right of persons charged with offences to the presumption of innocence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 His Honour said:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7097202\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \i\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9113614\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The applicants have been in detention awaiting trial for some 25 months as of today.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 No country that calls itself civilised, let alone democratic, can possibly allow this situation to continue.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 It is an intolerable situation.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 While they may have been charged with serious offences against the State their rights as individuals and citizens o f this country cannot be ignored simply because the system is not able to bring them to trial early; Or that there are unsubstantiated reports linking them to further disturbance that has happened recently.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7895578\charrsid13502456 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 A sealed copy of the Order of Jitoko J was served on the Director of Legal Services, RFMF at Queen Elizabeth Barracks on 24 December}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 2002.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 On the same day however the men were each charged with the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7097202\charrsid13502456 M}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 urder of Simione Rawailebu on 2 November 2000 and were taken back into detention.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13199486\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 14.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 On 8 January 2003, the petitioners filed a notice of motion in the same proceedings, HBM 81 of 2002, seeking leave to make an application for an order of committal for contempt against the Commander, the Minister for Home Affairs and the Attorney-General. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 They contended that the respondents had failed to release them as ordered by the Court, that the new charges against them were baseless and were the respondents\rquote means of justifying their continuing detention.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The continuing detention, they argued, was in contempt of court. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13199486\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 15.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The ex parte motion came before Jitoko J on 10 January 2003 when counsel for the petitioners informed the Court that he sought to withdraw the contempt motion and file a motion for release on bail and for habeas corpus instead.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The Court gave leave to the petitioners to do that and directed that the fees paid on the motion were }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 to be transferred to the habeas corpus application}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13199486\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 16.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The petitioners filed an ex parte motion for the issue of a writ of habeas corpus on 20 January 2003 in a new civil proceeding, Habeas.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1644341\charrsid13502456 Corpus Action No HBM003J of 2003. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 On 30 January 2003, Jitoko J directed the issue of a writ of habeas corpus to the Commander requiring him to have the petitioners brought before the Court on 6 February 2003 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 ... with the day and cause of their being taken and detained, that the Court may examine and determine whether such cause [is] legal}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 " }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13199486\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 17.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 On 14 March 2003, for reasons which he then published, Jitoko J refused the application for habeas corpus and ordered that the parties bear their own costs.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 In substance his Honour held that the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11220877 Army Act 1955 (UK} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 ) applied mutatis mutandis to Fiji by operation of section 23 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 RFMF}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Act.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11220877 Section 70(1) of the Army Act 1955}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 made it an offence against that section to commit a civil offence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11220877 Section 70(4)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 excluded from the civil offences contravening }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11220877 section 70(1),}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 offences including treason, murder, manslaughter and treason felony.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 However, that exclusion was said by his Hono ur to be negated for Fiji, in the case of offences against the person of military personnel, by operation of the}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11220877 United Kingdom Forces (Jurisdiction of Colonial Courts) Order 1965.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 His Honour characterised the order as a regulation made under the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11220877 RFMF}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Act modifying the application of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11220877 Army Act 1955 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11220877 (UK).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13199486\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 18.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 For the preceding reasons the Court held that the Commander was empowered to charge a person who was the subject of m}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1329351\charrsid13502456 ilitary law for the offence of M}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 urder provided that the victim was also associated with the military.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The Commander had therefore discharged the burden of showing that the detention of the petitioners as and from 24 December 2002 was lawful.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 In any event, the petitioners had been brought before a Court Martial on 13 February 2003 in re spect of the earlier offences with which they had been charged.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The hearing in that Court Martial was continuing.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The petitioners evidently conceded, before his Honour, that their detention from 24 December 2002 had ceased to be unlawful on and from 13 February 2003. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13199486\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 19.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Although finding in favour of the Commander Jitoko J was critical of the conduct of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 RFMF}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 in laying new charges against the petitioners on the very day that the Court had ordered their release upon conditions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 His Honour found that on 24 December 2002 the petitioners had been re-arrested, charged with the new offence and continued in their detention.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Counsel for the Commander said the charge of murder against the petitioners had taken a long time to prepare as there were difficulties in locating and interviewing many witnesses.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The charges were ready to be laid during the proceedings in December 2002 but the Commander had not wished to appear disrespectful to the Court by laying them then.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The learned trial judge said: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6507935 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6507935 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The practice of laying fresh charges immediately following an Order of release is not new.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Be that as it may, this Court takes a very dim view indeed of such a practice.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Especially in situations where the new charge if laid together with the others, may not have had a discernable effect on the Order the Court had made.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Our system of justice cannot possibly condone a practice where the freedom of the individual is decided and curtailed by the arbitrariness of decisions of where and when new charges are to be laid following a judicial order for release.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 If need be, under this practice, prosecution if it so desires may proceed to frustrate Orders of Court by deliberately holding back additional Charges until released.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Such action effected an abuse and amounts to circumventing the}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 judicial}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150740\charrsid13502456 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 process.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 This, in the Court\rquote s view, is sailing very close to contempt.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 It cannot be allowed to continue especially in the light of the elaborate scheme of the protection afforded the individual under Chapter 4 of the Constitution.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 20.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The Order made by Jitoko J was not perfected until 9 May 2003.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 For that reason the time limited for filing an appeal from that decision expired on 30 June 2003.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 In the meantime a Court Martial to hear mutiny charges arising out of the events of 2 November 2000 was convened on 20 May 2003.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 It was adjourned to 14 July 2003 because of the proceedings in the High Court and the likelihood of an appeal.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 It appears from an affidavit filed in these proceedings and filed by Lieutenant Pacolo Luveni on 8 September 2004, that a General}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Court Martial of the petitioners has commenced.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 It is not clear from the record what happened to that Court Martial although the charges relating to the events of May 2000 are said to have been amended on 8 June 2004.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13858603\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 21.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The petitioners filed their notice of appeal against the decision of Jitoko J within time on 19 June 2003.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 However, their solicitor failed to file an affidavit of service within 7 days and by operation of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Order 17 Rule 2 of the Court of Appeal Rules}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 the appeal was deemed to be abandoned on 26 June 2003.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The Court Martial relating to the events of November 2000 was adjourned from 14 July 2003 to 5 November 2003 because of the pendency of the proposed appeal. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13858603\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 22.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 A second notice of appeal was filed by the petitioners on 25 July 2003 and an affidavit of service on 28 July 2003.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 On this occasion, however, the solicitor forgot to file a requisite application for security for costs within time and on 1 August 2003 the second appeal was }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1329351\charrsid13502456 also }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 deemed to be abandoned.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13858603\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 23.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 On 7 August 2003, the petitioners applied for an extension of time within which to file their appeal against the refusal of habeas corpus by Jitoko J.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 That application came on for hearing before Penlington JA, sitting alone as the Court of Appeal.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 His Honour took the view that an appeal, if successful, would not result in the grant of habeas corpus.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 That conclusion was based upon the fact that, at the time of the hearing before Jitoko J, the petitioners}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 were}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1329351\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 properly in detention from 13 February 2003 by reason of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150740\charrsid13502456 the commencement of their Court Martial in respect of the events of 19 May 2000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1329351\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13858603\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 24.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 On the underlying question as to the jurisdiction of the Courts Martial to try the petitioners for murder under }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 section 70 of the Army Act 1955 (UK) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 as applied in Fiji, his Honour said that it was open to the petitioners to challenge the jurisdiction of the Court Martial relating to that offence under }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Rule 36(1)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 of the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Rules of Procedure (Army) 1972}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The petitioners now seek leave to appeal against the decision of Penlington J. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7175975\charrsid13502456 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The Grounds of the Petition \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid161056\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 25.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The principal grounds upon which the petition is based are as follows: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid161056\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (a)\tab That the Learned Justice of the Court of Appeal erred in law and acted contrary to authority in failing to consider the ground that a General Court Martial had no jurisdiction to charge the Petitioners and try them for Murder by virtue of section 70(4) of the Army Act 1955 (UK) and to rule in the Petitioners\rquote favour. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (b)\tab That the Learned Justice of the Court of Appeal erred in law and contrary to authority in failing to consider that the members of the Court Martial were reluctant to be sworn-in and to address the issue of jurisdiction when the Petitioners asked them to.} {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 As a result the issue was put to the Fiji Court of Appeal for its determination. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (c)\tab That the Learned Justice of the Court of Appeal erred in law and contrary to authority in failing to consider the conflict which will arise between the Director of Public Prosecutions and the Director of Army Legal Services by virtue of Justice Jitoko \rquote s ruling aforesaid.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \i\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 It was asserted in the petition that the matters of law raised by these grounds w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7168273\charrsid13502456 ould affect the prosecution of M}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 urder, }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7168273\charrsid13502456 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 reason, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7168273\charrsid13502456 T}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 reason }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7168273\charrsid13502456 F}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 elony, }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7168273\charrsid13502456 M}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 isprision of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7168273\charrsid13502456 T}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 reason and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7168273\charrsid13502456 R}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 ape in Fiji and: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1329351\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (a)\tab questions of general legal importance \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (b)\tab substantial questions of principle affecting the administration of criminal justice in Fiji;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3681635\charrsid13502456 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Statutory Framework \endash Special Leave \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6843398\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 26.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Section 122}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7168273\charrsid13502456 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 1997 Constitution}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 provides, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 inter alia}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 :}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11674963\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 122(1)}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The Supreme Court has exclusive jurisdiction, subject to such requirements as the Parliament prescribes, to hear and determine appeals from all final judgments of the Court of Appeal. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (2)\tab An appeal may not be brought from a final judgment of the Court of Appeal unless: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (a)\tab the Court of Appeal gives leave to appeal on a question certified by it to be of significant public importance; or \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11674963\charrsid13502456 (b)\tab }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 the Supreme Court gives special leave to appeal.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \i\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11674963\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 27.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Supreme Court Act 1998}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 makes provision for criteria applicable to the grant of special leave.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Relevantly, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 sections 7(2)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14318512\charrsid13502456 & }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (3)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 of the Act provide: \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4552638\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (2)\tab In relation to a criminal matter, the Supreme Court must not grant special leave to appeal unless \endash \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (a)\tab a question of general legal importance is involved; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (b)\tab a substantial question of principle affecting the administration of criminal justice is involved; or \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (c)\tab substantial and grave injustice may otherwise occur. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4552638\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (3)\tab In relation to a civil matter (including a matter involving a constitutional question), the Supreme Court must not grant special leave to appeal unless the case raises \endash \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (a)\tab a far reaching question of law; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (b)\tab a matter of great general or public importance; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (c)\tab a matter that is otherwise of substantial general interest in the administration of civil justice.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3681635\charrsid13502456 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Statutory Framework \endash The Court of Appeal}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3681635\charrsid13502456 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 28.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Section 3(3)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Court of Appeal Act (Cap 12)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 as amended in 1998 provides that: \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \i\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7895578\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Appeals lie to the Court as of right from final judgments of the High Court given in the exercise of the original jurisdiction of the High Court.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7895578\charrsid13502456 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The powers of a Single Judge of Appeal in civil appeals are set out in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 section 20}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Court of Appeal Act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 and include the power: \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11220877 \i\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 To extend the time within which a notice of appeal or an application for leave to appeal may be given or within which any other matter or thing may be done;}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11220877 \i\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 A similar power is conferred by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 section 35(1}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4089294\charrsid13502456 ) (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 b)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 upon a Single Judge of Appeal in criminal matters which include appeals by leave against the grant or refusal of bail or conditions or limitations attaching to the grant of bail.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9113614\charrsid13502456 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 29.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Section 35(3)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 provides that where a judge refuses an application by an appellant to exercise a power under }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 subsection (1)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 in the appellant\rquote s favour, the appellant may have the application determined by the Court as duly constituted for the hearing and determining of appeals under this Act.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 There is no equivalent provision in relation to the exercise of the power of a judge under section 20.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4089294\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 30.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Section 20}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 appears in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Part III}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Court of Appeal Act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 entitled }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Appeals in Civil Cases}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Civil cases are defined, in effect, by }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 section 12}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 which refers to }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 any cause or matter, not being a criminal proceeding}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The term }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 criminal proceeding}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 is not defined in the Act but the jurisdiction of the Court of Appeal in criminal cases is defined in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Part IV}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 and in particular }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 section 21}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 which provides for appeals against conviction and sentence.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Assuming, as seems reasonable, that no lacuna was intended in the classes of final judgment of the High Court from which appeals might be brought to the Court of Appeal, all other appeals from final judgments of the High Court to the Court of Appeal would appear to fall within the category of civil appeals for the purposes of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Court of Appeal Act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 It may be concluded therefore that there was no power in the Court of Appeal to review the decision of Penlington JA in the present case as that was a power ex ercised in respect of something other than an appeal against conviction or sentence and so was a civil appeal. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4089294\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 31.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Court of Appeal Rules, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4657786\charrsid13502456 Cap 12}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4657786\charrsid13502456 (Rev 1985) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 in relation to civil appeals provide, in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Order 16}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 that the time for filing and serving a notice of appeal is 21 days in the case of an interlocutory order and in any other case six weeks. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4089294\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9113614\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 32.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9113614\charrsid13502456 Rule}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 17}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 provides as follows: \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6507935 {\insrsid4089294\charrsid6507935 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (1)\tab The appellant must \endash \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (a)\tab within 7 days after service of the notice of appeal \endash \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (i)\tab file a copy endorsed with a certificate of the date the notice was served; and \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (ii)\tab apply to the Registrar to fix the amount of the security to be given by the appellant for the prosecution of the appeal, and/or the payment of all such costs as may be ordered to be paid; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (b)\tab within such time as the Registrar directs, being not less than 14 days and not more than 28 days, deposit with the Registrar the sum fixed as security for costs.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (2)\tab If paragraph (1) is not complied with, the appeal is deemed to be abandoned, but a fresh notice of appeal may be filed before the expiration of- \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (a)\tab in the case of an appeal from an interlocutory order \endash 21 days; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (b)\tab in any other case \endash 42 days,}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14318512\charrsid13502456 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 calculated from the date the appeal is deemed to be abandoned. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10773146\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (3)\tab Except with the leave of the Court of Appeal, no appeal may be filed after the expiration of time specified in paragraph (2).}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Constitutional and Statutory Framework for Military Discipline \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12599099\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 33.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid1141539 RFMF}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 was originally established by }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid1141539 section 3(1)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid1141539 RFMF Act}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 enacted in September 1949.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 It has subsequently been amended and may be subject to modification by the provisions of the Constitution.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Section 23 of the Act provides that:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12599099\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (1)\tab In relati on to the government of and for the enforcement of discipline in the Forces the Army Act shall, subject to the provisions of this Act and any regulations made thereunder and with the modifications referred to in subsection (2), apply as if the Forces form ed part of Her Majesty\rquote s Regular Forces \endash \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (a)\tab to officers of the Forces and soldiers of the Regular Forces at all times; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16694\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (b)\tab to soldiers of the Territorial Force and the Reserve when on military service.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \i\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The modifications in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 section 23(2)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 are not material for present purposes. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3947339\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 34.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Army Act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 is defined in }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 section 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 thus: \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3947339\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li630\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Army Act}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 means the Army Act, 1955 of the United Kingdom and includes all Acts amending, replacing or read in conjunction with the same and all rules, regulations and Articles of War made thereunder.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \i\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 35.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 On 10 October 1970, Fiji achieved independence effected by the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Fiji Independence Act 1970 (UK)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 and the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Fiji Independence Order 1970}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 which contained the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Fiji Constitution 1970 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 in its Schedule.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 By }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 section 5}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 of the Order it was provided that existing laws would have effect on and after 10 October 1970 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 ... as if they had been made in pursuance of the Constitution and shall be construed with such modifications, adaptations, qualifications and exceptions as may be necessary to bring them into conformity with the Fiji Independence Act 1970}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12284679\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 36.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 By }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 section 105(1) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 of the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 1970 Constitution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 disciplinary control over persons holding public office was vested in the Public Service Commission.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 However the offices of members of }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 any naval, military or air force}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 were excluded from the application of that section (section 105(3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12284679\charrsid13502456 ) (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 f)).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12284679\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 37.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Chapter II}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 1970 Constitution}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 was entitled }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Protection of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms of the Individual}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 and prescribed various fundamental human rights and freedoms.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Section 18(3)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 which appeared in }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Chapter II}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 provided, however, that }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 in relation to any person who is a member of a disciplined force of Fiji, nothing contained in or done under the authority of the disciplinary law of that force shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of any of the provisions of this Chapter other than sections 4, 6 and 7.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The disciplined forces of Fiji included any naval, military or air force (section 127(1)) and }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 disciplinary law}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 was defined as }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 a law regulating the discipline of any disciplined force}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The human rights protected by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 section 18(3)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 were the right to life }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (section 4),}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 protection from slavery and forced labour }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (section 6)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 and protection from inhuman treatment }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (section 7).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The rights of personal liberty under }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 section 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 were not protected against infringement by a disciplinary law.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 This saving provision was carried over into the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 1990 Constitution in section 20(2)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 of that Constitution. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12284679\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 38.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Section 86 of the 1990 Constitution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 established the Republic of Fiji Military Forces under the command of a Commander to be appointed by the President acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister for a term of five years.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The Constitution defined the overall responsibility of the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 RFMF}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 as being }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456\charrsid13112960 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13112960 to ensure at all times the security, defence and well being of Fiji and its peoples}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456\charrsid13112960 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (section 86(3)).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The definition of }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456\charrsid13112960 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13112960 disciplined force}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456\charrsid13112960 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 under the Constitution included the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 RFMF}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4657786\charrsid13502456 [section 149(1)]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The authority of the Public Service Commission established under the Constitution d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268925\charrsid13502456 id not extend to the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268925\charrsid13502456 RFMF}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268925\charrsid13502456 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268925\charrsid13502456 [}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 section 127(4}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12284679\charrsid13502456 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12284679\charrsid13502456 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12284679\charrsid13502456 (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 f)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268925\charrsid13502456 ]}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12284679\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 39.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 RFMF}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 was continued in existence by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 section 112(1)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 of the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 1997 Constitution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 which provided for the appointment by the President, on the advice of the Minister, of a Commander }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 ... to exercise military executive command of the Forces, subject to the control of the Minister}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268925\charrsid13502456 [section 112(2)]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The Commander is responsible under the Constitution for, inter alia, }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 taking disciplinary action against members of the Forces}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268925\charrsid13502456 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268925\charrsid13502456 [}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 section }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268925\charrsid13502456 112(3}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818411\charrsid13502456 ) (}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268925\charrsid13502456 b)]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The Parliament is authorised by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 section 112(4)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 to make laws relating to the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 RFMF.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818411\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 40.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The general exclusion of the human rights protections from application to members of the military, which appeared in the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 1970 and 1990 Constitutions}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 , does not}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268925\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 appear in the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 1997 Constitution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The protection against }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268925\charrsid13502456 \lquote }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 double jeopardy}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268925\charrsid13502456 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 section 28(1}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818411\charrsid13502456 ) (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 k)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 is qualified in section }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 28(3}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818411\charrsid13502456 ) (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 a) }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 to allow a member of a disciplined force to be tried for a criminal offence despite his or her trial and conviction or acquittal under a disciplinary law.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 And in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 section 29(4),}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 the requirement for open court hearings does not extend to military courts. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818411\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 41.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Both the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 1990 and 1997 Constitutions}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 continued in effect existing laws subject to the requirement that they be construed with such modifications}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 and}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 qualifications}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 as}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 were}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 necessary}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 conform}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 the Constitution \endash }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268925\charrsid13502456 (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 1990 Constitution section 168}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268925\charrsid13502456 )}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 , 1997 Constitution section 195(2}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818411\charrsid13502456 ) (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 e) and section 195(3). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818411\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 42.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 RFMF Act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 was continued in effect by the successive Constitutions subject to such modifications or qualifications as might be necessitated by any disconformity with those Constitutions including a ny disconformity that might arise by reason of their application of human rights provisions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The application of the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Army Act 1955,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 effected by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 section 23}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 RFMF Act,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 would itself be subject to those modifications or qualifications.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 This raises the pot ential for some difficult issues of constitutional and statutory construction which it is not necessary to explore for present purposes.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The law relating to military discipline is of great importance to the efficient functioning of the military forces and to the security of the nation.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 At present it is found in a combination of local and British statutes which provides a recipe for confusion.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The time is ripe for a single, self-contained, coherent Fijian statute to govern military discipline in this country. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818411\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 43.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Whatever the scope of the current operation of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 RFMF Act}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 and the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Army Act 1955,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 it is not disputed for present purposes that }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 section 70}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Army Act 1955}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 applies.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818411\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818411\charrsid13502456 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 That section provides, as far as relevant: \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \i\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9113614\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (1)\tab Any person subject to military law who commits a civil offence, whether in the United Kingdom or elsewhere, shall be guilty of an offence against this section. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9113614\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (2)\tab In this Act the expression }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 civil offence}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 means any act or omission punishable by the law of England or which, if committed in England, would be punishable by that law; and in this Act the expression }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 the corresponding civil offence}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 means the civil offence the commission of which constitutes the offence against this section. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818411\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 ... \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818411\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (4)\tab A person shall not be charged with an offence against this section committed in the United Kingdom if the corresponding civil offence is treason, murder, manslaughter, treason-felony or rape...}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \i\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 44.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The learned judge at first instance, Jitoko J, relied upon the provisions of the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 United Kingdom Forces (Jurisdiction of Colonial Courts) Order 1965}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 This was an Order in Council made in 1965.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 It was expressed to apply to each of the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 territories specified in the Schedule}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Among the territories specified in the Schedule was Fiji.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Subsection 3(1)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 of the Order provides, inter alia: \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \i\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9113614\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Subject to the provisions of this section, a person charged with an offence against the law of the Territory shall not be liable to be tried for that offence by a court of the Territory if at the time that the offence is alleged to have been committed he was a member of Her Majesty\rquote s forces or a member of a civilian component of any of these forces and \endash \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756865\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 ... \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9113614\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 the alleged offence is an offenc e against the person, and the person or, if more than one, each of the persons in relation to whom it is alleged to have been committed had at the time thereof a relevant association with Her Majesty\rquote s forces; ...}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \i\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9113614\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 45.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The Order was treated by Jitoko J as a regulation made under the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid1141539 Army Act 1955}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 and therefore applicable, pursuant to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 section 23}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 RFMF Act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 , to the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 RFMF}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 as if they formed part of Her Majesty\rquote s Regular Forces.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9113614\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818411\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Whether the Judgment was a Final Judgment of the Court of Appeal \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818411\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 46.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The first question to be considered in the present case is whether the judgment of Penlington JA was a final judgment of the Court of Appeal.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 It was a judgment of a Judge of the Court of Appeal in respect of which there was no mechanism for review by a Full Bench }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (see section 20).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 It also effectively brought an end to the petitioners\rquote attempt to appeal against the decision of Jitoko J. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8388765\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 47.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The scope of the term }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 final judgment of the Court of Appeal}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 which appears in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 section 122(1)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 1997 Constitution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 was considered but not fully resolved by this Court in its judgment in }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid1141539 Native Land Trust Board v Narawa Appeal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 CBV0007/2002S given on 21 May 2004.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8388765\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 48.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The Court observed that there is no discretion available under the Constitution to al low the Supreme Court to entertain applications for leave to appeal against decisions of the Court of Appeal which are not final.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Having regard to its use as a constitutional term and its function in defining the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, the words }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 final judgment}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 might require a wider interpretation than that which has evolved under rules of court in various jurisdictions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8388765\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 49.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 If the words }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 final judgment}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 are to be interpreted as referring to any judgment finally disposing of a proceeding in t he Court of Appeal, then it might encompass appeals against a range of interlocutory decisions at first instance which might be of little import.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 An answer to that concern is provided by the constitutional requirement for special leave which can be supported, as it has been, by statutory criteria for the grant of such leave. \par }\pard \ql \fi-90\li90\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin90\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8388765\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 50.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-90\li90\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin90\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The Court said (}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268925\charrsid13502456 ibid}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268925\charrsid13502456 a}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 t 37): \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1326892\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 It is to be kept in mind, ... that the Supreme Court is able, through the special leave requirement, to ensure that only those matters which are of sufficient importance to warrant the grant of special leave come to it.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Further, as has been demonstrate}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid811310\charrsid13502456 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 d in other jurisdictions, there are occasions when matters of great public importance may arise out of interlocutory decisions.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Issues of public interest immunity, legal professional privilege and the privilege against self incrimination may arise in the context of discovery.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 An important question of law may be involved in a decision striking out a pleading and it may be appropriate and convenient to decide that question of law on the pleaded facts.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The constitutional jurisdiction of the Court should not be so construed as to prevent these matters, in appropriate cases, from being heard and determined by it.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \i\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 51.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 In our opinion the better view is that a final judgment of the Court of Appeal, for the purposes of s}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6629864\charrsid13502456 ection}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 122 of the Constitution, is any judgment of the Court of Appeal which finally disposes of a proceeding in that Court.} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 It was conceded by the first respondent that ref usal by a judge of the Court of Appeal of an extension of time to bring an appeal is a final judgment of the Court of Appeal for the purposes of section 122 of the Constitution and may be the subject of a petition for special leave provided that it meets the criteria for the grant of such leave.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 We are satisfied that the concession was a proper one and that what occurred in this case was in substance a final judgment. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3681635\charrsid13502456 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Whether an Extension of Time was Necessary \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9329070\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150740\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 52.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150740\charrsid13502456 Rule 17}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150740\charrsid13502456 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150740\charrsid13502456 Court of Appeal Rules}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150740\charrsid13502456 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13334179\charrsid13502456 (\lquote \rquote the }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13334179\charrsid13502456 Rules}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13334179\charrsid13502456 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13334179\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150740\charrsid13502456 as amended by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150740\charrsid13502456 the Court of}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150740\charrsid13502456 Appeal}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150740\charrsid13502456 (Amendment)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150740\charrsid13502456 Rules}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150740\charrsid13502456 1999}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150740\charrsid13502456 provides}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150740\charrsid13502456 in}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150740\charrsid13502456 paragraphs 2 & 3: \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3763111\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13334179\charrsid13502456 (2)}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150740\charrsid13502456 If }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13334179\charrsid13502456 (the requirements}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150740\charrsid13502456 of the Rule)}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150740\charrsid13502456 is not complied with, the}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150740\charrsid13502456 appeal is deemed to be abandoned, but a fresh notice of appeal may}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13334179\charrsid13502456 be filed before the expiration}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150740\charrsid13502456 of}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 :}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150740\charrsid13502456 - \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3763111\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4549897\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls30\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4549897\charrsid13502456 I}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2898042\charrsid13502456 n}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2898042\charrsid13502456 the}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2898042\charrsid13502456 case}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2898042\charrsid13502456 of}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2898042\charrsid13502456 an interlocutory order \endash 21 days; or \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3763111\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2898042\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls30\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2898042\charrsid13502456 in any other case \endash 42 days,calculated from the date the appeal is deemed to be abandoned. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3763111\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11021097\charrsid13502456 (3) }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11155797\charrsid13502456 Except with the leave of the Court of Appeal no appeal may }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11289009\charrsid13502456 be }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11155797\charrsid13502456 filed after the expiration of time specified in paragraph (2).}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2898042\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3763111\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 53.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The second notice of appeal in this case was filed on 25 July, which was less than 42 days from the date the appeal pursuant to the first notice was deemed to be abandoned, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 ie}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 26 June 2003.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The appeal instituted pursuant to the second notice was deemed to be abandoned on 1 August 2003.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 On a reading of the language of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11155797\charrsid13502456 Rule}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 17,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 according to its ordinary meaning, there was then 42 days to run within which a third notice of appeal could be filed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 That time would have expired on 11 September 2003.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The parties and Penlington JA however proceeded on the common assumption that the rule would not permit the lodg}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11289009\charrsid13502456 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 ment of a third notice of appeal without an extension of time. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3763111\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 54.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 It may, no doubt, be regarded as undesirable that there should be an unlimited number of opportunities to file notices of appeal after appeals are deemed abandoned by operation of }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11155797\charrsid13502456 Rule }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 17}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Such a usage of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11155797\charrsid13502456 Rule}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 17}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 can, however, be prevented by the inherent power of the Court of Appeal to prevent abuse of its processes.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 It is questionable whether the limitation assumed by his Honour, on the basis of earlier obiter dicta, is correct. \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3763111\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 55.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The power of the Court of Appeal to make rules of court is vested, by }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 section 39}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Court of Appeal Act 1978}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11155797\charrsid13502456 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Cap 12}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11155797\charrsid13502456 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 , in the President of the Court of Appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Any unintended consequences of the wording of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11155797\charrsid13502456 Rule}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 17} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 can be cured by amendment of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11289009\charrsid13502456 Rule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 to expressly limit the number of occasions upon which a fresh notice of appeal may be lodged following a deemed abandonment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3763111\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11155797\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 56.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11155797\charrsid13502456 Rule}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 17}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 has been judicially construed to limit the extent of its application.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 In }{ \ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid1141539 Ports Authority of Fiji v C and T Marketing Ltd}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid1141539 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Civil Appeal ABU004 of 2001, Shameem J, sitting as a Single Judge of the Court of Appeal, heard a summons by the Ports Authority to set aside a ruling by the Deputy Registrar that a third notice of appeal could not be filed under }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11155797\charrsid13502456 Rule}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 17.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3763111\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11155797\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 57.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11155797\charrsid13502456 Rule}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 18}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 provides for the preparation of the appeal record and for the appellant to lodge four copies with the Registrar and give notice to the other parties that it is ready for collection.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Non-compliance is visited, by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11155797\charrsid13502456 Rule}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 18}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11155797\charrsid13502456 paragraph }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 10,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 with the consequences of deemed abandonment imposed by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11155797\charrsid13502456 Rule}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 17 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11155797\charrsid13502456 paragraphs}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 2 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12267501\charrsid13502456 &}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 In the case before Shameem J, which involved non-compliance with }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11155797\charrsid13502456 Rule}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 18,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 her Honour found that the third notice of a ppeal which had been filed was, in any event, outside the 42 day period specified in the rule when the period of the legal vacation over Christmas was included.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The notice had therefore been correctly rejected on the basis that it was out of time on any reading of the rule. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11155797\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3763111\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 58.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Her Honour nevertheless went on to express the view that to allow appellants to file appeal after appeal when there}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12267501\charrsid13502456 had been deemed abandonment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 would be to allow delay in the appellate process for months or years and violate the purpose of the }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Rules}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The Deputy Registrar was}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 said}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 be}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 correct}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 in}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 having found, at first instance, that the right to file a fresh notice of appeal under }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11155797\charrsid13502456 Rule}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 17 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11155797\charrsid13502456 paragraph }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 2}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 was limited to one fresh notice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Her Honour said:}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268925\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3763111\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 In future, thereafter, an appellant must make an application to file an appeal out of time with the leave of the Court of Appeal under Rule 17(3).}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \i\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 As can be seen, her Honour\rquote s observations were not necessary to the disposition of the case before her.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 They were }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 obiter dicta}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 They were relied upon by Penlington JA, and, it seems, by the parties, in the present case as supporting the need for an extension of time.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3681635\charrsid13502456 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 59.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Those who must apply the Rules and those who are bound by them are entitled to expect tha t generally speaking they will be construed according to the ordinary meaning of the words used in them, read in their context and by reference to their purpose.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 In this case the imposition by judicial construction of an absolute, once only, limit on the application of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6629864\charrsid13502456 Rule}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 17 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6629864\charrsid13502456 paragraph}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 2 puts a gloss on its words which is legislative in character and which does not accord with their ordinary meaning.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 As already observed, the gloss is not necessary to control abuse of the Court\rquote s process.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7175975\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3763111\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 60.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 No third notice was lodged in this case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 That was on the assumption that no third notice could be lodged.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 An extension of time was sought to allow an appeal to proceed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 We proceed therefore on the basis that this common}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 assumption}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12453072\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 the parties and their failure to lodge a third notice}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 gave rise to the need for an extension of time which}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 was ultimately refused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 by Penlington JA. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12453072\charrsid13502456 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Whether the Criteria for the Grant of Special Leave are Satisfied \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3763111\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 61.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 As the Court observed in }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid1141539 Native Land Trust Board v Narawa}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 , the criteria for the grant of special leave under }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 section 7(3)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 of the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Supreme Court Act }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11289009\charrsid13502456 1998}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11289009\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 establish the necessary conditions for its grant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 If those conditions are satisfied there remains a discretion whether to make the grant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6183589\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid742111\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 62.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 It would be an exceptional case in which a refusal to extend time to appeal could attract the grant of special leave.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 It is essentially a discretionary judgment which applies well established criteria and does not give rise to far-reaching questions of law, matters of great general or public importance or otherwise of substantial general interest in the administration of civil justice. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid742111\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 63.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 For the most part, the approach taken by Penlington JA to the exercise of his discretion was unexceptional.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Indeed, his Honour observed that initially he was inclined to the view that he should grant leave.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 As he said, a properly brought appeal was on foot until 1 August 2003.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 It was only deemed abandoned because of a procedural oversight by the petitioners\rquote solicitor.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 His Honour\rquote s decision to refuse an extension turned substantially, if not entirely, upon the view that he took of the merits of the appeal.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid742111\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 64.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 His Honour\rquote s adverse view of the merits of the appeal was based upon the proposition that an appeal, if successful, would not result in the grant of habeas corpus.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 This was because, consistently with the reasons of Jitoko J, the petitioners were lawfully in custody from 13 February 2003 and could not be released.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid742111\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 65.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The application for habeas corpus before Jitoko J concerned the detention of the petitioners after 24 December 2002 on charges of murder.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Their detention from 13 February 2003 related to charges arising out of the events of 19 and 20 May 2000 and the convening of the Court Martial to hear those charges.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 That convening discharged the previous order releasing them from custody until it was commenced.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6183589\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid742111\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 66.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 It may not be correct to say that habeas corpus will not lie for detention on one basis because the applicant for the writ may continue to be detained on another basis.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 As is pointed out in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 D Clarke and G McCoy, Habeas Corpus}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 ; }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Australia, New Zealand, The South Pacific, Federation Press}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 , Sydney (2000) it is possible on an application for a writ of habeas corpus to grant the order sought but to remand the applicant in custody.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The learned authors say,(}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 at 232}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 ): \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid742111\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1141539 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 This order requires some explanation because at first sight it seems incoherent.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 There have been cases involving prisoners and mental patients where the detention in one case was held to be unlawful, hence the order was granted, but where the applicant}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 was}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 subject}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 to}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 another order for detention which}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1141539 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 remained current; or where the court}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 determined}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7175975\charrsid13502456 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 that it was}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1141539 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 not}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15412600\charrsid13502456 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 in the public interest to order release since issues concerning public safety were at stake.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \i\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The learned authors cited some old cases involving mental patients, involuntarily committed, whose committal was either unlawful or not justified}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 on}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 the}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 return}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12453072\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 the writ but where the court refused to order the release of the patient before full inquiry }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid15104048 In re Gregory, A Lunatic}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (1899) 25 VLR 539}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid15104048 ; In re Stevens}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (1900) 25 VLR 688.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \i\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 67.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The learned authors refer to New Zealand legislation, p}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16253265\charrsid13502456 roposed in 1997 and now enacted as section 14 (3) of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16253265\charrsid11740738 Habeas Corpus Act 2001 (NZ)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16253265\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 which specifically require}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4335002\charrsid13502456 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 a judge to determine an application for habeas corpus by refusing the application or by issuing the writ ordering the release from detention of the applicant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 They comment on the application of those provisions thus (at 229-230): \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11481943\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 If the detainee is illegally held under one order but in lawful custody on another, independent, order, the court would order release under the illegal order, but detention under the other subsists unaffected.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \i\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6183589\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11740738 Re Esperalta} {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 [1987] VR }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11740738\charrsid13502456 236}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 involved an application for a writ of habeas corpus by a prisoner held under the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid15104048 Extradition (Foreign States) Act}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid15104048 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid15104048 1966}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Goppo J found the detention under that Act to be unlawful.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 However the prisoner was also held under the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid15104048 Immigration Act}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 and would continue to be held under that Act.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Go}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8019128\charrsid13502456 bb}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 o J said (at 239): \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \i\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4549897\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 In the ordinary case I would order that the writ of habeas corpus be made absolute, but, as it was indicated that the applicant was formally (sic) being held under the Immigration Act and will still be so held hereafter, I will simply order that he is no longer to be detained by the Governor of Pentridge Prison under the warrant issued under the Extradition (Foreign States) Act 1966 of 26 April 1984.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4549897\charrsid13502456 \par }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid15104048 Kelleher v Corrective Services Commissioner of NSW}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 (1987) 8 NSWLR 423 concerned a prisoner lawfully held in custody pending trial but found to have been unlawfully transferred to another prison.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 On his application for }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 habeas corpus}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 , Lee J at first instance, instead of ruling the order nisi absolute, declared the transfer to have been without lawful authority and ordered that the prisoner be returned to his former lawful custody.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 This order was made pursuant to the powers of the Supreme Court of New South Wales, on an applica tion for a writ of habeas corpus to }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 direct the entry of such judgment or make such order disposing of the proceedings as the nature of the case requires}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13502456 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 . }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15412600\charrsid13502456 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1130668\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 68.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 There has been no submission made nor anything said at first instance or in the Court of Appea l to indicate that the High Court could not, on an application for habeas corpus, make a declaration as to the unlawfulness of the detention on the basis attacking the application for the writ even though this would not result in the prisoner\rquote s release. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1130668\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 69.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The question of utility is not answered by a finding that an applicant for habeas corpus who has been taken unlawfully into custody on one basis }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14445720\charrsid13502456 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 s subsequently }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14445720\charrsid13502456 held}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 lawfully into custody on another basis.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The lawful basis for continuing detention may terminate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 If the other asserted basis for the detention on }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14445720\charrsid13502456 M}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 urder charges were not a proper basis for that detention, then the applicant would be entitled to immediate release.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 In so saying we note that it is said that the petitioners have been convicted on mutiny charges on 6 August 2004 and have been sentenced.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1130668\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 70.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Two other factors which Penlington JA saw as going to the merits of the appeal were:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12273509\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1130668\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1)\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The availability of a challenge to the jurisdiction of the Cour}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12267501\charrsid13502456 t Martial convened to hear the M}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 urder charges being available under Rule 36(1) of the Rules of Procedure (Army) 1972. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12453072\charrsid13502456 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The delay that the grant of leave would cause to the Court Martial which related to the events of May and June }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15104048\charrsid13502456 2000 that}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 court martial already having been adjourned twice because of the petitioners\rquote expressed intention to appeal. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4549897\charrsid13502456 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 His Honour did not consider the merits of the conclusion by Jitoko J that the offences mentioned in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 section 70(4)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Army Act 1955}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11740738 (UK)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 are not excluded from court martial jurisdiction in Fiji.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15412600\charrsid13502456 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1130668\charrsid13502456 71\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 In our opinion there are questions of general importance underlying the decision of Penlington JA }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12267501\charrsid13502456 in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 refus}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12267501\charrsid13502456 ing}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 leave to extend time to appeal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14445720\charrsid13502456 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14318512\charrsid13502456 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1130668\charrsid13502456 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14445720\charrsid13502456 These are:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1130668\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 1.\tab Whether }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 habeas corpus}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 may be granted for the release of a person from detention on one basis when that person may }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12267501\charrsid13502456 lawfully }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12267501\charrsid13502456 ontinue in detention on another}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1130668\charrsid13502456 ?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756865\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14445720\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 2.\tab Whether the availability of a challenge to the jurisdiction of a military court provides a sufficient basis for refusal of }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 habeas}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 corpus}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 in respect of detention pending the convening of that court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 ?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12267501\charrsid13502456 ; and}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14445720\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756865\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6379535\charrsid13502456 3.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14445720\charrsid13502456 Whether}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14445720\charrsid13502456 the}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14445720\charrsid13502456 charge}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14445720\charrsid13502456 of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14445720\charrsid13502456 M}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 urder}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 can}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 be}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 heard}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 in}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Martial}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6379535\charrsid13502456 ?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14445720\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1130668\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1130668\charrsid13502456 72\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 There is enough of general and substantial importance in this case in our opinion to satisfy the necessary criteria for the grant of special leave to appeal. \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1130668\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Whether the Court Should Exercise its Discretion to Grant Special Leave \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1130668\charrsid13502456 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13061613\charrsid13502456 73\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 It is necessary to consider the possible consequences of the grant of special leave in this case.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 If special leave were granted and the Court were to allow the appeal against the decision of Penlington JA then the appeal against the judgment of Jitoko J would have to be heard by the Court of Appeal.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 It would be open to that Court to determine the important question of law which arises in relation to }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid11740738 section 70 of the Army Act 1955.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The Court might resolve that question in favour of the petitioners but still decline habeas corpus for practical reasons.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 This would not appear to prevent the granting of a declaration r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4335002\charrsid13502456 elating to the validity of the M}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 urder charges which are pending.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Any challenge to the jurisdiction of the murder Court Martial would in effect be resolved in advance by such a procedure.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 We express no view on what the Court of Appeal should do in such event but rather what seems to us to be open to it to do. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13061613\charrsid13502456 \par 74\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 If the section 70 point is resolved against the petitioners then no challenge to the jurisdiction of the murder Court Martial on that basis could succeed, unl ess the decision of the Court of Appeal were reversed in the Supreme Court. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13061613\charrsid13502456 \par 75\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 In our view all the circumstances of this case militate in favour of the grant of special leave.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4553570\charrsid13502456 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Whether the Appeal Should be Allowed \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13114269\charrsid13502456 \par 76\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 We are satisfied that the appeal should be allowed on the basis that the view adopted by Penlington JA that an appeal would necessarily be nugatory is not correct.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 We also consider that his Honour gave undue weight to the availability of the challenge to the jurisdiction of the murder Court Martial at that Court Martial hearing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13114269\charrsid13502456 \par 77\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 We do not want, by these remarks, to be taken as precluding the Court of Appeal }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8019128\charrsid13502456 from }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 having proper regard to practical discretionary considerations in determining, if the petitioner succeeds on the substantive point, whether any, and if so what, orders should be made.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 The appeal to this Court will be allowed, the decision of Penlington JA set aside and time extended to 24 September 2004 to file a fresh notice of appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 We do not consider that we should award costs as the basis upon which the special leave was granted was not raised by counsel for the petitioners. \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756865\charrsid13502456 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Orders: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14445720\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 1.\tab Special leave is granted.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14445720\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 2.\tab The appeal is allowed. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14445720\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 3.\tab The decision of the Court of Appeal refusing an extension of time within which to appeal is set aside. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14445720\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 4.\tab The time limited to file a notice of appeal against the decision of Jitoko J is extended to 24 September 2004. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756865\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 5.\tab There will be no order as to costs on the petition. \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15104048 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14445720\charrsid13502456 Hon Chief Justice, Daniel Fatiaki \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14445720\charrsid13502456 President of Supreme Court \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15104048 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14445720\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15104048 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Justice Sir Kenneth Keith \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13114269\charrsid13502456 J}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 udge of Supreme Court \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15104048 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15104048 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Justice Robert French \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Judge of Supreme Court \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13502456 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14445720\charrsid13502456 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Solicitors: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Solicitor for the Petitioner:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 Valenitabua Esquire, Suva \par Solicitor for the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1775563\charrsid13502456 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504980\charrsid13502456 First Respondent: Legal Officer, Army Legal Services, Suva \par Solicitor for the Second and Third Respondents: Office of the Attorney General, Suva \par Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions, Suva as Amicus Curiae \par }}