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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s4\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13786657 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid5267930\charrsid5448681 
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 
\par }{\insrsid5267930\charrsid5448681 MISCELLANEOUS APPEAL
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s5\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel4\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13786657 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid4618131 MISCELLANEOUS }{\insrsid5267930\charrsid5448681 
ACTION NO. 18 OF 1986
\par 
\par BETWEEN:
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4878579 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid5267930\charrsid5448681 
\par }\pard\plain \s4\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13786657 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid5267930\charrsid5448681 THE PUBLIC TRUSTEE OF FIJI
\par }\pard\plain \s5\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel4\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13786657 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid5267930\charrsid5448681 Appellant
\par 
\par AND:
\par }\pard\plain \s4\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13786657 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid5267930\charrsid5448681 
\par SASHI KIRAN SINGH}{\insrsid8942904 
\par }{\insrsid5267930\charrsid5448681 a.k.a.}{\insrsid8942904  }{\insrsid5267930\charrsid5448681 YVONNE NANDAN
\par }\pard\plain \s5\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel4\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13786657 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid5267930\charrsid5448681 Respondent
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\par Mr. N. Nand for the Public Trustee
\par Mr. S. Parshotam for the Wife
\par }{\insrsid4878579\charrsid5448681 Mr. S. K. Singh}{\insrsid5267930\charrsid5448681  for the Children
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s4\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13786657 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid4878579\charrsid5448681 OPINION
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4878579 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid4878579\charrsid5448681 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10705219 {\insrsid5267930\charrsid5448681 In his will dated the 29}{\super\insrsid5267930\charrsid5448681 th}{\insrsid5267930\charrsid5448681 
 August 1977 the testator, Parmanand, appo}{\insrsid4878579\charrsid5448681 inted the Public Trustee of Fiji to be his executor and trustee. He died on the 5}{\super\insrsid4878579\charrsid5448681 th}{\insrsid4878579\charrsid5448681 
 May, 1986 without making any alteration to his will.}{\insrsid5267930\charrsid5448681 
\par }{\insrsid4878579\charrsid5448681 
\par The testator marrie}{\insrsid8942904 d Sas}{\insrsid4878579\charrsid5448681 hi Kiran Singh on the 20}{\super\insrsid4878579\charrsid5448681 th}{\insrsid4878579\charrsid5448681  May, 1966. There were four children of the marriage, three of whom 
were born before the will was executed. The fourth child, Regina Sashina Kiran Nandan, was born on the 13}{\super\insrsid4878579\charrsid5448681 th}{\insrsid4878579\charrsid5448681  November, 1983.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5267930 {\insrsid4878579\charrsid5448681 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9718479 {\insrsid4878579\charrsid5448681 The testator\rquote s wife}{\insrsid10618131\charrsid5448681  is a named beneficiary under the will as ar
e the 3 daughters who were alive in 1977. The Public Trustee has not yet obtained probate of the Will, p}{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 
ending the resolution of certain questions which he considers arise out of circumstances existing before the death of the testator. He has sought the opinion of this Court on these questions under Section 47 of }{\insrsid10618131\charrsid5448681 
the Public Trustee Act, Cap. 64.}{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 
\par }{\insrsid10618131\charrsid5448681 
\par }{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 In 1984 the testator instituted divorce proceedings against his wife in the magistrate's court at Suva. In August, 1985 the parties entered into a separation agreem}{\insrsid3605354 ent}{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 , 
}{\insrsid3605354 w}{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 hich provided for the custody and maintenance of the}{\insrsid10694543\charrsid5448681  }{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 
children of the marriage. The wife relinquished all claims o any matrimonial property in consideration of the payment of $8,000, in sp}{\insrsid10618131\charrsid5448681 ecified instalments, which was d}{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 
ue to be completed on or before the 30th June, 1987. The wife}{\insrsid10694543\charrsid5448681  }{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 agreed to indemni}{\insrsid3605354 f}{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 y the testator and his estate against al}{
\insrsid10618131\charrsid5448681 l}{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681  debts and liabilities }{\insrsid5796182 "}{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 here}{\insrsid10618131\charrsid5448681 inafter contracted and incurred}{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 
 by the wife and against all costs claims and damages in respect thereof}{\insrsid5796182 "}{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 .
\par }{\insrsid10618131\charrsid5448681 
\par }{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 The marriage subsisted at the date of the testa}{\insrsid10618131\charrsid5448681 tor\rquote }{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 s death. The separation agreement may have altered the circumstances between the te}{
\insrsid10618131\charrsid5448681 stator and his wife, but, it di}{\insrsid3145946\charrsid5448681 d }{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 not have the effect of rev}{\insrsid10618131\charrsid5448681 oking the will or altering any }{
\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 provision in it. (Will's Act Cap. 59 section 14). The limitations on revocation of a will are set out in section 15. Nothing occurred after }{\insrsid10618131\charrsid5448681 the execution of the will which }{
\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 constituted a valid revocation of }{\insrsid10618131\charrsid5448681 it. Furthermore, section}{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681  2}{\insrsid10618131\charrsid5448681 5}{\insrsid10694543\charrsid5448681 
 of the Act makes it clear that}{\insrsid5796182 -}{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 
\par }{\insrsid10618131\charrsid5448681 
\par }\pard\plain \s35\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13786657 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid5796182 "}{\insrsid3145946\charrsid5448681 
A transfer or other act, other than an act by whic
h the will is revoked as provided by this Act, made or done subsequently to the execution of a will of or relating to any property therein comprised does not prevent the operation of the will with respect to such estate or interest in that property as the
 testator had power to dispose of by will at the time of his death.}{\insrsid5796182 "}{\insrsid10618131\charrsid5448681 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9718479 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 
\par That section is a re}{\insrsid9718479\charrsid5448681 -}{\insrsid5796182 enactment (with modifications t}{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 
o suit local conditions) of section 23 of the Will's Act 1837. This prevented the revocation of a gift by an alteration in the estate or interest of the testator.}{\insrsid9718479\charrsid5448681  }{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 It did not,}{
\insrsid3145946\charrsid5448681  however,}{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681  abolish the equitable doctrine of ademption.
\par }{\insrsid3145946\charrsid5448681 
\par }{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 Under the will the testator's wife is entitled to }{\insrsid5796182 "}{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 the use occupation and enjoyment of a house at Raiwaqa during her lifetime}{\insrsid5796182 "}{
\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 , with a direction that the property shall be transferred to her son when he attains 21 years of age. In addition, the widow is entitled to one half of the residue upon her son coming of age.
\par }{\insrsid10705219\charrsid5448681 
\par }{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 The principles upon which a court considers and applies, with the necessary distinctions, the doctrines of satisfaction and ademption are set out by Lord Romily in}{\insrsid10705219\charrsid5448681  }{
\i\insrsid4481848\charrsid13193781 Lord}{\insrsid4481848\charrsid5448681  }{\i\insrsid4481848\charrsid5448681 Chichchester v}{\i\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 . Coventry}{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681  (1867) 2 L.R.H.L. 71 in his }{\insrsid13193781 s}{
\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 peech which commences at 90. There is nothing in }{\insrsid10705219\charrsid5448681 the }{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 re}{\insrsid1404797 c}{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 
ent case which suggests that it was the intention of the testator that the settlement made on separation was an ademption of the provision made for her in his will. The testator may not have wished to live with his wife, but,}{
\insrsid10705219\charrsid5448681  }{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 it does not follow that he wished to leave her homeless and after his death with minor children to look after.
\par }{\insrsid10705219\charrsid5448681 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10705219 {\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 The testator was at all times free to alter his will and he did not chose}{\insrsid1404797  [sic]}{
\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681  to do so. His wife is entitled to the bequest notwithstanding the separation and the}{\insrsid10705219\charrsid5448681  }{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 financial
 provision made for her. The Public Trustee must distribute the estate in accordance with the wishes of the testator as expressed in his will.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9718479 {\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 
\par In regard to the child Regina}{\insrsid10705219\charrsid5448681 , she does not }{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 take anything under the will. Her sisters are entitled to maintenanc
e until they attain the age of 21 years or until marriage, whichever event shall first occur, and their}{\insrsid10705219\charrsid5448681  }{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 
marriage expenses. Regina's position may be safeguarded by an application to this Court under Section 3 of the Inheritance (Family Provisions) Act Cap. 61 in due course.
\par }{\insrsid10694543\charrsid5448681 
\par }{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 It is my opinion that the widow inherits in accordance with the will and}{\insrsid10705219\charrsid5448681  }{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 that the daughter Regina}{\insrsid10705219\charrsid5448681  i}{
\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 s not entitled to any portion of the testator's estate.}{\insrsid10705219\charrsid5448681  I}{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681  have not been asked to express any opinion as to whether the wife is entitled to
 payment of the balance of the}{\insrsid10705219\charrsid5448681  a}{\insrsid8674511\charrsid5448681 mount due under the separation agreement from the estate of the testator.
\par 
\par The costs of all parties are to be taxed and paid by the Public Trustee out of the estate of the testator.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s4\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13786657 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10705219\charrsid5448681 (F.X. ROONEY)
\par JUDGE
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10705219 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10705219\charrsid5448681 
\par 15}{\super\insrsid10705219\charrsid5448681 th}{\insrsid10705219\charrsid5448681  May, 1987.
\par }}