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\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196510\charrsid1340393 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI
\par (WESTERN DIVISION)
\par AT LAUTOKA
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1712986 CIVIL JURISDICTION}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196510\charrsid1712986 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx2340\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9196510 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196510\charrsid1712986 Action No. 250 of 1977
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\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196510\charrsid16059206 alias UDAY SINGH}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196510\charrsid16059206 
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GYAN SINGH}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16059206  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196510\charrsid1340393 s/o Suruj}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1712986  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196510\charrsid1340393 Pal Singh
\par 2. }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196510\charrsid1340393 PREM PAUL SINGH}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16059206  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196510\charrsid1340393 s/o}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1712986  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196510\charrsid1340393 G}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16059206 yan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196510\charrsid1340393 
 Singh
\par 3. }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196510\charrsid1340393 SAHODAR SINGH}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16059206  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196510\charrsid1340393 s/o Dharam
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1712986 Defendants}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196510\charrsid1340393 
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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx630\tx900\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16741717 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112936 Mr. G.P. Shank}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 
ar, Counsel for the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196510\charrsid1340393 Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 
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\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196510\charrsid1340393 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  Counsel for the 1st & 2nd De}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196510\charrsid1340393 fe}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 ndant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3623107 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196510\charrsid1340393 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid224340 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196510\charrsid1340393 Mr. S. Matawalu, Counsel for the 3rd &}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  4th Defen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196510\charrsid1340393 dants.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 
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\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 On 31/3/76}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7226893\charrsid1340393  the plaintiff, a roa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 d-sweeper, }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7226893\charrsid1340393 in the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 em}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7226893\charrsid1340393 ploy}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  of Lautoka City Council}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7226893\charrsid1340393  was knocked down }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 
and injured in the course of his}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7226893\charrsid1340393  work.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7226893\charrsid1340393 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 Two motor vehicles a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1712986 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 
bus and a van were involved in a collision which occurred at the intersection of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7226893\charrsid1340393 N}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 ava Street and Ravouvou Street}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7226893\charrsid1340393  where }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 the plaintiff was sweeping the road.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7226893\charrsid1340393 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 It is not disputed that the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1712986 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 bus was travell}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid154239\charrsid1340393 ing}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  along Ravouvou Street}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid154239\charrsid1340393 
, which is the major road, and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  that the van was travelling at right a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid154239\charrsid1340393 n}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 gles to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid154239\charrsid1340393  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 Ravouvou Street along Nava Street}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid154239\charrsid1340393 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  Both}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid154239\charrsid1340393  vehicles }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 were crossing over the intersection when they co}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid154239\charrsid1340393 llided}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  and the bus pushed the v}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid154239\charrsid1340393 an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 
 ahead of it causing it to overturn and knock down the plaintiff.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid154239\charrsid1340393 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 Defendants}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid154239\charrsid1340393  1 & 3 are the owners of the van and the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  bus respectively and defendants 2 & }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid154239\charrsid1340393 4}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  are }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid154239\charrsid1340393 the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 drivers both o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1712986 f whom are sued for negligence.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid154239\charrsid1340393 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 Some time after the accident, defendant 2,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12584251\charrsid1340393  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 
the van driver, pleaded guilty in the magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1712986 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9113388\charrsid1340393  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12584251\charrsid1340393 c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 ourt to careless driving and was fined }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5400803\charrsid1340393 $}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 30.00. His }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5400803\charrsid1340393 plea of guilty}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5400803\charrsid1340393 was tendered }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 on }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5400803\charrsid1340393 the advice}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3623107 of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 his counsel.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5400803\charrsid1340393 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 In giving }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393 evidence for}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393 plaintiff the defendant 2 alleged that the two buses were parked in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 Ravouvou Street on his l}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 ft hand side at the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393  junction}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  of th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  two roads. Wh}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 n he r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393 e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 ached the junc}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 ion }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393 they }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 obstructed his view to th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393 e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 ft alo}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393 ng}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  R}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12022899 avouvou}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  S}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393 tree}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 t from which direction th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  bus was approaching. Although th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393 e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 re is a stop sign in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393 N}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 ava Str}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 et }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393 at the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  intersection the defendant 2 all}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 g}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 d that he had }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393 t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 o proceed into the inter-section in order to get }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393 a view }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 of the road on his left. In cross-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393 examination defendant 2 denie}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 d driving }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 ud}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393 denly into the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid862892 inter-}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 section a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 d said t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393 ha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 t }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664238\charrsid1340393 he proceeded cautiously.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 
\par P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 .W.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 5, FAR}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 JAN A}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 LI, anoth}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 r road-s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 weeper, appeared}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  on the sc}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 ene }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 just }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 after}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  the accid}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 nt. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 H}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 e stat}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 d th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 t the bus }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 was then}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  on its }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 correct side}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  of Ravouvou Street }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 ith its front n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 ar side }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 wheels about 2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1712986 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393  from the kerb and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 that its front end had trav}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 
elled}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  subst}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 ntially b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 yond th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 e ce}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 ntre o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  inters}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 ct}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 ion}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 
. His evidence supports the testimony of the bu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  driver who c}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 la}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 imed that h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 t al}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  ti}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 m}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 es on his correct side of Ravouvou Street.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591040\charrsid1340393 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14037190\charrsid1340393 Ende}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 avours }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid862892 were made by }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1263103\charrsid1340393 counsel}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14761331\charrsid1340393  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 for the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14761331\charrsid1340393  1st}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14761331\charrsid1340393 a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 nd }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14761331\charrsid1340393 2nd }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 defend}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14761331\charrsid1340393 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 nts during cross-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14761331\charrsid1340393 exam}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 ination of the bu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14761331\charrsid1340393 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  driver, d}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14761331\charrsid1340393 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14761331\charrsid1340393 e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 ndant 3, to show that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14761331\charrsid1340393 he}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14761331\charrsid1340393 wa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 s n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14761331\charrsid1340393 e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 glig}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14761331\charrsid1340393 en}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 t.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid862892  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 He insisted that his speed was 15-20 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14761331\charrsid1340393 m.p.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 h. at t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14761331\charrsid1340393 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14761331\charrsid1340393  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 time }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14761331\charrsid1340393 and }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 that the va}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14761331\charrsid1340393 n emerged }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 suddenly from }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14761331\charrsid1340393 Nava Street}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  on his right driving into th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14761331\charrsid1340393 e p}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 ath of the bus }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14761331\charrsid1340393 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 nd immediat}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14761331\charrsid1340393 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 ly in front of it. Consequently he co}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14761331\charrsid1340393 ul}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14761331\charrsid1340393  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 not possibly avoi}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14761331\charrsid1340393 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  hitting it.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14761331\charrsid1340393 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 I believe }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8741210\charrsid1340393 P.W.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 5 and the bus driver d}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8741210\charrsid1340393 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 fend}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8741210\charrsid1340393 ant 3. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 I find that at t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8741210\charrsid1340393 he}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  time of the collision the d}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8741210\charrsid1340393 efendant 3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  was on his correct side of the road a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8741210\charrsid1340393 
n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 d }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8741210\charrsid1340393 p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 roce}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8741210\charrsid1340393 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8741210\charrsid1340393 ing}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  across the intersection at 15-20 m.p.h. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8741210\charrsid1340393 w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 h}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8741210\charrsid1340393 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 n the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8741210\charrsid1340393  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 van suddenly }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8741210\charrsid1340393 appeared immediately }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 in front }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5770244\charrsid1340393 of him}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 . The bus driver had no chance to avoid th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5770244\charrsid1340393 
e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  collisio}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5770244\charrsid1340393 n }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 and he was in no way negligent.

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5770244\charrsid1340393 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 The evidence }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5720334\charrsid1340393 given}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  by defendant 2 prom}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5720334\charrsid1340393 pts me to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  conclude that his }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5720334\charrsid1340393 plea of guilt}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7167741\charrsid1340393 y to careless driving was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 properly tender}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7167741\charrsid1340393 e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 d in the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7167741\charrsid1340393 magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1712986 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7167741\charrsid1340393 s court.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  I find }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7167741\charrsid1340393 t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7167741\charrsid1340393 at he }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693492 was solely responsible}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  for the acci}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7167741\charrsid1340393 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 ent and th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7167741\charrsid1340393 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7167741\charrsid1340393 conse}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 quent injuries to the plaintiff.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7167741\charrsid1340393 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429641\charrsid1340393 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 n the state}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429641\charrsid1340393 m}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 ent o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429641\charrsid1340393 f claim}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  it is alleged t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429641\charrsid1340393 hat the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  second defendant was driving the first def}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429641\charrsid1340393 end}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 ant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1712986 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10429641\charrsid1340393  van as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 the servant or agent of the fi}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693492 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 st def}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3015201\charrsid1340393 end}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 ant. The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3015201\charrsid1340393 evidence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  of defendants 1 }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3015201\charrsid1340393 &}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  2 is that t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3015201\charrsid1340393 he}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  defendant 2 had }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3015201\charrsid1340393 borrowed }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 
the van from defendant 1 to travel fro}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3015201\charrsid1340393 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  Sigatoka to}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3015201\charrsid1340393  Lautoka }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 in order to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3015201\charrsid1340393 p}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 urchas}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3015201\charrsid1340393 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  spares for defendant 2}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1712986 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 s o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609405\charrsid1340393 w}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 n c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609405\charrsid1340393 ar.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  Defendant 1 agreed that he }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609405\charrsid1340393 l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609405\charrsid1340393 a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 ned his car}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609405\charrsid1340393  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 to d}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3015201\charrsid1340393 efendant }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11609405\charrsid1340393 2 for }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 
that journey. I am satisfied on t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13458219\charrsid1340393 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 at evidence,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13458219\charrsid1340393  and there }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 is no other evidence on that as}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13458219\charrsid1340393 pe}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 ct, that d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13458219\charrsid1340393 efendant }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15302517 1 }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 in no way liable as master or principal for the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340393\charrsid1340393  n}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13458219\charrsid1340393 egligence }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13458219\charrsid1340393  defendant }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 2 who }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13458219\charrsid1340393 was neither the servant nor the agent }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 
of defendant 1.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13458219\charrsid1340393 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 Of the four }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5246910\charrsid1340393 defendants only defendant 2 is in my view liable to the plaintiff.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 As a result of the accident the plaintiff }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5246910\charrsid1340393 received a compound fractured of the lower parts of the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  right ti}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5246910\charrsid1340393 b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 i}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5246910\charrsid1340393 a and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  fibula and "degloving" of the dorsal }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5246910\charrsid1340393 area 
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 of the ri}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5246910\charrsid1340393 ght}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  foot i.e. ext}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368470\charrsid1340393 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 nsiv}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368470\charrsid1340393 e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  loss of skin.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368470\charrsid1340393 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 H}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6886636\charrsid1340393 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  was admitted to ho}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6886636\charrsid1340393 spital}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  on 31/3/76 and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6886636\charrsid1340393  received}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7891321  s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 kin grafts }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6886636\charrsid1340393 a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 nd }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6886636\charrsid1340393 operations for fractures, and he was detained }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 
in hospital until 24/5/76. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491557\charrsid1340393 A}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 t that sta}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491557\charrsid1340393 
ge he was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 using crutches.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491557\charrsid1340393  P.W.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 1, Dr. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491557\charrsid1340393 MacNam}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7891321 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491557\charrsid1340393 ra, stated }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15491557\charrsid1340393 the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7764474 p}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 laintiff was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693492 able }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 to }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14372051\charrsid1340393 walk}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  on 16/3/77 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14372051\charrsid1340393 
and the medical report set out }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 in the st}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14372051\charrsid1340393 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 tem}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14372051\charrsid1340393 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 nt of claim and which is in no }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14372051\charrsid1340393 challenge }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 shows th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14372051\charrsid1340393 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 t on 12.4.77 the pl}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14372051\charrsid1340393 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 intiff w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14372051\charrsid1340393 as }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 fit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14372051\charrsid1340393  to take up his}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  duties once again.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14372051\charrsid1340393 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 The medical report states }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14372051\charrsid1340393 that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393  the plaintiff h
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14372051\charrsid1340393 ad not resumed work and suggested t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 hat the plaintiff should}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14372051\charrsid1340393  attend for assessment }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4399165 of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 his permanent dis}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14372051\charrsid1340393 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 bility. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4391666\charrsid1340393 Dr. MacNamara put this at 10%.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4391666\charrsid1340393 
\par On 13/7/77 the plaintiff was again admitted to hospital when it was ascertained that he was suffering from }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693492 a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4391666\charrsid1340393 myocardial infarc}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693492 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4391666\charrsid1340393 ion which could have given rise to gangrene in the left foot}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12660485\charrsid1340393 
 which was amputated on 15/9/77}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4399165 . Dr. MacNamara stated}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12660485\charrsid1340393  quite categorically that the infarction and amputation were}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14964664  in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12660485\charrsid1340393  no way a result of the accident and injuries to the right leg.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4391666\charrsid1340393 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12660485\charrsid1340393 
\par The plaintiff states that up to the date of his re-admission to hospital in July 1977 he was still having to use crutch}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14964664 es in order to walk. At the same}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12660485\charrsid1340393  time he relies upon the medical report of D}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14964664 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12660485\charrsid1340393 
. Proud, dated 19/5/77, which states that the plaintiff, after discharge attended the follow-up fracture clinic on eleven occasions and was deemed fit for work on 12/4/77.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11107466\charrsid1340393 The special damages include $24}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2696266 0 for travelling expenses by taxi}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11107466\charrsid1340393  to and from the hospital which has been challenged on the ground that no details were given}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8654334 . The plaintiff made 11 trips at}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11107466\charrsid1340393  $3.00 per trip and Mr. G.P. Shankar for the plaintiff submitted that an award under this head be reduced to 11 x $3.00 = $33.00. I allow $33.00 accordingly.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12660485\charrsid1340393 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11107466\charrsid1340393 
\par There is a claim for special nursing but this was abandoned by Mr. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8654334 G.P Shankar in his submissions.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11107466\charrsid1340393 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6238451\charrsid1340393 
\par The third item of special damage is for less of wages during the period of incapacity which in the prayer is alleged to be from 31.3.76 to 21.11.77. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340393\charrsid1340393 No}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6238451\charrsid1340393  daily rate of pay or weekly rate is indicated. The amount claimed as loss of wages is $3,800.
\par 
\par The City Clerk, P.W.3, Vishnu Chand, testified that the plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1712986 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6238451\charrsid1340393 s pay during 1976/77 varied from $54 gross to $58}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2696266  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2104024 gross. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6238451\charrsid1340393 
I take the average and arrive at $56 gross per week which may produce slightly different figures fro}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2104024 m those arrived at by the City C}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6238451\charrsid1340393 lerk whose records are based on the actual wage prevailing during different periods of the plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1712986 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6238451\charrsid1340393 s incapacity.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6238451\charrsid7685737 No reason is given by the plaintiff for claiming up to 21.11.77 when the medical report indicates that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6374463\charrsid7685737 
in April, 1977 he was fit for work. The City Council paid him }{\fs26\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6374463\charrsid15825206 2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6374463\charrsid7685737 /}{
\fs26\lang2057\langfe1033\sub\langnp2057\insrsid6374463\charrsid15825206 3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6374463\charrsid7685737 
 wages up to 12.4.77 which is the date on which the medical report says he was fit for work. There is no suggestion in the evidence of the City Clerk, P.W.3, or of the plaintiff that the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340393\charrsid7685737 plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6374463\charrsid7685737  ever complained that the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2696266\charrsid7685737 
payments should not have ceased }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15825206 in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6374463\charrsid7685737 that he was not fit for work on 12.4.77. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2696266\charrsid7685737 The}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6374463\charrsid7685737  plaintiff also received Workmen Compensation from the City Council amounting to $1,247.48 which P.W.3 }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340393\charrsid7685737 says}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6374463\charrsid7685737  was the complain}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15418557\charrsid7685737 ant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1712986\charrsid7685737 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6374463\charrsid7685737 s full entitlement.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6374463\charrsid1340393 
\par 
\par P.W.3 states that the total wage received by the plaintiff was about $1900. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340393\charrsid1340393 If}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6374463\charrsid1340393 
 the wage payments were based on 54 weeks incapacity i.e. from 31/3/76 to 12/4/77 at }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504542\charrsid1340393 $56 per week the total salary would be $3024 and }{
\fs26\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid2504542\charrsid15825206 2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504542\charrsid1340393 /}{\fs26\lang2057\langfe1033\sub\langnp2057\insrsid2504542\charrsid15825206 3}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504542\charrsid1340393  thereof would be $2008. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340393\charrsid1340393 It}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504542\charrsid1340393  appears there
fore that the Council}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1712986 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504542\charrsid1340393 s payments were based on the plaintiff being fit for work on 12/4/77. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340393\charrsid1340393 Again}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504542\charrsid1340393 
 the payment of ages during incapacity was not merely an ex gratia type award but was based on an agreement between the Council and its employees. It would seem therefore that the plaintiff must have ac}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15825206 cepted that he was only entitled}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504542\charrsid1340393  to such payments up to 12/4/77}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16336627 . H}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504542\charrsid1340393 ad }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15825206 he }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504542\charrsid1340393 
still been badly incapacitated one may have expected that he would have relied upon that agreement and have protested to the City Clerk, P.W.3, that he had stopped the payments before the plaintiff was fully recovered.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid668738\charrsid1340393 If the plaintiff was unfit in July 1977 due to his injury it would have been possible for him to return to the hospital and have his incapacity verified.
\par 
\par I come to the conclusion that it is fair and proper to accept 12/4/77 as the date on which the plaintiff was able to work again. Would he have been able to resume his old job as a road sweeper? There has be}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2059522 en no evidence or allegation or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid668738\charrsid1340393 
 submission in that respect. I can only take the view that the statement in the medical report that he was fit for work m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340393\charrsid1340393 eans fit for the work he had bee}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid668738\charrsid1340393 n doing.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10703117\charrsid1340393 Apparently the plaintiff never attempted to do his job in April 1977}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16336627  or subsequent}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10703117\charrsid1340393  thereto.
\par 
\par Therefore the period during which the plaintiff was unable to follow his occupation was 31/3/76 to 12/4/77 which is 54}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10556302  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10703117\charrsid1340393 
weeks. Taking his salary at $56 per week and ignoring the trifling amount he would pay in tax his earnings for that period amount to $3024. According to P.W.3 the plaintiff received $1900 during that period from the City Council therefore }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10556302 his loss of earnings would be $}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10703117\charrsid1340393 (3024-1900) - $1124.00.
\par 
\par There remains the claim for general damages }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4742791\charrsid1340393 to cover pain, suffering and discomfort, loss of faculty to the extent of 10% and consequent detriment to his enjoyment of life.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10703117\charrsid1340393 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4742791\charrsid1340393 
\par It is now 2 years since the plaintiff was discharged from hospital. It appears that he did not have to return for further treatment to the injured leg. He does not complain that it is now cau}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10556302 
sing him any particular pain or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4742791\charrsid1340393  discomfort.
\par 
\par There is nothing in the pleadings or evidence-in-chief to indicate his age. However, Mr. Matawalu for the 3rd and 4th defendants obtained from the plaintiff that he was 65 years of age. At the time of the accident he would be 62 years of age.
\par 
\par Awards of pain and suffering and loss of amenities made in the U.K., Australia and New Zealand are not much help in Fiji where salaries, conditions of climate, living }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6762900 conditions, }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4742791\charrsid1340393 amenities, costs of living, standard of living etc. are very different from those in more highly developed nations. English cases do assist in indicatin
g the kind of principles to be followed in assessing such awards.
\par 
\par There }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340393\charrsid1340393 has been no suggestion that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4742791\charrsid1340393 
he was dismissed because of his injury and it is not possible for me to try and include any figure for the loss of future earnings. The fact that the plaintiff is unfortunately }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9440320\charrsid1340393 
unemployed is due to the amputation of his other foot rather than to any injury received in the accident. For pain suffering and loss of amenities}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340393\charrsid1340393  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9440320\charrsid1340393 I award him $3,500 which gives a total of $4,624.00 to which I add the $33.00 taxi }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10556302 fares }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9440320\charrsid1340393 which makes it $4,657.00.
\par 
\par Mr. Sahu Khan submitted that S.24 of the Workman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1712986 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9440320\charrsid1340393 
s Compensation Ordinance, Cap. 77, bars the plaintiff from claiming damages when he has already recovered compensation from his employer. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10906957 With respect, I would say that S}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9440320\charrsid1340393 .24 specifically enables the plaintiff to pursue both remedies but leaves it open to interesting parties to restrict him from receiving and retaining both compensation and damages.
\par 
\par It is apparent that the Court, if moved by the City Council under S.24, should make an order that the plaintiff reimburse the Council to the extent of the $1,247.48 paid to the plaintiff by way of compensation.
\par 
\par The City Council are fully aware of this action and as I have said the City Clerk, P.W.3, has given evidence including reference to compensation paid. No move has been made by the Council to claim re-imbur}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340393\charrsid1340393 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9440320\charrsid1340393 ement and in the circumstances, i.e. in the light of the Council}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1712986 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9440320\charrsid1340393 s full knowledge of the action I do not propose to make any adjustment of my own volition. It remains o
pen for the Council to take such steps as they wish.
\par 
\par There }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340393\charrsid1340393 will b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9440320\charrsid1340393 e judgement for the plaintiff }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340393\charrsid1340393 
in the sum of $4,657.00 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10906957 plus cost as against defendant }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3301245 No.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10906957 
2 which I fix at $120.00 excluding }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340393\charrsid1340393 disbursements.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9440320\charrsid1340393 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340393\charrsid1340393 
\par The plaintiff will pay the costs of defendant No.1, which having regard to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3301245  the f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid341350 act that his defence was joint with }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3301245 defendant No.2 I fix }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340393\charrsid1340393 at $}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5639774 50}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340393\charrsid1340393 .00.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340393 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10819140 
\par The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid341350 plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10819140  will pay the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid341350 costs of defendants 3 & 4 which hav}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10819140 in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid341350 g}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10819140  regard to it being a joint defence I fix at $70.00.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10819140\charrsid1340393 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340393\charrsid1340393 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1340393 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1712986 (S}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340393\charrsid1712986 gd) }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10819140\charrsid1712986 (J.T. }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340393\charrsid1712986 WILLIAMS)
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340393\charrsid1340393 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid224340 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224340\charrsid1340393 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340393\charrsid1340393 LAUTOKA,
\par 25th April, 1979}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid341350 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340393\charrsid1340393 
\par }}