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\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid70760 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid70760\charrsid70760 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16336390 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid70760\charrsid16336390 (WESTERN DIVISION)
\par AT LAUTOKA
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid70760 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid70760 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid70760 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4264535 Civil Jurisdiction}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid70760 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4264535\charrsid16336390 Action No. 48 of 1977}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid70760\charrsid16336390 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid70760 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid70760\charrsid70760 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid70760 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid70760 BETWEEN}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid403876 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid70760 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid70760 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid70760 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid70760 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid70760\charrsid70760 H. H. MOTORS LIMITED
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid70760 (PLAINTIFF)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid70760 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid70760 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid70760 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid70760 AND}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid403876 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid70760 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid70760 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid70760 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid70760 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid70760\charrsid70760 RAJAIHHA REDDY}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4264535  d/o}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid70760  Munsami
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid70760\charrsid70760 DEO LINGAM REDDY}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid70760  s/o Munsami Reddy
\par (DEFENDANTS)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid70760 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid70760 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11098361 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid70760 Mr. H. C. Sharma, Counsel for the Plaintiff
\par Mr. C. Gordon, Counsel for the Defendants.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid70760 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4264535 JUDGMENT}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid70760\charrsid70760 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11098361 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid70760 
\par Carpenter Motors Limited sue the two defendants for the balance allegedly owing under a bill of sale held by the plaintiffs in respect of a motor lorry which the defendants had purchased from them.
\par 
\par The indorsed writ suggests a simple transaction involving the sale to the defendants of a Ford motor truck; failure of the defendants to pay instalments, the amount claimed being the balance remaining after the truck had been seized and sold. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14691134 The amount claimed is $2406.24.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid70760 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14691134 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14691134\charrsid7436043 The defence which was filed on 12.4.77 denies the claim in all respec}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid403876\charrsid7436043 ts and contains a counter-claim}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14691134\charrsid7436043  showing that the truck w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4264535\charrsid7436043 as bought for $5,000 on 31/1/75;}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14691134\charrsid7436043  that in August, 1975 it was involved in an accident and the plaintiff as mortgagees under the Bill of Sale took over the repa
irs and later without informing the defendants of their intention to do so sold the truck for $1250. In consequence the defendants have suffered a loss of $4, 250.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14691134 It seems that the plain
tiffs were in no hurry to conclude the proceedings. On 27.6.77, more than 2 months after the counter-claim they filed a reply to the effect that the purchase price had been $5000; that they carried out repairs to the truck, that }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9574678 it was advertised in the press }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10769939 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9574678 as a mortgagee}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10769939 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9574678 s sale}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10769939 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14691134 
 and that offers of $2,500 and $200}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7623057 0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14691134  were not followed up and they finally sold it for $1, 250.
\par 
\par On the face of the pleading the price of $1, 250 in September, 1976 seems an incredibly low price in view of the fact that the plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10769939 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14691134 
s claim to have repaired the truck following the accident. One would expect that if repairs were properly effected its value would have been restored to something approaching its original value of $5000.
\par 
\par The plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10769939 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14691134 s own pleadings indicate }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2053899 that there is something for them to explain.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14691134 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2053899 
\par When the defendants purchased the lorry the defendant 2 was a salesman in the employ of the plaintiffs. They hired out a lorry to the transporter, Piara Singh, D.W. 1 who used it on the construction work on the Nadi O
 Suva Highway. Whilst being used on that work in August, 1975 it ran down a hill, left the road and was extensively damaged underneath, and there was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10769939  damage to the cab, the truck s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2053899 ides, lights and so forth. It was comprehensively insured for purposes of t
he Bill of Sale and the New India Insurance Co. towed it from Sigatoka where the accident occurred to Lautoka and it was handed to the plaintiffs to carry out the necessary repairs.
\par 
\par The defendant 2 says, and there is absolutely no evidence from the plaint
iffs to contradict him, that whilst the lorry was being repaired by the plaintiffs he visited their garage at Veitari, Lautoka, to see the lorry and to check on progress of the repairs.
\par 
\par The day prior to the accident the defendant 2 says }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid673908 he had arranged to
 sell it for $5,500 to a transporter, N.N. Khan, D.W.2. The latter says that he was still interested in the truck after the accident provided repairs were satisfactorily carried out and he went 3 or 4 times to look at it whilst it was undergoing repairs. 
He estimates that about 70% only of the necessary repair work was carried out by the plaintiffs but even in that condition it was worth about $4000-$4,500.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2053899 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid673908 
\par D.W.1 who was familiar with the lorry as the contractor hiring it said that the repairs were not fully effected when he saw it in the plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10769939 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid673908 
s garage and he spoke to their foreman. He valued the truck at $4000-$4,500 even though it had not been fully repaired.
\par 
\par D.W.3 Ambika Prasad Sharma was employed in the plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10769939 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid673908 s credit control section in Lautok
a at the material time. He now works elsewhere. He said that the plaintiffs obtained the insurance tender for the repairs and that the defendant came to see him several times about the repairs. He says that the defendant complained that the repairs were n
ot }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3111405 satisfactorily and that he (D.W. 3) passed the defendant 2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10769939 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3111405 
s complaints on to one Ah Sen the plaintiffs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10769939 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3111405  credit controller who is based in Suva. During the dispute between the plaintiffs and the d
efendants about the nature of the repairs it appears that the lorry was standing in an exposed compound of the plaintiffs in the Veitari area of Lautoka. Whilst in the compound it suffered from the attacks of pilferers who took away the metal side walls, 
and the hydraulic tipping device (it was a tipper) and such like. Apparently, it was in such a sorry state when the plaintiffs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13896633 , as mortgagees, advertised it for sale in May 1976 on an }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10769939 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13896633 as is where is}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10769939 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13896633 
 basis that no firm tender was obtained. Eventually they left it go on a private sale at $1,200 when it had been in their custody for 8 months.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid673908 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13896633 
\par In view of the history of the lorry which I have set out briefly one would }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5512138 have }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13896633 
expected evidence from the plaintiffs to show that as bailees in the form of mortgagees 
in possession, and prior to that as bailees carrying out repairs, they had taken care of the lorry. What were the repairs needed to be done after the accident? How much did they cost? What, if any thing, remained to be done after the accident repairs had 
been affected? I have set out the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10769939 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13896633 s evidence at this stage to direct attention to my initial comment that on the plaintiffs}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10769939 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13896633  own pleadings there is something }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14446843 
which requires explanation. The lorry was in their possession at all times material to th
e claim. They were in a position to explain how a lorry which they had repaired under an insurance claim and which never left their possession dropped in value from about $5,500 to $1, 250. They have called no evidence on such matters.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13896633 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14446843 
\par P.W.1, the plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10769939 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14446843 
s credit Supervisor from Suva could give no information concerning the purchase of the lorry, the Bill of Sale or its seizure except that which he gleaned from records which he presumably brought from Suva.
\par 
\par The foregoing outline and comments are based on a presumption that the lorry was not seized under the Bill of Sale until after the repairs were affected. 
\par 
\par Under the Bill of Sale the defendants had paid a deposit of $1850.55 the purchase price of $5000 to which was added Bill of Sale charges, comprehensive insurance and agreed interest of $666. Instalments were payable at $193 per month on }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1209773 from 1/3/75.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14446843 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1209773 
\par The true position is that on 3.10.75 about 2 months after the accident the lorry was seized by the bailiff P.W. 2 and his warrant Ex. P.8 shows at that stage the instalments}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521077 
 owing amounted to $383.00 which is 2 months}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10769939 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521077  instalments}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1209773 
. It would seem that the defendants stopped paying any instalments after the accident. It was apparently lying at Mudaliar}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10769939 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1209773 
s garage Lautoka to where it had been towed after the accident and the bailiff then towed it to the plaintiffs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10769939 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1209773  garage.
\par 
\par One wonders why after the lorry was seized and in the possession of the plaintiffs as mortgage}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13524500 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1209773 
s the defendant 2 was going backwards and forwards to the garage of the plaintiffs to inspect the repairs }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15301163 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12213904 
Was it because he was not aware that the lorry had been re-possessed? Defendant 2 was trying to gain time and postpone the payment of arrears of instalments which were mounting whilst the lorry was not earning money. I am satisfied on his evid
ence and on that of D.W.3 that he tried to effect some arrangement with the Credit Controller Ah Sen to defer the payment of instalments I think it is unlikely that the defendant 2 was aware at that stage that the truck had been re-possed. His conduct was
 not such as to display such an awareness. I accept his evidence that he did not know that the bailiff had seized it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1209773 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12213904 
\par From 3/10/75 the truck was in the possession of the plaintiffs. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13727149 
They had the right to sell it but before selling it they clearly owed a duty to the defendants to repair the lorry properly and to maintain it in that condition until sale. There is no evidence from the plaintiffs that they ever did this.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12213904 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13727149 
\par I think that what I am concerned with is what was the lorry}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10769939 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13727149 s probably value if the plaintiff}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15301163 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13727149 
 carried out proper repairs. The day before the accidents it was the subject of a sale agreement, defendant 2 had agreed to sell it to D.W.2 for $5,500. I accept their evidence in that respect. Following th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid680649 e accident I see no reason why it}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13727149  should not have been restored by the plain}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16452965 
tiffs to its pre-accident value;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13727149  their tender for repairs was apparently accepted. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13398124 
The defendants had paid the insurance premium and the plaintiffs were paid by the insurance company to bring the lorry up to its pre-accident value as nearly as could be done. If this was impossible to achieve then someone from the plaintiff}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10769939 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13398124 s garage should have been able to explain. Presumably they brought it up to a value 
of $4000-$4,500 by effecting about 70% of the necessary repairs according to D.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427163 W.2. Moreover, D.W.2 says, and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13765664 
I accept his evidence in the absence of anything to the contrary from the plaintiffs that he would have paid $5000 for it had the plaintiffs properly repaired it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13727149 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13765664 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427163\charrsid10296909 I am satisfied that the plaintiffs repossessed themselves of the defendants' truck on 3.10.75 whilst it was in a damaged condition; on }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10296909\charrsid10296909 being properly
 repaired it would have realised $5000. They failed to properly repair it and whilst it was in their possession its condition deteriorated to such an extent that it was sold for $1250.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427163\charrsid10296909 

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10296909\charrsid10296909 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13765664 I find that the depreciation in value of the lorry from $5000 to $1250 is an item which must be borne by the plaintiffs.
\par 
\par The plaintiffs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10769939 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13765664  amendment to the Statement of Claim filed on the hearing date is a summary of the defendant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10769939 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13765664 s account showing a fi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5588934 nal balance allegedly due to the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13765664  plaintiffs of $2373.57 based on a re-sale value of $1250. If one substitutes a re-sale of $5000 it credits the defendants with an ad
ditional $3750.00. That item alters the defendants debit balance of $2, 373.57 to a credit balance. This gives a figure of $(3,750-2373.57}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5588934 ) =}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15293784 
$1,476 due from the plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10769939 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15293784 s to the defendant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13765664 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15293784 
\par The plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10769939 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15293784 s claim is dismissed with costs.
\par 
\par On the counter-claim I give judgment for the defendants for $1, 476.43 with costs.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15293784 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15293784\charrsid15293784 (Sgd.) J.T. WILLIAMS
\par JUDGE.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11098361 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15293784 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3675528 LAUTOKA,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15293784 
\par 2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3675528 2nd }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15293784 October, 1979.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8145455\charrsid11098361 
\par }}