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\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5120548 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4526114 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548\charrsid5120548 (WESTERN DIVISION)}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid5120548 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548\charrsid5120548 AT LAUTOKA
\par APPELLATE JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5120548 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5120548 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 Civil Appeal No. 16 of 1978
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5120548 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5120548 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 BETWEEN:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5120548 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5120548 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548\charrsid5120548 MAGANLAL BHINDI & DHIRAJ LAL BHINDI}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid81638 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 both sons of Madhavji
\par Appellants
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5120548 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5120548 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 AND:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5120548 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5120548 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548\charrsid5120548 FREDERICK WELBY KORWA
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 Respondent
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9001018 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9001018 
\par Mr. B.C. Patel & Mr. Kalyan, Counsel for the Appellants
\par Mr. A.N. Patel}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid81638 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9001018  Counsel for the Respondent.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1726373 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548\charrsid1726373 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5120548 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9001018\charrsid9001018 JUDGMENT}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid9001018 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5120548 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548\charrsid1726373 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1726373 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 The appellant/plaintiff sued in the m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 gistrat}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709188 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 s court for }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 damage caused to his car by the negligent driving o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8721016 f the defendant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 .
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 The learned magistrate decided in the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548  appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709188 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 s favour on the negligence issue and aw}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 arded damages for the cost }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 of }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 repairs to his car.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548\charrsid1726373 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 $719.44 was claimed for the repairs of which }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 $300.00 was for }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 
labour and material including paint. The repairs }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 were carried out by Niran}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8721016 jan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709188 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 s A}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 utoport, Lautoka, who had given }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 
an estimate of $719.44 for the repairs.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548\charrsid1726373 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 Another estimate had been received from }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 Mudaliar}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709188 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 s Service }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 Station for $1,066.94.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 
\par Each estimate mentioned 14 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 items which needed re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 pairing such as a boot lid, bumper bars, mud-flap and }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 so forth }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 and quoted the same }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid81638 prices }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 exclusive of the cost of fitting them.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 
\par Niranjan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709188 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 s Autoport estimated $}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 300 for labour}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548  charges}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8721016  and paint whereas Mudaliar estimated $680.00.
\par 
\par Niranjan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709188 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8721016 s employee said that the labour charges}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 
 included paint, thinners etc. worth about $100.00 and although his quotation had been on a basis of 120 hours work, only about 70 hours had been spent on the vehicle. In cross-examination he 
said that labour charges were $1.10 an hour maximum. Thus he had perhaps over-estimated the labo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid81638 u}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 r charges by about $50.00.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548\charrsid1726373 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 In his judgment the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 learned magistrate dis-allow}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 ed}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548  $100.00 of the labour charges in plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709188 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120548 s }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 claim on the basis }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 that the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 working 
hours actually spent on repairs were }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 considerably less than in the estimate.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 The plaintiff/appellant appeals a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 gainst that re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 du}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 cti}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 on }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 on }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 
the ground that the prices paid for repairs was to the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 garage which had quoted the lower figure and on the ground that the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340  evidence as to details in the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 charges was irrelev}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 ant. 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 At the hearing of the appeal the plainti}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 ff contended that he did not have}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373  to prove that every }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 item in the bill of rep}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 
airs was the best price obtainable but rather t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 hat}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373  the bill which he paid was for }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8721016\charrsid1726373 reasonable}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8721016  sum}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340\charrsid1726373 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid7147340 Moore v. DER Ltd.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373  1971, 3}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340  AER}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 , 517, it was held that although a plaintiff in such }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340\charrsid1726373 circum
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 stances had to h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 av}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373  the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709188 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 s interests in mind apart from}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373  his own it w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 as sufficient if he }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 acted reason}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 ably. Davies L.J. at }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 p.520 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 pointed }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 ou}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 t that provided the plaintiff ac}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 ted in a business-like}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 way he was entitled to recover his costs.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340\charrsid1726373 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 In the instant case what was the plaintiff to do}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340  when }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 
his car was repaired and he was charged the quoted price? If he contested the bill on the basis that he had been overcharged h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid989405 e would have to face a defence }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 had accepted the quotation. On the receipt }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 of an expert}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709188 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 s }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 quotation for the cost of repairs h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 ow can }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 layman argue against it? He}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6562038  can only che}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 ck the cost of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 
parts which may need replacing. As to the quantity of paint required and the hours of skilled labour required the layman is in no position to argue with the expert. For that reason a business-like man will obtain more than one estimate and will select tha
t which appears to be the most satisfactory. In my view the plaintiff was reasonable in obtaining two estimates and reasonable in selecting the lower price. Such a choice is not bound to be limited to the lowest price in order to be reasonable.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 Although the estimate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340  was about $50.00 more than the actual cost this was not due to any unreasonable behaviour on the plaintiff}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709188 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 s part. On the face of it Niranjan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709188 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 
s Autoport finished up making $50.00 or so more profit than they had estimated for. However, the job could have run into time }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11028813 consuming}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7147340 
 snags and the garage may have spent }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8721016 
50 hours more on the job instead of 50 hours less. In that case the plaintiff would have been fortunate in accepting the estimate and the defendant would have benefited from his }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6562038 good }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8721016 fortune.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 
\par With respect to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8721016  the learned magistrate it appear}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 s that he }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6562038 erro}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8721016 ne}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 ously a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8721016 pproached the issue of quantum a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 s if it were agai}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8721016 nst a customer who not having re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 c}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8721016 eived an estimate }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 was dis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8721016 puting the reasonableness of the charg}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 es. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8721016 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 The appeal is allowed and the defendant will }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8721016 pay the full amount of $719.44}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373  and the costs of this appeal which I fix at }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8721016 $}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373\charrsid1726373 65.00.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726373 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8721016 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid81638 (sgd) }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8721016 J.T.}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8534980  WILLIAMS}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8721016 
\par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8721016 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8721016 {\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8721016 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4526114 LAUTOKA,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8721016 
\par 23}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid8721016\charrsid8721016 rd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8721016  January, 1979.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8721016\charrsid8721016 
\par }}