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\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 C}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500282\charrsid16019710 IVIL APPEAL }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 N}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500282\charrsid16019710 O}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 CBV}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16527036\charrsid16019710 0}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 009 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500282\charrsid16019710 OF}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 2002}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500282\charrsid16019710 S}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500282\charrsid16019710 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 On appeal from the Fiji Court of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500282\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Appeal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500282\charrsid16019710 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Civil Appeal No ABU 0035 of 2001S andHigh Court of Fiji Civil Action No}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500282\charrsid16019710 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 HBC \par 311 of 200S}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500282\charrsid16019710 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 BETWEEN:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16202874\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16202874\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 NEW INDIA ASSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139448\charrsid16019710 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 A Government}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 India undertaking having itsprincipal office in Fiji at Suva}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139448\charrsid16019710 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par Petitioner \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 AND:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14971059\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14971059\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 D. GOKAL AND COMPANY LIMITED \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139448\charrsid16019710 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 A limited liability company having itsregistered office in the Republic of}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139448\charrsid16019710 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Fiji Islands}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139448\charrsid16019710 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par Respondent \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par Coram:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16202874\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16527036\charrsid16019710 The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Hon Chief Justice Daniel Fatiaki, President of Supreme Court \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16527036\charrsid16019710 The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Hon Justice Sir Kenneth Keith, Judge of Supreme Court \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16527036\charrsid16019710 The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Hon Justice Robert French, Judge of Supreme Court \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16202874\charrsid16019710 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Hearing:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16202874\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Tuesday, 7}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16527036\charrsid16019710 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 September 2004, Suva \par \par Counsel:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16202874\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Mr Nagin for the Petitioner \par Mr Lateef for the Respondent \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16202874\charrsid16019710 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Date of Judgment:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16202874\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Friday, 10}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16527036\charrsid16019710 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 September 2004, Suva \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16527036\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16202874\charrsid16019710 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Introduction \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16340413\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 In February 1994, Rajesh Prakash was a passenger in a motor vehicle owned by D Gokal & Company Limited }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 (}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Gokal}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 ) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 and driven by one of its employees.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Mr Prakash was an em ployee of another company called Homelco Limited }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 (}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Homelco}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 which had some common shareholders with Gokal.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The driver of the vehicle lost control, it veered off the road and hit a telephone pole and Mr Prakash was injured.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 He sued Gokal for the negligence of its employee.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 He obtained a judgment for damages in the sum of $121,224.50.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Gokal\rquote s insurer, New India Assurance Company Limited }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 (}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 New India}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 ) }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 declined cover on the basis that its Comprehensive Motor Vehicle Policy did not cover Gokal for liability for injuries sustained by the employees of }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710\charrsid14296905 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid14296905 Associated and/or Subsidiary Companies}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710\charrsid14296905 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 of Gokal and that Homelco was an associated company.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Gokal took proceedings in the High Court and obtained a declaratory judgment that New India was obliged to indemnify it under the policy.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The Court of Appeal dismissed an appeal against the decision and New India petitions for special leave to appeal against the judgment of the Court of Appeal. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16340413\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The entire litigation has proceeded on a misconception as to the terms of the policy.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Although the original policy, issued in 1992, had the effect that the liability to employees of }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Associated Companies}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 of Gokal was excluded from its cover the renewed policy, applicable in 1994, referred only to }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Subsidiary Companies}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 It had dropped the reference to }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710\charrsid14296905 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid14296905 Associated}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid14296905 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid14296905 Companies}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710\charrsid14296905 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid14296905 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 It was not suggested that Homelco was a subsidiary of Gokal. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16340413\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The Court is of the opinion however that even were it the case that the exclusion extended to employees of Associated Companies, it would not have granted special leave.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16340413\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 For reasons which are set out at greater length below, the petition for special leave to appeal must therefore be dismissed. \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li-720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin-720\itap0\pararsid16019710 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16340413\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Gokal, Homelco and the Policy}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16340413\charrsid16019710 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16340413\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Gokal and Homelco are companies incorporated in Fiji under the Companies Act No 5 of 1983.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 In 1994 the companies had some common shareholders and one of the directors of Gokal was an alternate director of Homelco.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16340413\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 In February 1994, Gokal was the registered proprietor of a 1991 Mitsubishi van, registered number CK588.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Gokal at that time carried a Comprehensive Motor Vehicle Insurance Policy in respect of the vehicle from New India.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The policy originally covered the period from 4 June 1992 to 4 June 1993.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 It was renewed for a further year to 4 June 1994. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16340413\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11802791 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The name of }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710\charrsid14296905 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid14296905 The Insured}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710\charrsid14296905 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 on the original 1992/1993 policy was as follows: }{\b\i\insrsid11802791\charrsid11802791 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11802791 {\b\i\insrsid11802791 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11802791 {\b\i\insrsid16019710\charrsid275631 "}{\b\i\insrsid8597848\charrsid275631 D Gokal & Company Limited and/or McGregor Investments Limited and/or Gordon Investments Limited and/or Toorak Investments Limited and/or Gokal\rquote s Tea Company and/or Rakdev Holdings Limited and/or MB and VB Gokal and/or Levu\rquote s Clothing Company Limited and/or Bob Gokal and Sons Limited and/or McGregor Garments Limited and/or Kamjit Holdings Limited and/or Associated and/or Subsidiary Companies.}{\b\i\insrsid16019710\charrsid275631 "}{\b\i\insrsid8597848 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11802791 {\b\i\insrsid11802791\charrsid11802791 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The name of }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710\charrsid16019710 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The Insured}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710\charrsid16019710 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 on the 1993/1994 renewal endorsement did not include the words }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710\charrsid14296905 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid14296905 and/or Associated}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710\charrsid14296905 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 , a fact which seems to have escaped the attention of the parties and the courts below.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16340413\charrsid16019710 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 8.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Under the original policy there was a passenger risk cover in the following terms, which excluded certain categories of passenger: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139448\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 PASSENGER RISK \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5382650\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Section 2 of this Policy is extended to indemnify the Insured against liability for}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 - \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5382650\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 (a)\tab death or bodily injury happening to any person whilst being conveyed by or entering or alighting from or about to enter or alight from any insured Vehicle; and \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 (b)\tab loss or damage to the wearing apparel and personal effects of any such person \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5382650\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Provided tha t this extension of cover does not apply to death, injury, loss or damage sustained by any person who, at the time of the event, was \endash \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 1)\tab driving the insured Vehicle \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11359814\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 2)\tab a relative or friend ordinarily residing with the Insured \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11359814\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 3)\tab engaged in and upon the service of the Insured \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5382650\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The liability of the Company under this clause for each claim or series arising out of any one event is limited to $500,000.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 9.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Under the renewed policy the passenger liability limit was reduced from $500,000 to $250,000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The effect of the passenger risk exclusion was to exclude any employee of the named insured companies and, in the period 1992-1993, their }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Associated and/or Subsidiary Companies}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 In 1993-1994, because of the change in the definition of the insured in the renewal, the employee exclusion related to employees of }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Subsidiary Companies}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 and did not extend to employees of }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Associated Companies}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 .}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6439787\charrsid16019710 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The Accident \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9008724\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 10.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 On 22 February 1994, the vehicle the subject of the New India policy was being driven by Kamlesh Armesh Parmar, an employee of Gokal, along Queens Road at about 12.35am.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The vehicle was returning to Suva after completing work installing satellite dishes at Ba and Rakiraki.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 It was about half way between Suva and Navua.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 There were three passengers in the vehicle including Rajesh Prakash, a technician employed by Homelco. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9008724\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 11.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 In circumstances which are not now relevant, the driver lost control of the vehicle which veered off the road and hit a lamp post.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 One of the passengers was killed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Mr Prakash was seriously injured.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 A claim form was lodged with New India by Gokal on 28 February 1994.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 It appears that the driver was convicted, on 26 June 1996, for the offence of causing death by dangerous driving.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9008724\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 12.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Mr Prakash was, at all material times, in the employ of Homelco.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Homelco carried a Workmen\rquote s Compensation Policy with Dominion Insurance Limited.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 It also carried a }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Commercial Type Motor Policy}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 with Dominion which included personal injury cover but only in respect of injury associated with the use of Homelco\rquote s vehicle.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6439787\charrsid16019710 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The Procedural History}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9008724\charrsid16019710 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9008724\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 13.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Mr Prakash commenced proceedings in the High Court in 1996 against Gokal and the driver of the vehicle, Mr Parmar.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 He claimed damages for negligence and, in the alternative, made a general claim for compensation under the Workmen\rquote s Compensation Act.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9008724\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 14.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 New India took over the defence of the action as Gokal\rquote s workmen\rquote s compensation insurer on the wrong assumption that Mr Prakash was an employee of Gokal.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Subsequently, New India discovered that Mr Prakash was an employee of Homelco whose workmen\rquote s compensa tion insurer was Dominion.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 It then took the position that it had no liability under its Workmen\rquote s Compensation Policy nor under the Comprehensive Motor Vehicle Insurance Policy.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 It evidently took the latter position on the basis that Mr Prakash was en employee of Homelco which it regarded as an }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Associated/Subsidiary Company}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 of Gokal. \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li-720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin-720\itap0\pararsid16019710 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9008724\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 15.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 On 5 September 1997, no defence to the claim having been filed, an interlocutory default judgment for damages to be assessed was entered in the High Court proceedings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The hearing of the assessment of damages did not take place until 13 May 1999.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Gokal did not appear, nor was it represented at the hearing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 On 19 November 1999, Pathik J assessed damages in favour of Mr Prakash in the amount of $119,724.50 and awarded him costs of $1,500 making a total judgment of $121,224.50.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The various failures of Gokal to take steps in the proceedings and to appear at the assessment were apparently related to a kind of stand off with New India\rquote s solicitors, the detail of which need not concern the Court. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9916244\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 16.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 On 13 October 2000, the judgment not having been satisfied, Mr Prakash\rquote s solicitor served a winding up order on Gokal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 On 16 October 2000, Gokal applied for an order setting aside the final judgment against it so that it might contest the assessment of damages.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9916244\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 17.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 By a judgment given on 15 February 2001, Pathik J dismissed the application.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The judgment therefore stood.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9916244\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 18.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Gokal instituted proceedings in the High Court, by originating summons, seeking a declaration that it was entitled to be indemnified by New India in respect of the damages awarded to Mr Prakash.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 That action was heard by Scott J (as he then was).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 On 20 June 2001, his Honour made a declaration that Gokal }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 ... be indemnified by [New India] in civil action number HBC 350 of 1996}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Costs of $1,500 were awarded against New India.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9916244\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 19.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Scott J proceeded upon the basis that the definition of }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710\charrsid6644889 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid6644889 The Insured}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710\charrsid6644889 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 under the policy covered }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710\charrsid6644889 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid6644889 Associated Companies}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710\charrsid6644889 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 and that the passenger risk exclusion extended to employees of such companies.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 His Honour held, however, that Homelco was not an }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Associated Company}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 He was satisfied that }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 ... mere common membership or even regular cooperation between 2 companies does not in law amount to their being }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 associated}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 .}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 His Honour dealt with other arguments which are not material for present purposes. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9916244\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 20.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 New India appealed against the decision of Scott J to the Court of Appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The appeal was heard on 12 August 2002 and dismissed on 16 August 2002.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5382650\charrsid16019710 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The Judgment of the Court of Appeal \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9916244\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 21.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 In its judgment the Court of Appeal referred to the New India Comprehensive Motor Vehicle Insurance Policy and to the definition of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The Insured}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 as it stood when the policy was issued in 1992.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 It was not contended before the Court of Appeal that Homelco was a subsidiary of Gokal.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Nor could it have been.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 There was no factual basis for such a characterisation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9916244\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 22.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The judgment proceeded on the erroneous premise that the exclusion extended to the employees of associated companies.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The Court referred to the basis upon which it was said that Homelco was an associated company of Gokal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The sole justification advanced for that characterisation was the existence of shareholders common to both.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The Court referred to various statutory definitions of }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710\charrsid14296905 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid14296905 Associated Company}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710\charrsid14296905 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 which had no direct application to the case in point but might have been a legitimate source of interpretive inspiration.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9916244\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 23.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Their Honours observed that }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710\charrsid6644889 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid6644889 control}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710\charrsid6644889 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 was }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710\charrsid6644889 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid6644889 a frequent if not dominant feature}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710\charrsid6644889 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 in most of the definitions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The use of the term }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710\charrsid6644889 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid6644889 Associated}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid6644889 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid6644889 Companies}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710\charrsid6644889 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 in the policy was }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710\charrsid6644889 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid6644889 at least equally open to a requirement of control as opposed to a common shareholding among some shareholders}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710\charrsid6644889 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid6644889 .}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid6644889 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid6644889 The Court considered the control requirement to be }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710\charrsid6644889 " }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid6644889 the stronger contention}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710\charrsid6644889 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Their Honours held that in the event of a genuine ambiguity in the policy the words should be construed contra proferentem.} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 On that basis the principal argument advanced in the appeal failed.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 They also rejected an argument that Gokal, having failed to appear at the hearing of the assessment of damages, was negligent.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 There was no material upon which the court could find that Gokal\rquote s appearance would have made any difference to the outcome.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 In any event, New India had not alleged any breach of the contract of insurance by Gokal.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 On this second issue also the appeal failed. \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9916244\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The Petition for Special Leave \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9916244\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 24.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 New India seeks special leave to appeal from the judgment of the Court of Appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The proposed grounds of appeal as set out in the Notice of Appeal are as follows: \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li90\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin90\itap0\pararsid16019710 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9916244\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16019710 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 (a)\tab The Fiji Court of Appeal erred in law in not properly applying the plain meaning of the word }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 associated}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 company used in the insurance policy. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139448\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 (b)\tab The Fiji Court of Appeal erred in law and in fact in not holding that Homelco Limited was an associated company of the Respondent and Mr Vinod Gokal. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139448\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 (c)\tab The Fiji Co urt of Appeal erred in law in applying a contra proferentem rule when there was no genuine ambiguity.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139448\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 (d)\tab The Fiji Court of Appeal erred in law in failing to properly consider that Mr Vinod Gokal was himself named as an insured and he held shares in both the D Gokal & Company Limited and Homelco Limited. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139448\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 (e)\tab The Fiji Court of Appeal erred in law in not holding that the Appellant\rquote s liability was excluded because Homelco Limited was an associated company.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 \i\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The Criteria for the Grant of Special Leave \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9916244\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 25.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The Supreme Court Act 1998 sets out the criteria applying to the grant of special leave in civil and criminal matters.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Relevantly, s 7(3) of the Act provides: \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9916244\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16019710 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 In relation to a civil matter (including a matter involving a constitutional question), the Supreme Court must not grant special leave to appeal unless the case raises \endash \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 \i\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16019710 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 (a) \tab a far-reaching question of law;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139448\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 (b)\tab a matter of great general or public importance;}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139448\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 (c)\tab a matter that is otherwise of substantial general interest to the administration of civil justice.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Whether Special Leave Should be Granted}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3636168\charrsid16019710 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3636168\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 26.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The petition for special leave sets out the grounds of the proposed appeal but no justification for the grant of special leave by reference to the criteria in s 7(3) of the Supreme Court Act. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 In an}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6235382\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 affidavit in support of the petition it is asserted that the appeal }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 deals with the issue of the contra proferentem rule}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 , which, it is said, is a far-reaching question of law, a matter of general and public importance and a matter of substantial general interest to the administration of civil justice. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8063691\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 27.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Even assuming that the policy exclusion extended to the employees of }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Associated Companies}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 of Gokal, the appeal would not, in our opinion, raise any of the matters set out in s 7(3). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8063691\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 28.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 There may be debatable questions about the interpretation of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Associated Company}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 in the policy and whether or not the first approach to that interpretation should have been the dictionary rather than various statutes.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The interpretation of the words }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Associated Company}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 in this context and the particular factual matrix in w hich it was considered would not, in our opinion, meet any of the criteria in s 7(3).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 We express no concluded view on the correctness of that interpretation adopted by the Court of Appeal because, in the end, that question is moot. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8063691\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 29.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The application of the contra proferentem rule by the Court of Appeal was questionable.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Although applied by the Court to read the exclusion clause against the Insurer it was applied to the construction of a term }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Associated Companies}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 thought (wrongly as it has turned out) to be part of the definition of }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The Insured}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Yet in determining who was entitled to benefits as a member of the group of companies comprising }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The Insured}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 there would be no basis for applying the contra proferentem rule.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 For that is a rule of construction against the Insurer.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The definition of }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The Insured}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 and the terms used in that definition cannot be construed one way for the purpose of establishing entitlement to a benefit and another way for the purpose of defining t he scope of an exclusion clause.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 There can only be one interpretation which must be good for all purposes in the policy. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8063691\charrsid16019710 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 30.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The term }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Associated Company}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 was not part of the definition of }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The Insured}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019710 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 in the policy as renewed for the period June 1993 t o June 1994.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The litigation has proceeded, to this point, on an incorrect assumption to the contrary.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 On the basis of that incorrect assumption the Court of Appeal held the exclusion not to apply.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 On the correct terms of the policy as renewed the exclusion plainly does not apply.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The appeal would therefore have no prospect of success.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 The petition for special leave should be dismissed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Having regard to the failure of either party to address the true issue at any stage of the proceedings, there should be no order as to costs.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li-720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin-720\itap0\pararsid16019710 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8063691\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid6644889 Orders \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139448\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 1.\tab The petition for special leave is dismissed. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8063691\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 2.\tab There be no order as to costs. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6644889 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139448\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6644889 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139448\charrsid16019710 Chief Justice Daniel Fatiaki \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139448\charrsid16019710 Presiding Judge of}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2167167\charrsid16019710 }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139448\charrsid16019710 Supreme Court}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139448\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6644889 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8063691\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6644889 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Justice Sir Kenneth Keith \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Judge of Supreme Court \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6644889 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6644889 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Justice Robert French \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Judge of Supreme Court \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16019710 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8063691\charrsid16019710 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Solicitors: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139448\charrsid16019710 Messrs. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Sherani & Co, Suva}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139448\charrsid16019710 for the Petitioner}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139448\charrsid16019710 Messrs.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 Lateef & Lateef, Suva}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139448\charrsid16019710 for the Respondent}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8597848\charrsid16019710 \par }}