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{\nofcharsws7782}{\vern16393}{\*\password 00000000}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags}}\paperw11678\paperh16598\margl0\margr1959\margt0\margb259\gutter0 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\grfdocevents0\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace0\dgvspace0\dghorigin0\dgvorigin0\dghshow0\dgvshow0 \jexpand\viewkind4\viewscale150\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot10633987 \donotshowmarkup1\fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 013f}\sectd \linex0\headery360\footery360\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (} {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9 \pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9919979 \fs20\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16546803\charrsid9919979 IN }{\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9919979\charrsid9919979 THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804183 \par }{\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9919979\charrsid9919979 (WESTERN DIVISION)}{\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16546803\charrsid9919979 \par }{\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9919979\charrsid9919979 AT LAUTOKA}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9919979 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11421629 {\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11421629 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11421629 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9919979\charrsid11421629 Appellate Jurisdiction}{ \fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11421629\charrsid11421629 \par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9919979 Criminal Appeal No. 30 of 1979}{\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9919979\charrsid11421629 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9919979 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9919979 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9919979 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804183 BETWEEN}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9919979 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9919979 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9919979 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9919979 {\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9919979\charrsid9919979 MOSESE BIRAKI \par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7354974 (}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9919979 Appellant}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7354974 )}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9919979 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9919979 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9919979 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9919979 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9919979 AND \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9919979 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9919979 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9919979 {\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9919979\charrsid9919979 REGINAM \par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7354974 (}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9919979 Respondent}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7354974 )}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9919979 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10633987 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9919979 \par Mr. D. Williams, Counsel for the Respondent \par Appellant in Person. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9919979 {\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9919979\charrsid9919979 JUDGMENT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9919979 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16546803 \par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9919979 The appellant was convicted on his own plea of guilty for shop-breaking and larceny. \par \par The crime was committed on 27.3.79 and the property stolen was quite considerable including 2300 cigarettes, 2 cartons of corned beef, 1 carton}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid610103 of corned mutton, ghee and sugar, worth $673. It seems that the accused was arrested on 29.3.79 and appeared on court 30.3.79. In the two days between the theft and his arrest the accused had disposed of all the property except 490 cigarettes and carton of corned beef.}{ \fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9919979 \par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid610103 \par Ten previous convictions were admitted by the accused and the learned magistrate sentenced him to two years}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804183 '}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid610103 imprisonment. The accused has appealed against that sentence. His record commencing on 7.1.74 includes five convictions for larceny, shop-breaking and larceny and larceny from a dwelling house and two for assault occasioning actual bodily harm. \par \par In the circumstances I regarded the sentence imposed on the accused as being emphatically on the lenient side and I would have dismissed this appeal summarily were it not for the accused}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804183 '}{ \fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid610103 s last conviction. It was for assault occasioning actual bodily harm and it must have been a fairly serious assault}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13661663 because the accused was sentenced to 14 months imprisonment on 26.8.77. However, the sentence was suspended for 2 years. The magistrate who dealt with the instant case of shop-breaking did not activate the suspended sentence. Moreover, the magistrate who imposed the suspended sentence had done so regardless of the accused}{ \fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804183 '}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13661663 s previous convictions and terms of imprisonment.}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid610103 \par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9919979 \par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14565321 Th e Supreme Court has frequently stated that magistrate should not impose suspended sentence on persons who have already served terms of imprisonment. The purpose of a suspended sentence was indicated at the end of the judgment in Cr. App. 86/76, }{ \i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14565321\charrsid14565321 R}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14565321 v. }{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14565321\charrsid14565321 Katonaisa Tuivtua}{ \fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14565321 which dealt with a case in which an accused with a poor record was placed on probation for five offences of shop-breaking and house-breaking. During his period of probation he was convicted of robbery and was sentenced to 6 months imprisonment suspended for 2 years and the offences for which he had been put}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6975835 on probation were ignored. The Supreme Court judgment in that case points out that a suspended sentence is a mode frequently adopted for dealing with persons who are not suitable for probatio n but who merit a chance under the stricture of a known sentence if they fail to keep out of trouble. The suspended sentence of 6 months was varied to one of 9 months immediate imprisonment.}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9919979 \par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3944843 \par It has been said many times by the Fiji Supreme Court, following the practice established by the Court of Appeal in England, that an offender who has already served a prison}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11168187 term should not be }{ \fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3944843 the rec}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11168187 ipient of a suspended sentence is to avoid sending to a prison an offender who has not yet been to prison, although on t he face of it his crime merits imprisonment. For that reason the magistrate assesses the gravity of the offence, imposes the appropriate sentence and then considers whether or not it should be sentenced.}{ \fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3944843 \par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11168187 \par The {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname Street}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname Street}}Magisterial Court{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} which }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3809918 had }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11168187 erroneously imposed a suspended sentence on Katonaisa (supra) is the court which erroneously imposed a suspended sentence on the accused in the instant case. \par \par Turning now to the magistrate}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804183 '}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11168187 s decision not to activate the suspended sentence of 14 months which had been imposed on this appellant. The learned magistrate said that because the offence of assault occasioning bodily harm for which it was imposed happened a }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13712011 substantial}{ \fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11168187 period of time ago and because that offence was of a different kind from the present offence was of a different}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid732962 kind from the present offence of shop-breaking and stealing, he would not }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13712011 activate}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid732962 the suspended sentence. The suspended sentence was imposed on 26.8.77, the shop-breaking occurred on 27.3.79 i.e. 19 months later. The period of suspension was 24 months and I would say, with respect for the learned magistrate}{ \fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804183 '}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid732962 s views, that the breaking offence was committed well within the 24 month period of suspension. In my view when one speaks of a substantial lapse of time one must surely measure it against the period of suspension.}{ \fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8415030 In my view when one speaks of substantial lapse of time one must surely measure it against the period of suspension. }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11168187 \par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid732962 \par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid732962\charrsid8415030 S.28A P.C. enables a court to suspend sentence for 3 years and 3 months I would not be likely to regard that as a substantial lapse of time. On th}{ \fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13712011\charrsid8415030 e}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid732962\charrsid8415030 other hand if the period of suspension had been 20 months}{ \fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8415030 I would not be likely to regard that as a substantial lapse of time. On the other hand if the period of suspension has been 20 months. I may have been inclined to agree with the learned magistrate that the period was virtually expired. However, even if there were only a month to run, I would probably activate the sentence if it were one which had been erroneously imposed instead of an immediate term as in this case .}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid732962 \par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8415030 \par The magistrate}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804183 '}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8415030 s other reason, namely that it was an offence of a different kind is also erroneous. I would respectfully draw his attention to }{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8415030\charrsid3809918 R v. Vijay Singh & Raman}{ \fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8415030 s/o Sanyasi, Cr.App. 50/77 inn which the D.P.P. had appealed against the imposition of 18 months imprisonment suspended for 2 years as being manifestly lenient in the circumstances of that case. \par \par There can be little point in my reiterating all that was stated in that judgment. Suffice it to say that it is well established}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13909264 on the English aut horities that generally speaking a suspended sentence should be activated otherwise the public will come to regard them as of no more consequence than an unconditional discharge. The fact that the subsequent offence is of a completely different kind from the }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804183 "}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13909264 suspended offence}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804183 "}{ \fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13909264 is not a good reason for not activating the suspended sentence. In the numerous cases the English court of Appeal has stated that sentences should have been activated in spite of the different nature of the offences. However, if the subsequent offence is very trivial and quite different from the }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804183 "}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13909264 suspended offence}{ \fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804183 "}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13909264 a court will be justifies in not activating the suspended sentence.}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8415030 \par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13909264 \par I respectfully draw the learned magistrate}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804183 '}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13909264 s attention to }{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13909264\charrsid3809918 R v. Chet Ram}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13909264 , Cr. App. 100/77, (Vol.V.1977 cyclostyled reports at 2286), }{\i\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13909264\charrsid3809918 R v. Abdul Shorab, }{ \fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3809918\charrsid3809918 and Cr.Apps}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13909264\charrsid3809918 .}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13909264 115}{ \fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11347924 , 117, 118, 119 of 1977 (2536 same volume).}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13909264 \par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11347924 \par The accused agreed that he had been convicted for assault occasioning actual bodily harm and had received 14 months suspended. He stated that he co mmitted that offence when he had been drinking. The accused received notice whilst in prison that he would be required to show cause why the suspended sentence should not be activated. When called upon he asked for leniency. In my view he had received len iency at the time the sentence was suspended. \par \par The learned magistrate should have activated the sentence and I proposed to do so rather than shuttle the accused between Courts. \par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11485874 \par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11347924 The authorities I have quoted have pointed out that an activated sentence should usually be consecutives to any current sentence. \par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11485874 \par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11347924 The accused}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804183 '}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11347924 s appeal against }{ \fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6254443 sentence of 2 years for the shop}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3368548 -breaking is dismissed and the suspended sentence of 14 months imposed on 26.8.77 for assault accasioning actual bodily harm is fully activated and will be served consecutively to the aforesaid 2 years. The total will be 3 years and 2 months imprisonment. }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11347924 \par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3368548 \par It is pointed out that the learned magistrate should record in the file containing the record of the assault charge that the sentence has been activated so as to avoid the possibility of any errors arising. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3368548 {\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3368548\charrsid3368548 (Sgd.) J.T. Williams \par JUDGE \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3368548 {\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3368548\charrsid3368548 \par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3368548 LAUTOKA, \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9919979 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3300782 8th}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3368548 June, 1979.}{ \fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11168187\charrsid10633987 \par }}