{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\f2\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Courier New;}{\f3\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol;}{\f10\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings;}
{\f36\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f37\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\f39\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f40\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\f41\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\f42\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\f43\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f44\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\f56\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f57\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}{\f59\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f60\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;}{\f61\fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}
{\f62\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}{\f63\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f64\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;
\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;
\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive 
\strike0\f0\fs20\expnd0\expndtw0\cf1\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof \ssemihidden Default Paragraph Font;}{\*
\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\langnp1024\langfenp1024 \snext11 \ssemihidden Normal Table;}}{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid758949462\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4
\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat2\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid227974972\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 \fi-360\li1800\jclisttab\tx1800\lin1800 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li2520\jclisttab\tx2520\lin2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li3240\jclisttab\tx3240\lin3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703
\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li3960\jclisttab\tx3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li4680
\jclisttab\tx4680\lin4680 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li5400\jclisttab\tx5400\lin5400 }{\listlevel
\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li6120\jclisttab\tx6120\lin6120 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li6840\jclisttab\tx6840\lin6840 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li7560\jclisttab\tx7560\lin7560 }{\listname ;}\listid112486564}{\list\listtemplateid-905281748\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat9\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1007333364\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 \fi-360\li2520\jclisttab\tx2520\lin2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li3240\jclisttab\tx3240\lin3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li3960\jclisttab\tx3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703
\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li4680\jclisttab\tx4680\lin4680 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li5400
\jclisttab\tx5400\lin5400 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li6120\jclisttab\tx6120\lin6120 }{\listlevel
\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li6840\jclisttab\tx6840\lin6840 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li7560\jclisttab\tx7560\lin7560 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li8280\jclisttab\tx8280\lin8280 }{\listname ;}\listid199245174}{\list\listtemplateid1277607074\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat2\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid2122201198\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 \fi-390\li1830\jclisttab\tx1830\lin1830 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li2520\jclisttab\tx2520\lin2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li3240\jclisttab\tx3240\lin3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703
\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li3960\jclisttab\tx3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li4680
\jclisttab\tx4680\lin4680 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li5400\jclisttab\tx5400\lin5400 }{\listlevel
\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li6120\jclisttab\tx6120\lin6120 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li6840\jclisttab\tx6840\lin6840 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li7560\jclisttab\tx7560\lin7560 }{\listname ;}\listid413552638}{\list\listtemplateid-474821948\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid313153852\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 \fi-360\li1080\jclisttab\tx1080\lin1080 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li1800\jclisttab\tx1800\lin1800 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li2520\jclisttab\tx2520\lin2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703
\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li3240\jclisttab\tx3240\lin3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li3960
\jclisttab\tx3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li4680\jclisttab\tx4680\lin4680 }{\listlevel
\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li5400\jclisttab\tx5400\lin5400 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li6120\jclisttab\tx6120\lin6120 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li6840\jclisttab\tx6840\lin6840 }{\listname ;}\listid523637415}{\list\listtemplateid896717200\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1599769626\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 \fi-360\li1800\jclisttab\tx1800\lin1800 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li2520\jclisttab\tx2520\lin2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li3240\jclisttab\tx3240\lin3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703
\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li3960\jclisttab\tx3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li4680
\jclisttab\tx4680\lin4680 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li5400\jclisttab\tx5400\lin5400 }{\listlevel
\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li6120\jclisttab\tx6120\lin6120 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li6840\jclisttab\tx6840\lin6840 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li7560\jclisttab\tx7560\lin7560 }{\listname ;}\listid564754288}{\list\listtemplateid1547729070\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-739618010\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 \fi-720\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li3240\jclisttab\tx3240\lin3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li3960\jclisttab\tx3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703
\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li4680\jclisttab\tx4680\lin4680 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li5400
\jclisttab\tx5400\lin5400 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li6120\jclisttab\tx6120\lin6120 }{\listlevel
\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li6840\jclisttab\tx6840\lin6840 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li7560\jclisttab\tx7560\lin7560 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li8280\jclisttab\tx8280\lin8280 }{\listname ;}\listid624888613}{\list\listtemplateid-905281748{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat9\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 \fi-360\li2520\jclisttab\tx2520\lin2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li3240\jclisttab\tx3240\lin3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li3960
\jclisttab\tx3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li4680\jclisttab\tx4680\lin4680 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0
\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li5400\jclisttab\tx5400\lin5400 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li6120\jclisttab\tx6120\lin6120 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li6840
\jclisttab\tx6840\lin6840 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li7560\jclisttab\tx7560\lin7560 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2
\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li8280\jclisttab\tx8280\lin8280 }{\listname ;}\listid925190673}{\list\listtemplateid-905281748{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0
\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat9\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 \fi-360\li2520\jclisttab\tx2520\lin2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li3240\jclisttab\tx3240\lin3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li3960
\jclisttab\tx3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li4680\jclisttab\tx4680\lin4680 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0
\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li5400\jclisttab\tx5400\lin5400 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li6120\jclisttab\tx6120\lin6120 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li6840
\jclisttab\tx6840\lin6840 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li7560\jclisttab\tx7560\lin7560 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2
\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li8280\jclisttab\tx8280\lin8280 }{\listname ;}\listid1273198337}{\list\listtemplateid-124076610\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2
\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-667780146\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 \fi-720\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li3240\jclisttab\tx3240\lin3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li3960\jclisttab\tx3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703
\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li4680\jclisttab\tx4680\lin4680 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li5400
\jclisttab\tx5400\lin5400 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li6120\jclisttab\tx6120\lin6120 }{\listlevel
\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li6840\jclisttab\tx6840\lin6840 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li7560\jclisttab\tx7560\lin7560 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li8280\jclisttab\tx8280\lin8280 }{\listname ;}\listid1380394730}{\list\listtemplateid1915763784\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat5\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698689\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\loch\af3\hich\af3\dbch\af0\fbias0 \fi-360\li720\jclisttab\tx720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698691\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0 \fi-360\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698693\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0 \fi-360\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid67698689\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0 \fi-360\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698691
\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0 \fi-360\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698693\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}
\f10\fbias0 \fi-360\li4320\jclisttab\tx4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698689\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0 \fi-360\li5040
\jclisttab\tx5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698691\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0 \fi-360\li5760\jclisttab\tx5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel
\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698693\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0 \fi-360\li6480\jclisttab\tx6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid1503352485}
{\list\listtemplateid1421923538\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1396621706\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 \fi-720\li2880
\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li3240\jclisttab\tx3240\lin3240 }{\listlevel
\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li3960\jclisttab\tx3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li4680\jclisttab\tx4680\lin4680 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li5400\jclisttab\tx5400\lin5400 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li6120\jclisttab\tx6120\lin6120 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703
\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li6840\jclisttab\tx6840\lin6840 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li7560
\jclisttab\tx7560\lin7560 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li8280\jclisttab\tx8280\lin8280 }{\listname 
;}\listid1778911058}{\list\listtemplateid-1913988144\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-647491842\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 
\fi-360\li1800\jclisttab\tx1800\lin1800 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li2520\jclisttab\tx2520\lin2520 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li3240\jclisttab\tx3240\lin3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0
\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li3960\jclisttab\tx3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li4680\jclisttab\tx4680\lin4680 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li5400\jclisttab\tx5400\lin5400 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703
\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li6120\jclisttab\tx6120\lin6120 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li6840
\jclisttab\tx6840\lin6840 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li7560\jclisttab\tx7560\lin7560 }{\listname 
;}\listid2122065460}{\list\listtemplateid656593320\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid297038250\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 \fi-720\li2160
\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134169\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li2520\jclisttab\tx2520\lin2520 }{\listlevel
\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134171\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li3240\jclisttab\tx3240\lin3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134159\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li3960\jclisttab\tx3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134169\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li4680\jclisttab\tx4680\lin4680 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid336134171\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li5400\jclisttab\tx5400\lin5400 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134159
\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li6120\jclisttab\tx6120\lin6120 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134169\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}
\fi-360\li6840\jclisttab\tx6840\lin6840 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134171\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li7560\jclisttab\tx7560\lin7560 }
{\listname ;}\listid2140879603}}{\*\listoverridetable{\listoverride\listid1380394730\listoverridecount0\ls1}{\listoverride\listid1778911058\listoverridecount0\ls2}{\listoverride\listid413552638\listoverridecount0\ls3}{\listoverride\listid112486564
\listoverridecount0\ls4}{\listoverride\listid1503352485\listoverridecount0\ls5}{\listoverride\listid564754288\listoverridecount0\ls6}{\listoverride\listid624888613\listoverridecount0\ls7}{\listoverride\listid199245174\listoverridecount0\ls8}
{\listoverride\listid925190673\listoverridecount0\ls9}{\listoverride\listid1273198337\listoverridecount0\ls10}{\listoverride\listid2122065460\listoverridecount0\ls11}{\listoverride\listid523637415\listoverridecount0\ls12}{\listoverride\listid2140879603
\listoverridecount0\ls13}}{\*\revtbl {Unknown;}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid86721\rsid399383\rsid424482\rsid1126957\rsid1313338\rsid1904457\rsid1998804\rsid2232723\rsid2235685\rsid2315542\rsid2382984\rsid2390356\rsid2693599\rsid2843620\rsid2896548\rsid2953417\rsid3212545\rsid3423870
\rsid3429282\rsid3543258\rsid3562260\rsid3606672\rsid3892471\rsid4064325\rsid4337881\rsid4340242\rsid4405485\rsid4991514\rsid4992571\rsid5309323\rsid5657682\rsid5719746\rsid5912022\rsid6189570\rsid6501622\rsid6701895\rsid6834317\rsid6905219\rsid7022716
\rsid7044740\rsid7426019\rsid7483963\rsid8075295\rsid8126472\rsid8271994\rsid8791505\rsid8925607\rsid9401570\rsid9927009\rsid10106219\rsid10381608\rsid10685032\rsid10750852\rsid10773276\rsid10842573\rsid11088024\rsid11173577\rsid11361980\rsid11419758
\rsid11498854\rsid11557554\rsid11827478\rsid12406669\rsid12534689\rsid12605954\rsid12612565\rsid12664137\rsid13178692\rsid13724104\rsid13840621\rsid14228397\rsid14579199\rsid14749059\rsid14886824\rsid14909295\rsid15485511\rsid15548085\rsid15806679
\rsid16463598}{\*\generator Microsoft Word 10.0.4219;}{\info{\title IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI }{\author Nayasi_E}{\operator ehndvaun_d}{\creatim\yr2003\mo9\dy9\hr16\min30}{\revtim\yr2003\mo9\dy9\hr16\min30}{\version3}{\edmins1}{\nofpages35}
{\nofwords15032}{\nofchars85684}{\*\company USP}{\nofcharsws100515}{\vern16469}}\paperw11904\paperh16834\margl1440\margr1440 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace0\dgvspace0\dghorigin0
\dgvorigin0\dghshow0\dgvshow0\jexpand\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot2232723 \donotshowmarkup1\fet0\sectd \linex0\headery360\footery360\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang 
{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}
{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9
\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 \fs20\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 CIVIL JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8075295\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 PETITION FOR SPECIAL}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 TO APPEAL
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8075295\charrsid10773276 NO: CBV0001/2002S
\par 
\par BETWEEN:
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8075295\charrsid10773276 PREM SINGH
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8075295\charrsid10773276 Petitioner
\par 
\par AND:
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 KRISHNA PRASAD}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8075295\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8075295\charrsid10773276 First Respondent
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8075295\charrsid10773276 RUPENI NACEWA
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8075295\charrsid10773276 Second Respondent
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8075295\charrsid10773276 WALTER RIGAMOTO
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8075295\charrsid10773276 Third Respondent
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8075295\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8075295\charrsid10773276 _____________
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8075295\charrsid10773276 JUDGEMENT OF THE COURT
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8075295\charrsid10773276 
\par ____________}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8075295\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 DELIVERED ON THURSDAY}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8075295\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 THE }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8075295\charrsid10773276 29}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid8075295\charrsid10773276 TH}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8075295\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 DAY OF AUGU}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8075295\charrsid10773276 S}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8075295\charrsid10773276  2002}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8075295\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8075295\charrsid10773276 PREM SINGH V KRISHNA PRASAD & ors}{
\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8075295\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8075295\charrsid10773276 Summary
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8075295\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The document I am reading is not the whole of the judgments of the Supreme Court but a summary which may help the parties and the public to understand the decision. The f}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886824\charrsid10773276 u}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ll Judgments are the only authoritative documents.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886824\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
Following the General Election held in August/September 2001, Mr Prasad brought an election petition in respect of the Nadi Open constituency which was 
heard by the High Court, sitting as the Court of Disputed Returns. The outcome was that the Court declared Mr Singh was not the elected member, and declared Mr Prasad to be the duly elected member.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886824\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 When Mr Singh brought an appeal to the Court of Appeal, that Court decided there was no right of appeal.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886824\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Mr Singh then brought an application for special leave to appeal to the Supreme Court. The Court heard argument on the application, and also heard argument on the appeal itself.

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886824\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 In deciding whether to grant
 leave to appeal, the Supreme Court would not grant leave if the judgment in question was clearly right. The Court examined the correctness of the ruling given in the High Court, relating to the validity of ticks placed }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 below the line}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  on ballot papers, and decided it was incorrect. This is the unanimous view of all three Judges.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886824\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The Court then granted leave to appeal, because the case involved a far reaching question of law, a matter of great general or public importance, and a matter otherwise of substa
ntial interest to the administration of justice.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886824\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
In dealing with the appeal itself, the Court was faced with the fact, as was the Court of Appeal, that Parliament has decreed that a determination by the High Court on an Election Petition of this kind is f
inal. On behalf of Mr Singh arguments have been advanced why, despite this provision, there is a right of appeal but like the Court of Appeal, the Supreme Court has concluded, by a majority, that there is not.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886824\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The result is that although the Court conside
rs the interpretation the Court of Disputed Returns placed upon the Electoral Act is wrong, neither the Court of Appeal nor the Supreme Court has any power to intervene, because Parliament has provided that the question of interpretation involved must be 
finally decided by the Court of Disputed Returns.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886824\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
This provision in the Electoral Act is based on long standing precedents. Parliaments the world over have legislated that questions arising out of an election have to be brought to early finality so that Pa
rliament can be constituted and go about its essential work.
\par 
\par The formal outcome therefore is that special leave to appeal is granted but the appeal is dismissed. The question of costs has been reserved and written submissions on costs are to be filed and served within 28 days.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886824\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886824\charrsid10773276 _______________________
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886824\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886824\charrsid10773276 IN THE SUPREME COURT, FIJI ISLANDS
\par AT SUVA
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886824\charrsid10773276 
\par CIVIL APPEAL NO. CBV0001 OF 2002S
\par (Court of Appeal Civil Appeal No. ABU0006/02s)
\par 
\par BETWEEN:
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886824\charrsid10773276 PREM SINGH
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886824\charrsid10773276 [Petitioner]
\par 
\par AND:
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886824\charrsid10773276 KRISHNA PRASAD
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886824\charrsid10773276 [First Respondent]
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886824\charrsid10773276 RUPENI NACEWA
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886824\charrsid10773276 [Second Respondent]
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886824\charrsid10773276 WALTER RIGAMOTO
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886824\charrsid10773276 [Third Respondent]
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886824\charrsid10773276 
\par C}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 oram}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886824\charrsid10773276 :\tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Rt}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886824\charrsid10773276 . }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Hon. Sir Thomas Eichelba}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886824\charrsid10773276 u}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 m, Presiding Judge }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14886824\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 Rt. Hon. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Dame Sian Elias
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 Hon. J}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ustice Bryan Beaumont
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 
\par H}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 earing}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 :\tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 25, 26, 27 June 2002, Suva

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Counsel:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 \tab Messrs. D. S. Naidu, R. Sin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
gh an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 d S. Krishna for the Petitioner
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Messrs V.M. Mishra and R. P}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 rakash for the First Respondent
\par Mr. S. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Banuve for the Second and Third Respondents
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Date of Judgment:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 \tab 29}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276  AUGUST 2002
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 ________________
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 JUDGMENT OF EICHEL}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 BAUM}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 & BEAUMONT JJ
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 ________________
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 Introduction
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
Prem Singh (the applicant) and Krishna Prasad (the first respondent) were candidates for the seat of Nadi Open in the General Election hold in August/September, 2001. After the election, the Returning Officer declared the applicant the elected member.
 However,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
upon an electoral petition by the first respondent, the Court of Disputed Returns (Gates J) declared that the applicant was not the elected member; and that the first respondent was the duly elected member.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The applicant filed a notice of appeal to the Court to Appeal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 That Court (Barker and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4064325\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
Davies JJA) dismissed the appeal for want of jurisdiction.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The applicant now seeks}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4064325\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 special leave to appeal from this judgment. We have heard full argument on the petition}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4064325\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 for special leave, upon the agreed footing that if we decided to grant lea}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2382984\charrsid10773276 ve}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 , we would be in a position then to deal also with the appeal itself.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 In order to understand the reasons of the Court of Appeal for dismissing the appeal for want of jurisdiction, reference should be made to the relevant provisions of the
\par Constitution as follows:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 jurisdiction}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 of the Co}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 urt}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  of Disputed Returns conferred by the Constitution
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 This jurisdiction of the Court of Disputed Returns is provided by s 73 of the Constitution:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 7.3}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2382984\charrsid10773276 (1)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The High Court is the Court of Disputed Returns and ha}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2382984\charrsid10773276 s original }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\sub\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 jurisdiction to hear and determine:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (a)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }
{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 a question whether a person has been validly elected as a}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276  member}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  of the House of Representatives; and}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (b)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }
{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2382984\charrsid10773276 an}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2382984\charrsid10773276 application}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\sub\langnp2057\insrsid2382984\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2382984\charrsid10773276 for}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 a declaration that the place of a member of the House of Representatives or the Senate has become vacant.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \qj \li864\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin864\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (2)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The validity of an election or return may be disputed by petition addressed to the Court }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2382984\charrsid10773276 
of Disputed Returns and not oth}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2382984\charrsid10773276 rwis}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li864\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin864\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 (3)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The petition:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3606672\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (a)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }
{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 may only be brought by:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 (i)}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 a person who had a right to vote in the election concerned}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 ;}{
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (ii)}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 a person }{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2382984\charrsid10773276 w}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ho}{
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2382984\charrsid10773276  w}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 as a candidate in that election; or
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (iii)}{
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 the Attorney}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}{
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 General; and
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (b)}{
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 except if corrupt practice is alleged, must be brought }{
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2382984\charrsid10773276 w}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ithin }{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2382984\charrsid10773276 6}{
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  wee}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2382984\charrsid10773276 k}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
s of the declaration of the}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 poll.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 (4)}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 If the petitioner is}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2382984\charrsid10773276  n}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
ot the Attorney}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 General, }{
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2382984\charrsid10773276 th}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e Attor}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2382984\charrsid10773276 ney-}{
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 General may intervene in the proceedings.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (5)}{
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Proceedings pursuant to paragraph (1)(b) may only }{
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2382984\charrsid10773276 b}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e brought by:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (a)}{
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 a member of the Parliament;
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (b)}{
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 a voter registered o}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2382984\charrsid10773276 n}{
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  any electoral roll; or
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 (c) }{
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 the Attorney}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 General.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (}{
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 6}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 )}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 If the proceedings are not brought by the Attorney}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2382984\charrsid10773276 -}{
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 General}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 , the Attorne}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2382984\charrsid10773276 y}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ,}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
General may intervene in them.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 (7) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
A determination by the High Court in proceedings un}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 der}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  p}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 ara}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 graph (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 1}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 )(a)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 is }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 fi}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 nal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 jurisdiction}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 of the Court of A}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 pp}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 eal conferred by the Constitution
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 This jurisdiction is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
rovided by s 121 as follows:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 121.}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
(1) The Court of Appeal has jurisdiction, subject to this Constitution and to such requirements as the Parliament prescribes, to hear and determine appeals from }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2382984\charrsid10773276 all judgments}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  of the}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2382984\charrsid10773276  H}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 igh Court, and has such }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2382984\charrsid10773276 other jurisdiction}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  as is conferred by l}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 aw.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276 (2) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
Appeals lie to the Court of Appeal as of right from }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276 a final}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276 judgment}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  of the High Court }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276 in}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  any matter arising under this Constitution or involving its interpretation.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12605954\charrsid10773276 (3) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
The }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 Parliament may provide that appeals lie to the Court of Appeal, as of right or with leave, from other}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276 
 judgments of the High Court in}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276  accordance with such requirements}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  as the}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276  Parliament prescribes}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The Jurisdiction}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276  of th}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
e Supreme Court co}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 nfe}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 rred }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 
by}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  the Constitution
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 This jurisdiction is relevantly provided by s 122 as follows:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 122}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276  -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 1}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ) The Supreme Court has exclus}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 ive j}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
uris}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 d}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 iction,}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 su}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 b}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 jec}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 t}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  to such requirements as the Parliament prescribes, to hear an}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 d}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  determine appeals}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\sub\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 fro}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 m a}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ll f}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 inal}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 judgments}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  of the Court of}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276  A}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ppeal.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (2)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 A}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276 n}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  appeal may not }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276 b}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e brought from a }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\sub\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 final Ju}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276 d}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 gment }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276 of}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276 the Court of }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Appeal unless:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (a)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }
{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 the }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Court of Appeal g}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 
ives leave to appeal on a}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  question certified by it to }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 b}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 o}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
f significant public importance; or
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 (b) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
the Supreme Court g}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 iv}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 es special lea}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 
v}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e to appeal.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 (3)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276  In}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  the exercise of its }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276 appellate jurisdiction}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 , the Supreme Court has }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276 p}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ower to }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276 review, vary}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 , set }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276 aside}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  or }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276 af}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 fi}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276 rm d}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ecisions or o}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276 rder}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 s of the Court of Appeal and }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276 m}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ay ma}
{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276 k}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e such orders inclu}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276 ding an order}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  for }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276 a new}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  trial and an order for }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276 aw}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ard of costs) as are }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276 necessary f}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 or the a}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276 dminis}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 tra}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276 tion}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  of justice.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (4)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .............................................}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 ...}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 5}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ) ................................................}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The provisions of the Electoral Act with respect to the Court of Disputed Returns

\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1904457\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The relevant provisions of Part 7 of the }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Electoral Act 199}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2896548\charrsid10773276 8}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  (}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 the Electoral Act}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ) with}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15806679\charrsid10773276 respect to the Court }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 of Disputed Returns should also be noticed at this point, as follows:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15806679\charrsid10773276 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The requisites of an Electoral petition are specified. It mu
st, amongst other things, set out the facts relied on to invalidate the election or return, with sufficient particularity to identify the specific matters relied on (s 144(a), (b)).
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15806679\charrsid10773276 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The Attorney General or the Supervisor may intervene (s 146(4)).
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15806679\charrsid10773276 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The Court's powers include powers to declare that any person who was returned as elected was not duly elected; and to declare any candidate d}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11557554\charrsid10773276 u}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ly elected who was not returned as elected (s 148(l)(f)).
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15806679\charrsid10773276 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The Court must give its decision and make an order on a petition as soon as practicable (s 153(1)).
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15806679\charrsid10773276 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The right of appeal against any decision of the Court is governed by s 73(7) of the Constitution (s 153(2)).
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15806679\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The appeal to the Court of Appeal
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15806679\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 On 19 February 2002, the applicant filed a Notice of Appeal to the Court of Appeal from the decision of Gates J, in essence upon the following grounds:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15806679\charrsid10773276 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 First, that s 116 of the Electoral Act (which provides that certain ballot papers are invalid) was interpreted wrongly, and contrary to s.54 of the Constitution (which provide
s that the election of a member for each constituency is conducted under the preferential system of known as the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 alternative}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  vote (s 54(1)); and provides that the Parliament may make laws relating to elections }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11557554\charrsid10773276 for the H}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ouse of Representatives (s 54(2))).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15806679\charrsid10773276 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Secondly}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11557554\charrsid10773276 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 that the Court of Disputed Returns acted beyond its powers in its construction of s 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11557554\charrsid10773276 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
6 of the Electoral Act and s 54 of the Constitution in allowing the validation of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 below the line}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  ticks on Part }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11557554\charrsid10773276 II}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  ballot papers opposite the names of the individual.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15806679\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
In argument before the Court of Appeal, it was submitted for the applicant that his appeal was not precluded by the provisions of s 73(7) of the Constitution, (by which, as previously noticed, it is provided that the Court of Disputed Returns de
termination }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 is final}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ) for these reasons:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15806679\charrsid10773276 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 A right of appeal was available here by virtue of the provisions of s 121 of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11557554\charrsid10773276 t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 he Constitution (which provides for a right of appeal to the Court of Appeal from a judgment of the High Court in any matter arising u
nder the Constitution or involving its interpretation).
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15806679\charrsid10773276 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid15806679\charrsid10773276 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15806679\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
The functions exercised by the High Court sitting as a Court of Disputed Returns is an original jurisdiction of the High Court conferred on it by the Constitution, being functions which are consiste
nt with its jurisdiction in dealing with other civil cases.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15806679\charrsid10773276 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 In his interpretation of s 116, the Judge }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
acted as a legislator}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  by allowing votes to be counted which the Electoral Act did not permit.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15806679\charrsid10773276 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The Judge thereby contravened s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11557554\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
54 of the Constitution, which provision mandated the preferential system of voting known as the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 alternative}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  vote.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15806679\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15806679\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
The Court of Appeal's reasons for dismissal of the appeal for want of jurisdiction
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15806679\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The reasons of the Court of Appeal for dismissing the appeal were, in essence,
 as follows:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15806679\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15806679\charrsid10773276 * \tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
Section 121(2) of the Constitution cannot give a right of appeal from the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Court of Disputed Returns to the Court of Appeal.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The Court's jurisdiction under s 121(1) of the Constitution is expressed to be }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 subject to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  the Constitution, and to such requirements as the Parliament prescribes. Where the Constitution has specifically stated, in s 73(7), that there is to be no right of ap}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11557554\charrsid10773276 peal from the Court of Disputed }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Returns, that provision overrides a general provision such as s 121(2). In other
 words, s 121(l) governs the interpretation of s 121(2).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Therefore, s 121(2) cannot give a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11557554\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 right of appeal from the High Court sitting as the Court of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15806679\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Disputed Returns.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11557554\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15806679\charrsid10773276 * \tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 This interpretation accords with experience in many Commonwealth jurisdictions. Pro
visions denying appeals from electoral courts are }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 fairly universal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 , for the reason (citing the Privy Council in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Theberge v. La}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2843620\charrsid10773276 udr}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 y}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 (1876) 2 App. Cas. 102 at 106) that the jurisdiction is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 extremely special}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  and one of its}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 incidents or consequences must be that, by whomsoever it is to be exercised, it}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 should be exercised in a way that should as soon as possible become conclusive}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  and enable the constitution of the Parliament }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 to be distinctly and speedily known.'' A similar perspective was tak}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276 e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 n by the Privy Council in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Nair v. Teik}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 [1967] 2 AC 31 at 39}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 40, a Malaysian appeal, where similar decisions on appeal}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276  fro}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 m Sri Lanka and Belize were noted. Similarly, in }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Re Wellington Central}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
Election Petition}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  [1973] 2 NZLR 470, the New Zealand Electoral (Full) Court}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (Wild CJ, Roper and Coo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2843620\charrsid10773276 k}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e JJ) (citing }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Nair}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2843620\charrsid10773276 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  above, at 38) said: }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The assembly itself and the electors of the representatives thereto should know their rights at the earliest possible moment}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 . Because of the finality of the decision of the Election Court, the New Zealand legislation mandates a court of three judges.

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 *}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276 \tab In any event, s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 121(2) of the Constitution does not have unlimited}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
application.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
It applies only when the judgment appealed from involves a matter arising under the Constitution, or its interpretation.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Citing the Court of Appeal in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Kulavere v The State}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  (13 August 1999, Tikaram P, Eichelbaum and Handley JJA) at 3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 4 (itself citing High Court of Australia authorities) the question is whether in the judgment below, the interpretation of the provisions of the Constitution is }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 essential or relevant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  to the questions of statutory interpretation arising.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Here,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
Gates J was required to interpret the provisions of the Electoral Act, which he did without interpreting any part of the Constitution. The fact that the subject}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 matter of the case, namely an election, is a topic discussed at length in the Constitution is}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 irrelevant. In }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Kulavere }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
where the subject of the argument (the right to a fair trial) also featured in the Constitution, as in this case, the Constitution was not }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 involved or entangled}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 in the controversy. Nor was any provision of the Constitution }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 essential or relevant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  to the question of statutory interpretation arising.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 * \tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Further, no right of appeal can be }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 manufactured}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  by claiming that the Judge was acting as a }
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 legislator}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2843620\charrsid10773276 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  when he was merely the interpreter of the work of the legislature.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
The Judge held that even where a voter had failed to observe the statutory voting instructions, the vote would still be counted, if the voter's intentions were clear from the ballot paper. (We interpolate, that is not how we}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 construe the Judge's reasoning.) The Court of Appeal was not in a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276  po}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 sition to rule}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 whether the Judge's interpretation was ri}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276 ght}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 or wrong. Even if he did make an error of law, he did so 
whilst exercising his undoubted jurisdiction as the Court of Disputed Returns.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
As already held, no right of appeal or review is possible because of s 73(7) of the Constitution, supported by s 153(2) of the Electoral Act.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Should special leave to appeal be granted?
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Section 7(3) of the }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Supreme Court Act 1998}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  provides that in relation to a civil matter (including one involving a constitutional question), this Court must not grant special leave unless the case raises:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2843620\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (a) A far}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 reaching question of law;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (b)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 A matter of great general or public importance;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (c)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 A matter that is otherwise of substantial general interest to the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 administration of justice.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The present case, in our view, plainly satisfies each of ingredients (a), (b) and (c) above. On the other hand, if the Court of Appeal was in our opinion, not merely correct in its}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 judgment, but clearly correct, we would not have granted special leave. (See }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ANZ Banking Group v Merchant Bank of Fiji }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 CBV0001 of 1995, judgment 21 November 1995). But, having had the 
benefit of full argument as on an appeal, we have concluded}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 that the Judge's interpretation of s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2843620\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
116 was wrong and that it is arguable, for the reasons we give below, that the Court of Appeal was not correct in dismissing the appeal for want}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 of jurisdiction, for the reasons it gave.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
We therefore grant special leave to appeal and proceed now}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2843620\charrsid10773276  t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 o the appeal itself}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276 The grounds of the appeal to this Court
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 In essence, the appellant relies upon the following as the grounds for his appeal:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276 (1) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
The High Court fundamentally misapprehended the issue before it, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16463598\charrsid10773276 and misconstrued}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 the statutory provisions it was bound to apply, viz. s 54 of the Constitution and s 116(3)(d) of the Electoral Act. The High Court's errors of law went to its jurisdiction, such that s 73(7) 
could not operate so as to preclude the appellant's appeal to the Court of Appeal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1313338 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (2)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The High Court's determination was made in relation to a matter arising under the Constitution, or involving its interpretation, thus giving rise to a right of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10685032\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 appeal to the Court of Appeal by virtue of s 121(2) of the Constitution.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Consideration of the appeal
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 It will be convenient to turn first to analyse the character of the errors of law which, the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1313338  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 appellant contends, were involved in the determination of the Court of Disputed Returns.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Did the Court of Disputed Returns make an error of law which went to its
\par jurisdiction?
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The question before the Court of Disputed Returns related to voters' completion of the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1313338  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 form of ballot paper described in the Electoral Act as a Part II ballot paper. We need to refer to the relevant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10685032\charrsid10773276  }
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 provisions of the Electoral Act.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Section 59 provi}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10685032\charrsid10773276 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 es that if a candidate is endorsed by a registered political party, the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14909295\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 registered symbol of that party must be printed next to the name of the candidat
e on the ballot paper. If the candidate is not endorsed by a party, the section makes provision for}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1313338  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
the allocation of a symbol to the candidate. Again, the symbol must be printed adjacent t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276 o the candid}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10685032\charrsid10773276 ate\rquote 
s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 name.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276 Section }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
57(5) provides that where one or m
ore registered political parties or independent candidates lodged a list of preferences in respect of a constituency (which, we interpolate, was the position in the case of the Nadi constituency) the ballot paper must be a Part }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10685032\charrsid10773276 II}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  paper, in the form set ou
t in a schedule to the Electoral Act. The scheduled form shows that the party names are to be in the top half of the form, i.e. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 above the line}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
. This popular expression arises from the presence of a line between the top and lower parts of the form.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 One o
f the consequences of the provisions of ss 57 and 59 and the prescribed form of ballot paper, is that the symbols relating to parties or independent candidates appear twice, once in the top half (in association with the party name or the name o}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10685032\charrsid10773276 f an independent candidate) and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  once in the lower half (in association with the candidate's name).
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Section 58 deals with the determination of the order in which candidates' names appear}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1313338  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 on the ballot paper. Sub}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
section 58(6) provides that in the case of a Part }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10685032\charrsid10773276 II}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  pap
er, the names of registered political parties, or independent candidates, which or who have lodged a list of preferences, must appear in the same order as the symbols for each party}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1313338  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 or independent candidate pursuant to s 59(2)(c).
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Section 75 of the Electoral Act provides:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10685032\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276 75}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10685032\charrsid10773276 .-}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276 1}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 )}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 If a ballot paper handed to a voter is a Part I ballot paper, the voter }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276 
must mark his or her vote on the ballot paper by:}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (a)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }
{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 writing the number 1 in the square opposite the name of the candidate for whom the voter votes as his or her first preference; and
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (b)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }
{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 writing the numbers 2,3,4 (and so on, as the case requires)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10685032\charrsid10773276  i}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 n the squares opposite the na}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10685032\charrsid10773276 mes}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 of all the remaining}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276  can}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 didates so as to indicate the o}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10685032\charrsid10773276 rd}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 er of the }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10685032\charrsid10773276 vo}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ter's preference }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276 f}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 or the}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276 m}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276 (2) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
If a ballot paper}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276  hand}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ed to a }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276 
voter is a Part II ballot paper, th}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e voter may mark }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276 his or h}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 er vote on the ballot paper:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1313338 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1313338 (a) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
either in the manner described in subsection (1); or
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1313338 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10685032\charrsid1313338 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1313338 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1313338 (b) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276 
by placing a tick in one o}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 f the boxes which a}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276 p}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 pear }{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 at the to}{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276 p}{
\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  o}{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1313338 f}{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  the ballot }{
\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276 p}{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 a}{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8925607\charrsid10773276 p}{
\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 er}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  opposite the name of a registered political party or independent candidate,}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276  
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid1313338 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1313338 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 but}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10685032\charrsid10773276 ,}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  subject to section 116(3), may not do both.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11173577 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (We have underlined part of subs 2(b).)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Section 116 provides:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 116}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11173577 .}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11173577  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 1}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ) }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 A}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  ballot paper}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 \endash }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (a)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }
{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 that does not }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10685032\charrsid10773276 h}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 a}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10685032\charrsid10773276 v}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e on its }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10685032\charrsid10773276 b}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ack the initials}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10685032\charrsid10773276  o}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 f t
he presiding officer or clerk or the }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10685032\charrsid10773276 official}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  mark referred to}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10685032\charrsid10773276  [}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 sic}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10685032\charrsid10773276 ]}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  section}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276  7}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 3(1)(c);
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 (b}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 )}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 on wh}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
ich anything is written or marked by which, in the }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 opinion of the returning officer, the voter can b}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
e identified;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (c)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }
{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 that has no vote indicated on it; or
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11173577 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10685032\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 d}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 )}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 that does not indicate the votes }
{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10685032\charrsid10773276 [}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 sic]}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10685032\charrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 first pr}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10685032\charrsid10773276 eference for one candidate and th}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 order of his or her preference}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276  f}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 or all the other}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 candidat}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 es in accordance with section 75}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ,
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11173577 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 is, subject to this section, invalid and any votes marked on it must not}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276  b}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e counted}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 .}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11173577 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (2)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 In the case of }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 a Part I ballot pap}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
er }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 \endash }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (a)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }
{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 if a voter has indicated a first preference }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\sub\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 for one candidate and a}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276 n}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 order of preference }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\sub\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 for all the remaining candidates except one and the square opposite the name }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276 o}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 f that candidate has been left blank, the voter's preference}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 for that candidate must he taken to be the voter's last and, accordingly, the }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276 v}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 oter is to be taken as having indicated an order }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276 of }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 preference for all the candidates;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 (b)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 if there are 2 candidates on}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 ly and the voter has indicated a }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 f}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 irst}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  preference for }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 o}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ne candidate }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 and}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  has left the other s}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 quare }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
blank or has placed a number other than 2 in it, the vote}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 r}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  is to }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 b}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e taken as having indicated an order of preference}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 for }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6701895\charrsid10773276 a}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ll the candidates;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (c)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }
{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276 i}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 f there are 3 candidates the provisions }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 of (l)(d}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 and (2)}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (a) apply}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 .}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11173577 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (d)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276  }
{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 if there are }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 4 or m}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ore candidates }
{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 and \endash }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11173577 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid11173577 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11173577 (i) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
the voter has placed the number I in the square opp}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 osite the name of one candidate;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 (ii) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
the voter has not placed the number I in the square opposite the name of another candidate; and
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 iii)
}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 in not less than 75}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 %}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  of the squares opposite the names of candidates the }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276 vo}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ter has placed numbers in a sequence of consecutive numbers starting with the num}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 b}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11173577 er 1}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ,}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11173577 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11173577\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11173577 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 then }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 
-}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (i}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 v}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 )}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 the ballot paper is not invalid;

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (v)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }
{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 the number }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276 1}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  is to he take
n as indicating the }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 voter}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276 \rquote }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 s }
{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 first}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 preference; and
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (vi)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  
}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 the voter to }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276 [}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 sic] to }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276 b}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e taken to have indicated an order of preference by the other numbers in that sequence.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 (3) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
In the case of a Part}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276  II}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  ballot paper }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 \endash }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (a)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }
{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 if the voter has placed numbers opposite the na}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276 m}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 es }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276 of individual candidates, the rul}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
es set out in subsection (2) apply for ascertaining whether the ballot paper is valid in respect of indiv}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276 idua}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 l candidates;
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11173577 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid11173577 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (b)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }
{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 if the voter ha}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 s placed }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 num}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 bers as aforesaid a}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 n}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 d }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 \endash }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (i)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }
{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 by applying the r}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276 ules set out in}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 subsection (2) the ballot paper would be invalid in respect of individual candidates; but
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (ii)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  
}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 there is }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 a}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  tick opposite the }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 nam}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 o}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 f one, and onl}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 y}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  one, }{
\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 reg}{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 istered political party or independent candidate which or who has lodged a list of candidates }{
\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 under}{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 section 6}{
\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 l}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ,
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 the order of preference shown o}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 n}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  that list in re}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 s}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 pect }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 of }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 individual candidates is to 
}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 b}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e treated }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 a}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 s the }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276 v}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 oter's order}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276  of}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  preference in respect of those candidates;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (c)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }
{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 if the voter has placed numbers }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 a}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
s aforesaid and b}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 y}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  applying the rules set out in sub}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 section (2) the ballot paper would be valid in respect}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276  o}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 f individual candidates, its validity will}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276  n}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ot be affected by the placing of a tick opposite the name of one}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 or more registered political parties or indepen}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 dent candidates which or who hav}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e lodged a list of candidates under section 61;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (d)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }
{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 if the voter has not placed numbers opposite the names of in}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276 dividual }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 candidates, but has placed a tick as described in paragraph (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276 b}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 )(ii), the pro}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276 visions }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
of that paragraph apply;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (e)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }
{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 if the }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276 v}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 oter has
 not placed numbers as aforesaid and has placed a tick opposite the n}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276 ame}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 of more than one registered political party or independent candidate, the ballot paper is invalid and any votes marked on it must not be counted.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (4)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 In consider}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4337881\charrsid10773276 i}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3429282\charrsid10773276 ng, for th}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e purpose of this section, whether numbers are in a }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2315542\charrsid10773276 sequence}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  of consecutive numbers, any number that is repeated must be disregarded and any preference after }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2315542\charrsid10773276 
the repeated number is invalid.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2315542\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Again, we have added underlining.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2315542\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 S}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2315542\charrsid10773276 ection 61 provides:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2315542\charrsid10773276 61. - }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (1)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 A regi
stered political party may, in respect of any constituency in which it has endorsed a candidate under section }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3892471\charrsid10773276 60}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 , lodge with the Supervisor a list of the candidates showing the order of preference in which the registered party would like to see the candida
tes placed by voters in that constituency.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2315542\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (2) An order o}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2315542\charrsid10773276 f pre}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ference in respect of }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2315542\charrsid10773276 a }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 constituency must be }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2315542\charrsid10773276 lodged}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 with the Supervisor not more than 7 d}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2315542\charrsid10773276 ay}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 s after the close}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2315542\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 of nominations in that constituency.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2315542\charrsid10773276 (3) An order of preference must be in writing and signed by
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2315542\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11173577 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11173577 (a) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2315542\charrsid10773276 
a registered officer of the registered political party concerned; and
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11173577 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2315542\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11173577 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11173577 (b) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2315542\charrsid10773276 
the Chairman or some other member of the executive body of the party.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2315542\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2315542\charrsid10773276 
(4) An order of preference must include a certificate that the order was agreed in accordance with the rules of procedure of the party.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2315542\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2315542\charrsid10773276 
(5) Where a list of candidates has been lodged in respect of a constituency in accordance with this section, the Supervisor must
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2315542\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11173577 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11173577 (a) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2315542\charrsid10773276 
cause notice of the list to be published in a newspaper and broadcast over a radio station accessible in the constituency; and
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid424482\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11173577 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11173577 (b) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2315542\charrsid10773276 
cause the list to be affixed to the outside of every polling station in the }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid424482\charrsid10773276 constituency}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2315542\charrsid10773276 
 at least one hour before the poll opens at that polling station.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid424482\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid424482\charrsid10773276 (6) If an order of preference in respect of a
 constituency has been lodged in accordance with this section, the ballot papers for that constituency must, so far as practicable, be in the form set out in Part II of the schedule.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid424482\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid424482\charrsid10773276 (7) If no order of preference has been lodged in respect of the constitu
ency, the ballot papers for that constituency must, so far as practicable, be in the form set out in Part I of the schedule.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11173577 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid424482\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid424482\charrsid10773276 (8) For purposes of this section, a candidate who has not been endorsed under s}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3892471\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid424482\charrsid10773276 60 (in this Act referred to as an }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid424482\charrsid10773276 Independent Candidate}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid424482\charrsid10773276 
) and who wishes to lodge an order of preference may do so as if he or she w}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3892471\charrsid10773276 ere}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid424482\charrsid10773276 
 a registered political party and this section, other than subsections (3) and (4), will apply to such a candidate.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid424482\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid424482\charrsid10773276 
\par We agree with the Court of Disputed Returns that the
 provisions of the Electorate Act regarding the manner in which ballot papers are to be completed are a code. This conclusion, gleaned from the detailed provisions referred to above, is strengthened by two further considerations. First, s 150 (2), providi
ng that an election must not be declared invalid because of }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 any omission or irregularity in filling up a prescribed form,}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid424482\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 specifically }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid424482\charrsid10773276 except}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  ballot papers from this dispensation.}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid424482\charrsid10773276  Second, whereas earlier legislation }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (s 55(2) of the }{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4992571\charrsid10773276 Electorate}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 Act 1971}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 , Cap 4) was to the effect th}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11173577 at}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ,}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11173577  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4992571\charrsid10773276 notwith}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
standing directions as to the method of recording a vote, if a returning officer was}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4992571\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
satisfied that the intention of the voter was clear beyond all reasonable doubt, he may at his discretion accept the ballot paper as a valid vote, the current Electoral Act does not contain any equivalent.
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4992571\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 In this constituency, there were seven individual candidates, all of whom either had lodged lists, or whose parties had done so. The Part I}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4992571\charrsid10773276 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  ballot paper showed, in the top half (or }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 above the line}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
) the names of 17 parties or independent candidates, and their symbols, while }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 below the line}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  there were the names of the seven individual candidates and their symbols.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15548085  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5719746\charrsid10773276 The aspect of the judgment }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
of the Court of Disputed Returns with which the Petitioner}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15548085  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
has taken issue involves, primarily, the interpretation of s 116(3)(d). A significant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15548085  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
number of voters who did not place numbers opposite the names of individual candidates,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15548085  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
placed a tick in one of the seven boxes in the lower half of the Part II ballot paper. These}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15548085  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 voters did not place}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4992571\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 any tick in the top half of the paper.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The Court held that the placing of the tick satisfied the requirement of the provisions of subs(3)(b)(ii).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Thus in the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15548085  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
opinion of the Court these votes should be counted as indicating the order of preference}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15548085  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 shown on the list of candidates }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5719746\charrsid10773276 l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 odged by the ticked party or independent candidate. The }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5719746\charrsid10773276 R}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 eturning Officer had treated these votes as invalid.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The decision of the Court of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15548085  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Disputed Returns resulted in the total count of votes being in favour of the first}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4992571\charrsid10773276  respondent. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par 
\par Para (b) of subs (3) applies primarily to the situation where the voter has indicated his or her preference by placing numbers. Under para (d), para (b)(ii) is also made applicable, by way of cross reference, to the situation where the voters has }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4992571\charrsid10773276 n}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ot}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 placed numbers. That concept has not caused us as much difficulty as appears to have been the case with the Court of Disputed Returns and counsel for the applicant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 As the Court correctly}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15548085  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 perceived, the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4992571\charrsid10773276 op}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ening words of para (b) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 if the voter has placed numbers as aforesaid}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4992571\charrsid10773276  -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4992571\charrsid10773276 must necessarily be }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ignored when applying part of para (b) to the situation postulated in }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4992571\charrsid10773276 para (d)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5719746\charrsid10773276 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4992571\charrsid10773276  n}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 amely where the voter has }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 not}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 placed any numbers.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Otherwise, as the Judge }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4992571\charrsid10773276 ob}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 served, (d) does not make sense.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 So where the voter has not placed any numbers, }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 b}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4992571\charrsid10773276 u}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15548085\charrsid15548085  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 has placed a tick as described in (b)(ii), the last mentioned provision applies.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 That is, the order of preference in the particular list (the list indicated by the placement of the tic
k) is treated as the voter's order of preference. Although the drafting of para (d) could have been more elegant, its meaning is clear. The result may be more obvious if we rewrite (d) with the inclusion of the cross referenced words:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4992571\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (d) If the voter has
 not placed numbers opposite the names of individual candidates, but has placed a tick opposite the name of one, and only one, registered political party or}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4992571\charrsid10773276 
 independent candidate which or w}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ho has lodged a list of candidates under section 61, the order of}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4992571\charrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 preference sho}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4992571\charrsid10773276 wn}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 on that list in respect of individual candidates is to be treated as the voter's order of preference}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4992571\charrsid10773276  i}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 n}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4992571\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 respect of those candidates.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3212545\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 So far so good.}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 However, s }
{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11827478\charrsid10773276 11}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 6(3)(b)(ii) does not validate }{
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 all}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  ticks wherever placed.}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }
{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 It. relates }{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 only }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 to ticks}
{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11827478\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11827478\charrsid10773276 o}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 pposite the name of one ... registered political party or independent}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3212545\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 candidate}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 (being a party or candidate who or which has lodged a list of preferences). Unfortunately, the Court of Disputed Returns did not examine the full meaning of the expression just quoted. In construing these words it is necessary to pay regard to s 75(2)}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11827478\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 which sets out the alternatives open to a voter issued with a Part }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11827478\charrsid10773276 II}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  ballot paper.}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The voter may either write in numbers, or alternatively place a tick }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 in one of the boxes }{\fs24\ul\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 which}{
\fs24\ul\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11827478\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\ul\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 appear at the top of the ballot paper}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  opposite the name of a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3212545\charrsid10773276  r}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
egistered political party or}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6501622\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 independent candidate.}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  (Emphasis added).
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3212545\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Section 75(2)(b) is subject to s 116(3), but only in a limited way. In general, to cast a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15548085  }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 valid vote a voter must not state }{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 both}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  a numerical order of preference }{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 and}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  place a tick}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15548085  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 opposite the name}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11827478\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
of a registered political party or independent candidate; but s 116(3) provides a limited dispensation. Nothing in s 75 however enables s 116(3) to authorise a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15548085  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 departure from the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11827478\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
requirement that a tick, to be valid, must be placed in one of the boxes }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3212545\charrsid10773276 wh}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ich appear at the top }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3212545\charrsid10773276 o}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 f the ballot paper}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15548085  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The names}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6501622\charrsid10773276  of r}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 egistered political parties appear only in the top half of the ballot paper.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15548085  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Even}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6501622\charrsid10773276  without}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 recourse to s 75(2)(b), there would be a strong argument that s 116(3)(b)(ii)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15548085  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11827478\charrsid10773276 applied }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 only to the top half of the ballot paper. But when s 75(2)(b) is taken into account,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6501622\charrsid10773276  th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e argument becomes conclusive.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6501622\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 No other interpretation is possible.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6501622\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15548085 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 To meet this reasoning Mr Mishra argued th
at parties and independent candidates were identified by symbols and that these in effect were equivalent to party names. Thus he submitted that the reference in s 116(3)(b)(ii) to placing}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6501622\charrsid10773276  a tick opposite the name of a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 party or independent candidate was sa
tisfied by the placing of a tick next to a symbol,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6501622\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
whether appearing above or below the line. We are unable to accept that contention. The}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15548085  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
legislation uses the terms registered party, candidate, independent candidate and symbol distinctly and with precisio
n. A requirement for placing a tick opposite the name of a registered party, or the name of an independent candidate, cannot be regarded as satisfied by the placing of the tick next to a symbol.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6501622\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Mr Mishra also tried to make some point of the fact that the
 voting papers did not actually contain the party names in full, only initials or abbreviations. No explanation was offered how this came about but our own research brought us to the Electoral (Registration of Political Parties) Regulations}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6501622\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 1991, made unde
r the Electoral Decree of that year. Reg 5(2)(b) provides that an application for the registration of an eligible political party shall set out an abbreviation of the party name, if the party wishes to be able to use such an abbreviation for purposes of t
h
e Decree. By virtue of s 163(2) of the Electoral Act, the 1991 regulations remain in force, and references in the regulations to the Electoral Decree are to be read as references to the Electoral Act. We have not found any specific reference in the Electo
ral Act that takes the issue of use of abbreviations further, but we do not see how pursuit of this line can assist the first respondent.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6501622\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 However one regards the abbreviations, there was nothing in the lower half of the ballot paper that could be regarded as the name of a registered political party.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Given the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6501622\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 number of parties to be accommodated on the paper it may be that the use of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6501622\charrsid10773276  abbre}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 viations in the top half was in reliance on s 61(6) of the Electoral Act, providing that the ball}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6501622\charrsid10773276 ot pa}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 per must }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 so far as practicable}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  be in the prescribed form.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6501622\charrsid10773276 
\par The final}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  point we wish to make under this heading is that, whether applied to the case }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3562260\charrsid10773276 whe}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 re the voter has placed numbers, or the opposite situation, the meaning of subs (3)(b)(ii) is the same.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 In other words para
 (d) of subs (3) does not enlarge para (b)(ii). We cannot see any reason why the validation rule set out in para (b)(ii) should be interpreted differently according to whether, on the one hand, the voter has placed no numbers at all, or on the other has p
laced numbers incorrectly. If anything the latter case shows more strongly that the voter understood the system required the voter to indicate preferences. Thus it could be argued that in the case where the voter }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ha}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6501622\charrsid10773276 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 placed numbers (incorrectly) he or she should be allowed more latitude if there is a tick as well.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 As we}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6501622\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 have stated however the effect of subs (3)(b)(ii) when read with s 75 is otherwise.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 That}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6501622\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 makes it even less likely that latitude should be allowed in the case where }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 no}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  numbers}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6501622\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 have been place
d. But in any event the short answer to any contention that the two situations should have different outcomes is that the wording of para (d) allows of only one interpretation.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6501622\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 For these reasons, we consider that in the respect under discussion, the Court of Disputed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15548085  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Returns was in error, and that s 116(3)(}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3562260\charrsid10773276 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
) only validates votes where the tick referred to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15548085  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
in para (d) has been placed opposite the name of one (and only one) registered political party, or independent candidate, which}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3562260\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 or who has lo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6501622\charrsid10773276 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ged a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3562260\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 s 61 list, }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 and the tick is in the}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15548085  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 top half of the}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6501622\charrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 paper}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3562260\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  (i.e. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 above the line}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ).
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6501622\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 In relation to the ballot papers in issue, since no other part of s 116 sufficed to validate them, the general provisions contained in subs (1) governed the situation. Since in 
terms of subs (1)(d) the ballot paper did not indicate the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 votes}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  (sic) first preference for one candidate and the order of preference for all the other candidates, the papers were invalid.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6501622\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 To complete our analysis of the judgment we need to add the following. The Court of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6501622\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Disputed }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3543258\charrsid10773276 R}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 eturns stated it had reached its conclusion on the basis of the Electoral Act}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6501622\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 being }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 c}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ode,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 and }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 that s 116 was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276  mandatory rather than directory. The}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  judgment continued:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 However, }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 one should not assu}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 m}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
e that the right to ha}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 ve a vote counted}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 w}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 hen the clear intention call }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3543258\charrsid10773276 b}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e seen, is so}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 methin}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 g that e}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 ven Par}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 lia}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 m}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ent can take away}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The Court then gave a number of citations emphasising the importance, in a free country, of the right to vote freely in properly conducted Parliamentary elections.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 As already noted, at an earlier time the Electoral Act contained a provision (s 55(2))}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15548085  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 empowering a returning officer to give effect to the intention of the voter, if it was clear beyond doubt. The Cou}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 
r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 t concluded this section of its judgment by saying:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
Although it is not in issue in this case, I }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 doub}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 t whether the omission of the words of section }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 55}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (2) fro}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 m}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  the 1998 Electoral Act will abolish the need al}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 w}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ays}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 to }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 b}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 m}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ost}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 cautious }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 bef}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ore }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 disen}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 franchising the citizen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 As the opening words of thi
s paragraph make clear, this concluding section of the judgment was obiter. It may however contain a hint that in the Court's view, the placing}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15548085  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 of a tick ne}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3543258\charrsid10773276 x}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
t to a party symbol below the line was an indication }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 beyond all reasonable}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15548085  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 doubt}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  of the voter's intention to record a vote activating the preference list of that candidate or the candidate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3543258\charrsid10773276 \rquote }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276  pa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 rty.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 If so we must disagree.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Indeed it is one of the weaknesses of the Court of Disputed Returns' view of s }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 11}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 6(3)(d) that the tick below the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15548085  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 line cannot safely
 be taken as indicating any such intention. Equally, the vot}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 r may}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 simply have been indicating a wish to cast a vote for that particular }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 i}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 date,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3543258\charrsid10773276  a form of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3543258\charrsid10773276 first past the post}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3543258\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 voting not permissible under the Electoral Act.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276  Or the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 voter may have intended, deliberately, to cast an invalid vote. It is impossible to be certain of the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15548085  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 voter's intention.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Was an}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 y}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 error by the Court of Disputed Returns b}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7044740\charrsid10773276 e}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 yond its jurisdiction?
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par In the far}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 reaching criticisms made of the judgment of the Court of Disputed Retur
ns by the applicant, supported by the second and third respondents, we heard that the Court had}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13178692\charrsid10773276  changed the voting }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 system, made it impossible to administer the syste}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13178692\charrsid10773276 m, deprived}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  voters}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13178692\charrsid10773276  of their vo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13178692\charrsid10773276 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 deprived them of the alternatives that should have been available and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13178692\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 depri}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13178692\charrsid10773276 ved them}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 of the right to cast an invalid vote.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 These criticisms were greatly}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13178692\charrsid10773276  exaggerated}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 . Indeed if the points just set out were intended to be taken literally we do }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13178692\charrsid10773276 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ot agree with any of them.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Put simply the Court misinterpreted the legislation with the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13178692\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 result that it validated votes which the Returning Officer had rightly rejected as invalid.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13178692\charrsid10773276 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 On behalf of the appellant, much reliance was placed upon the decision of the English Court of Appeal in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
Re A Company}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  [1980] Ch 138. There a Judge of the High Court (Vinelott J) dismissed an application by the Director of Public Prosecutions for an order}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13178692\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 under the }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Companies Act 19}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13178692\charrsid10773276 4}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 8}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 (UK), authorising inspection of a company's books and papers. Notwithstanding a statutory provision that a decision }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13178692\charrsid10773276 u}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 nder s 441 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 shall not be appealable}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 , together with a provision in the }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Supreme C}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13178692\charrsid10773276 our}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 t of Judicature (Consolidation) Act 1925 }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (UK) to that effect in the case of the Court of Appeal, an appeal was brought to the Court of Appeal, which reversed the Judge's decision and made an order authorising inspection.

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13178692\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 However, the Court of Appeal's decision was itself reversed in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Re Racal Communications Ltd.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  [1981] 1 AC 374.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13178692\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Lord Diplock said (at 380)
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 :.....I can see}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 no groun}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13178692\charrsid10773276 d for }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 saying that the consequences of denying all }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927009\charrsid10773276 appeals from}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  the decision of a High Court Judge granting or ref}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13178692\charrsid10773276 u}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 sing a}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13178692\charrsid10773276 n}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 order for production and inspection }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13178692\charrsid10773276 o}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 f a co}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13178692\charrsid10773276 m}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 pan}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13178692\charrsid10773276 y\rquote s}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  documents }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13178692\charrsid10773276 un}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
der s.441 are so absurd or }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 un}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 just that }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 Parliam}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ent cannot have }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 m}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 eant what it so plainly said but must have intended the una}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 p}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 pealability to be s}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 ub}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
ject to implied exceptions.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 On}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 the contrary, there seem to }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 me}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  to }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 b}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e cogent reasons }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 for }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 denying any right}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276  o}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 f appeal.}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 So on the sole and simple ground that the statute says the}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 judge's decision shall not be }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 a}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ppealable I would hold the Court of Appeal had no}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\sub\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 jurisdiction to entertain an}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  appeal fro}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 m}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  Vinelott J's dec}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 
ision to refuse the order applied }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\sub\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 for by the Director }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 o}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 f Pu}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 b}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 lic Prosecutions an}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 d}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 that the order that they }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 purported to make ordering production and inspection of }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Racal's 
papers is a nullity and }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927009\charrsid10773276 mu}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 st be set aside}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927009\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 It}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276  follows}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 that your Lordships, in your turn, have no jurisdiction to enter}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276  upon a}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  consideration }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 of whether}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  or not the judge}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 '}
{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 s decision was right}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276  o}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 r}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276  wrong.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 N}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 evertheless to un}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 dersta}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
nd the reasoning by}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276  wh}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ich the Court }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 o}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 f}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276  Appeal }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 reached the conc}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 lus}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
ion that it was entitled to exercise appellate jurisdiction in the instant case it is necessary t}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 o}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 refer briefly to the judge's reasons for refusing to make the order that was applied}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276  for}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 . He gave t}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 o}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 the }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927009\charrsid10773276 \lquote }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 expression}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  an }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 of}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 fence in connection with the management of t}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 he company's affairs}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1998804\charrsid10773276 \rquote  in s.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485 441(1}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 )}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276  a}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1998804\charrsid10773276 c}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 onstru}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 ct}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ion which the Court}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276  o}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
f Appeal regarded as too narrow.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276 In}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 the context of the}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 1948 Act he regarded }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 it}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  as}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 
 confined to offences committed}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  the course of the internal management of the company }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 and}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  held that the particular offences of which an employee of Racal was suspected }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 
did not fall within the section.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  He also doubted whether the employee fell within the class of }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1998804\charrsid10773276 \lquote }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276 o}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 fficer}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13724104\charrsid10773276  o}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 f a company}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1998804\charrsid10773276 \rquote }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 within the meaning of the Companies Act}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 1948. The ground}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1998804\charrsid10773276  on}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  which he dismissed the application was therefore one of law}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276 .}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid4405485 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Lord Diplock went}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 on to say (at 389):

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 There is .......... a}
{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276 n}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  obvious distinction bet}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276 w}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 een jurisdiction conferred by a statute o}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276 n a court of law of limited }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 jurisdiction to decide }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276 a}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 defined question finally }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276 a}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 nd conclusively or unappealably, and a similar jurisdiction conferred o}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276 n}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  the High Court or}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276 
 a judge of the High Court }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 acting in his judicial capacity. The High Court is not a court of limited jurisdiction and its constitu
tional role includes the interpretation of written la}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276 ws}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 There is thus no room for the inference that Parliament di}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276 d}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  not intend}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 the High Court or the judge of the High Court acting in his judicial capacity to be entitled a}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276 n}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 d, indeed, required to construe the words of the statute by which the question submitted to his decision was defined. There is simply no roo}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276 m}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  for error going to his jurisdiction, nor, as is concede}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276 d}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  by counsel}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 for the respondent, is ther}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5912022\charrsid10773276 e any room }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276 for judicial review. Judicial review is available as a remedy for mistakes of law}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 made by inferior courts and tribunals only. Mistakes of law made by judges of the High Court acting i}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276 n}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 their judicial capacity as such ca}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5912022\charrsid10773276 n}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  be corrected only by means}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276  o}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 f appeal to }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276 an}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  appellate court; and if, as i}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276 n}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  th
e instant case, the statute provides that the judge's decision shall not be appealable, they cannot be corrected at all.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276  
\par 
\par My }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Lords, to describe }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276 Vin}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
elott J's decision to dismiss the Director of Public Prosecution}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5912022\charrsid10773276 \rquote }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 s application under s.441(1) as }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276 a}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  refusal or renunciation of }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\sub\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 jurisdiction seems to me to involve a misuse of the word }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 jurisdiction}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5912022\charrsid10773276 .}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 His jurisdiction was to decide whether o}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276 n}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  the material placed before him the applicati}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276 on should be granted or refused. }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 In deciding that it should be refused, he was
 exercising his jurisdiction just as much as}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 if he had dec}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5912022\charrsid10773276 ided that it should be granted.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4991514\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Lords Salmo}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276 n, }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Edmund}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Davies, Keith and Scarman were of essentially the same }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276 o}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 pinion, althou}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276 gh Lo}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 rd Scarman added (at 393 }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 394) the proviso that it is possible to interpret }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5912022\charrsid10773276 provisions }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
ousting an appeal as limited to cases in which the judge }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 had exercised }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16463598\charrsid10773276 discretion}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  judicially.}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  That is to say, an appellate court }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276 might}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  interfere }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
if the judge had acted arbitrarily, and not judicially, or had exercised}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 [a] discretion 
... on grounds wholly unconnected with the case, or without any materials at all.}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
An example of a case where a privative clause was held not to apply because a Tribunal acted in excess of its authority is }{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The King v The Commonwealth Rent C}{
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276 ontroller; ex parte National Mutua}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 l Life Association of Australasia Limited}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 (1947) 75 CLR 361. The regulations in suit allowed the Controller to determine a rent upon application by a lessor or lessee or of his own motion. However, the Court held, the Controller could}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  va
ry a determined rent only upon application by the relevant lessor or lessee. An application for variation of a determined sent was made by the tenant of one portion of a city building. There was no application in respect of any of the other 38 tenancies i
n the building. Notwithstanding that fact, the Controller varied all the rents. The High Court unanimously held he had erred and granted prohibition in respect of the 38 tenancies.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4405485 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Regulation 38 of the regulations said:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Every }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5912022\charrsid10773276 de}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ter}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5912022\charrsid10773276 m}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ination of a Fair Rents Board or of the Controller shall, except as provided in this Part, be final and }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5912022\charrsid10773276 withou
}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 t appeal, and, no writ of prohibition or certiorari shall lie }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5912022\charrsid10773276 in}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  respect there}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276 o}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 f}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4405485 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4405485 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 In a joint judgment, Latham CJ and Dixon J said (at 369):
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276 When Co}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 m}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276 monw}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ealth legislation confers }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276 powe}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 rs upon an officer a provision such as reg. 3}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276 8}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  cannot }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276 b}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e construed as intended to provi}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276 d}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
e that his powers are absolutely }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276 unlimited}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 . Such a construction }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276 would raise questions o}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 f the validity of the legislation. Such }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276 a}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  provision cannot help to give effect to any legislation }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276 w}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 hich it is beyond the power of the Commonwealth Parliament to enact. Further,}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276  even wh}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ere no question of validity arises, the }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276 effect of such a provision }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 in a particular case }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276 depends upon the construction of the relevant statute taken as a whole. If a legislature gives certain powers and certain powers only to an authority }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 which}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276 
 it creates, a provision  taking away prohibition cannot reasonably be construed to mean that the authority is }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 intended}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276  to have unlimited powers in respect of all person, and in respect of all subject matters, and without observance of any condition which the legislature has}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276 attached t}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 o}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10842573\charrsid10773276  the exercise of the powers.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 
 Such a provision will operate to prevent prohibition in cases of procedural deficiencies where the authority whose powers are in question is in substance dealing with the matter in respect of which power is conferred upon it.}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13840621\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 But i}{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 f}{
\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13840621\charrsid10773276 ,}{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276  upon }{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
the construction of the legislation as a whole, it}{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276  appears that the powers conferred upon the }{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
authority are exercisable in certain cases, and definitely that they are not exercisa}{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 b}{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
le in other cases, and that any attempt to exercise them was intended to }{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 b}{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e ineffect}{
\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 iv}{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e, then a provision taking away prohibition }{
\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 w}{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ill not }{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 exclude the }{
\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 jurisdiction of this Court un}{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 der}{
\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  s.}{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 75(}{
\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 v.}{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ) of the Constitution}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  in}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13840621\charrsid10773276  a}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  case of the latter }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 d}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 escription: see }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Hickman}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 It is therefore necessary to inquire whether the regulations no}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 w}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  un}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 d}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 er consi}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 d}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 eration impose any con}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 di}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 tion which }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 mu}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 st be satisfied when it is sought to exercise the power to vary a dete}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 rm}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 inatio}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 n}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 o}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 f rent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  (Emphasis added)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Their Honours went on to construe the regulations in suit.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 They concluded (at 370) that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
as a variation can be made only upon an application to the Controller, and as a decision}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
of the Controller to act of his own motion cannot be regarded as an application to the Controller, the Controller has no power to vary a determination of his own motion}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 Rent Controller}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  may be contrasted with }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Coal Miners' In}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 dus}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 trial Union of }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 W}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 orkers of }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 W}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 estern Australia}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276  v }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 A}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 m}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 alga}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 m}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ated Collieries of }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid399383\charrsid10773276 W}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 estern Australia}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 (1960) 104 CLR 437 where, because of a provision that there be no appeal against a decision of an Industrial Court an application for prohibition and certiorari was refused in the absence of a finding that the Industrial C
ourt had exceeded its jurisdiction, notwithstanding that it had erred in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276  law in its decision. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
As Menzies J said (at 452) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
to show that the Court here made a mistake of law is not itself sufficient to show that the order which followed that error was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 made without jurisdiction}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
In our view, there was power and jurisdiction in the Court of Disputed Returns to decide, on the true construction of s 116, whether a tick below the line did, or did not, invalidate the ballot paper.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 In other words, the Court of Disputed Returns had the authority to}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 dec}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276 i}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 de that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276 ques}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
tion either way, it did not lose that jurisdiction merely because it for}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276 med}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  the view}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276 t }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276 id}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
. In our opinion, the present case is, in principle, indistinguishable from }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Ra}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276 cal}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276 . The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 relevant jurisdiction has been vested in the High Court, to be exercised by the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276  Judges }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 of that superior court.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 This is not a case of any inferior court or tribunal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 That }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276 being}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 so, the reasoning of Lord Diplock is squarely in point.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 As our analysis of the process of reasoning of Gat
es J has explained, what was involved here was no more than an error of law in the mistaken interpretation of s 116. But Parliament, following other precedent, has chose}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276 n }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 to commit conclusively the task of interpreting the relevant legislation to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276  th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e High Court in the exercise of this special}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 jurisdiction.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
There was here no conduct of the kind that would fall within Lord}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
Scarman's proviso, nor, accepting the explicit constitutional and statutory limits on the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 court's jurisdiction}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 and powers, did Gates J in his interpretation of s 116 exceed his}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 powers with the consequence that the privative clause could not apply (see e.g.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276 Venkatamma v Ferrier-Watson}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276 , }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Supreme Court Civil Appeal No. CBV0002}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276 /}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
92, 24}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 November 1995, at 11).
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Did s 121(2) of the Constitution confer }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276 app}{
\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 el1ate jurisdiction in any event?
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 We agree with the Court of Appeal that this }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276 g}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 round of appeal must fail.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7022716\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 In the first place, it}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
has been held that a specific provision preventing an appeal (such as s 73(7)) will prevail over a general appellate provision (such as s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485 1}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (2)). (See }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Ky}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276 dd v}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276 .}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276 Wa}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 tch Committee of }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276 Liver}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 pool}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  [1908] A.C}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  327; }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Piper }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10750852\charrsid10773276 v}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276 .}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  Ma}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276 r}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ylebone Justices}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 [1928] 2 K.B. 221; Wade and Forsyth, }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276 Administrative}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  La}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276 w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 , 8th }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 HYPERLINK http://ed.at }}{\fldrslt {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ed. at}}}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 701).
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 In any event, so far as concerns s 121(2
) itself, we agree with the Court of Appeal that the present case arises under, and involves the interpretation of, the Electoral Act, rather than}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 the Constitution.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Dis}{\b\fs24\ul\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276 pos}{\b\fs24\ul\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ition }
{\b\fs24\ul\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276 of the appeal
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276  result}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 is that while we are satisfied that in respect of the ticks }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 below the line}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 , the }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276 judgme}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
nt of the Court of Disputed Returns was wrong, we do not have jurisdiction to correct it. That will seem an unfortunate outcome, but for good reason (based on long standing precedent in many parts of the world) Parliamen
t has decreed there is to be no appeal from that Court. Technically our conclusion that the judgment was incorrect must be regarded as obiter, not part of our formal decision.
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Having had the opportunity of reading the separate judgment of Elias J we wish to add}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 this.}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
Of course we share her view of the significance, in terms of human rights, of the}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
right to vote. However, in enacting the 1997 Constitution, the legislature both recognised those rights, and at the same time provided that the determination of the Court of Disputed Returns, when dealing with a question whether a person had been validly}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  elected, was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 final}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 That was a well established expression meaning, as Parliament}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11498854\charrsid10773276 would have known,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  there was no right of appeal. Courts are obliged to give eff
ect to the plain meaning of statutes and with respect we cannot see that Parliament's language left}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
room for implying that in some cases, nevertheless an appeal would lie. Nor can we agree that in adopting a precedent established by Parliaments all round the world, the legislature produced a result that was }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 manifestly absurd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  or }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 made no sense}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 It follows in our view, albeit for somewhat different reasons in some respects, that the Court of Appeal was correct in dismissing the appeal to it, for want of jurisdiction.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276 Law Reform
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276 
\par B}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
efore we leave the appeal, we would, as mentioned by the Court of Appeal, draw to the attention of those concerned, the policy adopted in New Zealand of providing that a Full Court of three judges must exercise the jurisdiction o
f the Court of Disputed Returns. Whilst, as we have said, the determination of the Court of Disputed Returns is not unexaminable, there are, as we have held, severe limits imposed by s 73(7) of the Constitution upon }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e scope of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276 that examination}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 In those special circ}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276 umstanc}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 es, and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276  giv}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 en th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276 e nee}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
d to expedite matters, it may be thou}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276 g}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ht that a Full Court is }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 n appropriate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276  bench to }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 constitute the Court of Disputed Returns in all cases.
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Orders
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276 
\par I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 n accordance with the decision of the majority the Court makes these orders:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 l.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Special leave to appeal granted.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4405485 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 2.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Appeal dismissed.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4405485 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11498854\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 3.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Costs reserved. Direct that any written submissions on costs be filed and served within 28 days.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4405485 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Rt. Hon. Sir Thomas }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7426019\charrsid10773276 Eichelbaum
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Presiding Judge of Supreme Court}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5657682\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5657682\charrsid10773276 Hon. Justice Bryan Beaumont
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5657682\charrsid10773276 Judge of Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4405485 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5657682\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Solicitors:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Messrs. Patel and Sharma, Nadi for the Petitioner
\par Messrs. Mishra Prakash and Associates, Ba for the First Respondent
\par Office of the Attorney}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 General Chambers, Suva for the Second and Third Respondents
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5657682\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11498854\charrsid10773276 ______________________}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11498854\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 IN THE SUPREME COURT, FIJI ISLANDS
\par AT SUVA
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 
\par CIVIL APPEAL NO. CBV0001 OF 2002S
\par (Court of Appeal Civil Appeal No. ABU0006/02s)
\par 
\par BETWEEN:
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 PREM SINGH
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 [Petitioner]
\par 
\par AND:
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 KRISHNA PRASAD
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 [First Respondent]
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 RUPENI NACEWA
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 [Second Respondent]
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 WALTER RIGAMOTO
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 [Third Respondent]
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid4405485 Coram:\tab Rt. Hon. Sir Thomas Eichelbaum, Presiding Judge 
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid4405485 Rt. Hon. Dame Sian Elias
\par Hon. Justice Bryan Beaumont
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid4405485 
\par Hearing:\tab 25, 26, 27 June 2002, Suva
\par 
\par Counsel:\tab Messrs. D. S. Naidu, R. Singh and S. Krishna for the Petitioner
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid4405485 Messrs V.M. Mishra and R. Prakash for the First Respondent
\par Mr. S. Banuve for the Second and Third Respondents
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid4405485 
\par Date of Judgment:\tab 29}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid4405485 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid4405485  AUGUST 2002}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485\charrsid4405485 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5657682\charrsid10773276 ____________________
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5657682\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5657682\charrsid10773276 JUDGEMENT OF ELIAS}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5657682\charrsid10773276  }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5657682\charrsid10773276 J}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5657682\charrsid10773276 
\par ____________________
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 prin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
cipal issue for determination on this application for special leave to appeal is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 wheth}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
er the Court of Appeal was right to hold that it had no jurisdiction to hear an appeal }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 r}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 om}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  the decision of the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 High}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  Court sitting as the Court of Disputed Returns.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 It requires evaluation of the balance struck by the Constitution between two important interests: the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 prompt determination of electoral challenges; and the conduct of elections according to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\sub\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 law. It turns on the interaction of s73(7) of the Constitution, providing for finality of the determination of the
 High Court upon an election petition and s121(2), which confers a right of appeal from final judgments of that Court in any matter arising under the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14579199\charrsid10773276 C}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 onstitution.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Background:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Prem Singh was declared}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 by the Returning Officer to be the elected representative of the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Nadi Open Constituency Seat in the General Election held from 25 August to 1}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 September 2001. By petition of 17 September 2001, Krishna Prasad applied to the High}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Court as Court of Disputed Returns claiming that he and not Prem Singh, should have
 been declared to be the elected representative.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The jurisdiction of the High Court in such matters is provided by s73 of the Constitution:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 (1)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The High Court is the Court of Disputed Returns and has original jurisdiction to hear and determine:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ) a question whether a person has been validly elected as a member of the House of Representatives; and
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 ) an application for a declaration that the place of a member of the House of Representatives or the Senate has become vacant.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (2)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The validity of an election or return may be disputed by petition addressed to the Court of Disputed Returns and not otherwise.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 \'85\'85\'85\'85
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4405485 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (7)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 A determination by the high Court in proceedings under paragraph (1)(a) is }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 final}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 n a judgment delivered on 8 February 2002 Gates J held th
at the Returning Officer for the electorate had wrongly disallowed as invalid 1697 votes. When re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
counted, in accordance with the determination of validity made by the Court of Disputed Returns, Krishna Prasad received the majority of the votes cast. The C
ourt made consequential declarations that Prem Singh was not the elected member for the seat and, instead, that Krishna Prasad was the duly elected member.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14579199\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 An appeal was brought by Prem Singh in the Court of Appeal on 19 February 2002. His Notice of Appea
l claimed that the Judge had erred in law in reaching his decision in two respects. He was said:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485\charrsid10773276 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 to have interpreted s116(3)(d) of the Electoral Act 1998 (which provides for invalidity of ballot papers) in a manner inconsistent with }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 the preferential system of voting as mandated by s54(1) of the 1997 Constitution Amendment Act}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4405485 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485\charrsid10773276 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 o have acted }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ultra vi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 es}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  by misconstruction of s116 of the Electoral Act 1998.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The Notice sought that the orders granted by the High Court be set aside}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 An application for st
ay was heard in the Court of Appeal by Barker JA and Davies JA. The Court considered that it was first necessary to determine whether there was any right of appeal. Without such right, there could be no stay.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The appellant contended that he could appeal as of right tinder s121(2) of the Constitution which provides:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (2) Appeals lie to the Court of Appeal as of right }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 from a final judgment}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 of the High Court in any matter arising under this Constitution or involving its interpretation.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The appeal was said to arise out of the Constitution and}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276  to involve its interpretation because:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485\charrsid10773276 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 the High Court was exercising original jurisdiction conferred by s73(1) of the Constitution.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4405485 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485\charrsid10773276 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 the Judge had acted outside the provisions of the Electoral Act in allowing votes to !be counted which the Act says are invalid and }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 thereby}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 acted as a legislator}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  and contravened s54 of the Constitution, which mandates the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 alternative vote}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 preferential system of voting in accordance with legislation enacted by Parliament.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4405485 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The responden
t argued that appeals from the original jurisdiction conferred upon the High Court by s73(1) of the Constitution are prohibited by s73(7). He submitted that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 final judgment}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
, from which an appeal lies under s121(2), does not include a determination by the High Court in proceedings under s27(1)(a) which by s73(7) is expressed to be }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 final}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
By its judgment of 1 March 2002, the Court of Appeal declined the application for stay and dismissed the appeal for want of jurisdiction. It held that s73(7) of the Constitution}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 precluded the appeal from the judgment of the Court of Disputed Returns.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The reasons of the Court of Appeal for dismissing the appeal are summarised in the joint judgment of Eichelbaum and Beaumont JJ. In brief, the Court of Appeal held that s73(7)}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 of the Constitution prevailed over the general right of appeal under s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14579199\charrsid10773276 121}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (2).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14579199\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Such result,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
the Court of Appeal considered, was consistent with the special nature of the jurisdiction}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
and the need for the composition of Parliament to be speedily identified.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
The Court of Appeal also expressed the view that s121(2) did not apply because the challenge was to the interpretation of the Electoral Act 1998 adopted by Gates J and therefore did not }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 arise}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 under the Constitution or involve its interpretation.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2953417\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Beca
use of the view it took as to its jurisdiction, the Court of Appeal did not enter on to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 e question whether the interpreta}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 tion adopted by Gates J was correct.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Any error in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 inter}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 preta}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
tion could not be reviewed on appeal because the decision of the Court of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276  Disputed Re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 turns was }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 final}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
Accordingly, the Court of Appeal held that no right}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485  of appeal arose either under s1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
21(2) of the Constitution or under any provision of the Court of Appeal Act 1978:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12612565\charrsid10773276 S}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
.73(7) of the Constitution means what it says. In accordance with the position in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
many other countries, there is no right of appeal from the final decision of the Court of Disputed Returns. (at 9).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4405485 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
Prem Singh now, petitions this Court for special leave to appeal. In his petition he asks the Court to set aside th
e orders made in the Court of Appeal and the Court of Disputed Returns and to stay all further proceedings until the hearing and determination of his appeal.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4405485 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
In the meantime, by orders made in the Court of Appeal and Supreme Court, execution of the orders
 made in the Court of Disputed Returns has been stayed pending the determinations first of the Court of Appeal and now of this Court. The effect has been that the present petitioner, Prem Singh, continues to act as the elected representative of the Nadi O
pen Constituency Seat and has been appointed as Leader of the Opposition by the President under s82 of the Constitution.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 If the judgment of the Court of Disputed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
Returns is not disturbed in this Court and the interim stay is discharged, the effect will be t
hat Krishna Prasad will be the elected representative. On that basis Prem Singh would not be an elected; representative and would lose his eligibility to be the leader of the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Opposition.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 We have heard full argument on the appeal. The parties were in agree
ment that, should we grant leave, we should deal with the substantive appeal.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Special leave to appeal:
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The Supreme Court has exclusive jurisdiction under s122(1) of the Constitution, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 subject to such requirements as the Parliament prescribes}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
, to hear and determine appeals from all final judg}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485 ments of the Court of Appeal (s1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 22(}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 )).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 It has power }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 to review, vary, set}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276  aside or }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 affirm decisions or orders of the Court of Appeal}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  and to make such orders }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 as}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12612565\charrsid10773276  are}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 necessary for the administration of justice}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  (s122(3)). Section 122(2) provides:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
(2) An appeal may not be brought from a final judgment of the Court of Appeal unless:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4405485 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ) the Court of Appeal gives leave to appeal on a question certified by it to be of significant public importance; or
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4405485 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ) the Supreme Court gives special leave to appeal.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 By s7(3) of the Supreme Court Act 1998, Parliament has prescribed the conditions upon which leave to appeal may be brought in civil matters }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 including a matter involving a constitutional question}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 . The Supreme Court }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 mu
st not grant special leave to appeal unless the case raises}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (a) a far}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 
-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 reaching question of law;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4405485 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (b) a matter of great general or public importance;}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4405485 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
(c) a matter that is otherwise of substantial general interest to the administration of civil justice.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12612565\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 In the present case, each of the ingredients (a), (b), and (c) is clearly satisfied.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Whether there is a right of appeal from the Court of Disputed Returns is a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 far}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 reaching question}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 of law}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  of substantial interest to the administration of civil justice.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The subject of the case, the validity of an electoral return, is of the highest public importance and touches fundamental rights.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 On an application for special leave where the conditions of s7(3) of the Supreme Court Act are fulfilled, leave will usually 
be granted unless the decision of the Court of Appeal is clearly correct and the points raised by the substantive appeal are not arguable (see }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
ANZ Banking Group v Merchant Rank of Fiji}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  (CBV0001 of 1995) judgment 21 November 1995).
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Whether the Court of App
eal had jurisdiction to consider the appeal turns on a matter of . interpretation of the Constitution: whether s73(7) prevented an appeal under the general right of appeal in constitutional matters provided by s121(2).}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 In particular, the appeal raises the 
question whether s73(7) excludes appellate review and correction of demonstrated error of law by the Court of Disputed Returns in the interpretation of the legislation which it is required by the Constitution to apply and which gives effect to the constit
utional right to vote in free and fair elections.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 As appears from}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 the discussion below and in the judgment of Eichelbaum and Beaumont}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 JJ, the points were not suitable for peremptory }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1126957\charrsid10773276 determination}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The parties were in a position to argue the merits of the appeal and we have proceeded on that basis. If that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 course had not been available, it would have been necessary to grant leave so that the full}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 argument could be properly considered.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Was there a general right of appeal to the Court of Appeal under s121(2) of the }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 C}{
\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 onstitution? 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Section 121(1) gives the Court of Appeal general jurisdiction to hear appeals from}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
judgments of the High Court, subject to the Constitution and to statutory prescription. Parliament is empowered by s121(3) to make provision for appeals (whether by right or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
by leave) from judgments other than final judgments of the High Court arising under the Constitution or involving its interpretation. In the case of appeals from final judgments of the High Court which arise under the Constitution 
or involve its interpretation, appeal is}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 available as of right under s121(2) of the Constitution.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485 The effect of s1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
21 is that rights of appeal are conferred by the Constitution only in respect of constitutional cases. The right to bring appeals from other judgments of the High Court is left by the Constitu}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 tion to Parliament to establish. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Outside the right}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 provided by the Constitution for constitutional cases, a right to appeal is the creature of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 statute.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Neither the Constitution nor the Electoral Act 1998 provides distinctly for appeal from}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276  decision of the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Court of Disputed Returns.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
Indications that the general provisions for}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276  a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
ppeal from the High Court are applied are to be found however in both the Constitution}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
and the Electoral Act. Section 73(1) of the Constitution establishes that the Court of Disputed Returns has }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 original}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  jurisdiction to hear both questions as to the validity of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
election to the House of Representatives and applications for declaration of vacancy in the House of Representatives and the Senate. Such jurisdiction is not described as exclusive of appeal, although }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 finality}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  is provided for in respect of questions as to the validity of elections. In relation to proceedings to determine whether there is a vacancy following expulsion from a p
arty, s71(5) of the Constitution assumes appeals. It}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 provides}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4405485 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (5)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
Despite subsection (4), if a member of the House of Representatives who is expelled from his or her political party brings proceedings in the courts challenging the validity of the expulsi
on, his or her place in the House of Representatives does not become vacant unless and until those proceedings, }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 including any appeal}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 , are determined adversely to him or her and, pending their determination, the member is taken to be suspended from the service of the House.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4405485 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Consistently, s153(2) of the Electoral Act, under the heading }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Disposal of petition}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 , assumes a right of appeal from determinations of the Court of Disputed Returns, subject to s73(7):
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (2)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The right of appeal against any decision of the Court is governed by section 73(7) of the Constitution.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Subject to the application of s73(7), therefore, the schemes of the Constitution and the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 E}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 lectoral Act do not exclude the general }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 supervision of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  the High Court as the Court of Disputed Returns by the appellate courts.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Statutory general rights of appeal are provided by the Court of Appeal Act. By s3 of the Act, as amended by the Court of Appeal Amendment Act 1998:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (2) The court}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 shall have }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 \endash }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1126957\charrsid10773276 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ) power and jurisdiction to hear and determine all appeals which lie to the Court by virtue of the Constitution, this Act or of any other law for the time being in force;}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4405485 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ) all such powers and jurisdiction as are or }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14749059\charrsid10773276 m}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ay from time to time be }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14749059\charrsid10773276 v}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
ested in the Court under or by virtue of the Constitution, this Act or any other law for the time being in force.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4405485 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
3) Appeals lie to the Court as of right from final judgments of the High Court given in the exercise of the original jurisdiction of the High Court.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11361980\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485 By s1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 2(2)(c) of the Act,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (2) No appeal shall lie
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4405485 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14749059\charrsid10773276 \'85\'85\'85
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (c)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
from the decision of the High Court or of any judge thereof where it is provided by any enactment that such decision is to be final.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14749059\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 An enactment that a judgment is }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 final}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  may preclude appeal. Whether s 73(7) does so is considered below. But such effect is made explicit for appeals brought under the Court of Appeal Act by s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 2(2)(c). It is no doubt for that reason that the appellant does not rely}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14749059\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 on the statutory general right of appeal conferred by s3(}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12534689\charrsid10773276 3) of the Court of Appeal Act. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 He relies instead on the right of appeal provided by the Constitution in s121(2}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4405485 ). No provision equivalent to s1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 2(2)(c) of the Court of Appeal Act 1978 is contained in the Constitution.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14749059\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The Court of Appea}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11419758 l rejected the application of s1}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 21(2) in this case on the basis that the a
ppeal arises out of or involves the interpretation not of the Constitution but, rather, the Electoral Act 1998. It relied upon the decision of the Court of Appeal in }{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
Kulavere v The State}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  (13 August}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid6834317\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 1999, Tikaram P, Eichelbau}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6834317\charrsid10773276 m}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 and Handley JJA) which held that the Constitution was}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14749059\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 not }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 involved or engaged}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  in controversy about interpretation of the Criminal Procedure Code. That approach in my view was too austere.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14749059\charrsid11419758 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
Under s120(1) of the Constitution, the High Court has both the general unlimited original jurisdiction }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 under any law}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 , }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 and such other original jurisdiction as is conferred on it under this Constitution}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11419758 In addition, under s1}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 20(2) it has }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 original jurisdiction in any}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14749059\charrsid10773276  matter}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  arising under this Constitution or involving its inte}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14749059\charrsid10773276 rpretation}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14749059\charrsid10773276 . The High Court has original juris}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 diction under the Constitution:
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 to hear applications for redress for contravention of the Bill of Rights provisions contained in Chapter 4 of the Constitution (s41).}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11419758 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11419758\charrsid10773276 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 to hear and determine as Court of Disputed Returns petitions challenging an electoral result or declaring a vacancy in the House of Representatives or the Senate (s73).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14749059\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The special jurisdiction to determine }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
whether a person has been validly elected as a member of the House of Representatives}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  is original jurisdictio
n conferred upon the High Court directly by the Constitution. The final judgment of the High Court in the exercise of that jurisdiction is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  a }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 matter arising under this Constitution}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 , whether or not the judgment entails a point of interpretation of the Constitution. The jurisdiction arises in both circumstances: in a matter arising }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6834317\charrsid10773276 u}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 nder the Constitution }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  involving its interpretation.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14749059\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 I am of the view that the Court of Appeal's reliance upon }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Kulavere}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  was misplaced. Neither that case,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 nor the Austra
lian cases cited in it, are in point on the question whether the exercise of an original jurisdiction conferred by the Constitution upon the High Court}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14749059\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 is a matter }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 arising under this Constitution}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 . In }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Kulavere }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 the costs jurisdiction exercised by the High 
Court was one conferred by the Criminal Procedure Code, not by the Constitution. There was no right of appeal provided by statute and the Court of Appeal declined to accept that such a right of appeal could be derived from s121(2). That decision was clear
ly right. But it has no application here. I consider that s121(2) gives a right of appeal from an exercise of an original jurisdiction directly conferred upon the High Court under the Constitution.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14749059\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 How are}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14749059\charrsid10773276 s121(2) an}{
\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 d s73(7) to be reconciled?
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14749059\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14749059\charrsid10773276 The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 jurisdiction of the Court of Appeal under s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3423870 1}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 2l is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 subject to this Constitution}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6834317\charrsid10773276 (}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 s121(1)). The Constitution itself provides in s73(7) that the decision of the Court of Disputed Returns o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14749059\charrsid10773276 
n an electoral petition is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14749059\charrsid10773276 fin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 al}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 . A specific provision may over}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ride general appeal rights (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Kydd v Liverpool Watch Committee}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  [1908] AC 327; Wade and Forsyth, }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Administrative Law }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 8th }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  HYPERLINK http://ed.at }}{\fldrslt {
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ed. at}}}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 701). Whether s73(7) does so, to oust the general appellate jurisdiction of the Court of Appeal, is a matter of construction. The approach suggested by the maxim }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
generalia specialibus non derogant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  reflects }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
simple common sense and ordinary usage}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  rather than a rigid legal rule (}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Effort Shipping Co. Ltd. v Linden Management SA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  [1998] AC 605 at 627 per Lord Cooke).}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Its application depends on}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14749059\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 context.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14749059\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The meaning of words wil}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14749059\charrsid10773276 l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  differ according to context. The expression }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 final judgment}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 is commonly used to denote a decision that immediately determines the status of the parties (see }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Standard Discount Co v La Grange}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  3 CPD 71)
, and indeed is often used to define judgments from which a right of appeal lies (see for example Rule 2 of the New Zealand Privy Council Rules 1910). That is its use in s121(2) of the Constitution which}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14749059\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 provides appeals, as of right, from }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 final}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  judgments of the High Court. Yet it is also not}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14749059\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 uncommon for the statutory formula }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 a determination is final}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  to signify that it is not}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14749059\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 open to review or appeal (see }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
R v Napton Overseers}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  (1856) 25 LJKB 296; sub.nom. }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 R v Hunt}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  6 EL & BL 409). The striking contrast between such common usages of the same word }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 final}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
, which respectively point towards and away from a right of appeal, points to the need when construing the Constitution to, look beyond purely verbal considerations to its essential policies.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The context h
ere is competition between two important policies, both recognised by the Constitution: the desirability of speedy determination of electoral challenges which lies behind the requirement of finality; and the essentiality of the rule of law of which s121(2
)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 and the right of access to the superior courts is an expression. The Preamble to the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276 C}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 onstitution asserts that adherence to the rule of law safeguards the human rights and}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 fund}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276 amental }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 freedoms of all.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
Section 3(a) of the Constitution requires interpretation o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  it}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276 prov}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 isions in a manner which promotes the objects of each and the spirit of the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276 Constitution}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  as a whole. In construing the provisions of the Constitution regard must be had to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 developments in the understanding and promotion of human rights (s3(b)).
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Such obligation to keep the law under review where it affects human rights makes it}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 necessary to be cautious in application of authority lacking any constitutional or human rights context. Reassessment of even apparently settled law may be required (as in}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Flickinger v Crown Colony of Hong Kong}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 [1991] 1 NZLR 439). While some assistance by analogy from non}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
constitutional domestic law may be useful, it is important to keep in mind the very different approach required in respect of constitutions. They must be interpreted generously, in a manner befitting their unique importance in the legal order (}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Minister of Home Affairs v Fisher}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  [1980] AC 319 at 329; }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Attorney}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
General of Fiji v Director of Public Prosecutions}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  [1983] 2 AC 672 at 682).
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Where human rights are affected, the courts exercising jurisdiction under the Fiji Constitution }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 must promote the values that underlie a democratic society based on freedom and equality}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 , by reference to public international law if relevant (s43(2)). In such circumstances, a me
chanistic textual trumping of one provision by another is not appropriate. A more demanding attempt at reconciliation is required (in the manner suggested by Sedley LJ in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
Douglas v Hello! Ltd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  [2001] 2 WLR 992 (CA).
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The Court cannot evade consideration of the proper balance required by the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8271994\charrsid10773276 Constitution in the particular c}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ase.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
That requires consideration of the balance between finality and legality in the circumstances of electoral rights. It is necessary first to consider the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 character of the e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8271994\charrsid10773276 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 rors of law 
claimed to arise in the decision of the Court of Disputed Returns. The exercise was not undertaken by the Court of Appeal, perhaps because of its erroneous view that s121(2) of the Constitution was not engaged and its failure to}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 appreciate that a further constitutional issue to be balanced with s73(7) arose.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The syst}{
\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276 em }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 of voting provided for in F}{
\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276 iji
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276 
\par The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 compact}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  recited in s6 of the Constitution identifies a number of principles recognised by the people of Fiji as being those upon which the conduct of government is based.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 They include }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 the rights of a citizen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276  .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 . . to vote and to be a candidate in free and fair elections of members of the House of Representatives held by secret ballot and ultimately on t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8271994\charrsid10773276 he basis of equal suffrage}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8271994\charrsid10773276  (s6}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3423870 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ).}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Although not themselves justiciable,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 the principles identified in s6 must, when relevant, be considered }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 in the interpretation of this Constitution or a law made under this Constitution}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  (s7(2)).
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11419758 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Section 36 of the Constitution, contained in the Bill of Rights chapter, p
rovides that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
every person who has a right to vote in an election of a member of the House of Representatives has the right to do so in secret}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 . Every person registered as a voter is required to vote (s56).
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Voting is dealt with in s54 of the Constitution:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11419758 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 54}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
(1) The election of a member for each constituency is conducted under the preferential system of voting known as the alternative vote.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (2) The Parliament may make laws relating to elections for the House of }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8271994\charrsid10773276     }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Representatives.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The Constitution the
refore prescribes the alternative vote preferential system of voting, in accordance with the laws it authorizes the Parliament to make. Those laws are contained in the Electoral Act. The Act provides the manner in which valid votes can be cast.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 I am in ag
reement with the reasons expressed in the judgment of Eichelbaum and Beaumont JJ for their conclusion that Gates J m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11419758 isconstrued the provisions of s1}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 16(3)(d)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 of the Electoral Act.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 I can therefore be brief in indicating why I too have reached the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 same conclusion.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The legislation permits preferential voting either by the voter listing the order in which he votes for individual candidates (by placing descending numbers in the boxes beside their}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 names)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2390356\charrsid10773276 ,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276  or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  by the voter electing to adopt the list preferences registered by a party or}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 independent candidate (by ticking the box beside the name of the registered party or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 independent candidate).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 He cannot do both.
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The option of voting for the preferences registered by a party or independent candidate is available onl
y by a Part II ballot paper. On it, the names of the parties and independent candidates who have registered lists of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 preferences appears at the top of the ballot paper, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
above the line}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The names of the individual candidates, against which the voter can identify his own preference by number,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 appear at the bottom of the ballot paper, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 below the line}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 . These options are provided by s75(2) of the Electoral Act}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
(2) If a ballot paper handed to a voter is a Part II ballot paper, the voter may mark his or her vote on the ballot paper:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11419758 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11419758\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ) either in the manner described in subsection (1); or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11419758 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11419758\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ) by placing a tick in one of the boxes which appear at the top of the ballot paper opposite the name of a registered political party or independent candidate,
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 but, subject to section 116(3), may not do both.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8126472\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Section 57(1) of the Act provides that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
the votes in a poll must be taken by ballot and the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11419758  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
ballot of each voter must consist of a paper prepared in accordance with this Act}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 . Section 57(5) provides:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11419758 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2390356\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11419758 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (5) Where one
 or more registered political parties or independent candidates has lodged a list of preferences in respect of a constituency, the ballot papers for that constituency must, so far as practicable, be in the form set out in Part II of the Schedule and will 
be known as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Part II Ballot Papers}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12664137\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The form of the Part I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12664137\charrsid10773276 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 ballot paper is set out in the Schedule to the Act.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
It provides, above the line, the names of the parties or independent candidates who have lodged lists with associated boxes. Below the dividing line is the list of individual candidates.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The paper instructs the voter above the line }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 EITHER}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  to place a tick in }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2390356\charrsid10773276 on}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  of these boxes to indicate which party's or candidate's preference you wish to adopt as your vote}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 . Below the line the instruction is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
OR number the boxes from 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  in your order of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12664137\charrsid10773276  preference}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 . In this case number every box to make your vote count}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 . Below, is the i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12664137\charrsid10773276 nstruction}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Do }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 not}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  do both}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12664137\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
The preference is critical to the operation of the election. If no clear preference for one candi
date is obtained on first count, the lowest polling candidates are progressively removed and the preferences reallocated according to the order indicated on the ballot paper until there is a majority for one candidate. In the present case, six counts were
 necessary before Prem Singh was declared to be elected.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12664137\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Under s116, ballot papers are invalid in a number of circumstances.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 They include a ballot paper that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 does not indicate the voter's first preference for one candidate and the order of his or her preference for all the other candidates}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  in accordance with s75}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12664137\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (s116(1)(d)).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
Where a ballot paper is invalid }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 any votes marked on it must not be counted}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  (s116(1)).
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12664137\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2390356\charrsid10773276 Section }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
116(2) saves Part I ballot papers strictly incomplete (where the voter fails to assig
n a number to the last preference, but it is apparent from the ordering of all other candidates). The vote is also saved under s116(2)(d) if there are four or more candidates and the voter has provided a sequence of preferences in not less than 75% of the
 boxes opposite the names of the candidates.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12664137\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
The same savings provisions apply to Part IT ballot papers where the voter has elected to vote by indication of preference for the candidates by numbering beside their names }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 below the line}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  (s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12664137\charrsid10773276 11}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 6(3)(a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2693599\charrsid10773276 )}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 . Section 116(3) goes on to provide a careful scheme for all other ways in which a vote can be cast using a Part II ballot paper:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12664137\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (3) In the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11419758 
 case of a Part II ballot paper}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2693599\charrsid10773276 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11419758 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2693599\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ) if the voter has placed numbers opposite the names of individual candidates, the rule
s set out in subsection (2) apply for ascertaining whether the ballot paper is valid in respect of individual candidates;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11419758 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12664137\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ) if the voter has placed numbers as aforesaid and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12664137\charrsid10773276  \endash }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11419758 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11419758\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12664137\charrsid10773276 (i)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
by applying the rules set out in subsection (2) the ballot paper would be invalid in respect of individual candidates; but}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11419758 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11419758\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12664137\charrsid10773276 (ii)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
there is a tick opposite the name of one, and only one, registered political party or independent candidate which or who has lodged a list of candidates under section 61,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2693599 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11419758 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11419758\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 the order of preference shown 
on that list in respect of individual candidates is to be treated as the voter's order of preference in respect of those candidates;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12664137\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 c}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ) if the voter has placed numbers as aforesaid and by applying the rules set out in sub}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 section (2) the ballot paper wou
ld be valid in respect of individual candidates, its validity will not be affected by the placing of a tick opposite the name of one or more registered political parties or independent candidates which or who have lodged a list of candidates under section
 61;
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7483963 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12664137\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 d}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ) if the voter has not place numbers opposite the names of individual candidates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2693599\charrsid10773276 , }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 but has placed a tick as described in paragraph (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid7483963 b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 )(ii), the provisions of that paragraph apply;
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7483963 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12664137\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ) if the voter has not placed numbers as aforesaid and has placed a
 tick opposite the name of more than one registered political party or independent candidate, the ballot paper is invalid and any votes marked on it must not be counted.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12664137\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 I do not find the sense of s116}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12664137\charrsid10773276 (3) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
elusive. Where the voter has cast a vote for individual}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12664137\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
candidates which is not valid in accordance with s116(2), but has also ticked one registered party of one independent candidate who has lodged a list, then the list vote will be valid (s116(3)(b)).}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 If the voter has properly indicated a preference for individual}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12664137\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 candidates (applying s116(2)) but has also ticked one or more registered parties or}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12664137\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
independent candidates who have lodged a list, then the individual candidate preferences are valid and prevail (s116(3)(c)). If the voter has not placed numbers opposite the names of individual candidates, but has placed a tick }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
opposite the name of one, and only one, registered political party or independent candidate which or who has lodged a list of candidates under section 61}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7483963 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The order of preference shown 
on that list in respect of individual candidates is to be treated as the voter's order of preference in respect of those candidates.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12664137\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276 The last provision for }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 validity is the clear meaning }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276 of s116(3)(d) when the text of }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 s116(3)(b)(ii), providing for the mann
er of the tick, is read into s116(3)(d) (as required by the reference back) and the text of the consequence provided by s116(3)(b) is also adopted (as similarly required by the reference back). The consequences of a tick for the registered party or indepe
n
dent candidate which has lodged a list is necessary to complete the statement of the circumstances in which a Ballot II paper will be valid. Finally, s116(3)(e) makes it clear that if the order of preference for the individual candidates is invalid and th
e voter has ticked more than one registered party or independent candidate, the ballot paper is invalid and any votes marked on it must not be counted.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7483963 The language used in s1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 16 is consistent throughout. Voters either show a preference for }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 individual candidates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  by recording numbers opposite their names or tick to obtain the list lodged by parties}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 or }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 independent candidates}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  opposite the names of the political party or }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 independent candidate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
. The names of the registered political parties or independent candidates who have lodged lists appear }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
at the top of the ballot paper}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 (s75(2)(b)). The prescribed forms for Part II ballot papers are clearly divided between the options of voting for the party or independent candidate's lodged list of preferences, and vo
ting for the voter's scheme of preferences. A tick below the line for one candidate is invalid and contrary to the careful scheme of the legislation.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 It is also wholly}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2693599\charrsid10773276 ambiguous as to}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  intent:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
although the Judge appears to have treated such votes}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 as indicat
ing an intention to adopt the list of the party of the candidate ticked, it is equally open to the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2693599\charrsid10773276 inference }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
that the voter intended to vote for one candidate only rather than for his preferences in order. Such failure to indicate preferences in or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2693599\charrsid10773276 der is an invalid vote under s1}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 16(1)(d) unless there is one tick only }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
opposite the name of one, and only one, registered political party or independent candidate which or who has lodged a list of candidates under section 61}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  (s116(3)(d)). The only place where that tick can be placed unambiguously and lawfully to indicate the party list is opposite the name of the party or}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 independent candidate where it appears at the top of the ballot paper, above}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\sub\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 the line, in accordance with s57(5) and the Schedule to the Act.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Str}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276 ict ob}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
servance of the scheme of validity for ballot papers provided by s116 is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid86721\charrsid10773276 under}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
scored by s150. It provides that an election }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 must not be declared invalid}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  because of irregularity in filling in a form prescribed by the Act }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 other than a ballot paper}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
As a result of the error in interpretation, the Court of Disputed Returns treated single ticks opposite the name of one candidate below the line as valid votes for the list of the party of that candidate. Such votes were invalid in application of the sc
heme provided by s116. The error was material.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The declaration the Court made as to the result of the election}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 was based upon it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The error was also substantive.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
It was not a consequential or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 collateral question of law.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 It was integral to the function exercised by the Court of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Disputed Returns.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The error of law meant that the Judge asked himself the wrong}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 question in carrying out his }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
esponsibilities, with disenfranchising effect for those whose valid votes counted equally with invalid votes.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Is such error able to }{\b\fs24\ul\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6189570\charrsid10773276 b}{
\b\fs24\ul\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 e corrected by ap}{\b\fs24\ul\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276 p}{
\b\fs24\ul\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 eal?
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Section 73(7) does not free the Court of Disputed Returns from the obligation to comply}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 with the law.}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
Its interpretation of the provisions of the Electoral Act is subject to}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
reconsideration by the Courts of general jurisdiction, both at first instance and on appeal,}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
as the decision in the New Zealand case of }{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Wybrow C}{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276 h}{
\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ief Electoral Officer}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  [1980}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6189570\charrsid10773276 
] 1}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 NZLR 147 illustrates. A construction of s73(7) to permit the appeal in the present case is}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 not therefore necessary to correct perpetuation of the error for the future.}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Indeed, the opinion as to the correct interpretation of the Electoral Act expressed by all members of}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 this Court is likely to achieve that correction for the future. The question is rather}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 whether s73(7) permits correction of the erroneous result in the case of the 2001 election}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 for the Nadi Open Constituency.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
The requirement for early finality in election cases is common in many sovereign states}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
governed by the rule of law.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 There is no necessary inconsistency.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The promotion of early certainty abo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6189570\charrsid10773276 u}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 t the composition of Parliament furthers the proper object of ensuring that the government of the nation is not dangerously disrupted.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276  Res}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 olving disputed returns was formerly considered to be part of the privileges of Parlia
ment, later conferred by it as special jurisdiction upon the courts (see }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Devan Nair v Yong K}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6189570\charrsid10773276 u}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 an Teik}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  [1967] 2 AC 31 at 38, describing the history of the jurisdiction).}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 In }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Devan Nair}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 , the Privy Council referred to the line of decisions starting with }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Theberge v Laudry}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  (1876) 2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6189570\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
App.Cas 102 declining any right of appeal from tribunals established to determine disputed electoral returns. It identified the reason for this approach as having been }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 put very neatly}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  by Lord Hobhouse in }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Kennedy v Purcell}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  (1888) 59 LT 279 at 280}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7483963 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
The decision of the Judicial Committee was, not that the prerogative of the Crown was taken away by the general prohibition of appeal, but that the whole scheme of handing over to courts of law disputes which the Legislative Assembly had prev
iously decided for itself showed no intention of creating tribunals with the ordinary incident of an appeal to the Crown.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Rights of appeal in t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276 ha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
t special jurisdiction had therefore to be conferred specifically. In}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 general, legislation based on the Britis
h model provided that the decisions of courts or tribunals of disputed return were }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 final}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
. Such provisions have been held, as a matter of construction, to preclude appeal or judicial review. The underlying reason why that interpretation prevailed in the cases beginning with }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Theberge v Laudry}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  was the perceived desirability of speedy determination of elections (}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Devan Nair}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  at 40).
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Though prompting care, I do not consider that the reasoning in these authorities is}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11088024\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 determinative. They pre}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
date the perspective of human rights and the context provided}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
by the Fiji Constitution. They also predate the modern insistence that courts of general jurisdiction supervise legality even where more explicit ousters than a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 finality}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  clause operate. That is the context in whic
h the meaning of s73(7) and its impact upon rights of appeal specifically conferred by the Constitution must be considered.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 If the determination of electoral petitions had been entrusted to an administrative tribunal or court of limited jurisdiction a presumption would operate against an}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276  interpretation of s75(7) which }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 made its decisions on questions of law conclusive (}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276 A}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 nisminic Ltd v Foreign Compensation Co}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276 mmi}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ssion}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  [1969] 2 AC 147;}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 O'Reilly v Mackman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  [}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9401570\charrsid10773276 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 983] 2 AC 237;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276 Bull G}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 as User}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9401570\charrsid10773276 s}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  Group Ltd v Attorney}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 General}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  [1983] }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276 NZLR}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  129). I do not accept that }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276 suc}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 h presumption would be rebutted by the constitutional and statutory policy of electoral certainty.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 In application of the approach adopted by the House of Lords in }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Re Racal Communications Ltd.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  [1981] AC 374, the matter remains one of interpretation.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The scope of s73(7) turns on its construction in context.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The test proposed by Lord Diplock in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Racal}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  at 380 was whether the consequences of denying all appeals (where the statute provided that a decision }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 shall not be subject to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 appeal}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9401570\charrsid10773276 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  led to results }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 so manifestly absurd or unjust as to drive one to the conclusion}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 that Parliament must have intended that, despite the unqualified language us}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276 ed, t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 he}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 judge's decision should be unappealable on some grounds only but appealable to the Court of Appeal on others}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 . It is clear that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9401570\charrsid10773276 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
e grounded his decision that Parliament did}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 not intend the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 unappealability to be subject to implied exceptions}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9401570\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 not only on the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 plain}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 words of the ouster provision (more explicit than the finality clause here) but also, importantly, on the contextual }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
cogent reasons for denying any right of appeal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 . The context was}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 a preliminary investigation, a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 relatively minor inconvenience}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  which }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 decides no issue}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 , and in which the provision of an appeal, alerting the company being investigated, would have defeated the object of the power (at 380).
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Most importantly}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\sub\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 the context here is a Constitution. It is a context far removed from the preliminary investigation with which the House of Lords was concerned in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Racal}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 . Unlike the order in issue; in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Racal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
, which }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 decides no issue}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 , the determination of the Court of Disputed Returns is a final one, affecting the rights of candidates and electors recognised by the Constitution. It affects the government of Fiji.

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The application of s73(7) turns on the construction of the Constitution as a whole. That is made explicit by s3 of the Constitution, which provides that in the interpretation of any}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 of its provisions}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7483963 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9401570\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7483963 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 a construction that would pro}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276 mo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 te the purpose or 
object underlying the provision, taking into account the spirit of this Constitution as a whole, is to be prefe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276 rred }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 to a construction that would not promote that purpose or object; and
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7483963 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7483963 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7483963\charrsid7483963 b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7483963 ) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 regard must be had to the context in which this Constitution was d
rafted and to the intention that constitutional interpretation take into account social and cultural developments, especially:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7483963 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7483963 (i) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
developments in the understanding of the content of particular human rights; and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7483963 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7483963\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7483963 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7483963 (ii) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
developments in the promotion of particular human rights.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The right to vote and be a candidate in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
free and fair elections}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  is fundamental to the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276 C}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ompact recorded in s6 of the Constitution as to the conduct of Government in Fiji. The right to participate in a secret ballot for the election o
f members of the House of Representatives is affirmed in Chapter 4 of the Constitution, where the Bill of Rights is located. That Chapter binds the judicial branches of government }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 at all levels}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  (s21(1)). And }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 In considering the application of this Chapter to particular legislation}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ,
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 a court mus}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276 
t }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 interpret this Chapter contextually, having regard to the content and consequences of the legislation, including its impact upon individu}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7483963 als, groups or communities. (s21}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (4)).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8791505\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The Constitution therefore makes it clear that, in conformity with modern international}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 jurisprudence, electoral rights are fundamental human rights. Some caution is necessary in considering cases from a time when the human rights dimension of electoral rights was}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 not fully appreciated.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 I am not persuaded that an appeal on law to correct such error would necessarily endanger the purpose of ensuring speedy determination of electoral challenges. Speed is self}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 evidently desirable in electora}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7483963 
l matters and is indicated by s1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 53(1) of the Electoral Act (which requires the Court of Disputed Returns to give its decision on a petition }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 as}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 soon as practicable}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ).}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 But an appeal on a question of law as to the interpretation of the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Electoral Act and the content of the Constitutional right to vote need occasion little delay.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Speed in electoral matters may be a very}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10381608\charrsid10773276 g}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ood }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10381608\charrsid10773276 thing}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  but not if it comes at the expense of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
fundamental rights. The context in this case does not provide the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 cogent reasons for denying any right of appeal}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  which were persuasive in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Racal}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 .
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276 rig}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 hts to representation according to law and to participate in free and fair elections }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276 to }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 secure such representation are human rights. As such, they are a particular responsibility of the courts of general jurisdiction }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 at all levels}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 , as s2}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7483963 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 (1) of the Constitution affirms. The right recognised by s6 to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 vote and to be a candidate in free and fair elections of members of the House of Representatives held by secret ballot and ultimately on the basis of equal suffrage}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  is essential to the legitimacy of g
overnment under the Constitution. McLachlin J described the same right in the context of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Dixon v Attorney}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276 -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 General of British Columbia}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
 (1989) 59 DLR (4}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10381608\charrsid10773276 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ) 247 as}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7483963 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 one of the most fundamental of the Charter rig
hts. For without the right to vote in free and fair elections all other rights would be in jeopardy.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10381608\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 n }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Dixon}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  the Court identified a number of core values which form part of the guarantee of the right to vote in free and fair elections. They included }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 the right to have one's vote count for the same as other valid votes cast in a district}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 . The principle underpins the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 fairness of any electoral system.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
The result of the decision of the Court of Disputed Returns is that, because of error of law in the construction of the Electoral Act, invalid votes have been counted equally with valid votes.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The result is contrary to the right to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 participate in fair elections. The error was a material one in the application of a statute providing for fundamental rights recogn
ised by the Constitution. It was not an error in an incidental question of law considered by the Court in reaching its decision. It was an error that caused the Judge with responsibility for determining the petition to ask himself the wrong question. By t
he error the scheme of ballot validity provided by Parliament to achieve the right promised by the Constitution was effectively subverted.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The consequences to the rule of law of permitting such result to stand without prospect of correction is a powerful consideration in the interpretation of s73(7).
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276 
\par Eich}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
elbaum and Beaumont JJ are of the view that, because the jurisdiction to challenge the election has been vested in the High Court, rather than in an inferior court or tribunal, Parliament has chosen to comm
it conclusively the task of interpreting the legislation to it. Unless the judge had acted arbitrarily and not judicially at all, the privative clause}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276  preve}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 nts appeal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
They regard the decision of the House of Lords in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Re Racal}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10381608\charrsid10773276 Communications}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276  Ltd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276 . as}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  indistinguishable. Reluctantly, I am unable to support that position.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 It seems to me to be too black and white.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
It pays insufficient}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
attention to the principle of legality, the most important attribute of the rule of law, and the context of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
human rights.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 I accept that some deference to the Court of Disputed Returns is required }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276 b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 y the terms of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 s73(7).}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 It is not to be deprived of any effect.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 It is not any error of law which would}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
enable it to be brushed aside. While any error of law may be regrettable, those which are not to be characterised as entailing truly radical error must be accepted as the price of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 early resolution of electoral disputes.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 But nor is s73(7) a trump, ousting supervision altogether. The super}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276 vising Court (whether appellate o}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5309323\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 at first instance
) must, in interpreting the scope of s73(7), balance the constitutional policies in finality and legality in the context of the actual decision and its impact on human rights. Lord Scarman in }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Racal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  suggested that intervention where a judge acts arbitrarily
 would not be ousted by a finality clause. Similarly, it is unthinkable that the courts of general and appellate jurisdiction would be powerless to intervene if bias or breach of natural justice in the proceeding of the Court of Disputed Returns were esta
b
lished. Deference in respect of all other error, even if radical, is insufficient to discharge the constitutional obligations of the courts in protection of human rights. The framers of the Constitution cannot have intended s73(7) to achieve a result whic
h wo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14228397\charrsid10773276 uld destroy fundamental rights th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ey had expressly created. The discussion in }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 Racal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  was in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14228397\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 the very different context of a preliminary investigation which decided no rights and no issue. I do not consider it authoritative in the present circumstances.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14228397\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 On any measure the error here was of the highest significance and in radical breach of the statute.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 As a result of the error, the Judge went fundamentally astray in the exercise of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14228397\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 his functions.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
The rule of law requires correction of the error.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2232723\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 I am of the
 view that s73(7), properly construed, does not put the result beyond appellate correction. In this different }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16463598\charrsid10773276 c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
ontext the tests suggested by Lord Diplock and Lord Salmon in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 R}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14228397\charrsid10773276 acal}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  apply by}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14228397\charrsid10773276  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16463598\charrsid10773276 anal}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 ogy with greater force. Any construction of s73(7) which empowers the High Court}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14228397\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 as Court of Disputed Returns to determine conclusively the scope of the system of voting}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14228397\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 provided by the Electoral Act 1998 would yield a result that is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 manifestly absurd or unjust}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 . Such conclusion makes no }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 sense}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10773276 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276  in the context of the Constitutional right to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14228397\charrsid10773276  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
elections which are fair and conducted in accordance with the law enacted by Parliament and the obligations imposed by the Constitution upon the courts of general jurisdiction, at all levels. The question of law in interpretation of
 the system of voting provided by the Electoral Act was not one which the Judge was empowered to determine conclusively.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14228397\charrsid10773276 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 The Court of Appeal was in my respectful opinion in error in considering that it had no jurisdiction to hear the appeal. I would grant
 special leave to appeal. Because of my conclusion (in agreement with the judgment of Eichelbaum and Beaumo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16463598\charrsid10773276 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10106219\charrsid10773276 
t JJ) that, if the Court of Disputed Returns had asked itself the right question, it can only have concluded that Prem Singh had been validly electe
d, I would exercise the powers conferred by s122 to set aside the orders made in the Court of Disputed Returns. Since this is a case where the outcome depends only on the point of interpretation here decided, I would make an order directing the Court of D
isputed Returns to declare that Prem Singh is the duly elected member for the Nadi Open seat.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14228397\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7483963 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14228397\charrsid10773276 Rt. Hon. Dame Sian Elias
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14228397\charrsid10773276 Judge of the Supreme Court
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7483963 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14228397\charrsid10773276 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10773276 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14228397\charrsid10773276 Solicitors:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14228397\charrsid10773276 Messrs. Patel and Sharma, Nadi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16463598\charrsid10773276 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14228397\charrsid10773276 
 for the Petitioner
\par Messrs. Mishra Prakash and Associates, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16463598\charrsid10773276 Suva,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14228397\charrsid10773276  for the First Respondent
\par Office of the Attorney-General Chambers, Suva}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16463598\charrsid10773276 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14228397\charrsid10773276  for the Second and Third Respondents
\par }}