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\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow0 \jexpand\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot1780123 \fet0\sectd \linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\footer \pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar \tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\pvpara\phmrg\posxc\posy0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs18\insrsid1780123 PAGE }}{\fldrslt { \cs18\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5651617 5}}}{\cs18\insrsid1780123 \par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid1780123 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s20\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 \b\f59\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 IN THE SUPREME COURT, FIJI ISLANDS \par AT SUVA \par }{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 CIVIL}{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 APPEAL NO. CBV0004 OF 1999S \par (Fiji Court of Appeal Civil Action No. ABU0071 of 1997S) \par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \s20\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 BETWEEN:}{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123 \par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \s20\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 KEPUELI JITOKO \par }{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Petitioner}{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123 \par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \s20\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 AND:}{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123 \par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \s20\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 PERMANENT SECRETARY FOR EDUCATION \par SECRETARY FOR PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION \par }{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Respondents \par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par Coram:}{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Hon. Justice John von Doussa, Judge of Supreme Court \par Rt. Hon. Justice Sir Kenneth Keith, Judge of Supreme Court \par Hon. Justice Robert French, Judge of Supreme Court \par \par Hearing:}{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Friday, 11th April 2003, Suva \par \par Counsel:}{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Mr. V. Tuberi for the Petitioner \par Mr. S. Kumar for the Respondents \par \par Date of Judgment:}{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Friday, 11th April 2003, Suva \par Date of Reasons:}{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Friday, 11th April 2003, Suva \par \par }\pard \s20\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 REASONS FOR JUDGMENT OF THE COURT \par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \s20\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 At the end of the petitioner\rquote s oral submissions, the Court announced that the application for special leave to appeal was refused.}{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 The Court would give its reasons later in the day.}{\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123 \par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\b0\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 The petitioner, Kepueli Jitoko, was a school teacher from 1979 until 1990.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 In late 1990 he was charged with raping a student at school.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 He was convicted on three counts in the Magistrates\rquote Court and sentenced to two and a half years}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 imprisonment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 He appealed to the High Court.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 He was successful.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 On 21September 1991, Fatiaki J. (as he then was) allowed his appeal, quashed the convictions}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 and discharged the petitioner.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 At the end of his comprehensive and careful}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 judgment, the Judge said this:}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5651617 \b\i\f59\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \'93 In the light of the several \'93irregularities\'94 that occurred in the appellant\rquote s trial and having regard to the misdirections of the trial Magistrate in relation to the corroborative evidence the appellant\rquote s conviction must be considered unsafe and unsatisfactory.\'94 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 As that passage indicates, the Judge was very concerned both with the pr ocess followed by the Magistrate and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 with the substance of his decision.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 On process, he records that the petitioner, who was unrepresented at the trial, unsuccessfully sought an adjournment to enable his counsel to attend; that the petitioner at the out set of the trial faced a prosecution application, which was granted, to add two further charges}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 that the petitioner elected to remain silent at the end of the prosecution\rquote s case; that the petitioner was not informed o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 f his right to call witnessess -}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 he claimed that he had witnessess to call; that child}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 witnessess were allowed to give}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 evidence without any recorded inquiry about their age,}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 or their understanding of the nature of an oath or the necesssity to speak the truth;}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 the consequential}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 need}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 for corroborating}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 eye witnessess if the children had had to give their evidence not on oath; and that after an overnight adjournment the Magistrate delivered a three paragraph judgment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 In respect of each of those steps the Judge in the High Court found legal error of one kind or another.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 On the substance he reviewed what he saw as inadequacies in the evidence of the three girls called as eye witnessess. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Following the successful appeal the petitioner\rquote s solicitor wrote to the Secretary of the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Public Service Commission seeking his client\rquote s re-instatement. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 In June 1992 the Commission commenced disciplinary proceedings against the petitioner.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 He was charged with engaging in improper conduct in his official capacity which was likely to bring the Public Service into disrepute and to be prejudicial to the conduct of the Public Service.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 The improper conduct was three acts of sexual intercourse, during the course of his duties as a teacher, with a female student (named in the earlier criminal charges) at his school. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 The petitioner was advised by his counsel that the charges were defective, but no steps were taken at that time to challenge them or to reply to the charges.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 That was so although he had been informed in the letter notifying him of the proceeding s that the provisions of the Public Service Commission (Constitution) Regulations 1990 applied and that in accordance with Regulation 41(2) he was requested}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 to state within 14 days}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 whether he admitted or denied the charges and was advised that he could give such explanations as would enable proper consideration to be given to them.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 He was also warned that if he failed to state in writing whether he admitted or denied the charges then under Regulation 41(3) he would be deemed to have admitted them.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 One or more of the specified penalties might then be imposed by the Commission.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 They ranged from reprimand to dismissal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \s15\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 The petitioner was dismissed from the Public Service.}{\insrsid5651617 }{\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 In late 1993 he took the matter up with the Ombudsman and following the receipt of further legal advice he brought the judicial review proceedings, the subject of this petition.}{\insrsid5651617 }{\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 The major ground for review, the one remaining before us, was that, because he had been acquitted in the criminal proceedings of the matter which was the s ubject of the disciplinary proceedings, those proceedings were prohibited by Regulation 53 of the 1990 Regulations: \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\b\i\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \'9453.}{\b\i\insrsid5651617 }{\b\i\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 An officer acquitted of a criminal charge in any court shall not be dismissed or otherwise punished in respect of any charge of which he has been acquitted, but nothing in this regulation shall prevent his being dismissed or otherwise punished in respect of any other charge arising out of his conduct in the matter, unless such other charge is substantially the same as that in respect o f which he has been acquitted.\'94 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \s15\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 The High Court rejected that argument on the basis that the \'93discharge\'94 in the High Court was not an \'93 acquittal\'94 in terms of the Regulation.}{\insrsid5651617 }{\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 The Court of Appeal disagreed.}{\insrsid5651617 }{\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 It held that while technically the High Court decision on the criminal appeal} {\insrsid5651617 }{\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 was not a verdict of}{\insrsid5651617 }{\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 acquittal in}{\insrsid5651617 }{\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 reality it}{\insrsid5651617 }{\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 was intended to}{\insrsid5651617 }{\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 have that effect and in the interests of justice it should be treated as such for the purposes of the regulation.}{\insrsid5651617 }{\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 The appeal nevertheless failed since, in the Court of Appeal\rquote s view, the proviso in Regulation 53 which allowed the appellant to be dismissed or punished in respect of any other charges arising out of his conduct in the matter unless they were substantially the same as the criminal charge applied t o allow the disciplinary proceedings:}{\insrsid5651617 }{\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\b\i\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \'93 The disciplinary charges alleged only improper conduct in his official capacity, in having sexual intercourse with the pupil in the course of his duties.}{\b\i\insrsid5651617 }{\b\i\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 While the acts of intercourse are no doubt the same as those in the rape charges, lack of consent was an essential element in the latter, whereas it was irrelevant to the disciplinary charges.}{\b\i\insrsid5651617 }{\b\i\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 This difference is fundamental in law leading to the conclusion that the charges brought by the respondents are not \'94substantially the same\'94 as the criminal charges, and that the prohibition in Regulation 53 is inapplicable.}{\b\i\insrsid5651617 }{ \b\i\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Accordingly the grounds of appeal based on that Regulation must be rejected.\'94 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 The appellant then applied to the Court of Appeal for leave to appeal to the Supreme Court on the following questions: \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \'93}{\b\i\ul\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 1.}{\b\i\ul\insrsid5651617 }{ \b\i\ul\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 WHETHER}{\b\i\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 an acquittal on a charge of rape is also an acquittal that no sexual intercourse took place if the accused denied the charges and that consent was not an issue in the criminal proceedings. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\b\i\ul\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 2.}{\b\i\ul\insrsid5651617 }{\b\i\ul\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 WHETHER}{ \b\i\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 the charges of sexual intercourse in disciplinary proceedings under the Public Service Commission (Constitution)\- Regulation 1990, which arise out of the same allegations in situations in paragraph (1) aforesaid are substantially the same for the purpose of Regulation 53 of the Regulations aforesaid.\'94 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 The Court of Appeal refused to grant leave under s.122 (2) of the Constitution which gives that Court the power to grant leave on a question \'93certified by it to be of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 significant public importance.\'93}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 The Court explained that the general verdicts in fact of acquittal, resulting}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 from}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 discharge ordered by}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Fatiaki J., established that the applicant was not guilty of rape, that is that they established that not all elements of that crime had been proved.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 But the verdicts did not decide that any specific elements of that crime had not been proved and in particular they did not establish that}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 sexual intercourse}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 with the complainant had not taken}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 place.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 The petitioner then applied to this Court for special leave to appeal.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 In terms of s.7(3) of the Supreme Court Act 1998 leave is to be granted only if on a civil matter only if the case raises: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \ql \fi-698\li1418\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \'93(a)\tab a far-reaching question of law; \par {\pntext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-698\li1418\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart2\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 a matter of great general or public importance; \par {\pntext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-698\li1418\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart2\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 a matter that is otherwise of substantial general interest}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 to the administration of civil justice.\'94 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 In the hearing}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 before us, the petitioner\rquote s counsel, Mr Tuberi, elaborated the arguments already made in the Courts below.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 He emphasised that the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 principle against}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 double jeopardy is of great public importance as reflected in s.28 (1)(k) of the Constitution (Amendment) Act 1997: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Every person charged with an offence has the right;\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85 \'85... \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 (k) not to be tried again for an offence of which he or she has previously been convicted of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 acquitted;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 His}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 argument is that the constitutional protection does not distinguish between}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 criminal and}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 civil offences and that it applies to this case.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Mr Tuberi also referred}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 us to the decision of the House of Lords in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Connelly}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 v.}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 The Director of Public}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Prosecutions }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 [1964] A.C. 1254. \par \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 We do not accept the argument based on s.28 (1)(k).}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Its terms and context are clearly directed to the trial of criminal offences.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 By contrast to the punitive purposes of such trials, disciplinary proceedings in the Public Service have an essentially protective purpose.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Some of the provisions of s.29, access to Courts or tribunals, may be applicable to such disciplina ry proceedings but we need not go into that here. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 We return to the argument based on Regulation 53 on which Mr Tuberi mainly relied.} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 The argument has to be related to and tested against the facts of this case.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 While the petitioner denied the charges in the Magistrates\rquote Court he presented}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 no specific defence to the charges of rape: \'93unlawful carnal knowledge of a woman or girl, without her consent\'94 (Penal Code s.149).}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 The petitioner did not make an explicit choice between saying that there was intercourse but that it was with consent and saying that there was no intercourse at all.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 He did not put one or other of those possible defences to prosecution witnessess by way of cross examination or in evidence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 He did not indeed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 give evidence himself or call any witnesses and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 he cross examined only one state witness, but without indicating what his defence was.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 By contrast the disciplinar y proceedings alleged sexual intercourse by a teacher with a student at the school.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Lack of consent was not an issue.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 The charges were substantially different.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 On their face they were not prevented by Regulation 53. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 It is true, as}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 counsel says, that at the criminal trial the petitioner did not raise the issue of consent \endash a position which would likely lead to the inference that intercourse}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 had in fact occurred. Nor however did he raise the issue of no intercourse at all.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 He simply remained silent. That general silence is understandable given the procedural}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 irregularities at the trial which led to the judgment in the High Court quashing the convictions and discharging the petitioner.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 But it is not possible to interpret his silence as meaning that there was no intercourse at all.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Nor can the verdict be interpreted in that way.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 So far as it is concerned, we recall the range of reasons, both of process and of substance, given by Fatiaki J. for allowing the appeal against the rape convictions. The petitioner, even }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 with the benefit of that High Court decision, was required to raise that defence of no intercourse in response to the disciplinary charges.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 That was particularly so because, as he was advised, of the adverse inference that was to be drawn against him in terms of Regulation 41 (3) if he failed to respond. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 We should add, although it is not necessary to do so, that we should not be taken to agree with the Court of Appeal\rquote s characterisation of the initial High Court decision as an acquittal for the purpose of Regulation 53.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 We accordingly concluded that the}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 application for judicial review sought on the basis of Regulation 53 had to fail.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 The petition did not raise an issue falling within s.7(3) of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 the Supreme Court Act.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Special leave to }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617 appeal was accordingly refused.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Hon. Justice John von Doussa, \par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Judge of}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5651617\charrsid5651617 }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Supreme Court \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Rt. Hon. Justice Sir Kenneth Keith \par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Judge of Supreme Court \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Hon. Justice Robert French \par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Judge of Supreme Court \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5651617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Solicitors: \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1780123\charrsid5651617 Tuberi Chambers, Suva for the Petitioner \par Office of the Attorney General, Suva for the Respondents \par }}