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\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\subfontbysize\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace120\dgvspace120\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow3 \jcompress\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot13370310 \fet0\sectd \linex0\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14634598\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756242 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid11756242 IN THE }{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14634598 SUPREME}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11756242\charrsid11756242 COURT OF FIJI \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14634598 APPELLATE JURISDICTION}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid14634598 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14634598 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14634598\charrsid480139 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11756242 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11756242 Civil Appeal No. 6 of 1978}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid480139 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11756242\charrsid480139 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6695773 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11756242 B}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14634598 ETWEEN}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6695773 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11756242\charrsid480139 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6695773 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11756242\charrsid6695773 NAVIN RAI}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10691889 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11756242 s/o H}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6695773 ans Raj Rai \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14634598 (Appell}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 ant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6695773 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6695773 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6695773\charrsid480139 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6695773 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 A}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14634598 ND}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6695773 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6695773\charrsid480139 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6695773 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6695773\charrsid6695773 CHANDRA }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid6695773 JYOTI}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10691889 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6695773 d/o Bri}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 j Bhushan Lal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6695773 (Respondent) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid480139 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6695773\charrsid480139 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6695773 Mr. K.C. Ramrakha for the Appellant \par Mr. S. M. Koya}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 for the Re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6695773 sp}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 ondent \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6695773 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6695773 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6695773\charrsid6695773 JUDGMENT}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid6695773 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid480139 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6695773\charrsid480139 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6695773 This is an appeal fro}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 m the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6695773 Suva}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6695773 Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14634598 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6695773 s}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 Court wherein f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14307944 ollowing the hearing o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6695773 f a complaint brought by the respondent un }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 der the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6695773\charrsid480139 Maintenance}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 and Affiliation Act, 1971, the appellant was found to be in desertion of his wife and children, guilty of persistent cruelty and of wilful neglect to provide reasonable maintenance and wa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6695773 s ordered }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10951739 to pay maintenance in the sum o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6695773 f $20 per w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 eek for the respon}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6695773 dent and of $10 per week for ea}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 ch of the t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 wo children of the marriage, making}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 a total, payment of $40 per week.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411\charrsid480139 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 The facts appearing on the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 record and accepted by the learned }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411\charrsid480139 Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 can be set out fai}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411\charrsid480139 rly}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 briefly.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411\charrsid480139 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 The parties were married on 3rd March, 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 9}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 75 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 in India where t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 hey had met as students in that country. Th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 eirs was a marriage o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 f love as oppos}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411\charrsid480139 ed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 to the customa}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411\charrsid480139 ry}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 arranged marriage under which romantic feelings do }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 not often }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411\charrsid480139 prevail}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 . On their}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 return t}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14561973 o F}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 iji they lived with appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14634598 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 s father in Ba who r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 uns an aerated wat}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 er factory. Within a short p} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 eriod problems}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 started for}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 them. The respondent and her mother-in-law did not }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 get }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411\charrsid480139 on}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 well together and whenever there was a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411\charrsid480139 difference}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 o }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 f opinion between them which was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 not i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 nfrequent}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 appellant would openly take his mother}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14634598 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12928393 s side. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 Respondent wa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 s made to do more than her fair share of work in the house. As a result the relationship betw}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 een }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 the parties soon began to }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411\charrsid480139 deteriorate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 . The appellant became obnoxious in hi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 s conduct towards his wife and w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 ould }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411\charrsid480139 assault}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 her at the slightest or with l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 ittle }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411\charrsid480139 provocation}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 . This we}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 nt on more or less persistently }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 over a period}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 from about Feb}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 ruary 1976. Once the appellant came}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 home drunk in the early hours of the morning and assaulted the respondent causin}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 g injuries to her shoulder and f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 ace. As a result of that i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 ncident }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 the respondent got her father to take her away to Suva}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868411 . In}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229 July following a reconciliation in C}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 ourt the respondent returned to live with the appellant at Ba but no sooner had she settled down she w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14307944 as again violently assaulted by}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 the appellant and as a result}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 of} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12928393 which she received a black eye.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 Sh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229 e was assaulted several}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 time}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229 s afterwards and at a time when she was p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 regnant. }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229 Sh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 e was not given adequate food nor }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229\charrsid480139 was}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14307944 she given money to see}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 a doctor. She gave birth }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229\charrsid480139 to}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 her first chi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229 ld on 7th April}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 , 1977}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229 at Ba Mission Hospital. Appellant we}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 nt to see her once or twice at the hospital but none from his family. }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229 Her life of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 drudgery did not}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229 s}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 top }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229\charrsid480139 during}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 her }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229\charrsid480139 pr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229 egna}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229\charrsid480139 ncy}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 . The respondent had been doing }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14307944 all }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 the housework and washing for the family up t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229 o the day before she gave birth. In December 1976 she}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 had a }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229\charrsid480139 dispute}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 wi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229 th he}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 r mother-in-law abou}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229 t the purchase of a washing line and pegs and afterwards when}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 appellant came to know about it he severely }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229\charrsid480139 assaulted}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229\charrsid480139 respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 in}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229 fli}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 cting cuts to her face. The scar }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229\charrsid480139 from}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 these injuri}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229 es is still visible on her face}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 . This was at a time when she was three months}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14634598 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 pregnant with her second child. After that following another assault on her by the appellant she sent words her father t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229 o take her and the child away from Ba. }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 This her father did in January}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229 1978. She has been stay}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 ing with her }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229\charrsid480139 par}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229\charrsid480139 nts}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 in Suva}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229 ever since. Her second child was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 bo}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229 rn on 16th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 May, 1978. The appe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12928393 llant did}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229 /provide any form of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 subsistence for the respondent and their fi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229 rst child on the first occasion }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 the res}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4158229 pondent was forced to leave him}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11088198 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11088198 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 this was repe}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11088198 ated on the second occ}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11088198\charrsid480139 asion}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11088198 when }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 circumst}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11088198 ances drove the respondent away from appellant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11088198\charrsid480139 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11088198 From the facts in this}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16261526 case}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 it is clear that one of the major reasons for the difficulty in the partie}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11088198 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14634598 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11088198 marriage was the inability o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 f the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11088198\charrsid480139 respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11088198 and her }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14634598 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11088198 n l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 aws}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14634598 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 to get along together. However that migh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11088198 t not have been crucial if the appellant had }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 not }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11088198 taken sides with his parents to}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 the extent of turni}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11088198 ng hims}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 elf into a pugnacious husband. The appellant had sho}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11088198 wn throughout his relationship with his wife an utter lack of compassion and sympathy for her welfare and happiness}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16261526 . }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 Alth}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11088198 ough }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7088545 theirs was a } {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14634598 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7088545 love}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14634598 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7088545 marriage i}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 t struck disaster mainly }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7088545\charrsid480139 because}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7088545 the }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 appellant fa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7088545 iled to display conjugal kindness towards his wife.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7088545\charrsid480139 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 U}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7088545 nder the first ground of appeal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 it}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7088545 is co}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 ntended that the learned }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7088545\charrsid480139 Magistrate}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7088545\charrsid480139 erred}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7088545 in law}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 and fact i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817964 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 finding th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7088545 e appellant guilty of persistent }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7088545\charrsid480139 cruelty}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7088545 , when the evidence led}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 by the respondent fell far short of this g}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16261526 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 ave and serious }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7088545\charrsid480139 charge}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7088545 , and there }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 was no evidence led that her he}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7088545 alth}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 was being }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7088545\charrsid480139 undermined}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7088545 . In regard to this cont}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 entio}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7088545 n}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 it is only necessary to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7088545 refer to }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7088545\charrsid14634598 Gollins v}{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid14634598 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7088545\charrsid14634598 Go}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid14634598 llins}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid14634598 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7088545\charrsid14634598 [1963]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7088545 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539046 2 All E. R. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 966 where at page 992}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539046 Lord Pearce describes the main elements in the legal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 concept of cruelty. He states}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16261526 :}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539046\charrsid480139 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15539046 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14634598 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539046 Wh}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 en }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539046 the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 two }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539046\charrsid480139 par}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539046 ti}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539046\charrsid480139 es}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 and t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539046 he evidence }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 are before the court it is easier t}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14561973 o f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539046 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 m a view}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14634598 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539046 an to pronounce in the abstract. That view, though it makes allowance for the sub}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539046\charrsid480139 jective}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539046 emotions, }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 temp}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539046 erament and excuses of the i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 ndividuals, judges the conduct by its probable consequences, and thus decides the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539046\charrsid480139 question}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 of fact and degree whether this conduct between these spouses was cruel. It is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539046\charrsid480139 impossible}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 to}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539046 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 give a comprehensive }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539046\charrsid480139 definition}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539046 of cruelty, bu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 t when reprehensible condu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539046 ct or departure from the normal standards of conjugal kindn}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539046 ss caused}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 injury to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539046 health or an apprehension of it, it is,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 I thi}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539046 nk, cruelty if a reasonable person}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 , after taking due account of the temperament and all the other particular cir}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16261526 cumstances would consider that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 the conduct complained of is such that this }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539046\charrsid480139 spouse}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539046 should not be ca}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 lled on to endure it.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14634598 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid480139 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539046\charrsid480139 \par Such}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501313 conduct has also }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 been described in this }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501313\charrsid480139 connection}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501313 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 as }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501313 grave and weighty.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501313 here is ample evidence that the ap}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501313\charrsid480139 pellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 co}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501313 nsis}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 te}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501313 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 tly ill-treated his wife throughout the period they were together. Apart from this his }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501313 wife was subjected }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 to a life of physical drudge}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501313 ry w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501313\charrsid480139 ith}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14709843 out}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501313 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501313\charrsid480139 bjection}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 from the appellant. Although there is no direct evid}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501313 ence on the matter I thi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 nk it is fair and reasonable to infer that from the evidence in this ca}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501313 se that the respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14634598 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501313 s health w}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 as being injured or at least ran a real risk of being }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501313\charrsid480139 injured by}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 the kind of conduct meted out u}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501313 pon her by the appellant. On any}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501313 view the appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14634598 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501313 s conduct towards the re}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 spondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501313 was most reprehensible and grave indeed. I am s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501313\charrsid480139 atisfied}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501313 that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 on the ev}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501313 idence before him the learned Magistrate was j}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 ustified in holding that the appellant had been guilty of persistent cruelty. Therefo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501313 re I find no sub}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 stance in this ground of appeal. \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8790953 Tw}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 o other grounds of appeal may be dealt wi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8790953 th together as under them it is}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 contended that the learned Magistrate erred in law and fact is finding the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8790953 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 appellant guilty of desertion, i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9245554 nas}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8790953 much as }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8790953\charrsid480139 complaint}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8790953 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 gave evidence that she did not wish to bri}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8790953 ng coha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 bita}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8790953 tion}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 to an end but imposed conditions for the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8790953\charrsid480139 resumption}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 of their married life and in these circumstances it is contended }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8790953\charrsid480139 that}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 the respondent acted }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8790953\charrsid480139 unreasonably}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 and should have } {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8790953\charrsid480139 been}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8790953 held in desertion herself. The learned Magistrate found constructive desertion against the appellant. He }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 based his finding on the evidence of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8790953 cruel}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8790953 conduct }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 by the appellant towards his wife. The basis of the finding was that appellant}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14634598 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 s conduct}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8790953 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 towards his wife was of such grave and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8790953 w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8790953\charrsid480139 eighty}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 natu re that the respondent was left with little choice but to live apart from the appellant. The appellant by his conduct h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8790953 ad put his wife in a situation w}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 hich was not only most humiliating for her but also inimical to her state of health that she was obliged in her own be}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8790953 s}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 t interests to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8790953 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 stay }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8790953\charrsid480139 aw}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8790953 ay}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8790953\charrsid480139 from}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14634598 her husband.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9245554 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 V}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid16600010 iewe}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 d in the context of their worsening marita}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600010 l }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600010\charrsid480139 relationship}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 I do not think there could be anything }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600010\charrsid480139 unrea}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600010 s}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600010\charrsid480139 onable}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600010 in her offer to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 resume cohabitation only on condi}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600010 tion her husband leave the West}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 ern a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600010 rea.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 It was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600010\charrsid480139 obviously}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 done in the sincere}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600010 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9245554 hope }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 of s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600010 alv}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 aging their }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600010\charrsid480139 marriage}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 . }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600010\charrsid480139 However}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 , her husband}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600010 did not }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 see fit or hav}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1535972 e the inclination and will to comply.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1535972 Thus given the backgroun}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1535972\charrsid480139 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 of ill-treatment to which the respond}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1535972 ent was subjected coupled with a life of humiliation I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 do not think a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1535972 reasonable perso}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 n would expect her to continue to endure it. There is little doubt from the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1535972\charrsid480139 cir}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1535972 cum}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1535972\charrsid480139 stances}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1535972 of this c}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 ase that the overall effect of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1535972 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 appellant}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14634598 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 s conduct was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1535972\charrsid480139 expulsive}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1535972 . I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 am satisfied that the learned }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1535972\charrsid480139 Magistrate}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1535972 w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1535972 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1535972\charrsid480139 correct}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1535972 in find}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 ing constructive }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1535972 desertion against the appellant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 Accordingly I find no m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1535972 erit in these grounds of appeal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1535972\charrsid480139 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 Under the remaining grounds of appeal it is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10699593\charrsid480139 contended}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10699593\charrsid480139 the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10699593 quantum awarded in maintenance, namely $40 per week w} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 as exorbitant and punitive and was arbitrarily assessed without taking }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10699593\charrsid480139 into}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10699593 account th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 e current or true }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10699593\charrsid480139 pote}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10699593 ntial income of the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 appellant. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10699593\charrsid480139 It}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10699593 is said that th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 e learned Magis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10699593 trate based his assessment on me}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 re }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10699593\charrsid480139 speculation}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 with regard to the appellant}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14634598 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 s means. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10699593\charrsid480139 Counsel}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10699593 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 for appellant submits that in o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10699593 rder that a sum of $40 per w}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 eek co}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10699593 u}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 ld properly be levied the appellant must be shown to be in re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10699593 ceipt of an income of at least $100 (free of tax) per week. He says}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 that the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10699593 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 respondent on whom the onus of proof lies has not been able to show that appellan}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10699593 t was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 earning or capable of earning such an amount. According to counsel, apart from the fact t}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10699593 hat the evidence as to means was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10630437 unsatisfac}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 tory, whatever evidence there is shows quite clearly that the appellant was not in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5836199 fact earning $100 per week nor }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 c}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5836199 ou}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10370601 ld it be shown}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 that he was potential}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5836199 ly capable of earning that much.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5836199\charrsid480139 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 With respect this court is inclined to agree that upon the evidence, such as it is, which was placed before the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5836199\charrsid480139 learned}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5836199 Magistrate an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 award of}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5836199 $40 per week would appear to be somewhat}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5836199 on the high side}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 . }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5836199 T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 here i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5836199 s}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 no evidence that the appellant }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5836199\charrsid480139 was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 receiving a fixed or regular income on which a proper assessment f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5836199 or maintenance could be made. E}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 ven if he was in receipt}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5836199 of a regular income, such an amount is not known}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 . According to information in his income tax return for 1976 his last }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5836199 known income before tax was $1541. We do not know what his incomes have been during the years 1977 and 1978. W}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 hat is cle}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5836199 ar }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5836199\charrsid480139 however}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 is that the a}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15421575 ppellant has bee}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5836199 n working with h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 is }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5836199\charrsid480139 father}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5836199\charrsid480139 running}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 the aerated }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5836199 water factory but there is no informa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5836199\charrsid480139 tion}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7675091 as to what he was getting by w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 ay of wages. No attempt was made by the appellant to apprise the Court about his current income and this failure had caused the lea}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7675091 rned Magistrate to observe, not unjustly I}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 thin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7675091 k}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 , that the app}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7675091 ellant had tried to conceal his income }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 with a view to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7675091 evade his responsibilities to hi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 s wife a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7675091 nd children. Be that as it may I}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 think it would be w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7675091 ro}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 ng for a court to impose an ostensibly he}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14180847 avy maintenance without the necessary}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 supporting evidence of means.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14180847 In these circumstances I think it is only fair }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 and proper to make some adju}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14180847 stments to the award made in this Co}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 urt below. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14180847\charrsid480139 In}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 varying the award this Court is anxious }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14180847\charrsid480139 to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 strike a figure which, bearing in mind the appellant}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14634598 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 s age, educational backg}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14180847 round and}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 family }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14180847\charrsid480139 connections}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10370601 ,}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 will }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14180847\charrsid480139 leave}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 one reasonably satisfied that the appellant should }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14180847 be able to afford. Accordingly I set aside the award of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 $40 per week and in l}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14180847 ieu thereof it is ordered that the appellant sh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 all pay maintenance in the sum of $15 per week for his wife}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600117 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid16600117 and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10370601 $}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid16600117 5 per week for each}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 of his two children. In case this assessment may appear to be less than fair to one or other }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14561973 of}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 the p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10370601 arties, it s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600117 hould be pointed ou}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 t that either of them is at liberty to apply for f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14561973 urther variation on the basis o}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 f }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14561973 fresh and new evidence o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600117 f means. Th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 is order shall}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600117 take effect from the date of adjudi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 cation }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600117 in the court below, namely 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 st September, 1978. Credit must of course be given for all monies paid under the interim order for maintenance. The respondent will have her costs of this appeal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14634598 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600117\charrsid480139 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16600117 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600117\charrsid16600117 T.U. Tuivag}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid16600117 a \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600117\charrsid14634598 JUDGE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid14634598 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid480139 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600117 \par Suva}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600117 10th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600117\charrsid6817964 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 January}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817964 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid480139\charrsid480139 1979 \par }}