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{\revtim\yr2009\mo1\dy29\hr15\min46}{\version30}{\edmins220}{\nofpages2}{\nofwords895}{\nofchars5102}{\*\company USP, Emalus Campus}{\nofcharsws5986}{\vern16393}{\*\password 00000000}}{\*\xmlnstbl } \paperw11678\paperh16598\margl19\margr581\margt144\margb45\gutter0 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\grfdocevents0\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\subfontbysize\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace120\dgvspace120\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984 \dghshow0\dgvshow3\jcompress\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot4402494 \fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 013f}\sectd \linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2 \pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb 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\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14681472\charrsid14681472 ION}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid14681472 )}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14681472\charrsid14681472 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13173200 AT LAUTOKA \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12852354\charrsid13173200 APPELLATE JURISDICTION}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14681472\charrsid13173200 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14681472 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14681472\charrsid13173200 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14681472 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 Criminal Appeal No. 81 of 1978}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14681472 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14681472\charrsid13794179 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14681472 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 BETWEEN}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14681472 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14681472 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14681472 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14681472 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14681472\charrsid14681472 REGIN}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid14681472 A \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14681472 A}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 ppellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14681472 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14681472\charrsid13794179 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14681472 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14681472 AND}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14681472 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14681472\charrsid13794179 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13834119 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13834119 GIDEON }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14681472\charrsid13834119 PERMAL}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173200 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13834119\charrsid13173200 s/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13173200 o }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13834119\charrsid13173200 P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13173200 ermal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13834119\charrsid13173200 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 Respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13834119 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13834119\charrsid13794179 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13794179 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13834119 Mr. M. Jennings, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 Counsel for t}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13834119 he Appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13834119\charrsid13794179 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13834119 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13834119\charrsid13834119 JU}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13834119 DG}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13834119\charrsid13834119 MENT}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13834119 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13794179 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13834119\charrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 The appellant pleaded guilty to four charges of perjury contrary to Section 109(1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15096183 )}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 of the Penal Code and was fined $20, $20, $35, and $20 on counts }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13834119 I}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 , }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13834119 II}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 , }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13834119 III}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 and I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13834119 V }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 respectively.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13834119\charrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 The facts are that he had received a notic e for double-parking his motor lorry. He did not appear in Court and was convicted. Later he appealed to set aside his conviction and falsely swore that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15096183\charrsid13794179 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13834119 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6319316 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid358263 (i) he was not the driver;}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15096183 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15096183\charrsid13794179 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13834119 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 (ii) that a p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13834119 olice officer did not book him; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15096183 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15096183 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13834119 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 (iii) that he rece}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13834119 ived no notice to attend court; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15096183 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15096183 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13834119 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 (i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid358263 v) that he did not double part.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6319316 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13834119 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13834119\charrsid13794179 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13794179 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 His conviction was set aside by the magistr}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7033504 ate }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 and a fresh hearing date fixed. The appellant again failed to attend and evidence given in his absence proved the offence and he was again convicted.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7033504\charrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 Following t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7033504 his he was charg}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 ed with four counts of perjury. Each one of the foregoing statements (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) was made the basis of a separate charge of perjury. The appellant only gave one }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7033504 account}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 on oath but it contained the above untrue statements. In my view, and Crown Counsel concurs, there should only have been one charge of perjury. The gist of the offence is taking an oath}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13712295 and then whilst on oath giving}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 evidence which is false. In letting four lies in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2777273 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 a single }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2777273 statement}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 to the same magistra}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2777273 te}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 about the same incident he did not commit perjury four times. He did not enter the witness box four times an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7406046 d take four separate oaths, and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 tell a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2777273 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 separate lie each time in a separate proceeding. \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2777273 I would agree the Section 109(1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 ) of the Penal Code is somewhat misleading when it describes perjury as making a statement which}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2777273 he knows to be false after bei}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2777273 g}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 sworn in judicial proce}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2777273 edings.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 One may think that e}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2777273 ach lie is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16208091 a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 separa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8521713 te statement but that is not}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8521713 the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 correct approach. If th e section said that a person who tells a lie commits perjury one could more readily accept that each lie would be the basis of a separate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7406046 charge. However, it refers to }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 a false statem}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8521713 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 nt and what the witness says in the witnes}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8521713 s box}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 is a statement of evidenc e; he does not make several statements of evidence; he only makes one statement of evidence but it may contain a number of untruths concerning different matters.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268402\charrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 The count should have been drafted to read somewhat as follows}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7406046\charrsid13794179 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13268402 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6319316 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268402 A. B \'85\'85\'85\'85..}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 in judicial }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268402 proceedings \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 knowingly falsely swore that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6319316 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 I was not the driver; that a police officer did not report m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268402 e; that I was not double parked;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6319316 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268402 etc}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 ..}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6319316 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13377129 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268402\charrsid13794179 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13794179 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 All t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16208091 he alleged untruths are set o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11369566 ut}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 in the one count.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13377129 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268402 At the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 trial it is sufficient to prove any one of the untruths}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268402 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 in order to justify a conviction.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268402\charrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 It is conci}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268402 sely set out in Russel}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12265207 l}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268402 on Crime}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 Vol. I,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16469719 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268402 12th Edn. p.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16208091 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13268402 302 as follows:-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16469719\charrsid13794179 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11369566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6319316 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 It}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16476938 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 should be noted that the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16476938 essence}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 of perjury is}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16476938 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 that the offender has proved false to the o }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16476938 ath which he has sworn rather than that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 he has m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16476938 ade}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 one or more false }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16476938 statements}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1646860 . Any false}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16476938 statement which h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 e has made constitutes the evidence upon which th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16476938 e}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 charge that he had betrayed his oath is based (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11369566 or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 'assigned'}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11369566 ) and it is termed on assigna}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 tion of perjury; how}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11369566 ever many assignments there ma}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 y be on one oath which}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11369566 has bee}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 n sworn there is only one perjury.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6319316 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11369566 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11369566\charrsid13794179 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13794179 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 In the exercise of my powers of revision I set aside the fo}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11369566 ur convictions for perjury and substitute therefore}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 one conviction for perjury which woul}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16208091 d contain the four }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11369566 above assignments of perjury. I drew t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 he appellant's attention to what I proposed doing. \par \par The total of the fine}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11369566 s imposed amount to $95.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 00 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11369566 and}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 the Crown contend the punishment is not appropriate to such a serious offence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11095320\charrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 Crown Counsel submitted that this was not a lie told under pressure but a pre-conceived intention to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11095320 mis-le}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12024870 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11095320 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 the magistrate.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9314826\charrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 Courts have consistently stated that perjury is the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9314826 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 kind of offence which de}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9314826 mands}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 a custodial sentence. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid2772971 In }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid10704726 R v. D}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2772971\charrsid10704726 avies}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10704726 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 1974, 59 Cr. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13712295 App.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10704726 Rep.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8925720 311}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 , the Court stated that it was prepared to uphold a sentence of imprisonment for perjury in judici}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10704726 al}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 proceedings in whatever capacity the witness appeared.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10704726\charrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid10704726 R. v. Dem}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10704726\charrsid10704726 aine}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 1971, Cr. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12024870 L. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 Rev. 110 the accused pleaded not guilty to driving whilst dis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12024870 qualified and c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 alled evidence to sh}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12024870 ow that he was not the driver. W}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 hen charged with perjury}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12024870 he a}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12024870 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1646860 itted the lies}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 . He received two years' imprisonment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12024870\charrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 Fal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287898 se evidence given to a court even by way of mitigation is seriously re}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 g}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid287898 arded}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604162 .}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 Thus in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid15604162 R v. Davies}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 1974, Cr. L. Rev. 613, the fathe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229773 r of two sons convicted in a M}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604162 agistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 's Court falsely said in mitigation that his}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604162 sons were in re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 gular employment. Although t}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604162 his was a last minute perjury i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 t was deliberate. The Court of App}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604162 ea}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13109771 l uphe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 ld a sentence of 12 months' imprisonment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604162\charrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid15604162 R v Lal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 1978 Cr. }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604162 L. Rev. 52 the a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229773 ccused had been sued in a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 County Court for the price of go}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604162 ods. He falsely said he had purchased some of them from }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 a supplier other than the plaintiff. The fact that the judge did not believe him and was not affected by the untruths was no mitigation. The Court of Appeal observed that perjury was a serious matter}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604162 and upheld a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 sentence of 9 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604162 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 onths.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604162\charrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604162 An accuse}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 d who }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604162 commits}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 perjury in his own defence is}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604162 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 not im}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604162 mune as revealed in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604162\charrsid15604162 R v}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid15604162 . Kayode}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604162 1978 Cr. L. Re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 v. 30}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604162 2}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14054618 . Kayode}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 charged for theft and f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14054618 alse}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 accounting explained a credit ent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2889254 ry in his bank account as being}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 the proceeds of the sale of his car and he produc}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14054618 ed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14054618 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 receipt to p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14054618 r}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 ove it calling }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14054618 E}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2889254 in support. Sentence}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 of 18 months was upheld.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14054618\charrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 In the instant case the accused has asked that his fin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2694081 e }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 be enhanced rather than replaced by }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2694081 im}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 prisonment. As the authorities indic}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2694081 ate the offence of perjury is ve}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 ry serious. The course}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2694081 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 of justice is frequently interfered with by witnesses who are untruthful. \par \par The sentences are s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2694081 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 t aside and a custodial sentence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2694081 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 of 9 months' imprisonment based on one conviction for perju}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2694081 ry is substituted therefore. The fines if paid shall be re}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 fund}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2694081 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 d.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14117411\charrsid13794179 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14117411 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid14117411 (Sgd.) J.T. WILLIAMS \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14117411\charrsid14117411 JUDGE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14117411 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14117411 \par LAUTOKA, \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13794179 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 September, 1978}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid14117411 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794179\charrsid13794179 \par }}