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10.0.6612;}{\info{\title THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{\author blake_r}{\operator blake_r}{\creatim\yr2004\mo10\dy21\hr10\min42}{\revtim\yr2004\mo10\dy21\hr10\min42}{\version2}{\edmins2}{\nofpages2}{\nofwords615} {\nofchars3509}{\*\company USP}{\nofcharsws4116}{\vern16389}}\paperw11904\paperh16834\margl1440\margr1440 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\subfontbysize\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace120\dgvspace120 \dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow3\jcompress\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot6103352 \fet0\sectd \linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2 \pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6103352 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352\charrsid6103352 \par }{\b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352\charrsid6103352 Appellate Jurisdiction \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6103352 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352\charrsid6103352 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6103352 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352\charrsid6103352 CR}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 IMINAL APPEAL NO. 2 OF 1978 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6103352 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352\charrsid6103352 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6103352 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 HARI DALIP SINGH}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352\charrsid6103352 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 s/o Dalip Singh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352\charrsid6103352 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 Appellant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6103352 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352\charrsid6103352 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6103352 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352\charrsid6103352 v \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6103352 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352\charrsid6103352 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6103352 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 REGINAM}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352\charrsid6103352 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 Respondent \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6103352 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6103352 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 JUDGMENT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6103352 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 The appellant was on the 16th November, 1977 convicted by the Magistrates Court, Suva }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352 of}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 the offence of Being in Possession }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352 of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 Smuggled Goods contrary to section 206(d) of the Customs Ordinance and was fined $100.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 He appeals against conviction.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352\charrsid6103352 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 There are three grounds }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352 of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 appeal. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6103352 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8061649 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352 (a)\tab }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 That the learned trial Magistrate erred in law when admitting hearsay evidence of the origin of the manufacture of the alleged smuggled cigarettes.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6103352 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352\charrsid6103352 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6103352 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 (b)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352 \tab }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 That the learned trial Magistrate erred }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 law in putting the onus }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352 of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 proof and the standard of proof of the origin }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352 of} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 the cigarettes on the accused. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6103352 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6103352 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 (c)\tab That there was no evidence of the goods having been smuggled and the learned trial Magistrate erred in law in arriving at the conclusion that the goods }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 were imported unlawfully}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8061649 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 .}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8061649 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6103352 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352\charrsid6103352 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 Mr. Rasheed for the appellant dealt with all three grounds together. His main argument was that the learned trial Magistrate had admitted evidence }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352 of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 marking on the alleged packets of cigarettes and he quoted }{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 Myers v. The Director of Public Prosecutions}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 (1964) 2 All E.R. }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 881}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 and }{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2643239\charrsid2643239 P}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 a}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2643239 t}{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 e}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2643239 l}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 v. Comptroller o}{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352\charrsid6103352 f}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 Customs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 (1965) 3 WLR 1221.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8061649 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 Both these cases dealt}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352 ith }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 hearsay evidence the latter one being a Fiji Customs case which went to the Privy Council and, as in the instant case was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6103352 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682\charrsid6103352 concerned with markings on goods.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823374 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2823374 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823374\charrsid2188287 Both these cases ante date the Customs Ordinance wh ich came into operation on 2nd September 1968 and now have no application in any criminal proceedings relating to the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8061649 Cus}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823374\charrsid2188287 toms by virtue of section 184 of the Customs Ordinance which is as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2823374 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823374\charrsid2188287 "In any criminal proceedings relating to the Customs the provisions }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13123710 of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823374\charrsid2188287 section 4 of the Evidence Ordinance shall apply to markings contained on goods, bags, boxes or containers as though such marks were statements contained in documents and the goods, bags, boxes or containers were documents." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2823374 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823374\charrsid2188287 \par There was clear evidence accepted by the learned trial Magistrate that the Dunhill Cigarettes in question bore markings indicating the cigarettes were not manufactured in Fiji. There was also the evidence of Mr. R.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8061649 B}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823374\charrsid2188287 . Pitts, the Operations Manager of the Central Manufacturing Company, the only Fiji manufacturer of local Dunhill Cigarettes, which established that the cigarettes in question were not of local manufacture. The prosecution established a prima facie case that the cigarettes had been sold by Korean fishermen to a market vendor from whom the appellant purchased the cigarettes and that the cigarettes were not of local manufacture. \par \par Section 179(2) of the Customs Ordinance throws the burden of proof on an accused (inter alia) to establish that goods have been lawfully imported into Fiji. The appellant was unable to discharge this burden. \par \par Mr. Rasheed argued that there was no evidence that the Korean fishermen had not lawfully imported the cigarettes. Quite apart from section 179(2) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13123710 of}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823374\charrsid2188287 the Customs Ordinance the 108 cartons each containing 200 cigarettes were very consi derably in excess of the quantity which overseas seamen would be permitted to possess without payment of Customs duty. Regulation 104 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13123710 of}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823374\charrsid2188287 the Customs Regulations 1968 permits seamen for their own consumption on board a ship to have in their possession 25 grams of tobacco a day while in port. \par \par While the Customs officers in practice would not concern themselves with a packet }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13123710 of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823374\charrsid2188287 cigarettes brought ashore by a seaman for his own consumption although strictly not legally entitled to do so, they would be concerned about a carton of 200 cigarettes. \par \par The bringing ashore of 10}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8061649 8}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823374\charrsid2188287 cartons raises a very strong inference }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13123710 of}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823374\charrsid2188287 smuggling. \par \par I have considered Mr. Rasheed's arguments and the record. There was considerable evidence which the appellant did not rebut that the cigarettes were not of local origin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823374 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823374\charrsid2188287 and had been unlawfully imported into Fiji. The offence was established by the prosecution and the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477682 learned Magistrate }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823374\charrsid2188287 properly found the appellant guilty of the offence. \par \par The appeal is dismissed. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2823374 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823374\charrsid2188287 R.G. Kermode \par JUDGE \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2823374 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823374\charrsid2188287 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823374 Suva,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823374\charrsid2188287 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823374 14th April, 1978.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823374\charrsid2188287 \par }}