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\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13521609\charrsid15800607 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI
\par (WESTERN DIVISION)
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13521609\charrsid15105273 AT LAUTOKA
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387722\charrsid15105273 APPELLATE JURISDICTION}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13521609\charrsid15105273 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15800607 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15800607\charrsid3548709 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15800607 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13521609 Criminal Appeal No. 83 of 1978
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15800607 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13521609 BETWEEN
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\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13521609 Appellant
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\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105273  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13521609\charrsid15105273 s/o Raja Ram
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13521609 Respondent
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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4087572 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13521609 Mr. M. Pillai, Counsel for the Respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15800607 
\par Mr. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387722 M}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15800607 . Jennings, Counsel for the Appellant
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15800607 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15800607\charrsid15800607 JUDGMENT}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15800607 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15800607\charrsid3548709 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4087572 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1272406 This is an appeal by}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3094756  the D.P.P against a magistrate}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1272406 s acquittal of a person charged with perjury contrary to section 109(1) of the Penal Code.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678 

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1272406 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5976908\charrsid6501006 The particulars of offence show that the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12652094\charrsid6501006 respondent, Munio}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709  }
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12652094\charrsid6501006 
Deo, was a prosecution witness in October 1976 where S.P. Sharma, was being tried for uttering a forged document contrary to section 379 of the Penal Code. The forged document was a teleg}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7884058\charrsid6501006 ram purporting to be signed by S}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12652094\charrsid6501006 enator V. Sharma}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7884058 
, purporting to contain his resignation from the Senate and was addressed to the Prime Minister. It was allegedly uttered to V.B. Singh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6501006 
, a Postal Clerk at Namaka Post Office and was transmitted as genuine.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1272406 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6501006 
\par Police investigation}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6501006  led them to the Farmer}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6501006 s club at Nadi where the respondent was employed as a barman. They were accompanied by the postal clerk, V.B.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6501006 Singh, who identified the respondent as the person who had handed the forged telegram to him. V.B. Singh }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482514 the postal }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3423900 clerk,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482514  had e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 ntert}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482514 ained}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572  doubts }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482514 about the authenticity of the te}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 legra}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482514 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482514\charrsid4087572  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482514 w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 
hen the respondent a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482514 l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482514 egedly hande}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 d it to him, b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482514 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 c}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482514 ause}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572  it was common knowledge that Senator Sharma had}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3423900  g}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 one to In}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482514 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 ia s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid482514 everal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572  days before the telegram.
\par 
\par T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14434011 he}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1245387  respondent made a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14434011  st}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 ate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14434011 ment}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572  to the police under caution in wh}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14434011 ich he admitted handing the tele}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 g}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 ram}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14434011  in at Nadi A}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 irport}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14434011  post off}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 ice, but alleged that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14434011 he had}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1245387  done}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572  so at}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4087572\charrsid4087572  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 the request of one S. P. Sharma, }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14434011 and that he did not know the contents. He claimed that S.P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4087572\charrsid4087572  }
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14434011 Sharma had told him to inform the post-off}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 ice clerk that he (the respondent) was a nephew of S}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14434011 enator Sharma}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5390804 , and he said that he in fact told }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5390804 at}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572  untruth to t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5390804 he post off}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 ic}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5390804 e clerk.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5390804\charrsid4087572 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5390804 R}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 elying upon the respondent as their}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5390804  principal witness and acting upon}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572  his alleged police statement }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4087572\charrsid4087572 the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5390804  police charged S.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 P.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4087572\charrsid4087572  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5390804 Sharma with uttering the f}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5390804 ged telegram}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103030 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5390804\charrsid4087572 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 At S.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11815345 P. Sharma}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11815345 
s trial the responde}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 nt completely denied going to the post }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11815345 office}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4087572\charrsid4087572  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11815345 handing in}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572  the telegram,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4087572\charrsid4087572  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 
denied ever seeing it, denied t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11815345 hat}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572  he }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11815345 h}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7999221 ad e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 ver been to the airport post office and denied that he had ever seen the pos}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7999221 tal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572  clerk, V.B. Singh. S. P.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4087572\charrsid4087572  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 Sharma was acquitted of the charge of uttering.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7999221\charrsid4087572 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5465260 Sub}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 se}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5465260 q}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 uently }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5465260 the respondent was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572  char}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5465260 ged with the offe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 nce of perjury now under consideration. T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5465260 he}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572  particulars of the char}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5465260 ge}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572  contain s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5465260 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 v}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5465260 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 
ral a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5465260 ss}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 ignations of perjury }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5465260 as indica}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5465260 ed above namely that he had never been to the airport, had never see}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 n the telegra}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5465260 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 , had neve}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5465260 r handed it in and had never seen the postal clerk, V.B. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 Singh.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5465260\charrsid4087572 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5465260 For some reason a certif}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 ied copy of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5465260 the record}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572  of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5465260  S.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 P.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4087572\charrsid4087572  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5465260 Sha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9463643 rma}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9463643 s trial for ut}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9463643 e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 rin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9463643 g }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 was put in as }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9463643 Ex. 1.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4087572\charrsid4087572  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9463643 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 
t was not used to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9463643 test}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572  the reliability or consistency of any witness}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 s testimony and its }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9463643 purpose is obscure.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2035752\charrsid4087572 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2035752 At h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 is own trial for }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2035752 per}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 jury the respondent gave }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2035752 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 vid}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2035752 ence similar to what he had given in S.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 P.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4087572\charrsid4087572  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 Sharma}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 s trial.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4087572\charrsid4087572  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 He denied}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2035752  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 all knowledge of the t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2035752 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 l}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2035752 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 gram.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4087572\charrsid4087572  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2035752 
In e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 vidence-i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2035752 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 -ch}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2623652 i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid2623652 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2035752\charrsid2623652 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2035752 
 the respon}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 dent said that his statement to the police, Ex.2, was untrue; that it was written out before-hand and handed to him to si}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2035752 gn; that he refused to sign it a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 nd the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2035752  police}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572  assaulted hi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2035752 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572  and forced him to sign it.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2035752\charrsid4087572 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 In his jud}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2035752 gment}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572  in the perjury trial the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2035752 learned magistrate }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323988 commented}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572  on the proceedings against}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323988  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 S.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323988 P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 
. Sharma for uttering the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323988  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 forged t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323988 elegram and observe}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 d that when the respondent denied all}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323988  knowle}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 dg}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323988 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572  of the t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323988 elegram he should have been treated }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1773684 as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323988 hostile. He made what I regard, with respect, as a most erroneous statement in his judgment (p.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103030  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323988 17 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 lines 5}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323988 
5-60 of the typed record.) It re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 ads }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8279548\charrsid4087572 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8279548 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8279548 Had the accused}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572  been declared hostile the admi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8279548 ss}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 ibility in evide}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8279548 nce of Ex. 2 (the police stateme}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 nt of the respondent) would have been decided and }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8279548 the allegat}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 ion of assault would have}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8279548  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 been }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12270217 tested}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4087572\charrsid4087572  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8279548 Unfortunately that was not done a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 nd it is still not r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid753277 esolved whe}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 ther the accused was assaulted or not at the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid753277 time when he is alle}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 g}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid753277 ed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572  to have signed}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid753277  Ex.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103030   }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid753277 2\'85\'85}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15734117 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4087572 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12270217 Surely it w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 as part of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4087572\charrsid4087572  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12270217 the duty of the instant magistr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 ate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12270217  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 to decide wh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12270217 ether or not the respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12270217 s statement to the police was true and the allegation of assault which would assist in determining what weight could be attached to it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7144460 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14160634 At p.18 of the record the learned magistrate said,
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14160634 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14160634 
In the case before me the prosecution are trying to show to the court that the accused has signed Ex.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103030  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14160634 
2 and has in the case told something completely different}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16278373  and therefore he has told lies on oath. The question now arises is the court satisfied that}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14972111  it was a voluntary statement an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16278373 d that no force or threat or assault took place in obtaining it. Having carefully examined the whole of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103030  the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16278373  evidence I am not satisfied on this aspect of the matter for I feel that it is still unresolved.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14160634 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14972111 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14972111 
\par The issue before the learned magistrate was whether or not the statement Ex.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103030  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14972111 2 was true.
 If it was true then the respondent committed perjury when he stated in S.P. Sharma}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14972111 
s trial that he knew nothing about the telegram. If the magistrate concluded that the respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14972111 
s statement to the police was untrue, or if he had any doubts about its truth then he would acquit the respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6646024 
. But the issue was one for him to resolve and when he says that it is not resolved he neglects his own obligation.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14972111 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6646024 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3809545 The learned magistrate also expressed doubts about the identification of the respondent by the postal clerk V.B. Singh. The reasons he gave for those doubts are not }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7894025 explicit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3809545 . He said that, V.B. Singh stated that Inspector Yakub called the respondent from the bar at the Farmer}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3809545 s Club and then V.B. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2623652 S}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3809545 
ingh recognised him. V.B. Singh did not say that in examination-in-chief; what he did say was,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6646024 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2623652 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2623652 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2623652 Remember 22.9.75. I was brought to Farmer}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16132960 s Club}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2623652 , Nadi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2493658  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2623652 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2493658  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2623652 came with Inspector Yakub}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2493658  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2623652 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2493658  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2623652 people were in the club}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2493658  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2623652 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2493658  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2623652 
five or six people. I saw the accused there and I recognised that he was the one who brought the telegram.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2623652 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16132960 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16132960 
\par In cross-examination V.B. Singh denied that Inspector Yakub pointed out the responde}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1993616 nt and he also stat}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16132960 
ed that after he had identified the respondent Inspector Yakub then called the respondent from the bar.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5639971 
\par The}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4546670 re were logical and cogent reaso}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5639971 ns as to why V.B. Singh might recollec}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4546670 
t the man who handed him the tel}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5639971 egram. Thus its contents containing the resignation}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4546670  of a senator were startling; the senat
or in question had left the country several days before the telegram was presented; the senator himself did not present it. These factors were sufficient to put an intelligent clerk upon inquiry and V.B. Singh said in evidence that he asked the respondent
 why it was being presented after the senator had departed and th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2375085 e respondent replied that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4546670 
 he had forgotten about it. He says he asked the respondent if he were related to the senator and the respondent replied that he was the senator}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4546670 
s nephew and the respondent gave his father}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4546670 s name as Dayanand Sharma brother of the senator}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2375085 .
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5639971 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11284461 
\par If such a conversation took place under such startling circumstances one may well expect the postal clerk, V.B. Singh, to take notice of the respondent in that period. This was not a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5530337 
fleeting glance in poor light, but close contact across a counter, face to face during the late morning; it was an encounter involving some interrogation which was then followed by an acceptance of and payment for the telegram. If V.B. Singh is truthful t
here is good reason why he should recollect the respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2375085 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4546670 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6895119 
\par I would have thought that the foregoing presented very good reasons why V.B. Singh was able to identify the respondent. But the learned magistrate }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7016138 said}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6895119  in his judgment, line 55, p.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2375085  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6895119 18,
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6895119 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6895119 The }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7016138 P.W.3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6895119  has not given any reason as to how he has been able to recognise the accused as the person who brought the telegram.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6895119 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6895119 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6895119 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10502506 The respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10502506 
s own statement to the police, Ex.2, gives a similar account of the conversation between the postal clerk, V.B. Singh and the respondent.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6895119 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10502506 
\par The learned magistrate acquitted the respondent on the perjury charge and it is not at all surprising that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2375085 the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10502506 D.P.P has appealed.
\par 
\par Grounds (b) to (g) amount to a complaint that the learned magistrate failed to make any determination on the issue whether the respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10502506 
s statement to the police was true. I find that those grounds are well made out in that the respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10502506 
s evidence in court had amounted to a declaration that the police statement was untrue.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6308141 Grounds (i) and (j) complain about the magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6308141 
s approach to the question of the postal clerk}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6308141 s, (V.B. Singh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3548709 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6308141 s) identification of the respondent and his rejection of that identification. Again I find that these grounds of appeal are well laid for the reasons I have given in my judgment.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10502506 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6308141 
\par The appeal is allowed and in the circumstance}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2375085 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6308141 
, there will be a re-trial before another magistrate. The fresh trial cannot of course be heard by the magistrate who conducted the trial against S.P. Sharma for uttering.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1925845 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1925845 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1925845\charrsid1925845 (Sgd.) J.T. Williams
\par JUDGE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1925845 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1925845 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1925845\charrsid1925845 LAUT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1925845 OKA,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1925845\charrsid1925845 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4087572 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1925845 6th October, 1978.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 
\par 
\par Director of Public Prosecutions for the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1925845 Appellant
\par Messrs. Pillai & Co., for the respondent.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16478659 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9126834 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 Date of Hearing:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4087572\charrsid4087572  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 22nd S}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1925845 eptember, 1978}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041678\charrsid4087572 .
\par }}