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IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{\insrsid5711725\charrsid2371670 
\par }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 WESTERN DIVISION
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\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
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ACTION 144 OF 1984
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\par BETWEEN:
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\par AND:
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\par For the Plaintiff: Mr. N.C. Prasad.
\par The Defendant In person.
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\par }{\b\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 Cases referred to:
\par }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9920319 {\i\cf1\insrsid12545094\charrsid1206343 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid14487017\charrsid1206343 1}{\i\cf1\insrsid12545094\charrsid1206343 
) Raj Kumar v. Housing Authority }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\i\cf1\insrsid12545094\charrsid1206343  HYPERLINK http://Civ.App.No.16/79 }{\i\cf1\insrsid6756343\charrsid1206343 {\*\datafield 
00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b3000000068007400740070003a002f002f006300690076002e006100700070002e006e006f002e00310036002f0037003900000000}}}{\fldrslt {
\i\cf1\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12545094\charrsid1206343 Civ.App.No.16/79}}}{\i\cf1\insrsid12545094\charrsid1206343  FCA.}{\i\cf1\insrsid4329257\charrsid1206343 
\par (2) The Housing Authority }{\i\cf1\insrsid12545094\charrsid1206343 v. Samson Muniap}{\i\cf1\insrsid4329257\charrsid1206343 pa C.A. No.25/77.}{\i\cf1\insrsid12545094\charrsid1206343 
\par (3)}{\i\cf1\insrsid5711725\charrsid1206343  }{\i\cf1\insrsid12545094\charrsid1206343 The }{\i\cf1\insrsid4329257\charrsid1206343 Housing Authority v. Samsher Mustapha C.A. No.289/76.
\par (4) Housing Authority v. Subramani C.A.}{\i\cf1\insrsid6889207\charrsid1206343  No.94}{\i\cf1\insrsid4329257\charrsid1206343 /79
\par (5) Gurdial Singh and Chandra Hans C.A.}{\i\cf1\insrsid6889207\charrsid1206343  }{\i\cf1\insrsid4329257\charrsid1206343 737/83
\par (6) Badal & }{\i\cf1\insrsid12545094\charrsid1206343 Ors. v. Bhim Sen }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\i\cf1\insrsid12545094\charrsid1206343  HYPERLINK http://C.A.No.231/76; }{\i\cf1\insrsid6756343\charrsid1206343 {\*\datafield 
00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b2c00000068007400740070003a002f002f0063002e0061002e006e006f002e003200330031002f00370036003b00000000}}}{\fldrslt {
\i\cf1\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6889207\charrsid1206343 C.A.No.25}{\i\cf1\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12545094\charrsid1206343 1/76;}}}{\i\cf1\insrsid12545094\charrsid1206343  Ci}{\i\cf1\insrsid4329257\charrsid1206343 v.App. 49/}{
\i\cf1\insrsid12545094\charrsid1206343 77 FCA.
\par (7) Habib Bank Ltd. Habib Bank A.G. Zurich (1981) 2 }{\i\cf1\insrsid4329257\charrsid1206343 All}{\i\cf1\insrsid12545094\charrsid1206343  E}{\i\cf1\insrsid4329257\charrsid1206343 .R}{\i\cf1\insrsid12545094\charrsid1206343 . }{
\i\cf1\insrsid4329257\charrsid1206343 650.}{\i\cf1\insrsid12545094\charrsid1206343 
\par (8) Sheila Maharaj v. Jai Chand Privy Council App}{\i\cf1\insrsid6889207\charrsid1206343 . }{\i\cf1\insrsid12545094\charrsid1206343 No.}{\i\cf1\insrsid4329257\charrsid1206343 6}{\i\cf1\insrsid12545094\charrsid1206343 3 o}{
\i\cf1\insrsid4329257\charrsid1206343 f 198}{\i\cf1\insrsid12545094\charrsid1206343 4}{\i\cf1\insrsid4329257\charrsid1206343  (7/7}{\i\cf1\insrsid6889207\charrsid1206343 /1}{\i\cf1\insrsid4329257\charrsid1206343 986)}{
\i\cf1\insrsid12545094\charrsid1206343 
\par (9) C}{\i\cf1\insrsid727388\charrsid1206343 ommissioner of Inland Revenue v.}{\i\cf1\insrsid12545094\charrsid1206343  Flour Mills of Fiji}{\i\cf1\insrsid727388\charrsid1206343  Ltd Civ.App.}{\i\cf1\insrsid6765402  }{\i\cf1\insrsid727388\charrsid1206343 
No.6 of 1985 FCA.
\par }{\i\cf1\insrsid12545094\charrsid1206343 (10) Southend}{\i\cf1\insrsid5711725\charrsid1206343 -}{\i\cf1\insrsid12545094\charrsid1206343 On}{\i\cf1\insrsid5711725\charrsid1206343 -}{\i\cf1\insrsid727388\charrsid1206343 Sea Corporation v. Hodg}{
\i\cf1\insrsid12545094\charrsid1206343 son (Wickford) Ltd. }{\i\cf1\insrsid727388\charrsid1206343 (1962) 1}{\i\cf1\insrsid12545094\charrsid1206343  Q.B. }{\i\cf1\insrsid727388\charrsid1206343 4}{\i\cf1\insrsid12545094\charrsid1206343 16.
\par (11) Preston v. Inland Revenue Commissioners (1985) 2 All E.R.}{\i\cf1\insrsid6765402  }{\i\cf1\insrsid12545094\charrsid1206343 327.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14487017 {\insrsid727388\charrsid2371670 
\par }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 This is an application under section 169 of the Land Transfer Act, Cap. 131. The plaintiff, the Housing Authority (}{\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 the Authority}{
\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 ) is the last registered pro}{\insrsid14496126\charrsid2371670 prietor of Crown Lease No}{\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 . }{\insrsid14496126\charrsid2371670 5037}{
\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670  containing over 1005 acres. The Authority has carrie}{\insrsid14180868\charrsid2371670 d out substantial }{\insrsid14496126\charrsid2371670 development of}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
 the said land, including part thereof known as }{\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 Field 40}{\insrsid14487017\charrsid2371670  }{\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 Stage 6D 9A"}{\insrsid14496126\charrsid2371670 
. The defendant is occupying a portion of the latter development namely Lot}{\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670  200 of S}{\insrsid14496126\charrsid2371670 cheme Plan No. 123-2B. On 15}{\super\insrsid14496126\charrsid2371670 th}{
\insrsid14496126\charrsid2371670  May, 1978 the Authority addressed a notice to quit to the defendant in which it was stated that the defendant}{\insrsid14180868\charrsid2371670 \rquote s occupation of the land had }{\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{
\insrsid14180868\charrsid2371670 compelled the Authority to procrastinate its development of the said land}{\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{\insrsid14180868\charrsid2371670 . The Authority now claims that the said occupation is unlawful}{
\insrsid13642301\charrsid2371670  and without any colour of right and seeks an order of possession.}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
\par }{\insrsid14496126\charrsid2371670 
\par }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 Apparently the land in question was originally owned by the Colonial Sug}{\insrsid13642301\charrsid2371670 ar Refining Company, (}{\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{\insrsid13642301\charrsid2371670 CSR}{
\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{\insrsid13642301\charrsid2371670 ) the}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670  tenants thereof holding their tenancies from CSR, to whom they paid ground rents. Subsequently the land became Crow
n land and the Authority acquired a lease thereof in 1969 for a period of 99 years.
\par }{\insrsid13642301\charrsid2371670 
\par The parties filed affidavits }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 but the Court also heard evidence viva voce. Evidence was given that when the Crown acquired the particular lands, it seems that the Lands Dep
artment thereafter cancelled a number of marginal tenancies thereon. Apparently the present land occupied by the defendant, was then occupied by one Hari Ram, who seemingly had been a tenant of CSR. In any event, on the 12th March, 1973}{
\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670  the}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670  following document was drawn up}{\insrsid13642301\charrsid2371670 :}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
\par }{\insrsid13642301\charrsid2371670 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1206343 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid15674453\charrsid2371670 "}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 12th March, 1973.

\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14487017 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid13642301\charrsid2371670 
\par }\pard\plain \s36\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1206343 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid13642301\charrsid2371670 The Manager,
\par Housing Authority,
\par }{\ul\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 LAUTOKA
\par }{\ul\insrsid13642301\charrsid2371670 
\par }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 Dear Sir,
\par I, Ha}{\insrsid15674453\charrsid2371670 ri Ram s/o Nand Lal having paid}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670  rent to Lan}{\insrsid13642301\charrsid2371670 ds Department and now, to the H}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
ousing Authority under Tenancy No. Field 37/430 hereby relinquish}{\insrsid13642301\charrsid2371670  }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 any ri}{\insrsid13642301\charrsid2371670 ghts I may}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670  have had and transfer the same}{
\insrsid13642301\charrsid2371670  }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 to Asok Kumar }{\insrsid13642301\charrsid2371670 s/o}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670  }{\insrsid3026941\charrsid2371670 Ram Sewak together with}{\insrsid15674453\charrsid2371670  }{
\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 my house and out buildings.
\par }{\insrsid13642301\charrsid2371670 
\par }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 The purchaser Asok Kumar has been explained that he will be allocated a residential lot when Housing Authority's Sub}{\insrsid5711725\charrsid2371670 -}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 division reaches that area but he}
{\insrsid13642301\charrsid2371670  }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 will not be entitled for any subsidy or concessions that are normally considered in a case of a original recognized tenant.
\par }{\insrsid3026941\charrsid2371670 
\par }{\insrsid13642301\charrsid2371670 I accept the above transfer:
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1206343 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid13642301\charrsid2371670 Signed: H. Ram
\par HARI RAM s/o NAND LAL
\par }\pard\plain \s36\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1206343 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid13642301\charrsid2371670 
\par }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 Signed: A. Kumar}{\insrsid13642301\charrsid2371670 
\par }\pard\plain \s37\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1206343 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid13642301\charrsid2371670 ASOK KUMAR s/o RAM SEWAK
\par }\pard\plain \s36\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1206343 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid13642301\charrsid2371670 
\par Witness: Sgd. S. Mishra
\par }\pard\plain \s37\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1206343 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3026941\charrsid2371670 (S. MISHRA) \endash  for HOUSING AUTHORITY}{
\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
\par }\pard\plain \s36\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6765402 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid13828097\charrsid2371670 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14487017 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 On the 16th May, 1977 the defendant applied }{
\insrsid13828097\charrsid2371670 to the Lautoka Town Council for development}{\insrsid5711725\charrsid2371670  }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 permission, the}{\insrsid13828097\charrsid2371670  purpose of}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
 development being stated b}{\insrsid13828097\charrsid2371670 y }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 the defendant as being a }{\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 Proposal for a Temporary House}{
\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{\insrsid13828097\charrsid2371670 , }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 the class}{\insrsid13828097\charrsid2371670  of building being stated by the defendant as being a }{\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{
\insrsid13828097\charrsid2371670 Temporary Dwelling Extension as Shown on Plan.}{\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{\insrsid13828097\charrsid2371670  }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 The proposed extension consisted of three bedroo}{
\insrsid13828097\charrsid2371670 ms and a lounge constructed of masonite walls, partitions and ceiling, mounted on posts sunk in concrete, topped by a corrugated iron roof, the value of the work being set at $4,800. }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
The defendant had meanwhile applied to the Authority}{\insrsid15171064\charrsid2371670  in the matter, as on the 17th M}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 ay, 1977 a letter was addressed to the defendant by the Authority, }{
\insrsid15171064\charrsid2371670 gr}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 anting permission for the temporary extension on the following conditions}{\insrsid13828097\charrsid2371670 :}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
\par }{\insrsid13828097\charrsid2371670 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1206343 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{\insrsid14487017\charrsid2371670 (1}{
\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 )}{\insrsid1055173\charrsid2371670 \tab }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 That the extensions are not of a permanent nature }{\insrsid13828097\charrsid2371670 and can be readily dismantled on request, or on lat}{
\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 er than three }{\insrsid13828097\charrsid2371670 years after completion.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14487017 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid13828097\charrsid2371670 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid1206343 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid13828097\charrsid2371670 (}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 a)}{
\insrsid1055173\charrsid2371670 \tab }{\insrsid13828097\charrsid2371670 That}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670  the existing buildings be demolished immedia}{\insrsid13828097\charrsid2371670 tely on completion of the alter}{
\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 ations.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1055173 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid15171064\charrsid2371670 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid1206343 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid15171064\charrsid2371670 \'85\'85.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1055173 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid13828097\charrsid2371670 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1206343 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid1206343 (2}{\insrsid1055173\charrsid2371670 )\tab }{
\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 That you will remove your house and any trees, shrubs, etc, that may inte}{\insrsid14487017\charrsid2371670 rfere with the Autho}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 rity's proposed sub}{\insrsid5711725\charrsid2371670 -}{
\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 division of the area in which your house is situated at such time as the Authority requests if the Authority alone }{\insrsid13828097\charrsid2371670 decided such removal}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
 is necessary, and }{\insrsid13828097\charrsid2371670 that such removal will take place within 30 (thirty) days from the date of such request.}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1055173 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid5912039\charrsid2371670 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1206343 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid1206343 (3}{\insrsid1055173\charrsid2371670 )\tab }{
\insrsid5912039\charrsid2371670 That the proposed extension are not included in any removal costs that may be considered if condition (3) is enforced by the Authority.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14487017 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1206343 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid1206343 (4}{\insrsid1143915\charrsid2371670 )\tab }{
\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 That you guar}{\insrsid5912039\charrsid2371670 antee no hindrance to the Autho}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 rity's subdivision plans, or the work it, or its agents undertake in the area at any time,}{
\insrsid14487017\charrsid2371670  }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 nor from members of your family, or any other person associated with your residence in Vitogo and Drasa.}{\insrsid1143915\charrsid2371670  \'85"}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14487017 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid5912039\charrsid2371670 
\par }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 The defendant signified his agreement and his willingness to }{\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 abide by all the conditions stated}{\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{
\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 . Indeed, compliance with the Authority's conditions in the matter}{\insrsid5912039\charrsid2371670  }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
was stipulated to be a condition of the building permit, issued by the Lautoka City Council on the 30th June, 1977. On the 15th August, the Council issued a certificate of completion of the building. Meanwhile on the }{\insrsid1143915\charrsid2371670 22}{
\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 nd July, 1977 the Fiji Electricity Authority had addressed a letter to the Manager of the Housing Authority stating that}{\insrsid14487017\charrsid2371670 -}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
\par }{\insrsid14487017\charrsid2371670 
\par }\pard\plain \s36\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1206343 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
The (Fiji Electricity) Authority will make a supply available on the conditions that the applicant signs a form guaranteeing the (said) Authority a minimum return of $25
 per year for five years and pay a total deposit of $50, upon receiving the approval from you.}{\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14487017 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid5912039\charrsid2371670 
\par A}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 pparently the Housing Authority gave its}{\insrsid5912039\charrsid2371670  }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 approval in the matter.
\par }{\insrsid5912039\charrsid2371670 
\par }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 The defendant testified that the document dated the 12th March, 1973 was drawn up by Mr. Mishra, whom he referred to as a }{\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 manager}{
\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
 in the employment of the Authority. Mr. Jogendra Singh, the Divisional Manager for the Authority for the Western Division, conceded that there was an employee of that name on the staff of the Authority at the time, b
ut that he had since died. Mr. Singh added that he could not authenticate the particular signature. The defendant testified that he paid Hari Ram $1,000 as consideration under the agreement of the 12th March, 1973. This was corroborated by}{
\insrsid5912039\charrsid2371670  }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 Jai Narayan, a cousin of Hari Ram, who, he said, had emigrated to Australia, apparently in 1973. He testified also that}{\insrsid14487017\charrsid2371670  }{
\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 Mr. Mishra }{\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 wrote something}{\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 .
\par 
\par Further, as I have indicated, I consider that a promise on the part of the Authority itself arose in the letter of the 12th March, 1973, such promise being withdrawn on the 15th May, 1978 when a notice to quit was issued to the defendant.}{
\insrsid5912039\charrsid2371670 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 I have had occasion to consider the aspect of proprietary or promissory estoppel in the case of }{\i\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 Gurdial Sinqh and Chandra Hans}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670  (5) decide
d at Lautoka, where indeed I followed the}{\insrsid5912039\charrsid2371670  }{\insrsid15559630\charrsid2371670 learned exposition of the }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 law in the matter by Stuart}{\insrsid5912039\charrsid2371670  J in the case of }{
\i\insrsid5912039\charrsid2371670 Badal & Ors. v. Bhim}{\i\insrsid15559630\charrsid2371670  }{\i\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 Sen}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670  (6). I believe }{\insrsid5912039\charrsid2371670 
that the modern test is that laid down by}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670  Oliver L.J. (as he then was) }{\insrsid5912039\charrsid2371670 in his judgment }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 delivered in the case of }{\i\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
Habib Bank Ltd.}{\i\insrsid15559630\charrsid2371670  }{\i\insrsid5912039\charrsid2371670 v. Habib Bank A.G. Zurich}{\insrsid5912039\charrsid2371670  (7) at p.666 namely:}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
\par }{\insrsid5912039\charrsid2371670 
\par }\pard\plain \s36\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1206343 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 Whether, }{
\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670 in particular individual circum}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 stances it would be unconscionable for}{\insrsid15559630\charrsid2371670  }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
a party to be permitted to deny that which, knowingly or unknowingly, he had allowed or encouraged another to assume to his detriment.}{\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14487017 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670 
\par }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 Since then Sir Robin Cooke in delivering the judgment of the Lords of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in the case of }{\i\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 Sheila Maharaj v. Jai Chand}{
\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670  }{\insrsid15559630\charrsid2371670 (8) }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 observed at p.7}{\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670 :}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
\par }{\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670 
\par }\pard\plain \s36\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1206343 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
The doctrine of promissory estoppel is now firmly established, although its frontiers are still being worked out.}{\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14487017 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670 
\par }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 As I see it,}{\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670  t}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 he test set by Oliver L.J. is met}{\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670  in this case. }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 However,}{
\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670  }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 the Authority has at once both a}{\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670  }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 statutory }{\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670 
duty to perform and a statutory discretion to exercise. In this respect in the case of }{\i\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670 Commissioner of Inland Revenue v. Flour Mills of Fiji Ltd}{\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670 . (9)}{
\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670  }{\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670 the Fiji Court of }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 Appeal held at pp.34/36 that an }{\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670 estoppel }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
cannot be raised to prevent or hinder the exercise of a statutory duty or discretion. As to a statutory discretion, the Court relied in particular on the following dicta of Lord Parker C.J. in the case of }{\i\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 Southend}{
\i\insrsid5711725\charrsid2371670 -}{\i\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 On}{\i\insrsid5711725\charrsid2371670 -}{\i\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 Sea Corporation}{\i\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670  v. Hodgson (Wickford) Ltd}{
\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670 . (10) at p.423:}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
\par }{\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670 
\par }\pard\plain \s36\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1206343 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
As I have said, I can see no logical distinction between a case such as that of an estoppel being sought to be raised to prevent}{\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670  }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
the performance of a statutory duty and one where it is sought to be raised to hinder the exercise of a statutory discretion. After all, in a case of discretion there is a duty under the statute to exercis
e a free and unhindered discretion. There is a long line of cases to which we have not been specifically referred which lay down that a public authority cannot by contract fetter the exercise of its discretion. Similarly, as it seems to me,}{
\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670  }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 an estoppel cannot be raised to prevent or hinder the exercise of the discretion.}{\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14487017 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670 
\par }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 The dicta of Lord Templeman in the case of }{\i\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 Preston v. Inland Revenue Commissioners}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
 (11) at p.341, now indicate that judicial review of the decision of a statutory authority would nonetheless lie for unfairness amounting to abuse of power, if the authority were guilty of conduct equivalent to a breach of contract or breach of representa
tion on its part giving rise to an estoppel. I cannot see that any }{\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 abuse of power}{\insrsid16480030\charrsid2371670 "}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
 is involved in this case and furthermore this is not an application for judicial review. The Authority has a discretion in the matter of the allocation of sites for houses and, in my judgment, the defendant cannot raise any estoppel in the matter.
\par }{\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670 
\par }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 In any event, I must observe that he who seeks equity must do equity. There is the aspect that the def}{\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670 en}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
dant lives for a good deal of the year with his father, and that the house a
t Field 40 is not occupied by him for that period. I do not see that there can be any objection to that aspect. There is the aspect however of his share in another property and, as I have said earlier, it seems that it is this particular aspect which has 
affected .the exercise of the Authority's discretion so far. There is however}{\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670  }{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
the defendant's evidence that he fully intended to transfer his share in the house at Waiyavi to his wife. It may be that he has now done so. If he has done so, then I can}{\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670  only ob
serve that he has a strong case for the exercise of the Authority\rquote s discretion in his favour.}{\insrsid12545094\charrsid2371670 
\par }{\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670 
\par Meanwhile the Authority is entitled to an order. I order that immediate possession be given to the plaintiff.
\par 
\par Delivered In Chambers at Lautoka}{\insrsid6765402 
\par }{\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670 this 27}{\super\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670 th}{\insrsid14095955\charrsid2371670  Day of March, 1987.
\par }\pard\plain \s4\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1206343 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3026941\charrsid2371670 
\par (B.P. Cullinan)
\par JUDGE
\par }}