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{\*\generator Microsoft Word 10.0.4219;}{\info{\title IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{\author Emalus Campus}{\operator Emalus Campus}{\creatim\yr2003\mo5\dy23\hr15\min18}{\revtim\yr2003\mo5\dy23\hr15\min18}{\version2}{\edmins0}{\nofpages3}{\nofwords833}
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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3158406 \fs20\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\b\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3158406\charrsid11629859 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI
\par WESTERN DIVISION
\par AT LAUTOKA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3158406 {\b\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3158406\charrsid11629859 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3158406 {\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11629859 CIVIL }{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3158406\charrsid11629859 ACTION NO. 84 OF 1978
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3158406 {\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3158406\charrsid11629859 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3158406 {\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3158406\charrsid11629859 BET}{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11629859 W}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3158406\charrsid11629859 EEN:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3158406 {\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3158406\charrsid11629859 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3158406 {\b\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3158406\charrsid11629859 KANTIBHAI DHORIBHAI PATEL
\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3158406\charrsid11629859 s/o Dhoribhai Umedbhai Patel
\par Plaintiff
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3158406 {\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3158406\charrsid11629859 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3158406 {\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3158406\charrsid11629859 AND:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3158406 {\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3158406\charrsid11629859 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3158406 {\b\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3158406\charrsid11629859 BRIJLAL SINGH
\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3158406\charrsid11629859 s/o Ram Adhin
\par Defendant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3158406 {\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3158406\charrsid11629859 
\par Mr. B.C. Patel, Counsel for the Plaintiff
\par Mr. G.P. Shankar, Counsel for the Defendant
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3158406 {\b\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3158406\charrsid11629859 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3158406 {\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3158406\charrsid11629859 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx1872\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6038208 {\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4285369\charrsid11629859 This action is brought by a shop}{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038208\charrsid11629859 -}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4285369\charrsid11629859 keeper }{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3158406\charrsid11629859 against}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1647087\charrsid11629859  the }{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4285369\charrsid11629859 husband of}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038208\charrsid11629859  }{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11629859 a }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4285369\charrsid11629859 deceased customer.
\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1647087\charrsid11629859 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1647087 {\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4285369\charrsid11629859 The customer had allegedly signed }{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1647087\charrsid11629859 an agreement }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16397514 Ex. 2 }{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4285369\charrsid11629859 on 22nd May, 1971, undertaking}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1647087\charrsid11629859  to repay a debt of $1,513.87}{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4285369\charrsid11629859  with interest}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1647087\charrsid11629859  of 10%.}{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4285369\charrsid11629859  She died on }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw4\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4285369\charrsid11629859 22/6/72 }{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1647087\charrsid11629859 and letters of ad}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4285369\charrsid11629859 ministration were granted to the Public Trustee on 1}{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1647087\charrsid11629859 4}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid1647087\charrsid11629859 th}{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1647087\charrsid11629859  June}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw4\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4285369\charrsid11629859 , 1973. }{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4285369\charrsid11629859 The Publ}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1647087\charrsid11629859 ic Trustee }{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4285369\charrsid11629859 transferred to the defendant the remaining assets of the wife}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1647087\charrsid11629859 \rquote s }{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4285369\charrsid11629859 estate on 1}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1647087\charrsid11629859 3th}{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4285369\charrsid11629859  April, }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw4\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4285369\charrsid11629859 1975, }{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4285369\charrsid11629859 includin}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1647087\charrsid11629859 g a lease of native land.}{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4285369\charrsid11629859 
\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1647087\charrsid11629859 
\par In his Statement of Claim the plaintiff alleges that the lease is worth $2,600 but that is denied in the Statement of Defence.
\par 
\par It is accepted that the Public Trustee advertised in the Gazette and the Fiji Times prior to transferring the remainder of the deceased woman\rquote 
s estate to her husband. The plaintiff says that he did not notify the Public Trustee of his claim against the estate because he did not notice the advertisement in the Gazette. Now he seeks a declaration that the deceased\rquote 
s alleged undertaking to pay the $1,513.87 is valid and binding on the debtor named therein; and for an order under S.61 of the Trustee A. Cap. 224 that the defendant should pay the amount away under the agreement Ex.2 (supra) signed by the decease
d debtor.
\par 
\par The Statement of Claim states that the debt at the time of the issue of the writ amounted to $2,}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10379830\charrsid11629859 545 when interest at 10% is calculated, i.e. upto 21/3/}{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4394633 19}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10379830\charrsid11629859 78.}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1647087\charrsid11629859 

\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10379830\charrsid11629859 
\par I do not believe the defendant\rquote s evidence that his wife never dealt with the plaintiff.
\par 
\par I am satisfied on the plaintiff\rquote 
s evidence which I accept that the deceased woman was a customer who purchased from his shop from time to time and that she became indebted to him and signed pro-notes, and that these were consolidated into a total debt of
 $1,513.87 which she acknowledged under the document dated 22/5/71, Ex. 2. I am satisfied that it had not been repaid at the date of her death.
\par 
\par Although the creditor did not lodge his claim with the Public Trustee he still had the right to pursue any of the deceased\rquote 
s estate which is in the hands of the defendant as her sole beneficiary. However, I am of the view that he cannot claim more from the defendant that the latter actually received.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15539607 In cross-examination}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10379830\charrsid11629859  the defendant admitted that the house and furniture were worth $380.00.

\par 
\par The lease is about 2}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2255814\charrsid11629859  }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11677885 \'be }{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10379830\charrsid11629859 acres and it expired in June 1978. At the present time it is practically valueless unless and until a renewal is granted under the A.L}{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11677885 .}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10379830\charrsid11629859 T. ORD.
\par 
\par The plaintiff, in satisfaction of the debt, can only recover from the defendant}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2255814\charrsid11629859  such sum or its equivalent as he received from the Public Trustee.}{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10379830\charrsid11629859 
\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1647087\charrsid11629859 
\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2255814\charrsid11629859 How much was the lease worth in 1975 when the Public Trustee transferred it to the defendant? It is only 2 }{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4272153 \'be }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2255814\charrsid11629859 acres of which 1 \'bc acres can be cultivated. It is native l
easehold. On those facts it could not be worth much. A factor which reduces its value at the time it passed into the defendant\rquote s hands is that the lease only had 3 years to run.}{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1647087\charrsid11629859 
\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2255814\charrsid11629859 
\par One has to bear in mind that the defendant is not an administrator or trustee. If a trustee improves that which he holds on trust the increase in value ensures for the}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2820639\charrsid11629859 
 benefit of the estate until such time as he has completely administered it. A beneficiary is not a trustee for the estate or its creditors. He is only accountable fo
r the value of what he actually received and not for its enhanced value several years later. If that were not so a creditor for $5000 could wait for some years after a beneficiary has taken of an estate worth $1000 in rough undeveloped land until it is cl
eaned, cultivated and planted along with various improvements. Once the property\rquote s value was enhanced to over $5000 the }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4272153 creditor would be able to sue for and recover his }{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2820639\charrsid11629859 $5000 from the beneficiary. Such an interpretation of the law would be most unfair. The
 situation could be further aggravated if the debt, as in this case, carried interest at 10%. The beneficiary would be working to maintain the creditor\rquote s investment long after the debt had died.
\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3366262\charrsid11629859 
\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2820639\charrsid11629859 In the instant case the defendant received in 1975 a very sm
all holding with 3 years to run along with a rough house and some furniture. He cannot, in my view, be made to account for more than the value of that property in 1975 when he received it. I do not know how much this almost expired lease was worth in 1975
; there has been no evidence in that respect and it is not for me to guess its value as at the time the defendant received it. Had the plaintiff made inquiries of the Public}{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2114558\charrsid11629859  Trustee he would have had some idea of the valuation placed on the lease at the tim
e of the death and at the time it was conveyed to the defendant. The only evidence which appears as to the value of the estate is in the form of the defendant\rquote 
s own admissions, that is $380.00 for the house and the furniture. Even that figure may not be re
liable because the value of the house depends in some measure upon its having a reasonably permanent site. If it had to be pulled down soon after its sale it could be worth much less.}{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2255814\charrsid11629859 
\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2114558\charrsid11629859 
\par Accordingly I come to the conclusion that the defendant is liable to the plaintiff in the sum of $380.00 and I enter judgment for that amount in favour of the plaintiff.
\par 
\par The defendant will pay the costs which I fix at }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14365208 $}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2114558\charrsid11629859 60.00.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6038208 {\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4285369\charrsid11629859 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2114558 {\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2114558\charrsid11629859 LAUTOKA
\par 16}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid2114558\charrsid11629859 th}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14365208  January, 1979}{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2114558\charrsid11629859 
\par }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8003015\charrsid11629859 
\par }\pard \ql \li3600\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3600\itap0\pararsid8003015 {\b\fs24\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2114558\charrsid11629859 (J.T. WILLIAMS)
\par }\pard \ql \li4320\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4320\itap0\pararsid8003015 {\b\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2114558\charrsid12388390 JUDGE
\par }}