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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4986245 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4986245\charrsid6970273 
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI
\par (WESTERN DIVISION)
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6249041 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4986245\charrsid6970273 AT LAUTOKA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4986245 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4986245 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6249041 CIVIL JURISDICTION}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4986245\charrsid6249041 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6249041 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6249041 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4986245 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4986245\charrsid6249041 Action No.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8994311  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4986245\charrsid6249041 221 of 1978
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4986245 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4986245 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4986245 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6249041 BETWEEN}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4986245 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4986245 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4986245 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4986245 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4986245\charrsid6970273 AJMAT ALI}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid604198  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4986245 s/o Gulab Shah
\par Plaintiff
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6249041 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4986245 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4986245 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4986245 AND
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4986245 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4986245\charrsid6970273 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4986245 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4986245\charrsid6970273 SHAFIQUE ALI}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid604198  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4986245 s/o Sitan Ram
\par Defendant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11807746 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4986245 
\par Messrs. Tulsi R. Sharma & Co. for the Plaintiff
\par Messrs. U. Mohammed & Co. for the Defendant
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4986245 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4986245\charrsid6970273 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11807746 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4986245 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11807746\charrsid11807746 It was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12732629\charrsid11807746 admitted}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11807746\charrsid11807746  by both }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12732629\charrsid11807746 parties}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11807746\charrsid11807746  that the plaintiff, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12732629 a b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11807746\charrsid11807746 us driver, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12732629\charrsid11807746 entered}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11807746\charrsid11807746  into an }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12732629\charrsid11807746 agreement}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8994311  with the defendant, a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11807746\charrsid11807746  taxi }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12732629\charrsid11807746 proprietor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11807746\charrsid11807746  to purchase }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12732629\charrsid11807746 from}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11807746\charrsid11807746  the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12732629\charrsid11807746 defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11807746\charrsid11807746  a Holden }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12732629\charrsid11807746 Station}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11807746\charrsid11807746  Wagon, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7109678 U731}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11807746\charrsid11807746 , }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7109678\charrsid11807746 registered}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11807746\charrsid11807746  as a t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7109678 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11807746\charrsid11807746 xi, tog}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9001681 ether}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11807746\charrsid11807746  with the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9001681\charrsid11807746 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9001681 e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9001681\charrsid11807746 l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9001681 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9001681\charrsid11807746 va}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9001681 n}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9001681\charrsid11807746 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11807746\charrsid11807746  taxi }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9001681\charrsid11807746 permit}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11807746\charrsid11807746  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9001681 T713, at an }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11807746\charrsid11807746 agreed price of $2,500. Ho}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9001681 w m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11807746\charrsid11807746 uch of t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9001681 his }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11807746\charrsid11807746 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6170912 epresented the value of the vehicle and how much the value of the taxi permit was not clear. The plaintiff paid $2,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6104015 0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6170912 00}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11807746\charrsid11807746  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6170912 
and took possession of the taxi. He was also given a completed transfer of ownership form signed by the defendant to have the vehicle transferred into his own name, although this was never effected. It would have been ineffective to }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12655700 transfer the vehicle as a taxi in the plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6249041 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12655700 
s name, but there is no reason why it could not be used to transfer the vehicle into the plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6249041 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12655700 s name as a p
rivate vehicle. The remaining $500 was to be paid later when the transfer for the taxi permit was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8994311 effected}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12655700 
. Apparently the plaintiff did later give the defendant a post-dated cheque for $500 but this was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6760991 dishonoured. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12655700 
The plaintiff took possession of the vehicle on 21/7/76 and apparently ran it as a taxi thereafter on the strength of the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6249041 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12655700 s }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8994311 taxi permit and with the vehicle still registered in the defendant's }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12655700\charrsid15430498 name}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12655700 
. The plaintiff rather vaguely said that he only used it for 2 or 3 months earning about $15-20 dollars a day; but he certainly had it in his power to use it as a taxi, subject to any }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3557 breakdowns,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12655700  until 17/3/78 when the defendant took rather drastic steps to make }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16151273 sure}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12655700 
 that the taxi permit was cancelled and the plaintiff could no longer use the vehicle as a taxi.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6170912 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10835292 The plaintiff claimed that he had to spend $1,470 on the vehicle between the time he took possession of it till he got the last certificate of fitness which was for 1978, and}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13305250  claims}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10835292  the return of that sum as special damages. I don}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6249041 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10835292 t understand how he justifies that claim even if he only ran the taxi for 2-3 months as he alleges. He certainly ran it on its original 1976 certificate}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4087818 , he got another certificate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10835292  in 1977, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14624833 and }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10835292 even if he has not been using it as a taxi all the time he agreed that he used it priva
tely. There was no evidence to show that there were inherent faults when he took over the vehicle, if there were later found to be faults there was nothing to indicate that they were not a result of the plaintiff}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6249041 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10835292 s own use of the vehicle, when he used it as a taxi, or when he used it for his own private purposes}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10835292\charrsid3611605 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10108150\charrsid3611605 
 Presumably he felt quite entitled to use the vehicle as a taxi and for private purposes without accounting for any of his earnings to the defendant. The plaintiff originally claimed specific}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3611605  perfor
mance of the agreement to transfer the vehicle and taxi permit to him and special damages for what he had to pay to get the 1978 certificate of fitness and certain other claims}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3242960 
. But, perhaps now realising that it is not, and was not, in the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6249041 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3242960 s pow
er to transfer the taxi permit, or have it transferred, the plaintiff no longer seeks specific performance of the agreement. He is apparently content to return the vehicle to the defendant, in whose name it is still registered, and asks for the return of 
t
he $2,000 he paid to the defendant together with the $1,470 he says he spent on the vehicle. I notice that he still does not offer to account for whatever monies he made out of the vehicle when he used it (quite illegally) as a taxi, or for his own privat
e use of the vehicle. T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3637067 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3242960  give }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3637067 judgment in the terms he seeks would be blatantly unjust.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6170912 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14091300 The defendant called no witnesses and simply argued that the whole agreement was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1265233  for}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14091300 
 an illegal purpose and thus the plaintiff is not entitled to the return of the $2,000 he paid to the defendant or to be paid the $1,470 he says he spent on the vehicle to get the certificate of fitness necessary for it to be run as a taxi.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6170912 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14893261 He quotes regulation 12 of the Traffic (Taxis and Rental Cars) Regulati}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1259158 ons LN 62 of 1967. Regulation12}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14893261 (1) reads}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6170912 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14893261 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13723095 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6249041 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723095 
Subject to the provisions of this regulation, a permit shall be personal to the holder thereof and shall not be transferred or assigned.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6249041 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14893261 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11807746 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6170912 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid616028 Regulation 12(3) provides for the only circumstances in which the Principal Licensing Authority may authorise the transfer of a permit, and those circumstances do not pertain in this case.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6170912 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid616028 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1259158 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid616028 Regulation 12(4) provides
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11807746 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid616028 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid616028 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6249041 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid616028 
If the holder of any permit purports, in contravention of the provisions}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4277498 
 of this regulation, to transfer or assign the permit to any other person, or causes or permits any other person to provide the service}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8725247 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4277498 
 authorized in the permit, both the holder of the permit and the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1259158 other }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4277498 person shall be guilty of an offence.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6249041 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid616028 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11807746 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6170912 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15954134 So the whole transaction was tainted with illegality, and the plaintiff has admitted}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12267654 ly}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15954134 
 operated under the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6249041 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15954134 
s taxi permit quite illegality. He cannot claim as his counsel seemed to claim on his behalf, that he was ignorant of the law, or that he was taken advantage of by the defendant who certainly should have known the law.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6170912 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13199885 In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13199885\charrsid13199885 Narendra Khan Sharma v Jag Deo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13199885 
 C.A. 174/1973 the situation was similar except that in that case the defendant had repossessed the car from the plaintiff and sought to retain it and resist a claim for damages for conversion and detention. It was in th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8596411 at}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13199885  case held that the original agreement was entirely unlawful and neither the plaintiff nor the defendant was entitled to any relief on t
he strength of it. The plaintiff could not for instance claim the return of monies paid under the terms of the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15359259 agreement. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13199885 
However possession of the car had passed to the plaintiff and the defendant had wrongfully repossessed it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4653057  Although the plaintiff could not claim back the money he had paid under the terms of the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15359259 agreement,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4653057 
 he was entitled to have the vehicle returned to him. The only damages claimed were loss of earnings and since such earnings would have had to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11491864 be }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4653057 
gained from an unlawful use of the vehicle they could not be allowed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6170912 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15359259 
In this case the agreement was similarly unlawful and the plaintiff is not entitled to have monies paid by him under the terms of the agreement returned to him. He has the vehicle in question and he has a signed transfer of
 ownership form, which, although it will not allow him to have the vehicle registered as a taxi in his name, will enable him to have it registered in his name as a private vehicle. He will have to be content with that.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6170912 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676174 As I have said earlier the plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6249041 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676174 
s claim for special damages cannot be justified on any ground, and the whole of the plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6249041 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676174 
s claim is dismissed. The defendant is entitled to costs of this action to be agreed or taxed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6170912 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676174 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4676174 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1259158 (S}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676174\charrsid4676174 gd.) G.O.L. Dyke
\par JUDGE}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676174 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11807746 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676174 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1259158 LAUTOKA,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676174 
\par 21st December, 1979.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6170912 
\par }}