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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12456737 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383154 IN THE }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid12456737 SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12456737\charrsid12456737 
\par (WESTE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid12456737 RN DIVISION)
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12456737\charrsid12456737 AT LAUTOKA
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid725533 APPELLATE JURISDICTION}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12456737\charrsid12456737 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12456737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12456737 Criminal Appeal No. 77 of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 19}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12456737 78}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12456737 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12456737 BETWEEN
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12456737 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2637473 RAM SAMI }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12456737\charrsid12456737 PILLAY
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid9789408 s/o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12456737\charrsid9789408  Govind Pillay
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 Appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12456737 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid12456737 REGINA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12456737\charrsid12456737 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 Respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967 
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\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3498883 Mr. B.C. Patel & Mr. V. K}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 alyan, Counsel for the Appellant
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1065487 Mr. A.M. Rabo, Counsel for the R}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 espondent.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12456737\charrsid5003967 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3498883 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid3498883 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5003967 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3498883\charrsid5003967 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 This is an appeal against a magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid725533 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 
s order that compensation be paid to a complainant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3498883\charrsid5003967 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 The appellant, landlord, was found guilty of increasing the rent from $40.00 per month to $60.00 per month over a period of 11 months}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3498883  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 without notifying the P.I.B.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9188455\charrsid5003967 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 The magistrate ordered him to refund $220.00 to the tenant which was the total overcharge for the period.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3498883\charrsid5003967 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 It was made on the application of the prosecution who quoted S.159 C.P.C. (below).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3498883\charrsid5003967 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 One ground of appeal is that the o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3498883 rder should be set aside because}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967  the appellant was not given}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3498883  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 
a chance to argue the question of legality. I am not sure that I appreciate this ground because the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11487278  record shows that the landlord}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid725533 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 s advocate argued at some length that compensation should not be paid. There was nothing at all to prevent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3498883  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 him in that address from submitting that the magistrate had no statu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3498883 tory power to make}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967  such an order. This ground fails.
\par 
\par The other ground is that the ord}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9188455 er for compensation was illegal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13264701 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 Mr. B.C. Pate1 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2713818 or the appellant referred to S.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 159 C.P.C. a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11487278 s amended by S.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2713818 18 Ord. 13/69. S.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 159(1), as amended, reads,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13264701\charrsid5003967 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13530802 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid725533 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 
(1) Any court may, in its discretion, order the whole or any part of any fine imposed or money found on or in the possession of a convicted perso}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13530802 n to be applied in or towards -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5003967 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13530802\charrsid5003967 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13530802 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13264701 (a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13530802  \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967 
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\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13530802 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 
(b) the payment to any person of compensation for any loss or injury caused by the offence;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5003967 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13264701\charrsid5003967 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13530802 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13264701 (c)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13530802  \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid725533 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5003967 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13264701\charrsid5003967 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 It is clear from that section that where a fine is imposed }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13530802 the fine, if and when paid, may}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967  be utilised wholly or in part for the purpose}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13264701  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 of sati
sfying an order for compensation.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13264701\charrsid5003967 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 In the instant case the learned magistrate imposed no fine. He simply ordered payment of $15.00 as costs }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10576034 
and $220.00 as compensation to b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13530802  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 paid to the te}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13264701 nant. Thus there was no fund, i.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 e. no fine, out of which the compensation was to}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13264701  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 be paid. Clearly he was not ac}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10576034 ting under the provisions of S.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 159 although the complainant, had invite}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10576034 d this course and had quoted S.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 159 as the auth}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13264701 ority for ordering compensation.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13264701\charrsid5003967 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 The ground of appeal says that the magistrate acted illegally and this allegation appears to be based on a contention that the learned magistrate}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13530802  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 purported to act under}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312291  S.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 159 which gave him no authority to order compensation}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3939342 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 
 But I have always understood that an act is illegal if it is contrary to the stated law or if one does something which one is not lawfully empowered to do. In awarding compensation the magistrate was not breaki}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312291 ng the law. He had power under S}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 .158(2)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14028111  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 to order compensation. The subsection appears in Ord. 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12849042 6/73 s. 6 which amends the C.P.C}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 .
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13530802 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid725533 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 (2) }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14028111 Any}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 
 person who is convicted of an offence may be ordered to pay compensation to any person injured by or who suffers damage to his property or loss as a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14028111 result}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967  of such offence and such compensation may be either in addition to or in substitution for, any }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14028111 punishment or other sentence.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid725533 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5003967 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14028111\charrsid5003967 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 If the law allows th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14028111 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967  magistrate to order compensat}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14028111 ion I fail to see how he can be }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14028111 aid}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967  to be acting illegally in awarding it simply because he purports to act}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14028111  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 under the wrong section of the C.P.C. It is not illegal to refer to a wrong sect}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14028111 ion unless in so doing he assume}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 s a power he has not got.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14028111\charrsid5003967 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12544246\charrsid12544246 P.I.B. v. Ambika Prasad}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12544246 , Civil }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14028111 A}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 pp}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12544246 eal No. 17/77 the Fiji Court of Appeal}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967  considered a case in which rent had been increased as in this case}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14028111  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 and the magistrate had refused to make an order for compensation relating to the overpayment. The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12544246 Court of Appeal mentioned that th}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 e learned magistrate had not been asked to exercise his j}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1919317 urisdiction under S}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 .158 and said that he had no duty to consider that section unless specifically requested to do}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12544246  so. In the instant case the magi}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 strate was specifically requested to award compensation although his attention was directed towards the wrong section}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12544246  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 of the C.P.C. Nevertheless he was asked to make an order which the C.P.C. empowers him to make. He did just that.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12544246\charrsid5003967 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 The appeal is accordingly dismissed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12544246\charrsid5003967 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 What the learned magistrate has done is simply to award compe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12544246 nsation amounting to the total }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12544246 mount}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967  of rent overpaid. No fine was imposed. As it}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12544246  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 happens the appellant is dead and therefore it is not possible to call upon him to show cause}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12544246  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 why this court should not remedy the magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid725533 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 s omission to i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12544246 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 pose a fine.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12544246 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid136648 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid136648\charrsid136648 (Sgd.) (J.T. Williams)
\par JUDGE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid136648 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5003967 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid136648\charrsid5003967 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 LAUTOKA,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid136648 
\par 6th }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003967\charrsid5003967 October, 1978.
\par }}