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.}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7626678 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626678\charrsid7626678 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9000146\charrsid7626678 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626678\charrsid7626678 (WESTERN DIVISION) \par AT LAUTOKA \par }{\b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626678\charrsid16344573 Civil Jurisdiction \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16344573 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16344573 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7626678 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626678\charrsid16344573 Action No. 88 of 1978. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7626678 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626678 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7626678 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626678 BETWEEN: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7626678 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626678 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7626678 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626678\charrsid7626678 PACHAMMA \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626678 d/o Madan Naiker \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501926 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626678 Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501926 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626678 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7626678 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626678 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7626678 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626678 AND: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7626678 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626678 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7626678 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626678\charrsid7626678 LOGESSA \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626678 S/o Kuppan \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501926 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626678 Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501926 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626678 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9000146 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626678 \par Messrs R.D. Patel & Raj Kumar, Counsel for the Plaintiff \par Dr. Khan, Counsel for the Defendant. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7626678 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626678\charrsid7626678 JUDGMENT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9000146 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9000146 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3894103 The plaintiff is the widow of one Sukhramani who died intestate on 19th August 1976. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9380117 O}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15036598 n 28.3.77 letters of administration were granted to the plaintiff.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3894103\charrsid9000146 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3894103 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 The deceased's (Sukhramani'}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid535211 s) estate comprised a 10 acre farm on Crown land at Ba, inherited from his mother and which is subject matter of his action.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3894103 \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270631\charrsid16351159 No formal lease appears to have been issued by the Director of Lands in respect of the land. The deceased occupied under an }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270631\charrsid16351159 Approval Notice of Lease}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270631\charrsid16351159 issued by the Director of Lands which indicates the rent payable and the duration of the lease. It is Ex.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270631\charrsid16351159 P.17 bears the nu}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16351159 mber 75950 and was issued on 18}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270631\charrsid16351159 th December 1974 to Sukhramani as administrator of his mother}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270631\charrsid16351159 s estate. He was also the sole benefi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13401935 ci}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270631\charrsid16351159 ary under}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13843045 her will.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3894103 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13843045 \par The deceased}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13843045 s mother had died in 1972 and it seems that she also occupied under an }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13843045 Approval Notice}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13843045 issued by the Director of Lands. \par \par During his lifetime, on 25th April, 1975, Sukhramani (deceased) had entered to a written agreement, Ex.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13843045 P.6, with the defendant agreeing to sell } {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3565787 the land to the defendant for $8000. By Clause 13 of the agreement the sale was to be subject to the consent of the Director of Lands. That Clause appears to accept a declaration in the }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3565787 Approval Notice of Lease}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3565787 , Ex.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3565787 P.17, in Clause 2 which reads as follows:-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13843045 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3565787 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2097442 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097442 This is a protected lease under the previsions of the Crown Lands Ordinance}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 ". \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4807058 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097442 Under S. 13(1) of that Ordinance any dealing with land held under a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097442 protected}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2097442 lease requires the consent of the Director of Lands and any dealing with the land in the absence of such consent is null and void.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3565787 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9000146 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3894103 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12195205 The defendant said in evidence that in pursuance of that agreement he entered }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14775285 the land about 12.4.75, i.e. about a week after making the agreement, built a house on it and began to farm it. Indeed Clause 5 allows for part of the purchase money to be paid from the proceeds o f the cane cultivated by the defendant from one year to year by making the proceeds payable by the F.S.C. to Sukhramani. However, the defendant only farmed it for about 2 years due to differences which arose between him and the plaintiff after Sukhramani} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14775285 s death in August, 1976.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3894103 \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10963659 At the time the defendant took over the cultivation of farm about 12.4.75 no application had been made by Sukhramani to the Director of Lands for his consent to the transfer. By a letter dated 23rd }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7546087 April, 1975 (Ex.D1) that Mr. Gordon, the Solicitor for both parties, sent in the application f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501926 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7546087 r consent along with the agreement Ex.P.6. It is not known on what date the Director received that agreement but on 20.5.76 the Director returned the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4816702 agreement,}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7546087 Ex.P.6 requesting some slight}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4816702 amendments to it which now appear therein Ex.D3 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5797187 the Director}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5797187 s said letter ExD3 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4816702 intimates that the application would be considered when the amendments had been made. Fo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138315 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4816702 various reasons the }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138315 amended application was never despatched to the Director in Sukhramani}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16138315 s lifetime.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3894103 \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid786948 Before}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14232916 the request for consent was re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid786948 newed the Director again wrote to Mr. G}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14748641 ordon the letter Ex.D4 of the 9}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid786948 th July 1975 pointing out that Sukhramani was still on record as holding the }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid786948 Approval for Lease}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid786948 as administrator of his mother}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid786948 s estate and requesting that he apply to be recorded as holding in his own name. That request was tardily complied with as is evidenced by Ex.P.3, an official form entitled }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid786948 TRANSFER OF C}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4215114 R}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid786948 OWN LAND}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid808347 dated 9}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid786948 th July 1976 which commenced as follows:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7101219 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid786948 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14748641 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2951132\charrsid9719771 I SUKHRAMANI\'85\'85\'85\'85..of Raviravi}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4215114 , Ba, Cu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2951132\charrsid9719771 ltivator}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4215114 ,}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2951132\charrsid9719771 as administrator of the estate of Anama}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4215114 , deceased,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2951132\charrsid9719771 hereinafter called the transferor, being pr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4215114 oprietor subject to such leases}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2951132\charrsid9719771 , Mortgages and Encumbrances as are notified by Memorandum endorsed hereon, of the following land\'85\'85\'85}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2951132\charrsid9719771 It }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15232686\charrsid9719771 describes the land and transfer}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8129674 s it to Sukhamani}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15232686\charrsid9719771 his own right}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8129674 . The Director of Lands endorsed his consent to that transfer}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15232686\charrsid9719771 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8129674 (I do not see why a transfer to Sukhramani in his own right }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15232686\charrsid9719771 was necessary in that S.13(2) of the Crown Lands Ordinance, Cap.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14232916 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15232686\charrsid9719771 113 enables}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15232686 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2451324 administrators to assign any protected lease with the Director}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2451324 s consent.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16607580 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid786948 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9000146 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid786948 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15803050 On 3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5264572 rd May 1977 although Sukhramani had died in 1976 Messrs Gordon, under a letter Ex.D2 re-submitted Sukhramani}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5264572 s request to transfer. The Director}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15803050 s reply Ex.D6 dated 18}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5264572 th May 1977 pointed out that since Sukhramani had died on 19.8.76 the Director wished to see probate relating to his estate.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid786948 \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6843863\charrsid16600645 Mean while the plaintiff as administratrix of Sukhramani}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6843863\charrsid16600645 s estate had intimated that she was not prepared to perform the agreement Ex.P.6. The Director of Lands has issued to t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5404394\charrsid16600645 he plaintiff, as administratrix, a fresh Approval }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12610108\charrsid16600645 Notice of Lease}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7958995 dated 11}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600645 th February 1978 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600645\charrsid4807058 Ex.P4.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid786948\charrsid4807058 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid786948 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600645 The plaintiff seeks a d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7415962 eclaration that the Ex.P.6 of 5}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600645 th April 1975 is null and void on the ground that it was acted upon before the Director}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600645 s consent was obtained. She also asks for possession and an injunction restraining the defendant from trespassing on the land.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid786948 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600645 \par P.W.1, who is employed in the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7415962 L}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600645 ands Department states that the Director will consent to the transfer if the plaintiff were to apply for it. \par \par The statement of defence proclaims the validity of the said sale and purchase agreement and the Director}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600645 s }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7415962 readiness to give his consent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11798765 . It pleads that the plaintiff is bound to apply for the Director}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11798765 s consent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600645 and is estopped from relying upon S.13(1) by reason of her own conduct. It seeks a declaration that the agreement is binding order for specific performance and a prayer for damages. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid786948 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11549496 Dr. Sahu Khan for the defendant submitted that the plaintiff is not a true lessee of Crown land. He pointed }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13204811 out that no formal lease has been executed; and that the Approval Notice for a lease}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5251997 does not make her a lessee. He cited }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5251997\charrsid5251997 Ganpati v. Somasundram}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5251997 , App.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14232916 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5251997 26/76}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525293 , F.C.A}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5251997 . as holding that an Approval Notice for a lease will not give rise to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5251997 a lease}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5251997 or }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5251997 protected lease}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5251997 . With respect to Dr. Sahu Khan that case does not support such a wide generalisation. The Court of Appeal was considering an approval notice which }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6495082 was peculiar to that case and they referred }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6495082 portions of it. Thus Gould J.A at p.1634, cyclostyled reports, says that it contained the words-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid786948 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6495082 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6495082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13057733 Lease to be subject to}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 the conditions set out in the C}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13057733 rown Lands (L}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9058986 eases & Licences Regulation}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14232916 s) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9058986 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13057733 This is a protected lease under the provisions of the }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 C}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13057733 rown Lands Ordinance}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13057733 .}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6495082 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9000146 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5251997 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525293 Spring J.A. at p.1638 quoted from the approval notice a statement that the applicant was authorised }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525293 to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2713271 occupy}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525293 as a tenant-at-will}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525293 and a statement that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid132563 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid132563 this letter shall not operate to create a tenancy in respect of the said lands}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid132563 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5251997 \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409513 Dr. Khan reminded me that I was bound to follow the law as interpreted by the Fiji Court of Appeal in that case. Of course one has to be very careful in elucidating what was the ratio decidendi in any particular case if the court itself has not specifically set it out. In my view it is correc t to say that }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409513\charrsid14232916 Ganpati}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409513\charrsid14232916 s}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409513 case was decided on whether that particular approval notice created or gave right to a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409513 protected lease}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6647992 and it was held that it did not although it contained the words }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6647992 This is a protected lease under the provisions of the Crown Lands Ordinance}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6647992 . I think it would be useful if I referred to the judgment in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6647992\charrsid14232916 Ganpati}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6647992\charrsid14232916 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6647992 case and to statutory provisions governing approval notices and Crown leases.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5251997 \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14039348 The Crown Lands Leases and Licences Regulations under Cap.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14232916 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14039348 114 provide for }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14039348 approval}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 " to issue to intended lessees }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14039348 who have applied for leases of Crown land. Regulations 4 to 7 inclusive require an application for a lease to be made in the prescribed form and set out the way in which it must be dealt with by the Lands Department. Under R.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14039348 8 the Minister may }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14039348 approve}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14039348 or refuse the application for a lease. Regulation 9 provides that the applicant shall be notified of the decision. However, there appear}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14039348 to be no prescribed form of a notice of approval indicated that it is the Minister}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14039348 s intention to grant a lease to the applicant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12010125 subject to the applicant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12010125 s agreement to abide by the proposed terms which it appears are set out in the approval notice which is sent to him.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5251997 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15605861 \par I referred to the decision of the F.C.A. in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15605861\charrsid14232916 Ganpati}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15605861\charrsid14232916 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15605861 case (supra) in my judgment in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15605861\charrsid15605861 CHANDRIKA PRASAD v. GULZARA SINGH}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15605861 Civ. Action 76/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14232916 19}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15605861 76 reported at p. 935, Vol.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14232916 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15605861 2 of the 1977 cyclo-styled reports. It is a Labasa case decided on 8.2.77 in which }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6819736 I held that a person occupying n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15605861 ative }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6819736 l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15605861 and }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6819736 under an approval notice issued by the Native Land }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15605861 Trust Board was, in equity, a lessee on the terms of that particular notice of approval.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14054619 I expressed the view in that judgment that the holder of an approval notice in relation to Crown land could be in a similar position de pending on the circumstances. I am still of the opinion for the reasons following.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15605861 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2571504 \par R.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2571504 35(1) states that following the Minister}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2571504 s provisional approval the Director is obliged to obtain an estimate of the survey fee of the land to be leased and the applican t is obliged to pay that fee. Of course if the land has already been surveyed and the exact boundaries established the question of survey may not arise if it }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12541101 simply}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2571504 allocates an already ascertained area. \par \par R.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2571504 35(2) & (3) state that the applicant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10823998 shall not b e let into possession until the survey fee has been paid along with the first 6 months rent and failure of the applicant to pay may cause cancellation of the provisional approval. It would seem then where the applicant has been in possession of the }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 land for }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10823998 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10823998 re than 6 months that the stating statutory }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1272255 requirement of R.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1272255 35 (2) & (3) has}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10823998 probably been comp}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10823998 ied with.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2571504 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5251997 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4219355 R.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4219355 35 (4) & (5) require the Director to have the land surveyed once the fee has been paid. Of course this is bound to depend on whether the leasehold has already been surveyed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5251997 \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11627679 R.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11627679 36 (1) is, in my view}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 ,}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11627679 very important. It does not simply give the Director a discretion as to whether or not he will execute a lease but it requires him to do so when Reg.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 35 has been complied with.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5251997 \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2246087 It reads:-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5251997 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2246087 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2246087 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2246087 R}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 . }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2246087 36(1) A lease embodying the approval terms and conditions }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2246087\charrsid4277835 SHALL}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2246087 then be prepared in duplicate by the Director, and the completed memorandum of lease }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2246087\charrsid4277835 SHALL}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2246087 be sent to the Commissioner in duplicate for execution by lessee, and the Commissioner }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2246087\charrsid4277835 SHALL}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2246087 enter the full parti}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4533885 culars of the lease in his }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 C}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4533885 rown Lease Rent Register. The lessee shall at the time he executes the lease pay all sums due for premium, rent, stamp duty and fees.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2246087 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9000146 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2246087 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid998329 It seems that if the holder of an }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid998329 Approval Notice}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid998329 is in possession and has paid 6 months initial rent and any necessary survey fees he is entitled under the regulations to receive his lease. If the Director fails in his duty under }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16207608 R.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16207608 36(}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid998329 1) to execute a lease it appears to me that the holder of the approv al notice could require him to do so. In other words the holder of a notice of approval who has complied with R.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid998329 35 appears to be in as good a position as if he hold}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid998329 a lease on the terms of the approval notice and he does not have to rely upon equity to e nforce his rights.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2246087 \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2107571 The effects of Regulation}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2107571 35 & 36 were not the subject of argument and submissions}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14882673 before their Lordships in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14882673\charrsid14232916 Ganpati}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14882673\charrsid14232916 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14882673 case. Although Marsack J.A referred to them in his judgment he was merely recapitulating and accepting the comments of my learned brother}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 (as he then was),}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14882673 Stuart J., in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14882673\charrsid14882673 Damodoran v. Raghwan}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14882673 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14882673 (Civil Action 3.1972) in regard to a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14882673 Notice of Approval}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14882673 . Marsack J.A. stated in his judgment that Stuart J. in }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14882673\charrsid14232916 Damodoran}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14882673\charrsid14232916 s}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14882673 case had held that an }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14882673 approval notice of lease}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14882673 in the same terms as }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14882673\charrsid14232916 Ganpati}{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14882673\charrsid14232916 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598261 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629875 approval notice did not constitute a lease. With the very greatest respect to his lordship, Marsack J.A., I think that what Stuart J. said was that the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629875 approval notice}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629875 in the case before him did not constitute a }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629875 protected lease}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629875 , as opposed of course to a normal lease. It is sufficient for the purpose of this judgment if I say that under the Crown Lands Ordinance there are 2 types of lease viz. protected and the usual form of lease. A lease is protected if it fall}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14232916 s within the provisions of S.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14232916 13}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629875 (1}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8473286 ),}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629875 and not otherwise. The reason for Stuart J}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 .}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629875 s decision is set out in the third page of his cyclo-styled judgment as follows:-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2246087 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629875 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11629875 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12069340 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3158686 am of the opinion that since the approval did not contain the words which alone create a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3158686 protected}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3158686 lease, it does not fall within the Ordinance and the intention t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8993246 o}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3158686 create a protected lease does not suffice.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629875 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3158686 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3158686\charrsid14882673 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9000146 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7156386 What are the words which are necessary to create a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7156386 protected}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7156386 lease? They are, as Stuart J.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14232916 pointed out, contained in S.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14232916 13}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7156386 (1) of the Ordinance and read as follows:-}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2246087 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7156386 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7156386 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7156386 This lease is a protected lease under the provisions of the Crown Lands Ordinance.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7156386 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9000146 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2246087 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038524 What Stuart J. held was that unless those exact wo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660807 rds were reproduced in a Crown lease it could not be a }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660807 protected}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660807 lease. The approval notice before Stuart J. stated}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690192 that the proposed lessee was to receive }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690192 a protected lease}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690192 , and these are not the exact words set out in S.13(1). Therefore that }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690192 approval notice}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690192 could not be the basis of a claim to receive a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690192 protected}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690192 lease.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2246087 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7156386 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid227023\charrsid12663166 Had the statutory words }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid227023\charrsid12663166 This is a protected lease under the provisions of the Crown Lands Ordinance}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15020414\charrsid12663166 been put into the }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15020414\charrsid12663166 approval notice}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15020414 (instead of the abbreviated version }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15020414 This is a protected lease}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15020414 ) Stuart J}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15020414 s approach may have been differen t. I say this because at p.5 of his judgment, after reviewing the steps to be taken under R.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15020414 35 and 36 in creating a lease he said at p.7 of his judg}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12406625 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15020414 with }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 reference to those regulations.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7156386 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3410610 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3410610\charrsid3497895 At first sight this view of the matter may appear to elevate the holder of a contract to lease Crown Land }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12523337\charrsid3497895 (i.e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3410610\charrsid3497895 .}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3410610 approval notice) to a position superior to that held by the holder of a lease.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7156386 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3410610 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3410610 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12523337 Moreover, he said that S.13 did not apply to the case before him because the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12523337 approval notice}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12523337 before him was not capable by virtue of his aforesaid decision of giving rise to a protected lease. With respect, I think it would be erroneous to conclude that Stuart J. held that an approval notice could not equate to a lease.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3410610 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9000146 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7156386 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10826379\charrsid6192786 Again, and with apologies to Marsack J.A., Stuart J., in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10826379\charrsid14232916 Damodoran}{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10826379\charrsid14232916 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10826379\charrsid6192786 case, was not and his lordship stated}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6192786 considering a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6192786 notice of approval}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6192786 in the same terms as the notice of approval before F.C.A. in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6192786\charrsid14232916 Ganpati}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 ' }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6192786\charrsid14232916 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6192786 case.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15296863 In the latter case, the }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15296863 approval notice}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15296863 did use the exact words required by S.13(1) whereas the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15296863 approval notice}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15296863 before Stuart J. did not use the exact words and for that he reason, as I have said, the learned judge held that it could not give rise to a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15296863 protected}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15296863 lease.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7156386 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13315223 \par Gould V.P. of the F.C.A. in his judgment in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13315223\charrsid14232916 Ganpati}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13315223\charrsid14232916 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13315223 case also referred to the judgment in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13315223\charrsid14232916 Ganpati}{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13315223\charrsid14232916 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13315223 case also referred to the judgment of Stuart J. (supra) and he said at p.2 of his judgment. \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13315223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 \'85\'85\'85.. }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13315223 Stuart J. had to consider whether }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13315223 an approval notice}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13315223 , similar to the one before this Court had in equity the status of a lease. He held that it did not, as no action for specific performance could have been brought against the Director of Lands.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9385985 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13315223 Gould V.P. was referring to p.4 of Stuart J}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13315223 s judgment where he said that specific performance could not be ordered against the Crown unless statutory authority existed to institute such an action. Stuart J. said that he could find no such authority in the Crown}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10889029 Lands Ordinance. However, Stuart J. had overlooked the provisions of S.17 of the Crown Proceedings Ordinance}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5511790 which enable a court in lieu of an order for specific}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10889029 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5511790 performance to make a declaration that specific performance would lie if the Crown were not a party. I have discussed this with him and he agrees that he overlooked these provisions and that his judgment in that respect was erroneous. His decision in }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5511790\charrsid14232916 Damodoran}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5511790\charrsid14232916 s}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5511790 case may well have been different had he been reminded of the said S.17.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13315223 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9000146 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9000146 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid752780 Their Lordships in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid752780\charrsid14232916 Ganpati}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid752780\charrsid14232916 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid752780 case were referred by the appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid752780 s counsel therein to the judgment of Stuart J. in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid752780\charrsid14232916 Damodoran}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid752780\charrsid14232916 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid752780 case, and they say he relied heavily upon it. Counsel for the appellant did not draw}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14489770 their lordship}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14489770 s attention to the fact that the }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14489770 approval notice}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14489770 in }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14489770\charrsid14232916 Damo}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065544\charrsid14232916 doran}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065544\charrsid14232916 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065544 case on which their lordships were invited to rely differed materially from that in }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065544\charrsid14232916 Ganpati}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065544\charrsid14232916 s}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065544 case which they were considering; nor did he point out that Stuart J. was in error in holding that the rule in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065544\charrsid9385985 Walsh v. }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1261272\charrsid9385985 Lonsdale}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1261272 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11040931 could not be relied upon against the Director of Lands to establish an equitable lease; nor did he point out that Stuart J}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11040931 s decision was confined to stating that the }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11040931 approval}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11040931 did support the existence of a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11040931 protected lease}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11040931 as opposed to a lease. The mandatory provisions of Regs.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11040931 35 & 36 requiring the Director to draft and execute a lease follow}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11676974 ing issue of an approval notice}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11040931 , where the }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11040931 lessee}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11040931 has compiled with the requirements, were not pointed out to their lordships and therefore the effect of Reg}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11538958 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11040931 .}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11040931 35 & 36 was never likely to be considered by the learned appellate court.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid752780 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3214853 \par It appears to me that Stuart J. took the view that the holder of an approval notice might be able to demand a tenancy, because as I have said after reviewing Regulations 35 & 36 he said as I have quoted supra}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14232916 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3214853 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3214853 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3214853 At first sight this view of the matter may appear to elevate the holder of a contract to lease Crown land to a position superior to that held by the holder of a lease}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3214853 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8267311 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8267311 \par He also said c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 ontinued further down that page:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8267311 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8267311 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2912015 It appears then that the Director of L ands, can, in fact, exercise at least the same measure of control over the holder of a more approval as he can exercise over the holder of a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13711470 registered lease. My conclusion}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2912015 then is that the transaction between the appellant and the consent of the Director of Lands and was therefore }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7297184 neither}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2912015 void nor illegal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8267311 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9000146 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11040931 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6370309 He did not hold that the approval did not give rise to a lease. \par \par For the aforesaid reasons I do not accept Dr. Sahu Khan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6370309 s submissions that }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6370309\charrsid14232916 Ganpati}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6370309\charrsid14232916 s}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6370309 case supports his condition that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6370309 approval notices}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6370309 cannot give any right to a tenancy. It must in my respectful view depend upon the contents of the particular approval notice and the conduct of the parties i.e. the applicant and the Director of Lands in connection therewith. There may well be a statutor y right as well as an equitable right to require a formal lease to be executed. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2128459 \par Turning now to consider the effect of a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2128459 notice of approval}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2128459 I quote from the judgment of Stuart}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3240900 J. in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3240900\charrsid14232916 Damodoran}{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3240900\charrsid14232916 s }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3240900 case (supra). He said it is-}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2128459 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3240900 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3240900 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 \'85\'85\'85.. }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3240900 an agreement on the part of the Director of Lands on behalf of the Crown to grant the (person named) a lease of the land }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8078871 referred}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3240900 to in the approval. That is there is contract for a lease}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 \'85\'85\'85\'85..}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3240900 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8078871 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8078871 \par I concur in that approach. \par \par Such a contract will create the relationship of landlord and tenant as soon as the latter is allowed to enter into possession and if he pays the required rent the tenant is entitled to specific performance of the agreement and in equity he holds as a tena nt under the terms agreed upon or implied. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5797513 \par In the instant case Sukhramani received an approval notice dated 18.12.74 which is stated to run from 1.4.73 at a rent of \'a3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4728627 53.0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16599949 0 per annum for 10 years. Since he took as administrator it seems that the date 1.4.73 is the date on which the original lease to his mother had commenced.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5797513 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16599949 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10162185 Sukhramani was in possession as administrator when that approval notice Ex.P.17 was issued. It see}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14232916 ms that the approval notice Ex.P}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10162185 .17 was necessary to vest his deceased}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10162185 s mother}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10162185 s rights in him as administrator because no lease had by that time been ex}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13511801 e}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10162185 cuted; had there been a formal lease it would only have required the Registrar}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10162185 s endorsement thereon that the title had passed on death to the administrator Sukhramani. There is no statutory provision for such endorsement of approval notices.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16599949 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15350242 \par There is no suggestion that the Director was simply granting a tenancy-at-will from year to year as in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15350242\charrsid9385985 Ganpati}{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058\charrsid9385985 '}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15350242\charrsid9385985 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15350242 case. The approval notice Ex.P.17 is expressed to be for 10 years from 1.4.73. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8598236 \par I assume that since the original grantee was in possession when she died and had been in possession for at least a year that the survey fee referred to in R.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8598236 35 had been paid by her and that she paid her rent as required by R.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8598236 35.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2567071 Perhaps the area had been leased and surveyed on a prior occasion and no survey fee remained to be paid. Accordingly at the time of her demise the Director was obliged under Reg.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2567071 36 to execute and register a lease in her favour embracing the terms of the notice of approval which had been issued to her.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8598236 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10177202 \par However, that may be Ex.P.17 is signed by the Director}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10177202 s agent and it also bears Sukhramani}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 ' }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10177202 s signature }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10177202 accepting the lease}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10177202 on the terms and conditions set out in the approval notice. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2896347 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2896347\charrsid10251474 It appears that Sukhramani as administrator must have paid the annual rent because, as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12809577\charrsid10251474 I have already stated, on the 9}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2896347\charrsid10251474 th July 1976 the Director of Lands, in Ex.P.3, consented to the land described in the approval notice Ex.P.17 being transferred to Sukhramani in his own right. The Director probably regarded Sukhramani}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2896347\charrsid10251474 s deceased mother as his predecessor in title and as entitled to a protected lease and was transferring this}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 right to Sukhramani under S. 13}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2896347\charrsid10251474 (2) of the Ordinance. The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2896347\charrsid10251474 lease}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9511162\charrsid10251474 had then been in existence since 1.4.73 having run 3 years of its 10 year term.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2896347 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661499 \par When Sukhramani entered into the sale and purchase agreement Ex.P.6 with the defendant on 5th April 1975 he and his mother}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid135566 must have compl}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 i}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid135566 ed with the terms of the approval notice because P.W.1 says that the Director }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12809577 was always ready to approve the transfer. If my approach to Reg.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12809577 35 & 36 is correct Sukhramani}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 was able to require the }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1903154 Direc}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12809577 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1903154 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12809577 r }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid135566\charrsid1903154 to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid135566 execute the necessary lease. If a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid135566 notice of approval}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid135566 conveys no rights one may w onder how the Director could purport to agree to the transfer of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid135566 nothing}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid135566 . In my view Sukhramani was in possession under a contract of tenancy i.e. the notice of approval Ex.P.17; he had performed his side of the bargain and apart from his statutory right under Regs. 35 & 36 he was entitled}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3561165 to be treated in equity as a tenant under the terms of Ex.P.17.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661499 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3561165 \par The lease to which he was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 entitled was by virtue of S. 13}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3561165 (1) a protected tenancy because that is one of the terms of the approval notice Ex.P.17. Therefore any dealing with the land}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041671 between Sukhramani and the defendant under the agreement for sale Ex.P.6 would render the transaction null and void if the prior consent of the Director had not been obtained.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3561165 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041671 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12611322 It is accepted that the defendant was allowed to enter the land, build a house on it and to commence cultivating it before the Director}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12611322 s consent had even been applied for. I cannot accept Dr. Khan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12611322 s contention that in such circumstances the defendant was not in possession}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6372474 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041671 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6372474 \par Under the terms of the sale and purchase agreement the defendant was to pay part of the purchase price of $8000 from the monies earned by the defendant on the land in question. The defendant grew cane on the farm in order to pay for it under the terms of Clause 5 of the agreement. In my view that behaviour clearly amounted to a dealing with the land. In fact the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6372474 s own evidence is that he spent his own money bulldozing part of the land and in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11827013 improving}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6372474 the drainage. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1717659 \par Unfortunately it was a dealing in the land which arose before the consent of the Director had been obtained; in fact the dealing with the land took place before consent had even been requested.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12994270 \par \par It is unfortunate that when Sukhramani, through his solicitor, Mr. Gordon, sent his transfer request, Ex.P.1, dated 23.4.75, to the Director along with the agreement Ex.P.6 dated 5.4.75}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10251474 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12994270 the Director was not satisfied with the terms of the agreement. At the date the defendant had been on the farm for about 10 days and had built his house on it. The}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1717659 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12994270 defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12994270 s occupation clearly preceded the attempt to obtain the Director}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12994270 s approval. The Director}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12994270 s reply Ex.D3, dated 20.5.75 required that the agreement for sale be slightly amended and the Director}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12994270 s consent was deferred. For various reason}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12994270 s, to which I have referred, before the amended agreement reached the Director }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15210548 he required Sukhramani to be recorded as holding in his own right and not as administrator of his mother}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15210548 s estate. Shortly after this further requirement was complied with, as evidenced by Ex.P.3. dated 9.7.76, Sukhramani died. The plaintiff, according to her evidence had always be}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 en opposed to sale, ste}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15210548 pped into Sukhramani}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15210548 s shoes.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1717659 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15210548 \par The defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15210548 s acts in performance of the agreement Ex.P.6 contravened S.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15210548 13(1) in that the Director had not consented to the transfer, and therefore the agreement null and void unless there is anything which saves it. \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8089578 Dr. Khan submits that Clause 13 of the agreement which expressly declares that it is the subject of the consent of the Director of Lands prevents the contract from being illegal. He relied upon }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8089578\charrsid8089578 MacGregor Investments v. Sheraton}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8089578 , F.C.A 62/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14232916 19}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8089578 76, which is found in the 1977 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10251474 cyclostyled}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8089578 reports. }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12519127 Dr. Khan did not refer to any passage in the judgments in that case which support his contention and I see none on referring to it. The judgments therein follow the established rule that a party to a contract should not be allowed to benefit his own wrong doing. I agree it is possible that Sukhramani and his successor }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9844290 (the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12519127 plaintiff) would not be entitled to rely on an absence of the Director}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12519127 s consent if Sukhramani had deliberately and intentionally failed to apply for it provided that the defendant had gon e into possession before consent was granted. If the defendant occupied the land without the Director}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12519127 s consent would amount to dealing with the land and notwithstanding the condition that the agreement was subject to the Director}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12519127 s consent one could not say that he had entered on the land other than as a result of the agreement.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15210548 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12519127 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9844290 I do not think that Clause 13, in making the contract subject to the Director}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9844290 s consent created a condition precedent whereby occupation by the defendant could not be a step in the fulfilment of the agreement. It merely repeats }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14232916 S.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14232916 13}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6838953 (1) of the Ordinance. By including clause 13 the parties were only stating that they would abide by the law. If they subsequently contravened the law their declared lawful intentions cannot avoid the consequences of the contravention.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12519127 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6838953 \par Frequently one refers to the effect of S.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6838953 13(1) as explained in the judgment of Gould J.A. in }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6838953\charrsid3290510 Jai Kissun v. Sumintra}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6838953 No.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14232916 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6838953 18/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14232916 19}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6838953 74 F.C.A. at p.7. \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6838953 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9441946 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3290510 f any agreement is signed and held to be inoperative and inchoate while the consent is being applied for I fully agree that it is not rendered illegal and void by S.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3290510 12. I think on a strict reading of S.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3290510 12 in the light of its ob ject, an agreement for a sale of native land would become void under the section as soon as it was implemented is some way touching the land, without the consent having been applied for}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3290510 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6838953 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9577750 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9577750 \par S.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9577750 12 referred to by his lordship appears in the N.L.T. Ordi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9385985 nance but is a parallel to S. 13} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9577750 (1) of the Crown Land Ordinance. \par \par In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9577750\charrsid9577750 Imam Hussain v. Shiu Narayan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9577750 , Civil Appeal 16 of 1978, F.C.A. (reported in the 1978 cyclostyled reports) at p.14 of their judgment Henry and Spring JJA said that where the transaction was subject to a condition}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11877003 precedent with no act of performance no difficulty arises. They took the statement no further in that case but later considered the effect of a condition precedent in Phaladu Sukh Ram Civil Appeal 43/78 reported in the 1978 cyclostyled rep orts. Henry J.A. in delivering the judgment of court at p.6 of the judgment considered the effect of a clause similar to that of clause 13 in the present agreement.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9577750 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11877003 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11348591 He said:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11877003 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11877003 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11877003 Whether or not the condition was a condition precedent or a condition subsequent depends not on technical words, but on the plain intention of the parties to determined from the who}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10251474 le instrument.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11877003 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14642617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642617 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10251474 On the 7}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642617 th page he added that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642617 acts done in performance of the agreement, may in cases such as the present also be relevant a topic although not a necessary factor in determining whether S.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11348591 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642617 12 had been breached}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642617 . \par \par In my view that acts done by the parties in letting the defendant into possession, in allowing him }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1073989 to build a house and cultivate cane and in proposing that the cash proceeds for cane crops in 1975 and 1976 be received as part payment of the purchase price and were acts in performance of the contract and undoubtedly touched and concerned the land. The defendant says that in the event of an order in his favour for specific performa nce he will pay the $8000 less value of the crops which he cultivated as agreed in clause 5. His statement reveals that he cultivated the farm in performance of the contract expects to be credited.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642617 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4739122 \par At the end o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11348591 f his evidence-in-chief he said:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4739122 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4739122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4739122 Deceased had agreed to sell to me}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11348591 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4739122 that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4739122 s why I came to live on it.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4739122 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4739122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4739122 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4739122\charrsid7493021 That seems to be a clear statement that he came on to the land in pursuance of the agreement especially when viewed in relation to his conduct under the agreement.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4739122 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7493021 \par I am not satisfied that Clause 13 was intended as a condition precedent. The parties have not referred to it as such in the evidence not has }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15082327 it }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7493021 been pleaded as such. It has, in my view, been treated as a condition subsequent. \par \par The consent of the Director had not been obtained up to the time of Sukhramani}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7493021 s death and the substantial acts of performance touching and concerning the land must, in my view, render the transaction between Sukhramani and the defendant null and void. I regret so finding because had it not been for the unfortunate mishaps to which }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200924 I have referred the Director would have consented within a few weeks of the signing of the agreement Ex.P.6.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7493021 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200924 \par There was no lawful agreement for sale obliging the plaintiff, as administratrix of the estate of Sukhramani, to apply for the Director}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807058 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200924 s consent thereto. \par \par The agreement having been rendered unlawful no rights or obligation accrue thereunder. There is no legal obligation on the plaintiff to render an account to the defendant. However, she said in evid ence that she had offered the defendant some payment for his work and expenditure during the period he was cultivating. It is to be hoped that she will not forget that offer. \par \par The defendant will give up possession of that part of the land which he at present occupies. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10038644 Since this will necessitate the dismantling of his house I consider that possession of that part should be delivered up within three months.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200924 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10038644 \par The defendant will pay the costs }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7559844 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10038644 hereof. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10038644 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10038644\charrsid14232916 (Sgd.) J.T. WILLIAMS \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10038644\charrsid10038644 JUDGE \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4739122 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10038644 Lautoka \par 14th September, 1979.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10038644\charrsid11040931 \par }}