{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};} {\f179\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f180\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f182\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};} {\f183\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f184\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f185\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};} {\f186\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f187\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255; \red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0; \red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden Default Paragraph Font;}{\*\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\trcbpat1\trcfpat1\tblind0\tblindtype3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\langnp1024\langfenp1024 \snext11 \ssemihidden Normal Table;}{\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext15 Style 1;}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid94984\rsid345177\rsid615795\rsid679192\rsid936503\rsid1313437\rsid1342917\rsid1380010\rsid1533823\rsid2690330\rsid3154520\rsid3540196\rsid3804572 \rsid3815122\rsid4019178\rsid4149135\rsid4926730\rsid5390507\rsid5517629\rsid5842616\rsid6164488\rsid6244916\rsid6645151\rsid6822482\rsid6841226\rsid7161404\rsid7361779\rsid7494097\rsid9058037\rsid9442592\rsid10109185\rsid10179499\rsid10630956 \rsid10637953\rsid10698451\rsid11422435\rsid11470958\rsid11615547\rsid11936486\rsid11939384\rsid12208383\rsid12456243\rsid12654563\rsid13069811\rsid13697528\rsid13854360\rsid14839898\rsid16328631\rsid16456368}{\*\generator Microsoft Word 10.0.6846;}{\info {\author Teniau_d}{\operator maltungtung_l}{\creatim\yr2008\mo9\dy23\hr11\min44}{\revtim\yr2009\mo1\dy26\hr17\min11}{\version30}{\edmins490}{\nofpages3}{\nofwords1323}{\nofchars7542}{\*\company USP, Emalus Campus}{\nofcharsws8848} {\vern16393}{\*\password 00000000}}{\*\xmlnstbl }\paperw11678\paperh16598\margl274\margr685\margt0\margb148\gutter0 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\grfdocevents0\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\subfontbysize\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace120\dgvspace120\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow3 \jcompress\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot11939384 \fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 013f}\sectd \linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2 \pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4149135 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6164488\charrsid6164488 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11936486 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6164488\charrsid6164488 (WESTERN DIVISION)}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16456368\charrsid6164488 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10698451 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6164488\charrsid9442592 AT LAUTOKA \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6164488 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10698451\charrsid9442592 CIVIL JURISDICTION}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6164488\charrsid9442592 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10698451 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10698451 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6164488 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6164488 Action No. 24 of 1975 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6164488 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6164488 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6164488 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10698451 BETWEEN}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6164488 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6164488 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6164488\charrsid4149135 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6164488 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6164488\charrsid4149135 PUBLIC TRUSTEE OF FIJI \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6164488 (as Administrator of the Estate of }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6164488\charrsid10698451 MANORAMA }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6164488 d/o Deo Datt) \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4149135 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6164488 Plaintiff \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4149135 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4149135 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6164488 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4149135 AND}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6164488 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6164488 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6164488 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6164488 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6164488\charrsid3815122 SHITAL SINGH }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6164488\charrsid3815122 alias} {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6164488\charrsid3815122 SITAL SINGH \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6164488 s/o Jang Bahadur Singh \par (executor of the Estate of }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6164488\charrsid10698451 JANG BAHADUR SINGH}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5517629 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6164488 \par Defendant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6164488 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6164488 \par Mr. G.P. Shankar, Counsel for the Plaintiff \par Mr. C. Gordon, Counsel for the Defendant \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6164488 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6164488\charrsid3815122 JUDGMENT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16456368 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1533823 \par This is a claim in which the plaintiff sues as administration of the estate of a woman called Manorama who died on 24/2/62. She was the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10698451 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1533823 de facto} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10698451 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1533823 wife of one J.B. Singh who predeceased her. Her}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12654563 e}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1533823 state now sues J.B.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10698451 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1533823 Singh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10698451 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1533823 s estate for the sum of $4298.98 allegedly owing to her (Manorama}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10698451 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1533823 s) estate. \par \par There is no evidence as to how the debt came into existence but evidence of it was presented by the plaintiff through P.W.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10698451 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1533823 s 1 & 2. \par \par P.W.1, Mr. Holmes, head of the Estate Duties section in the Inland Revenue Department, produced Ex. 2 which is a statement of the assets and liabilities of Manorama}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10698451 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1533823 s estate at }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10698451 the time of her death in 1962. I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1533823 t is signed by one J.U. Singh who was applying for letters of administration to Manorama}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10698451 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1533823 s e state but he did not become administrator. However, Ex.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10698451 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1533823 2 contains the statutory declaration of R.A. Sharma, a qualified accountant,}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1313437 dated 20/1/66 showing the assets of Manorama}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10698451 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1313437 s estate as amounting to \'a3 2160.19s.9d. They are shown to be based entirely on a debt of \'a32160.19s.9d. owing to her by J.B. Singh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10698451 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1313437 s estate.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1533823 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1313437 \par P.W.2, R. A. Sharma, the accountant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12654563 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1313437 also referred to Ex.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10698451 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1313437 5 being J. B. Singh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10698451 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1313437 s }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10698451 account}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13854360 s which were and are still maintained by R.A. Sharma. They reveal at p.145-147 a debt due from J.B}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid345177 .}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13854360 Singh to Manorama of \'a32160.19s.9d. which was already in existence on 31/12/60 and which was carried forward from some other set of accounts.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3154520 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13854360 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13854360\charrsid3815122 In addition there is also the certificate of the Commissioner of Estate and Gift Duties which also reveals (inter alia) that according to particulars filed with him J.B. Singh}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10179499 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13854360\charrsid3815122 s estate owed Manorama \'a32, 500 on his death on 29/1/59}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3804572 .}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13854360 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3804572 \par The aforesaid evidence has not been challenged as to its reliability or accuracy and I accept at the time of his death, that is, on 29/1/59, J.B. Singh owned his de facto wife Manorama the sum of }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3804572\charrsid16456368 \'a3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3804572 2160.19s.9d. and that sum became a liability against his estate and was acknowledged as such by his executors or administrators. \par \par P.W.2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10179499 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3804572 s evidence revealed that the estate of J.B. Singh repaid }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3804572\charrsid16456368 \'a3}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3804572 11.10s.0d. to Manorama on 27/1/62 and on the 19/4/62 paid }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3804572\charrsid16456368 \'a3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6645151 35.15.0d, as funeral expenses, apparently on the occasion of her burial. She died on 24/2/62.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3804572 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6645151 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid94984 No one had obtained probate of Manorama}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10179499 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid94984 s estate and to enable this action to be brought the Public Trustee was made administrator of Manorama}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10179499 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid94984 s estate on 12/1/73 and the writ was filed on 19/2/75. There is nothing to show the date of service of the writ but the defendant entered an appearance on 20/3/75.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6645151 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid94984 \par The defence }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5390507 plead that the claim is barred by lapse of time under the Limitation Act 1971.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid94984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5390507 \par Mr. G.P. Shankar for the plaintiff submits that as from the date of Manorama}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10179499 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5390507 s death no one could have sued for the debt because letters of administration had not been taken out. He argued that death }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7361779 in itself, is a disability and claimed the benefit of S.11 of the Limitation Act, 1971, which extends the period of limitation in cases where the potential cla}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10179499 imant is under a disability. S.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7361779 11 reads:-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5390507 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7361779 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7361779 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10698451 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11615547 11(1}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7361779 ) If on the date when any right of action accrued for which a p eriod of limitation is prescribed by this Act, the person to whom such right accrued was under a disability, the action may be brought at any time before the expiration of six years from the date when the person ceased to be under a disability or died, wh ich event first occurred, notwit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6822482 hstanding that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10179499 the period of limitation had expired: \par Provided that -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10698451 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7361779 (see below ):- \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7361779 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7361779 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10637953 This is a claim}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13697528 for repayment of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244916 a deb}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13697528 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244916 and the right to sue on the deb}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13697528 t accures the moment the debt comes into existence unless there is an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6244916 y}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13697528 agreement to the contrary. The evidence shows that the money was due and owing to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6841226 Manorama prior to 29/1/59 and that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6841226\charrsid16456368 \'a3}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6841226 11.10s.0d. was paid off it on 27/1/62. Clearly the cause of action, i.e. the right to sue for the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2690330\charrsid16456368 \'a3}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2690330 2160.19s.9d. had accrued at least 3 years before her death and there is no evidence that she was under any disability which prevented her from suing at any time before her death and there is no evidence that she was under an y disability which prevented her from suing at any time before the date of her death. There is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11615547 no suggestion that those benefit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2690330 ing under her estate were subject to any disability which would have prevented them from suing. Even if they were under any disability the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3540196 proviso}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2690330 to S.11(1) would not allow them to take advantage of it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1380010 The proviso reads as follows.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7361779 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1380010 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11615547 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10698451 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1380010 Provided that \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4019178 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1380010 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11615547 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1380010 (a) this section shall not affect any case where the right of action first accrued to some pe rson (not under a disability) through whom the person under disability claims;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10698451 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1380010 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1380010 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1533823 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16456368 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1380010 It follows, in my opinion that the period of limitation began to run on 29/1/59 subject to any payments or ot}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11615547 her acknowledgements made by tho}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1380010 se administering the estate of J.B. Singh.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1533823 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1380010 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1380010\charrsid11470958 Mr. G.P. Shankar, then submits, that if the Court decides that the period of limitation had already commenced at the time of Manorama}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11615547 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1380010\charrsid11470958 s death it was arrested by the declaration }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12456243 of 1966. I am not sure to which declaration }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1380010\charrsid11470958 he refers.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11470958 There was one, in Ex.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11615547 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11470958 2, made by a person called J.U. Singh when he applied for letters of administration of Manorama}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11615547 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11470958 s estate but which apparently was not followed up. It contained an allegation that the estate of J.B. Singh owed }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11470958\charrsid16456368 \'a3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11470958 2149.9s.9d, as at 27/1/62, to Manorama}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11615547 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11470958 s estate. Included in J.U. Singh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11615547 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11470958 s application, R.A. Sharma, P.W.2, as I have already mentioned declared that on 1/1/62 J.B. Singh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11615547 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11470958 s estate owed }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11470958\charrsid16456368 \'a3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11470958 2160.19s.9d. to Manorama}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11615547 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11470958 s estate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11615547 . RA Sharma's declaration dated 20/1/66 appears }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11470958 in J.U. Singh}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11470958 s application Ex.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11470958 2 for letters to administer }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16328631 Manorama}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16328631 s estate and is in no way concerned with any application made in connection with J.B. Singh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16328631 s estate. There is nothing to suggest that R.A. Sharma was J.B. Singh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16328631 s agent to make any admissions on his behalf. He simply maintained J.B. Singh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16328631 s accounts; his evidence concerning J.B. Singh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16328631 s financial affairs is simply knowledge gleaned at first hand. His declaration refers to a short account, part of Ex.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16328631 2, terminating on }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5842616 4/10/64, showing a payment out by J.B. Singh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5842616 s estate of funeral expenses, death duty deposit on behalf of Manorama}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5842616 s estate and which with other incidentals amounted to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5842616\charrsid16456368 \'a3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5842616 186.16s.6d. and reducing J.B. Singh}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5842616 s indebtedness to Manorama}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5842616 s estate to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5842616\charrsid16456368 \'a3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5842616 1974.3s.3d.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1380010 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5842616 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7161404\charrsid14839898 P.W.2, R.A. Sharma}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7161404\charrsid14839898 s declaration of 20/1/66 is clearly an extract copied from page 146 of a large ledger, Ex.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7161404\charrsid14839898 5, showing the business accounts between J.B. Singh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7161404\charrsid14839898 s estate and numerous firms and individuals including Manorama}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7161404\charrsid14839898 s estate as at December 31st 1965. However, the accounts ledger Ex.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7161404\charrsid14839898 5 continued in use after Mr. R.A.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid679192\charrsid14839898 Sharma had made his declaration and it now contains further entries showing payments by J.B. Singh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid679192\charrsid14839898 s estate which have been debited against Manorama}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid679192\charrsid14839898 s estate. There are legal fees paid to Kermode & Co. in 1967, and 1968 and to payment of the balance of Death Duty in July 1969 amounting to $45.34. These payments out are set off against the sum standing to the credit of Manorama}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid679192\charrsid14839898 s estate. On 25/7/69 the balance still credited to Manorama}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid679192\charrsid14839898 s estate was shown to be $3793.32 and this is carried over to p.147 of Ex.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid679192\charrsid14839898 5 where this portion of the accounts ends.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5842616 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid679192 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9058037 The Ex.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9058037 5 was put in with the consent of the defendant who had produced it on request only in so far as it related to Manorama}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9058037 s account on page 145-147. Those }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10630956 are the accounts of the defendant estate and clearly acknowledge a debt due to Manorama}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10630956 s estate. Mr. G.P Shankar did not draw my attention to this aspect of Ex.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10630956 5 and his client may have suffered had I not observed it. Although Mr. R.A. Sharma is not the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10630956 s agent, the accounts Ex.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10630956 5 which he prepared are in the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10630956 s custody and were in the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10630956 s account}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12208383 book Ex.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12208383 5. In my view anything admitted in those accounts}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10630956 in favour of Manorama}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10630956 s estate serve to keep the Limitation Act at bay, so to speak. The last recorded acknowledgement is on 25/7/69 which is just under 6 years after he writ was filed and served.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid679192 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10630956 \par For }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid615795 the above reasons, which I am afraid have little to do with the plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid615795 s submissions I find that the claim is not barred by the Limitation Act. Ex.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid615795 5 reveals that the debt due to the plaintiff is $374}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 7.98 which is several hundred dolla}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid615795 rs less than the plaintiff claims.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10630956 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid615795 \par There will be judgment for the plaintiff for $3,747.98 and the defendant will pay the plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid615795 s costs. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13069811 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid615795\charrsid13069811 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13069811 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 (Sgd.) J.T. Williams}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid615795\charrsid13069811 \par JUDGE}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid615795 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16456368 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid615795 \par LAUTOKA, \par 7th July, 1978. \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13069811 Messrs. G.P. Shankar & Co. for the Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid615795 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839898 Messrs . Gordon & Co., for the Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13069811 \par \par Date of Hearing: 22nd of June, 1978.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1533823 \par }}