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\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid468904 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid468904\charrsid468904 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI
\par (WESTERN DIVISION)
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16721727 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid468904\charrsid468904 AT LAUTOKA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid468904 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid468904 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16721727 CIVIL JURISDICTION}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid468904\charrsid16721727 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16721727 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16721727 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid468904 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid468904\charrsid16721727 Action No. 348 of 1978
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5602231 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid468904 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid468904 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16721727 BETWEEN}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid468904 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5602231 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid468904 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid468904 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid468904\charrsid468904 PARMANAND MAHARAJ
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid468904 s/o Sahadeo Maharaj
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5602231 PLAINTIFF}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid468904 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5602231 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid468904 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid468904 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid468904 AND
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5602231 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid468904 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid468904 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid468904\charrsid468904 MOSESE SENIWAKULA
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5602231 DEFENDANT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid468904 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10378777 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid468904 
\par Mr. B.C. Patel, Counsel for the Plaintiff
\par Mr. C. Gordon, Counsel for the Defendant
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid468904 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5602231 JUDG}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid468904\charrsid468904 MENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10378777 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid468904 
\par For the sake of convenience I will deal with the present action together with C.A. 349/78 and C.A. 350/78. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204679 The}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid468904 
 plaintiff in this action together with his wife (the plaintiff in C.A. 350}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13061402 /78}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid468904 
) and his daughter (the plaintiff in C.A. 349/78) were in a car which was in collision with a car driven by the defendant in all three actions. They each sue the defendant for damages for injuries received. The defendant admits li
ability in each case and these proceedings were limited to the assessment of the quantum of damages.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204679 I will deal first with the wife. She suffered contusions to both legs but in fact only the injur}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16721727 y to the left leg left any scar}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204679 . The consultant surgeon from}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10573534  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204679 
Lautoka Hospital who gave evidence for the plaintiffs described it as an area scar 4 x 1 cm in size on the anterior aspect of the left leg, below the knee with scattered dipigmentation }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5912828 a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16721727 nd hyper pigmentation with minim}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9314824 al depression over both scar}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5912828 s. T
hese represented a cosmetic deformity of mild degree. The plaintiff gave evidence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1448339  that the leg had swollen, becom}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5912828 
e sceptic and required penicillin injections and bandaging every day. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7349977 It was a time when she was pregnant and was very uncomfortable. For some }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9314824 
time the scar}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7349977  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9314824 w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7349977 as deep, but it has got better. She pr}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9314824 oduced a photograph of the scar}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7349977  which }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9314824 she }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7349977 says was taken a week before the action, but she also showed the scare to the cour}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9314824 t. It seems to me that the scar}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7349977  had improved considerably, and I would not consider it to be ver}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9314824 y unsightly. What the doctor said sums it up to succinctly -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7349977  perhaps even with }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9314824 a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7349977 
little exaggeration. The scar represents a cosmetic deformity of very mild degree. The plaintiff seems to be quite unnecessarily sensitive about it and claims
 that she is ashamed of it and now has to wear saris and long dresses rather than the short dresses she would prefer to wear. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10573534 With due respect I cannot b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9314824 elieve that for an Indian lady - or any lady for that matter -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10573534  having to wear a form of dress as beauti
ful as a sari can be a hardship. And in any case }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9314824 I cannot accept that the scar i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10573534 s so unsightly that it has to be ke}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12594271 pt }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10573534 covered up. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13198313 
The lady is an attractive lady and I am sure is justifiable proud of her appearan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9314824 ce, but she is not a model or }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13198313 dancer }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15422315 where small imperfection}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9314824 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15422315 
 might be important. I cannot imagine anyone being put off or being more than mildly intrigued }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10555213 by the small scar}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15422315 
 on her leg. I see no reason why she should not return to short dresses as often as she wants, whether in the office, in the home or anywhere in public.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid468904 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15422315 
\par I would assess damages to be paid in her case for personal injury, pain and suffering at $300, and therefore give judgement in her favour for this amount.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595112 
The case of the daughter Kavita, the plaintiff in C.A. 349/78 is rather different. Here is a little girl of about 8 years of age, received two injuries to the face. The injuries described in the statement of claim do not agree with those described by the 
consu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9314824 ltant surgeon Dr. McNamara or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595112  those indicated to me in the court. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11224674 These a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9314824 re an elliptical pigmented scar}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11224674  measuring 3cm. at the outer end of the right e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9314824 
yebrow and a hypertrophied scar}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11224674  in the region of the right naso-labial fold extending downwards to th
e muco-cutaneous junction of the right upper lip. Apparently there was also a small injury to the tip of her left middle finger, but that has not been referred to in the statement of claim and I cannot take it into account.
\par 
\par Of the two facial scares the one near the right }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541898 eyebrow}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11224674  has healed satisfactorily and to me was scarcely }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541898 visible}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11224674 . The other injury to the cheek }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9314824 has left a more noticeable scar}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11224674 . Cosmetic surgery was attempted by Dr. McNamara involvi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9314824 ng excision of part of the scar}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11224674 
, and re-suturing to try to improve the appearance of the injury. This was only partly successful so the father (the plaintiff in C.A. 348/78) took her to Australia where further cosmetic surgery wa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541898 
s performed. Again this was only}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11224674  partly successful and Dr. McNamara}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9053987 
 has classified her injuries as serious cosmetic disability. Further cosmetic surgery could be attempted in the future which might further improve the facial appearance of the girl although some disfigurement will probably always remain. The plain
tiff is a pretty little girl with an attractive smile and no doubt as she grow}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14302147 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9053987  up she will become more conscious of impediments to her beauty.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16209318  But unless she wants to go in for beauty contest}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14302147 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16209318 
 or become a model or film star I cannot imagine that the scars are likely to affect her future prospect}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14302147 s. The scar}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16209318 
 near her eyebrow is scarcely discernable and although the scare to her cheek is more noticeable I really don}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14302147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16209318 
t think it detracts much if anything from her appearance. She remains a pretty little girl and will no doubt grow into a beautiful young lady and I am sure that even without further surgery any embarrassme}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2498702 nt she might feel over the scar}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16209318  can be effectively reduced or elim}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2498702 in}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16209318 ated by careful use of cosmetics.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14302147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1573952 In my opinion her case is hardly worse than that of the schoolgirl in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1573952\charrsid2498702 Atherton v Lancashire County Council}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1573952\charrsid2498702  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1573952 
reported in Kemp and Kemp, the Quantum of Damages, Vol. 2 at page 3667 who suffered nasty cuts in the vicinity of the lip and chin. She was left with considerable cosmetic disability although
 her facial appearance could probably be improved by plastic surgery. There were other side effects. She was awarded }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14302147 \'a3550 general damages.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1573952 

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14248645 
\par In this case I would assess general damages at $1500. Although special damages were not pleaded counsel in court app
lied to amend the statement of claim in order to submit a claim for special damages arising out of her trip to Australia and the medical treatment she received there. The claim amounted to over $900 and included air fares for herself and her father to Aus
tralia (because it was said that she could not travel on her own, or in the care of airline), hotels accommodation, meals and even the hire of a television set whilst in the hospital.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5595394 
\par 
\par However there was no evidence that this expensive trip to Australia was necessary. Dr. McNamara }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7300009 recommended her}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5595394 
 to the Plastic and Reconstruction Surgeon in Sydney, but he never said th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14302147 at the trip was necessary or that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5595394 
 treatment was only possible in Australia.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14248645  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7300009 
In fact he had carried out an operation himself, and although he was not altogether satisfied with the result, there seems to be no reason why he could not have}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14302147  carried out a second or even }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7300009 third or fourth operation himself. Although the parents of the chi
ld might be prepared to pay for the most expensive treatment so as to minimise the effects of the scar, and may well consider that any slight improvement in its appearance would justify the expense. I do not consider that this additional cost should be pa
ssed to the defendant. The award of general damage}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14302147 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7300009  I have made is if anything on the high side conside}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14302147 ring the appearance of the scar}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7300009  now. It would }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14302147 be more appropriate to the scar}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7300009  before the trip to Australia and would take into account any future attempts }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9442474 to improve }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14302147 its }
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9442474 appearance.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14248645 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9442474 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2643574 I would therefore limit the award in respect of Kavita to $1500 general damages with no award in respect of special damages.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9442474 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2643574 
\par The case of Parmanand Maharaj,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2498702  the plaintiff in C.A. 348/78 is}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2643574  more serious. He sustained a posterior dislocation}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11414738  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2643574 of the left }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11414738 hip to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1316631 
gether with a fracture of the a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11414738 centabulum and Ischial Tuberosity involving the articular surface of the hip.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2643574 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11414738 
\par The injury has healed and the only abnormality detectable at this stage is a moderate 5% restriction of the externa
l rotation of the hip. However the injury has been complicated by an earlier injury to the right ankle. This places an extra strain on the left hip, causes further restriction on the plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14302147 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11414738 s activities, and is likely in the future to increase to the le
vel of a probability the likelihood that there will be early onset (possibility in about 10 years) of degenerative joint changes in the hip resulting in considerable restriction a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3958185 
nd necessitating major surgery -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11414738  i.e. to replace the hip joint. So the prognosis is not good, partly due to the injury }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3958185 
which itself has deteriorated, and partly due to the injury }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11414738 to the hip which incidentally aggravates the ankle injury}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3958185 
 and is itself aggravated by the ankle injury.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11414738  The plaintiff has suffered considerable pain and d
iscomfort, he still suffers pain and discomfort after exertion and in cold weather (luckily in Fiji he should not get much of that). He can look forward to pain and discomfort in the future and the prospect of major surgery in about 10 years.
\par 
\par The plaintiff is a transport manager, and although he has tried to persuade the court that he needs t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10228832 
o travel round the country in buses and cars, and to drive these vehicles, I think he has rather exaggerated his need. He has certainly not suffered any financial loss
 in his job, in fact on the contrary his salary has gone up as he has assumed greater responsibilities so there can be no award for loss of future earnings. His activities will become increasingly restricted, but some of this would be due solely to his an
kle injury.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9053987 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10228832 
\par In his case I would ass}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11613924 ess general damages for pain and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10228832 
 suffering and loss of amenities and taking into account future pain and suffering and major surgery at $5000.
\par 
\par To sum up then in C.A. 348/78 I give judgement against the defendant in the sum of $}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1316631 5000. I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6692608 n C.A}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1316631 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6692608  349/78 I give judg}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10228832 ment against him in the sum of $1500}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10570976  and in C.A. 350/78 I give judg}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10228832 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1316631 ent against him in the sum of $}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10228832 300 together with costs in each case to be agreed or taxed.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1316631 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1316631 Sgd. (G.O}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10228832\charrsid6692608 .L}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1316631 .}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10228832\charrsid6692608  Dyke)
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10228832\charrsid10228832 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10378777 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10228832 
\par LAUTOKA
\par 16th November, 1979}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9053987 
\par }}