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\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{\insrsid15934348\charrsid15934348 
\par }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 AT SUVA
\par ON APPEAL FROM THE FIJI COURT OF APPEAL
\par }\pard\plain \s5\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel4\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11354730 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par CRIMINAL APPEAL NO: CAV001 OF 1994
\par (FCA Criminal Appeal no. 2 & 4 of 1992)
\par 
\par BETWEEN:}{\insrsid15934348 
\par 
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\par Coram:}{\insrsid15934348  }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 The Hon. Sir Timoci Tuivaga, President
\par The Rt. Hon.Sir Robin Cooke
\par The Hon. Sir Anthony Mason 
\par 
\par Hearing:}{\insrsid15934348  }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 20 November 1995
\par Counsel:}{\insrsid15934348  }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 Mr A Gates for the Appellant
\par Ms N Shameem for the Respondent
\par 
\par Judgment:}{\insrsid15934348  }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 23 November 1995
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s4\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11354730 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
The ground urged in support of this application for special leave to appeal is that the trial judge failed to give the assessors adequate direction with respect to the ment
al element involved in the offence of abuse of office under S. 111 of the Fiji Penal Code (Cap. 17) of which the Petitioner was convicted.
\par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par That section provides}{\insrsid15934348 :}{\insrsid3828205 
\par }{\insrsid15934348\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard\plain \s49\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11354730 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid15934348 "}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
Any person who, being employed in the public service, does or directs to be done, in abuse of the authority of his office, any arbitrary act pre judicial to the rights of another, is guilty of a misdemeanour.}{\insrsid15934348  }{
\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10954348 {\i0\insrsid3828205\charrsid10954348 
\par }\pard \s49\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11354730 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
If the act is done or directed to be done for the purpose of gain, he is guilty of a felony, and is liable to imprisonment for three years.}{\insrsid15934348 "}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par The offence as charged was that the Petitioner
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s49\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11354730 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid15934348 "}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
being employed in the Public Service as Assistant Commissioner of Police (Crime) in abuse of the authority of his office directed Sgt. 776 Josefa Delailomalorua to do an arbitrary act, that is to effect the evi}{\insrsid10954348 
ction of Mrs Vosararawa form Na}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 t}{\insrsid10954348 i}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 ve Land Property known as Wainigasau Veisari in which property the [Petitioner] had a personal interest, which act was prejudic}{
\insrsid10954348 i}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 al to the rights of [Mrs Vosararawa].
\par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 The Petitioner gave evidence, in cross-examination, that he, believed he}{\insrsid10954348  }{
\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 was the owner of the premises in that it was a case of owner and trespasser not landlord and tenant.}{\insrsid15934348  }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 He went on to say}{\i\insrsid15934348  }{
\i\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard\plain \s49\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11354730 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid15934348 "}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
I thought a criminal remedy was involved \'85..My intention at that time was to implement the criminal law.}{\insrsid15934348  }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 I told [Sgt] J to arrest her and take her to court and that I will give evidence.}{
\insrsid15934348 "}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid15934348 
\par }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 Section 9(2) and 9 (3) of the Penal Code provide
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard\plain \s33\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11354730 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid15934348 "}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 (2)\tab 
Unless the intention to cause a particular result is expressly declared to be an element of the offence constituted, in whole or part, by an act or omission, the result intended to be caused by an act or omission is immaterial.
\par }\pard \s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10954348 {\i0\insrsid3828205\charrsid10954348 
\par }\pard \s33\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11354730 {\insrsid11354730 (3)\tab }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
Unless otherwise expressly declared, the motive by which a person is induced to do or omit to do an act, or to form an intention is immaterial so far as regards criminal responsibility.}{\insrsid15934348 "}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 The two sub-sections are cast in specific terms.}{
\insrsid15934348  }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 They are directed to}{\insrsid15934348  }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 intention to cause a particular result and motive respectively.}{\insrsid15934348  }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
Sub-section (2) does not exclude from consideration as an ingredient of an offence any mental element other than an intention to cause a particular result and even that exclusion is subject to any express statutory declaration to the contrary.}{
\insrsid15934348  }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 In the context of criminal responsibility, a like comment may be made about sub-section (3) and its exclusion of motive.}{\insrsid15934348  }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
It follows that neither provision excludes or seeks exclude any mental element in a criminal offence under the Code except intention to cause a particular result.}{\insrsid15934348  }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 Hence guilty k
nowledge, belief or some other form of intent, if otherwise an element in an offence, is not affected by S. 9.
\par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 Central to the commission of an offence under S. 111 is the doing or directing to be done of an arbitrary act, }{
\insrsid15934348 "}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 in abuse of the authority of}{\insrsid15934348 "}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348  the accused\rquote s }{\insrsid15934348 "}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 office}{\insrsid15934348 "}{
\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 .}{\insrsid15934348  }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 What differentiates something done in abuse of office from something not done in abuse of office in many cases will be the state of mind of the accused.}{
\insrsid15934348  }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 An act done or direction given, which is otherwise the within the power or author
ity of an officer of the public service, will constitute an abuse of office if it is done or given maliciously with the intention of causing loss or harm to another or with the intention of conferring some advantage or benefit on the officer.}{
\insrsid15934348  }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 They are just two instances of abuse of office.}{\insrsid15934348  }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 No doubt other instances may be given.}{\insrsid15934348  }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
But it would be unwise for us to attempt an exhaustive definition of what constitutes an abuse of office, to use a shorthand description of the statutory expression }{\insrsid15934348 "}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 abuse of the aut
hority of his office.}{\insrsid15934348 "}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
Although the provisions of S.111 do not reflect the language in which the common law offence of misbehaviour in a public office has been expressed, some guidance in the interpretation of the section is provided by the English author
ities on the common law offence.}{\insrsid15934348  }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 In }{\ul\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 R}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348  v. }{\ul\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 Dytham}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
 (1979) 3 All ER 641, Lord Widgery C.J., pointed out (at p.643) that in most of the 18}{\super\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 th}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348  and 19}{\super\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 th}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
 cases the misconduct asserted involved some corrupt taint but that this was not a necessary incident of the offence.}{\insrsid15934348  }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
His Lordship went on to say that in some cases the conduct impugned cannot be shown to be misconduct unless it was done with a corrupt or oblique motive.
\par 
\par That was the case in }{\ul\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 R}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348  v }{\ul\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 Llewellyn Jones}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
 (1967) 51 Cr. App. R. 4 where his Lordship expressed the view (at p.6) that}{\insrsid10954348 ,}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard\plain \s49\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11354730 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid15934348 "}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
if the registrar of a country court when exercising his power to order payment out of court of money held on behalf of a
 beneficiary were to make an order in expectation of some personal benefit which he hoped to obtain and in circumstances where, had it not been for the personal benefit, he would not have made the order, that would be an example of misconduct in a public 
duty.}{\insrsid15934348 "}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
On the other hand, his Lordship was disposed to take a different view of a situation in which the registrar makes a decision affecting his own personal interest, if the decision be made honestly and in a genuine belief that it is a proper exercise o
f his jurisdiction so far as the beneficiaries and other persons are concerned (see p.7).
\par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
In the present case, the trial judge certainly considered that the evidence given by the Petitioner as to his belief was capable, if accepted, of raising a defence to the charge.}{\insrsid15934348  }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
In his directions to the assessors, his Lordship referred to the Petitioner\rquote s statement that he had become the owner of the property and instructed the assessors t}{\insrsid10954348 hat it was for them to consider}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 

\par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard\plain \s49\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11354730 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid15934348 "}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
whether he was entitled to entertain such a bona fide opinion.}{\insrsid15934348 "}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
Subsequently, when referring to S.197 of the Penal Code, the trial judge correctly told the assessors that the section could have been invoked against Mrs Vosararawa.}{\insrsid15934348  }{\insrsid10954348 His Lordship then said,}{
\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard\plain \s49\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10954348 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\i0\insrsid3828205\charrsid10954348 
\par }\pard \s49\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11354730 {\insrsid15934348 "}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 Of course, what the defence counsel said was that the accused may have been honestly mistaken.

\par 
\par That is a matter for you\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{\insrsid15934348 "}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 Later the trial judge told the assessors
\par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard\plain \s49\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11354730 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid15934348 "}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 The burden of his [the accused
\rquote s] evidence was that he did everything bona fide.}{\insrsid15934348 "}{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 These passages indicate that the issue thereby presented to the assessors was whether the accused\rquote 
s conduct was motivated by personal advantage, as on its face it plainly appeared to be, or by an honest belief that he was properly invoking S.197.
\par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 Earlie
r in his summing up the trial judge has informed the assessors that, if the four ingredients of the offence, namely employment in the Public Service, doing or directing an arbitrary act, that act being prejudicial to the rights of another, and that the ac
t was in abuse of authority of office, they should return a verdict of guilty.}{\insrsid15934348  }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
Although it was submitted that this statement, considered in isolation, might be understood as excluding the relevance of an honest belief on the part of the Petitioner, it is evident that this statement cannot be cannot in isolation.
\par 
\par When the summing-up is read as a whole and attention is given to the passages relating to honest belief to which we have referred, it is reasonably clear that the assessors would have understood tha
t the question whether the Petitioner honestly believed that he was entitled to give the direction complained of was an issue which they were required to determine before coming to a verdict of guilty.}{\insrsid15934348  }{
\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 That was the conclusion reach by the Court of Appeal was we see no reason to disagree with the learned judges on this point.
\par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
No doubt the trial judge might have expressed the position with rather more clarity by stating that the prosecution was required to prove beyond reasonable doubt the requisite mental element \endash 
 in this case the expectation of obtaining a personal advantage \endash  and to negative the existence of the host belief asserted by the Petitioner, as well as proving beyond reasonable doubt the four element of the offence which he identified.}{
\insrsid15934348  }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 And the learned judge might have explained for the benefit of the assessors how the requisite mental element comes to be an ingredient in the offence.
\par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 However, these comments do not detract from the conclusion we have already expressed with respect to the adequacy
 of the summing-up.}{\insrsid15934348  }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
In that respect we should mention that, at the conclusion of the summing-up, when counsel wee given opportunity of taking exception to the directions, counsel for the Petitioner offered no objection to the summing-up except on a matter now immaterial.}{
\insrsid15934348  }{\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 That is an important, consideration because, any inadequacy in the directions identified by counsel could have been made the subject of re-directions.
\par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 In the light of what we have of what we have already said, this application for special 
leave must be refused because, having regard to the way in which the issue of honest belief was dealt with by the trial judge and the absence of any application for re-directions, we consider that it is unnecessary to determine any question of general pri
nciple and we are not persuaded that any miscarriage of justice has occurred.
\par 
\par The petition for special leave to appeal is refused.
\par }\pard \s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard\plain \s4\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11354730 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 Sir Timoci Tuivaga
\par Sir Robin Cooke
\par Sir Anthony Mason
\par }\pard\plain \s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15934348 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 Solicitors:
\par Koya and Co., Suva, for the Appellant
\par Director of Public Prosecutions, Suva, for the Respondent
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11354730 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 CAV0001U.94S}{\i\insrsid3828205\charrsid15934348 
\par }}