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{\*\generator Microsoft Word 10.0.6612;}{\info{\title IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{\author blake_r}{\operator blake_r}{\creatim\yr2005\mo2\dy15\hr11\min5}{\revtim\yr2005\mo2\dy15\hr11\min5}{\version2}{\edmins3}{\nofpages3}{\nofwords1017}{\nofchars5797}
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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15093368 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629933\charrsid15093368 IN THE }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629933\charrsid15093368 SUPREME }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 COURT OF FIJI
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629933\charrsid15093368 Appellate Jurisdiction}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15093368 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15093368 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629933\charrsid15093368 CRIMINAL}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629933 APPEAL}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629933\charrsid15093368  NO. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264 35}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629933\charrsid15093368  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368 of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629933\charrsid15093368 1978}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629933 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15093368 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15093368 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629933\charrsid15093368 SUVA RURAL LOCAL AUTHORITY}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629933\charrsid15093368 Appellant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15093368 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15093368 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629933\charrsid15093368 v.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15093368 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15093368 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629933\charrsid15093368 LEYLANDS LIM}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 ITED
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629933\charrsid15093368 Respondent
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15093368 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15093368 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629933\charrsid15093368 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15093368 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629933\charrsid15093368 This is an appeal by the Director of Public Prosecutions against the acquittal of the respondent on the 17th February, 1978 by the Magistrates Court Suva of the offence of:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629933 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15093368 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629933\charrsid15093368 
"Makes default in complying with the requisition of the notice within the time specified by the Local Authority contrary to section 57, subsection 4(b) of the Public Health Ordinance, Cap. 91."}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629933 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15093368 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629933\charrsid15093368 The Statement of Office is far from clear and does not adequately specify the offence. In my view the essence of the offence is:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15093368 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629933\charrsid15093368 
"Making default in complying with the requisitions of a notice requiring abatement of a nuisance within the time specified therein contrary to section 57 subsection 4(b) of the Public Health Ordinance, Cap. 91."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15093368 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629933\charrsid15093368 The Particulars of the Offence should then have specified the nature of the default. In this instance the particulars were again inadequate. Th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629933\charrsid15093368  particulars in the charge are:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629933 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15093368 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629933\charrsid15093368 "Leylands Limited having its registered office at 67 Princess Street, Suva did o
n the 19th day of July, 1977 at Naboro Queens Road in the Central Division make default in complying with the notice namely 'Notice Requiring Abatement of Nuisance' within the time specified by the Suva Rural Local Authority."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15093368 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368 The only ground of appeal is:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15093368 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 "That }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 
the learned Magistrate wrongly held that the words in the Notice Requiring Abatement }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 
of Nuisance, namely, "from which water is drawn for Naboro Prison Farm for domestic purposes" constituted a material averment."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15093368 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 For wh
at is only a minor offence the trial was quite a lengthy one and resulted in a fairly lengthy judgment. The prosecution took the view that it was necessary to establish the existence and nature of the nuisance.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264\charrsid15093368 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 In my view all the prosecution had to establish was the issue by the Local Authority of the Notice requiring abatement of the nuisance described in the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10490928  Notice, service of the Notice o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 n the defendant and the default}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 by the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264  in complying with any of the re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 
quisitions stated in the Notice.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264\charrsid15093368 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 It may have been open to the defendant to challenge the validity of the Notice by establishing that in fact no nuisance existed, a point I do n}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10490928 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 t have to decide as the learned trial Magistrate found as a fact}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 that untreated waste and excreta fro}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368  3,000 pigs 
discharged into a creek was offensive to the public - in other words a nuisance. It was certainly open }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264 to the defendant, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 
under the first proviso to section 56 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264 of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368  the Public Health Ordinance to prove that }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 the best possible means were taken by it to prevent injury to public health and that no serious danger to serious health existed.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 The Court must assume, until the contrary is established, that the Local }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10490928 A}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 uthority in issuing a Notice to abate a nuisance is satisfied the nuisance exists.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 What is in issue after the Notice is issued and served}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 
is whether the person on whom it is served has m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10490928 ad}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 
e default in complying with any of the requisitions of the Notice within the time specified therein.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264\charrsid15093368 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 Little attention appears to have been paid to the terms of the Notice Requi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264 ring abatement of Nuisance non-}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 compliance with the requisitions thereof being the essence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 
of the offence with which the respondent was charged.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264\charrsid15093368 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 The main purpose of this Notice was to bring about the abatement of the nuisance specified therein.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5719542 To that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 end the Notice specified the works to be carried out which}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 by the Notice had to be executed within 14 days after service of the Notice.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 This }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 
an unreasonably short period of time within which to carry out the works specified and in my view completion of the works was virtually impossible of performance within the time specified. Notwithstanding this virtual impossibility the respondent}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 was required by the Notice within the same period of 14}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 days to submit proper plans and specifications for the 
construction of the specified oxidation ditch for the approval of the Authority. The period of 14 days for these plans alone was in my view an unreasonably short time to instruct an engineer, to have
 the plans prepared and submitted and obtain the Authority's approval.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264\charrsid15093368 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264 It is the last sentence of the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368  Notice however which is of importance. This states:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264\charrsid15093368 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid204264 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 "No work shall commence without approval being obtained from the Authority."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15093368 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 The particulars of charge do not specify the nature of the defendant's default, as it s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264 h}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 ould have, but it is clear from the record that the default alleged was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 failure to ab}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5719542 ate the nuisance within the time}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 
 specified which by the express terms of the Notice the defendant was precluded from abating by carrying out the works specified until the Authority issuing the Notice first approved the plans. While the respondent did submit plan}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5719542 s to the Authority, they were no}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 t submitted within 14 days of service of the Notice and that default}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264  in my view wa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 the only default by the respondent of any of the requisitions}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 in the Notice. The respondent was not specifically charged with this default}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 nor was it the default on which the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 
prosecution based its case.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264\charrsid15093368 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 So far as the appellant's ground of appeal is concerned, I would agree that the incorrect statement in the Notice to the effect that "water is drawn fro}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368  Wainaboro Creek for Naboro Prison Farm for domestic purposes" is not material.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 The nuisance in the instant case was the flow of pigs' excreta and waste water from the piggery into the Wainaboro Creek, and was held by the trial Magistrate}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 to be offensive to the public. This was a nuisance as defined in section 56(j) of the Public Health Ordinance. The inc
orrect statement in the Notice I have referred to is surplusage and should have been ignored.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264\charrsid15093368 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 The learned trial Magistrate in a lengthy judgment held that the nuisance specified in the Notice was not established because he considered the incorrect statement}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 in the Notice to the effect that there was pollution of the creek serving the Prison Water Supply was not m}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629933 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 re surplusage.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264\charrsid15093368 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 There was evidence that the fl}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 
w into the creek was offensive to the public and the trial Magistrate found as a fact that that was so.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 In my view the trial Magistrate was correct in acqu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629933 itting the respondent but not f}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 or the reasons given by him.
\par 
\par The Local Authority, by the terms of its own Notice, prevented the respondent from carrying out the works necessary to abate the Notice within the 14 days specified. Since the prosecution based its case on f}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264 ailure to abate the nuisance i.e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 . by carrying out the works specified in the Notice, there was in fact no default by t
he respondent in complying with that requisition in view of the absolute prohibition in the notice of carrying out that work without prior approval of the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 Local Authority.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 The appeal is dismissed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264\charrsid15093368 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid15093368 Suva,
\par 23rd June, 1978.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid204264 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid204264 R.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204264\charrsid204264 G. Kermode
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15093368\charrsid204264 JUDGE
\par }}