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Koya, Counsel f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 or the Appellant \par Mr. M. Jennings, Counsel for the Respondent. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5051332 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5051332 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid11489029 JUDGME}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5051332\charrsid11489029 NT}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid11489029 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1393205 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5051332 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 The appellant was convicted on one of the two counts of obtaining }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16061048 yaq}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16061048\charrsid1393205 ona}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 by falsely representing that a cheque for $3,493.60 was a good and valid order.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5051332\charrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 The second charg}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5051332 e on which the learned magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 returned no conviction was of o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5051332 btaining the same }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16061048 yaqona}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5051332 by rep}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11289494 resenting that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 a cheque for $100.00 w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5051332 a}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 s a good and valid order.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5051332 \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 Each count alleges the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 date of the offence as 3/9/75.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5051332 \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13774634\charrsid1393205 magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 found that the complainan t, JO}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13774634 N}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 E LUILUI, sold 3000 lbs. of ya}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13774634 q}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ona to the accused on 3.9.75 and received from him $300.00 cash, a che}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13774634 que for $3,893.60 and one for $}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 100.00. In this respect the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13774634\charrsid1393205 magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 made a slight mistake in stating that both ch}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11289494 eques were paid a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13774634 t the same tim}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 e, whereas the $100.00 cheque was paid on the following day. The reason for this being that the complainant miscalculated the price of his }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16061048\charrsid1393205 yaqona}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 by $100.00 and he told the appellant this and the latter handed him th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13774634 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 $100.00 cheque. Neve}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13774634 rthe}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11289494 less both cheques are dated 3.9.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13774634 75.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13774634\charrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 They }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13774634 are both drawn in favour of the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 complainant by the appellant on the A.N.Z. bank of Lautoka, and they show they wer}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13774634 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 paid into B.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13774634 N}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 .Z. on 3/9/75. They w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13774634 ere b}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 oth dishonoured }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13774634 when }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 presented on 4.9.75 and again on 13/10/75.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid730301\charrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 On 13/8/75 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid730301 the appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid730301 s firm had only $5}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 .37 in cr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid730301 ed}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 it, and up to 13.10.75 there were no funds in that bank account and the cheques are still dishonoured.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid730301\charrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 The complainant having accepted the cheques was told by the appellan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411825 t to present them }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 at the com}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411825 pla}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 inant}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 s Bank in Lautoka and that they would}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411825 be cashed in Labasa. At the sam}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 e time, as proof of his financial stability the appellant showed hi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411825 m}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 two cheques in the appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 s favour, one for $3,900.00 and one for a sum }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411825 the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 co}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411825 mplainant could not recol}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411825 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ct. The complainant said,}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411825 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11411825 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 The accused said that once he had }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411825\charrsid1393205 deposited}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 these}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11561043 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 2 cheques t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411825 hen my cheque, the one he had given m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 e would be honoured.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11489029 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411825\charrsid1393205 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1393205 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 He said the appellant reass}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10962449 ured him that he was going to de}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 posit his two cheques. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411825 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid926116 At the trial the defence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 contended that th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid926116 e }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 app}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid926116 ella}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 nt was s}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid926116 imply making a representation as to the future n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid926116 me}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ly that he would pay the two cheques in hi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid926116 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 favour into his account }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid926116 an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 d then the complainant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 s cheques would be }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid926116\charrsid1393205 honoured}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 in Labas}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid926116 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 . They argued that the appellan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid926116 t, in effect, was saying that he did}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 not have the present means to pay. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411825 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 The learned magistrate stated that the complainant had already received the two cheques from the appellant }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791004 before}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 latter showed the two cheques existing i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5928272 n his own favour. He concluded }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5928272\charrsid1393205 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5928272 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5928272\charrsid1393205 erefore}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 that they were not part of a future promise but }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5928272\charrsid1393205 something}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 calculate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5928272 d to dispel any reserv}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ations the complainant may have felt about the two cheques which the appellant had given him. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411825 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 Ground 1 of the appeal is that the preten}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4657055 ce}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4657055 alleged differed from tha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 t prov}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4657055 ed. }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 It alleges that although the magistrate found that the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4657055 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ain reason why the complainant accepted the appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 s cheques was the existence of two substantial cheques in the appellant}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 s fav}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4657055 our there wa}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4657055 no reference to this in the charge}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 . The evidence shows that two cheques did exist in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10962449 accused}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10962449\charrsid1393205 s}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 favour so that in itself was not a false representation. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411825 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 One has to decide what kind of representation is made when a cheque is drawn in favour of pa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11017055 ye}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 e and handed to hi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11017055 m.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 In }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11017055\charrsid10962449 Metropolitan P}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid10962449 olic}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11017055\charrsid10962449 e}{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid10962449 Commissioner v. Charles}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 1976. 3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11017055 A.E.R.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 .112 the House o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11017055 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 Lords stated at p. 116 f/h that the drawing of a cheque implies two statements about the present (1) that the drawer has an account with that bank (2) t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11017055 h}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 at the cheque is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11017055 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 valid order for the pa}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11017055 yment }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11017055 a}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 t amount (i.e. the pr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11017055 esent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 s}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11017055 ta}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 te of affairs is such that, in the ordinary course of events, the cheque wi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12597946 ll on its future presentment be}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 duly honoured.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12597946 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 They also }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11017055\charrsid1393205 approved}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 the following quotation from K}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11017055 enny}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11017055 s Outlines of Criminal Law}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12597946 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11017055 -}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411825 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11411825 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11017055 It m}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ay be well to p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11017055 oint out, howeve}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 r, that it}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411825 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 does not i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11017055 mply any representation that the}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 drawer now has money in th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11017055 e B}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ank to the amount draw}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11017055 n for, inasmuch as he may well h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ave authority to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411825 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 overdraw or may intend to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11017055 pa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11017055\charrsid1393205 y}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 in (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11017055\charrsid1393205 before}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714595 the cheque can be presented) }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 sufficient }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714595\charrsid1393205 money}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714595 to mee}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 t it."}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714595 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11489029 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714595 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6714595 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 Pe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10962449 rsons who are frequently buying}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9707753 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 selling have fluctuat}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10962449 ing}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3041138 current accounts the state}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 of }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9707753 w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10962449 hich}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9707753 at an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 y }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13063716 given time}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 depends on whether rec}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9707753 e}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 nt activities hav}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9707753 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3041138\charrsid1393205 required}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3041138 more}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3041138 w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ithdr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13063716 awals the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3041138 n deposits or vice versa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 . }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3041138 A}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 busin}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3041138 ess}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 draws }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3041138\charrsid1393205 cheques}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411825 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10962449 favour of C & }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 D}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3041138 : his credit may be low but he has in his des}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 k dr}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3041138 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3041138 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 r several }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3041138\charrsid1393205 cheques}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 in his favour }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3041138 which he will be }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3041138 aying into his bank. It would be}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 unusual for him to show th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3041138 em }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 to the payers}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411825 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 of the cheques he has drawn in order to prove t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3041138 hey w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ill }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3041138 be met}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 . His behavio}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3041138 ur in drawing the cheques implies that his credit is good for those}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 amou}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3041138 nts and in spite of the}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ebb and flow of his a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3041138 ccount they will be met when presented. At }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3041138 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ast that is his honest belief. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1393205 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411825 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 No doubt the complainant accepted the appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 s cheques because he reve}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3041138 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 led t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3041138 ha}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 t he held two large cheques, but this was doing no m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3041138 ore th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 an e} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3041138 mphasise the implication that the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 cheques were good}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3041138 a}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 nd valid orders and would }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13063716 be met}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 on present}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538668 ation }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 as pointed out in Charles}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 s case (supra}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538668 ). Although as Kenny said }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 (sup}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538668 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 a) the drawing of a cheque does not me}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538668 an tha}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 t there is necessarily mo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538668 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ey no}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538668 w in the account to me}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13063716 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538668 t it, but that the}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 money, in the ordinary course of af}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538668 fairs, will be there when}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 the cheque}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538668 is presented at the ba}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 nk on wh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538668 ich it is drawn. The cheque cannot} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 be presented by the payee t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538668 he}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 instant he received it. It has to be presented in the future, neve}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14419001 rtheless the law, as approved in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 Charles}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 s case (supra), does not regard the drawin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9008003 g of a cheq}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ue}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9008003 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 as bei}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9008003 ng a future representa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15624197 tion. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9008003 What the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 drawer is }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9008003 sa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 yin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9008003 g}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 This che}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9008003 que}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9008003 a good and vali}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 d order for the amount therein.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 If he is disposed, as the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9008003 appellant was, to tender evidence of available assets to mee}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 t th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9008003 em}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9840257 he }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 is simply }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9840257\charrsid1393205 confirming}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9840257 what the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 law imp}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9840257 lies, namely that the cheques we}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 re in fact good and valid }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9840257\charrsid1393205 ord}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9840257 ers}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9840257\charrsid1393205 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9840257\charrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 In my view that there w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1138882 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 s no n}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1138882 eed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 to ad}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1138882 d in the charge any statement of the appellant to the effect that he } {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14419001 falsely represented}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 that his credit was good.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16414802\charrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 Ground 1 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16414802 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 entions that the }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16061048\charrsid1393205 yaqona}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 was in th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16414802 e}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 appell}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16414802 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 nt}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 s shop }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16414802 befor}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 e the cheques were handed over. It }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16414802 ha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 d to }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15153344 be somewhere. The complainant a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 Fijian despatched it from Labasa. He r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16414802 ema}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16414802 ed a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 t th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16414802 e appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16414802 s c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15153344 afe}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16414802 with his yaq}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ona until he sold it to the appellant. \par \par It is argued th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid592253 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 t because the secon}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16414802 d}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 che}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16414802 que i.e. th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 e}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16414802 $100 cheque was handed over at a later state the magistrate erred in treating them as having been handed over on the same day. They both bear the same date 3/9/75 and were both presented on the same date i.e. 4/9/75. I see no merit in the argument that because the second cheque was handed over on 4/9/75 then the charge is somehow defective for alleging that it was handed over on 3/9/75. However, I will refer to the second count later.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16414802\charrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 Ground 1 fails.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16414802\charrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 Ground 2, as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid592253 M}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 r. }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid592253 Koya who drafted it ha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 s said,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid592253 me}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 rely repeats ground 1. But he did a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid592253 dd that the complainant said he trusted the app}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ellant }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid592253 be}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 cause he sai}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid592253 d he was a prea}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 cher. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid592253 Mr Koya}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 says th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid592253 at a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 false claim to being a pr}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid592253 eache}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 r sho}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14877817 uld}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid592253 be include}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 d in the charge. In mitigation the }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid592253 appellant said that he is a preacher}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14877817 . }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 It se}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid592253 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ms that even if this op}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid592253 erated on the complaina}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 nt}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 s }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid592253 m}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ind it }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid592253 was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 not a false pretence. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16414802 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid592253\charrsid1393205 Ground}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 2 fails. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16414802 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid592253 Ground 3 repeats the refe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid592253 e}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 nce to the d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid592253 ates of the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 chequ}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid592253 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 s and says that the magistrate erred in statin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid592253 g}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 that bot}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid592253 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 cheques were drawn and }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13265832 handed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 over on the sam}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13265832 e da}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 y. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13265832 Mr Koya}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 said}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13265832 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 hese were separate charges and should have been considere}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13265832 d separately and since both cheq}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 u}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13265832 es were considered together this was a materia}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 l irregularity. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16414802 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 As I hav}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16136160 e said both cheques bear the s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9902076 ame d}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9902076 ; }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9902076 e} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 y were paid}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9902076 in on the sam}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 e d}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9902076 ay;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9902076 ey were both dishonoured on the same two occasions. They were}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 part of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9902076 the same}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 tr}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9902076 ansa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ction viz}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9902076 .}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 payment for the same }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16061048\charrsid1393205 y}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16061048 aqona}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13263222 , to the same vendor and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16136160 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 m}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16136160 ade on the same}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 occasion (by }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16136160 which I do not mean at the sam}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1189111 e precise moment in time) i.e.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1189111 time to be paid in together as}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 soon as the complainant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 s bank was open i}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1189111 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 e. on}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1189111 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 4} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1189111 /9}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 /75 to enable }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1189111 him}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16329321 to do this. No evidence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 led in relat}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16329321 ion to Count II could have prejudiced any }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 issue in Court }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16329321 1 relating to the larger cheque. As I have said I}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 will refe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16329321 r to th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 is later. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16414802 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 Ground 3 fails.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11022347\charrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12606249 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 t is necessary to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11022347 make a pre}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 cis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11022347 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 of round IV which alleges that the accu}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11022347 sed made}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 it clear}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11022347 a}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 t th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11022347 e time}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11022347 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 t h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11022347 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 di}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11022347 d not have funds to mee}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 t th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11022347 e}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12606249 cheques on 3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 /9/75 but m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11022347 ad}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 e a pro}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11022347 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ise that when th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11022347 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13263222 cheques were}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 pr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11022347 e}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 sent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11022347 ed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 they would}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11022347 be honoured. Mr. Ko}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ya relied on a st}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15076400 ate}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15076400 ent in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15076400\charrsid13263222 R v. Dent}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15076400 , 1955 A}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 .E.R. 806 at }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15076400 t}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 he foot of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15076400 p.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 809.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15076400\charrsid1393205 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15076400 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 a }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15076400\charrsid1393205 promise}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 to do a t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15076400 h}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15076400 g}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 in future }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15076400 may involve a false}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 pretence th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15076400 at the promissor has the power to do that}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15076400 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ing.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15076400 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15076400\charrsid1393205 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1393205 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15076400 He argued that the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15076400 app}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ellant }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15076400 made it clear }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 that h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15076400 e had}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15757601 not}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15076400 the }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15076400 power}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15076400 to meet his cheques on 3rd September}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 when he }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15076400 made them }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 out. There is nothin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15076400 g }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 in the record which s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15076400 hows that}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15076400 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ccused actua}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15076400 lly made such a statement, but even i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15757601 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15076400 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 such}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6231788 a statement could be implied he was also confirming when he revealed the two large cheques which}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 pu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6231788 rportedly favoured him, that his credit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 at that time was }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6231788 g}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ood }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6231788 an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 d} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15757601 that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 in the ordinary course of business the appell}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6231788 a}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6231788 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6231788 s cheque would}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 be honoured. This is exactly }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6231788 what}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 the Hous}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6231788 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 of Lords said}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1658220 was implied in the hand}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6231788 ing over }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1658220 of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6231788 a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 cheque in Charles}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6231788 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6231788 c} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ase (supr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid466311 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ). In }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid466311 say}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid466311 g that the }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 cheques would be honour}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1658220 ed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid466311 in L}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 abas}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid466311 a the appe}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 llant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid466311 was saying the ver}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 y thing which is }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid466311 implied when a cheque is made out and handed over, as app}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 rov}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid466311 e}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 d }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid81865 at p.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1658220 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid81865 116 d/e of Cha}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 rles}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid81865 ase }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1658220 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 (supra).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid81865\charrsid1393205 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid81865 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 "\'85\'85.. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749716 it does not imply }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11560825 any representation that the drawer}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 no}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11560825 w}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11560825 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 s }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1658220 money in this bank\'85\'85\'85.in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11560825 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11560825 much as he m}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1658220 ay intend to pay in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 (befor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11560825 e}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 the ch}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11560825 eque can be presen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ted) suffici}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11560825 ent mone}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 y to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11560825 meet }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1393205 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11560825 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 Th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11560825 e accused}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11560825 s reference}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 s, in relation to t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11560825 he}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 cheques in his possession,} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11560825 were}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 repr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11560825 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1839084 sentations as t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 o t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11560825 he}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 present }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11560825 namely }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1658220 that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11560825 his credit was in fact good, not that he hoped it wou}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ld be good in the fut}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11560825 ure}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 . It is the}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11560825 same}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ki}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11560825 nd of representation which }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 is impli}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11560825 ed whe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 n }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11560825 one draws a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 cheque. It wa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11560825 s a representation that the first and largest cheque was a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 good}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11560825 and valid }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 order. When t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 he second cheque}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1839084 was}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 ha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 nd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 d over }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 the mere }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 handin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 g}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 of it to the complai}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ant conveyed t}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 he same representation as to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1658220 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 current state}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 aff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 airs namely of }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 good standing }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1658220 with}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 the bank and an ability to meet the cheque when presented in the ordinary course of business. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 It is also }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1839084\charrsid1393205 no}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1839084 teworthy}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 that there wa}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 s no post}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 -d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 atin}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 g of the cheques; the appellant dated them}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 for 3/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 9/75 the date}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 on }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 which the transa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ctio}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ntered into.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034\charrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 Any che}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 qu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 e}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 handed ov}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 er}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 duri}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 ng a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 tr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 ansaction }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 can seldo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 be inst}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 antly prese}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 nt}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 ed for payment. Very often it cann}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ot be paid int}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 o the payee}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 s a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ccount until }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 the following day or if a w}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 eek}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid539505 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007034 end }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 and bank holid}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5702910 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ys interv}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5702910 ene the delay may extent to four or five days. }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 This is well known to all p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5702910 ersons with bank accounts. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 If}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5702910 the appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid539505 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5702910 arguments were accepted it would mean that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 worthless cheques are not ev}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5702910 idence of false }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 pretences }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5702910 because a c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 heque only}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5702910 implies a hope that it will be met in the future. In fact it is a present statement that the cheque is good, that there is a current state of affairs in the drawer}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5702910 s business which }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 will }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5702910 ensure that like any other valid cheque it will be honoured.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 Th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5702910 e}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 drawer does not hope tha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5702910 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 it }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5702910 w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ill b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5702910 ecome a good and valid order at some future date but states that it}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8719733 now is a good and valid order.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5702910\charrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5702910 Ground 4 fai}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5702910 s}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5702910\charrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 Ground 5 all}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5702910 eges}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14946845 tha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid539505 t the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14946845 appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 had }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14946845 a belief that the }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 cheques would b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14946845 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14946845 met on prese}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 nt}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14946845 a}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ti}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14946845 on}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 . Th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14946845 e prosecution e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 videnc}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14946845 e points to the}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 fact that h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14946845 e had no such belief. P.W. 5 the accountant at the appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8719733 's}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14946845 bank shows that on 13/8/75 the appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8719733 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14946845 s account had only $5.37 to its }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 credit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid539505 and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14946845 this }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid539505 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8719733 still the extent of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14946845 appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14946845 s }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 credit on }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8719733 3.9.75 when he made out the cheques. When the cheques were represented on }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14946845 13.10.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 75}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14946845 nothing had been paid in. }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14946845 appellant was b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 ound }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14946845 to be aware of the state of his own account yet he had stated his present ability and intention to place his account in a state whereby it would meet the cheques in the ordinary way. }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1836606 This}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1776290 of course is}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1836606 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1776290 as I have said, the representation which is made when a cheque is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205\charrsid1393205 drawn. Th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1776290 e appellant}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1776290 s conduct was such that the magistrate was entit led to draw the conclusion that he never had any such belief and had no intention to meet the cheques. To date the cheques remain dishonoured. \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12987420 Ground 6, was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid539505 accidentally also numbered as ground 5. T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12987420 his is a }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid539505 rebellious}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12987420 kind of ground which suggest}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1836606 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12987420 that the appellant had no control over the drawers of the two cheques which he possessed and which }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11611628 would }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12987420 have supported his credit when paid in. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11674196 It implies that tho}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12987420 se cheques may have been dishonoured, }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11674196 w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12987420 hereby placing at naught the appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1836606 s good intentions.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1393205 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12987420 \par If this were the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11674196 c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12987420 ase, then P.W.5, the sub-accountant from the appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11489029 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12987420 s bank could have been asked in cross-examination if such cheques had been paid in by accuse}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1836606 d and subsequently dishonoured.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12987420 \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1836606 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12987420 There }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1836606 is no substance in this ground. \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12987420 With regard to the second count it is apparent that the complainant had parted with the goods on receiving the first cheque. Therefore the accused did not obtain the }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16061048 yaqona}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12987420 by pretending the second cheque was good and valid. He was merely purporting to pay the $100.00 balanc e of a debt which he had incurred by means of a worthless cheque. This of course does not constitute false pretences. The magis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11674196 trate should not have left the 2nd }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12987420 count on the file but should have found the appe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1836606 llant not guilty on that count.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12987420 \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12987420 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12987420 There is no p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11674196 o}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12987420 int in sending the appellant back to the magistrate. I accordingly find the appellant Not Guilty on count II and direct the magistrate to amend his own record to reveal that this court has taken that course. \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11674196 As far as C}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12987420 ount I is concerned the appeal is dismissed. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid935221 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16061048 (Sgd.) J.T. WILLIAMS}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12987420\charrsid935221 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16061048 JUDGE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7346441\charrsid935221 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16061048 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12987420\charrsid935221 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12987420 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12987420 LAUTOKA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16061048 ,}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12987420 \par 21}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16061048 st}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12987420 July, 1978. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7346441 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11415556 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8849552 Messrs Ko}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7346441 ya & Co., for the Appellant \par Director of Public Prosecution for the Respondent \par \par Date of Hearing: 5th July, 1978.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7346441\charrsid1393205 \par }}