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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9004359 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2587013\charrsid2230147 
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1052941\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9004359\charrsid2230147 (WESTERN DIVISION)}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12857417\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9004359\charrsid13787909 AT LAUTOKA
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid13787909 APPELLATE JURISDICTION}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9004359\charrsid13787909 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9004359 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9004359\charrsid2230147 Criminal Appeal No. 111 of 1978
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9004359 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9004359\charrsid2230147 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9004359 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 BETWEEN}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9004359\charrsid2230147 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9004359 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9004359\charrsid2230147 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9004359 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9004359\charrsid2230147 CHRISTINA DOREEN SKIPPER
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9004359\charrsid2230147 Appellant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9004359 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9004359\charrsid2230147 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9004359 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 AND}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9004359\charrsid2230147 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9004359 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9004359\charrsid2230147 REGINA
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9004359\charrsid2230147 Respondent
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9004359 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9004359\charrsid2230147 
\par Dr. M.S. Sahu Khan, Counsel for the Appellant
\par Mr. A. Gates, Counsel for the Respondent
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9004359 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9004359\charrsid2230147 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13645699 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13645699\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2304674\charrsid2230147 The appellant, a female, was charged on six counts connected with possession and importation of heroin and Indian hemp. She was convic
ted on counts III & IV and no finding was returned on the others. The counts in question read as follows: -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13645699\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2304674\charrsid2230147 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2587013 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2304674\charrsid2230147 THIRD COUNT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2504108 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2504108 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2304674\charrsid2230147 STATEMENT OF }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14032427\charrsid2230147 
OFFENCE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2304674\charrsid2230147 
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Importing Indian Hemp contrary to Section 5 and Section 39(2) (as amended) of the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance Cap.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5136888\charrsid2230147  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 
95.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9004359\charrsid2230147 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9004359 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15211346\charrsid2230147 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2504108 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15211346\charrsid2230147 PARTICULARS OF OFFENCE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15211346\charrsid2230147 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2587013 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15211346\charrsid2230147 Christian Doreen Skipper, on the 2}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10627685\charrsid2230147 0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1713227\charrsid2230147 th d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15211346\charrsid2230147 
ay of July, 1978 at Nadi Airport in the Western Division}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10627685\charrsid2230147 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15211346\charrsid2230147  imported }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10627685\charrsid2230147 Indian Hemp.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15211346\charrsid2230147 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10627685\charrsid2230147 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2587013 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10627685\charrsid2230147 FOURTH COUNT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2504108 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2504108 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10627685\charrsid2230147 STATEMENT OF OFFENCE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10627685 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10627685\charrsid2230147 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2587013 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5136888\charrsid2230147 Importing Heroin, contrary to Section 14 and Section 39(2) (as amended
) of the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance Cap. 95}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4334573\charrsid2230147 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15211346\charrsid2230147 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5136888\charrsid2230147 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2504108 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5136888\charrsid2230147 PARTICULARS OF OFFENCE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5136888 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5136888\charrsid2230147 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2587013 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5136888\charrsid2230147 Chri}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13726759\charrsid2230147 
stian Doreen Skipper, on the 20}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5136888\charrsid2230147 th day of July, 1978 at Nadi Airport in the Western Division imported Heroin.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5136888\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15211346\charrsid2230147 The evidence indicated}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1713227\charrsid2230147 
 that appellant arrived at Nadi Airport on 20/7/78 about 5.45 p.m. She had 2 suitcases which she said contained clothing but she did not have the keys to them and explained that they were with her husband. Her behaviour and apparent anxiety in regard to t
he suitcases made the Customs Officer, P.W.1, suspicious and he decided to search the suitcases.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14817341\charrsid2230147 
\par 
\par The suitcases were detained in bond until the following day and the appellant was deprived of her passport. Next day about 10.30 a.m. she appeared at the Custo
ms shed where the bags were opened in her presence and found to contain the alleged dangerous drugs namely 4.4.lbs. heroin and 44 lbs. Indian hemp. The app}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10702720\charrsid2230147 ellant was arrested.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15211346\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14817341\charrsid2230147 
\par Certificates from the Government Analyst described the white powder contained i
n the suitcases as giving a positive reaction to heroin tests and that the other substance was leaves of Indian hemp. After being arrested and cautioned she stated that she wished to ring her auntie in New Zealand and gave}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2576800\charrsid2230147  the aunt}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2576800\charrsid2230147 s name as Mrs. Scally an
d telephone number 767179. Her attempt to get through to Mrs. Scally was unsuccessful.
\par 
\par At the trial, P.W.6, D. Sgt. Murray}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1774078\charrsid2230147 , from New Zealand stated that he knew the appellant as Susan Florence Rennie whereas she h}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10702720\charrsid2230147 ad described herself as Christi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1774078\charrsid2230147 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10702720\charrsid2230147 a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1774078\charrsid2230147  Doreen Skipper.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6431409\charrsid2230147  P.W.6 also knew a woman, other than the a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10702720\charrsid2230147 ppellant, who is called Christi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6431409\charrsid2230147 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10702720\charrsid2230147 a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6431409\charrsid2230147  Doreen Skipper of Auckland. He also stated}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4216881\charrsid2230147  that the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4216881\charrsid2230147 phone 
No. 767179 is a confidential listing belonging to Maria Scally who has one conviction for a dangerous drugs offence and is on bail pending the determination of a further similar charge.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14817341\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4216881\charrsid2230147 
\par Dr. Sahu Khan in the court below objected to the evidence concerning Mrs. Scally but the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10702720\charrsid2230147 learned }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4216881\charrsid2230147 
magistrate admitted it. The admission of this evidence forms the first ground of appeal. Dr. Sahu Khan took the line that it was evidence of bad character and that the appellant had not put her character in issue and so it was i
nadmissible and that in any event its prejudicial value outweighed its evidentiary value}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10057479\charrsid2230147 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4216881\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10057479\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2642712\charrsid2230147 In the course of the appeal, Crown Counsel submitted that the evidence of the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2642712\charrsid2230147 phone call to Mrs. Scally and of the latter}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2642712\charrsid2230147 
s background was analogous to the introduction of evidence of similar acts. Although it was not in my view evidence of similar acts falling along the lines set out in the speeches of the learned lords in }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2642712\charrsid2230147 R v. Board}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1001511\charrsid2230147 man}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11486241\charrsid2230147 
 1974, 3 W.L.R., 673, it could be regarded as part of the res gestae.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10057479\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11486241\charrsid2230147 
\par I think that one is entitled}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13269481\charrsid2230147 
 to look at the way in which reference to Mrs. Scally entered the picture. At the stage Mrs. Scally was mentioned in the trial there was evidence that the appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13568526\charrsid2230147 
 had been found in possession of large quantities of heroin and Indian hemp. What was the reaction of the appellant when the dangerous drugs were found in her possession? As re-iterated in }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13568526\charrsid2230147 R. v. Stor}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13062590\charrsid2230147 e}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13568526\charrsid2230147 y}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13568526\charrsid2230147 , 1968, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4662924\charrsid2230147 52. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13568526\charrsid2230147 
Cr. App. Re., 334 at 337, the reaction of an accused when first taxed with the offence is of vital importance. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13242522\charrsid2230147 What was the appell}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4662924\charrsid2230147 ant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13242522\charrsid2230147 
s reaction? She produced a telephone number of a woman in New Zealand and endeavoured to contact her by }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13242522\charrsid2230147 
phone, but was unsuccessful. The woman proved to be Mrs. Scally, who has one conviction for possessing dangerous drugs and who is again charged and on bail for a similar offence. The appellant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13242522\charrsid2230147 s reaction was not simply to ri}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8859993\charrsid2230147 
ng some person in New Zealand; i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13242522\charrsid2230147 t was to ring a person who has a history of association with dangerous drugs. Had the appellant endeavoured to ring a solicitor, a religious person}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1708850\charrsid2230147 , socia}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9509152\charrsid2230147 l worker, etc. the prosecution }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1708850\charrsid2230147 
may not have tendered evidence of it; it would on the face of it have been a perfectly innocuous }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1708850\charrsid2230147 
phone call which would in no way su}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8859993\charrsid2230147 pport or detract from the issue}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1708850\charrsid2230147  as to whether the accused knew}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5005439\charrsid2230147  there were dangerous drugs in those two suitcases.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11486241\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5005439\charrsid2230147 
\par It should be emphasized that the Customs Officials at Nadi could not have been aware of Mrs. Scally}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5005439\charrsid2230147 
s existence until the appellant refe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2230147\charrsid2230147 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5005439\charrsid2230147 red to her.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid17832\charrsid2230147  The prosecution, after the appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid17832\charrsid2230147 
s apprehension, were not sco}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2230147\charrsid2230147 u}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid17832\charrsid2230147 ring among the appellant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid17832\charrsid2230147 
s associates to prove she had friends or acquaintances connected with drug trafficking. Such evidence would clearly be irrelevant and pointing to bad character. Had they been aware of an association bet
ween the appellant and Mrs. Scally evidence of the association, would in the ordinary way, be inadmissible to support the contention that she had knowledge of the contents of the suitcases. However, one is entitled to ask what was }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7040215\charrsid2230147 the appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7040215\charrsid2230147 s reaction 
when she was actually caught in possession. Her reaction was to try and contact Mrs. Scally on a confidential }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7040215\charrsid2230147 
phone number which was known to the appellant. In the circumstances of this particular case evidence of that reaction and of Mrs. Scally}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7040215\charrsid2230147 s association with dangerous drugs was admissible to meet a defence of absolute innocence of any guilty knowledge or intention. Ground I fails.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5005439\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16540578\charrsid2230147 
\par On the second ground of appeal it is alleged that the learned magistrate wrongly commented adversely on the fact that the appellant was travel}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1793768 l}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16540578\charrsid2230147 ing under an assumed name. At the Nadi Airport}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15038477\charrsid2230147 
 Customs area the appellant gave her name as Christina Doreen Skipper with an address in Sydney and one in Auckland. Her Auckland address}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1793768  was given as 72, West Coast Roa}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15038477\charrsid2230147 d, Titirangi, Auckland.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16540578\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15038477\charrsid2230147 
\par Evidence led by the prosecution showed that a woman named Christina Doreen Skipper lived at 346, Afrana Ave., Glamas, Auckland and she was in Auckland when the appellant was being tried in Nadi Magistrate}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15038477\charrsid2230147 s Court. At her trial the appellant gave he
r name as Susan Florence Rennie but it was not until P.W.5, the New Zealand Detective Sergeant had given}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3936286\charrsid2230147 
 evidence that she revealed her true identity. The magistrate commented on this and in my view he was entitled to do so as being part of the res gestae. The appellant was trave}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1793768 l}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3936286\charrsid2230147 
ling under a new passport issued in New Zealand under a false name. She had stated that the 2 suitcases belonged to her husband. The name on the suitcases was B.F. Skipper, 1012, Ocean Road, Manly, Australia, which was given by the
 appellant as her Australian address.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15038477\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13190178\charrsid2230147 
\par The appellant did not, (to adopt the expression used by the Court of Appeal, New Zealand, in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13190178\charrsid2230147 Queen v. Hill}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13190178\charrsid2230147 
 1955 N.Z.L.R. 1040) give evidence but made an unsworn statement. In it she explained to the magistrate that sh
e had formed an association with a married man, a New Zealander called Skipper; at his suggestion she went to live with him in Sydney in 1977 and that he finally left her in May}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid853311\charrsid2230147 
 1978 but she rejoined him in New Zealand on 21.6.78. In that connection it is noteworthy that the appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid853311\charrsid2230147 
s passport was not issued until 1/6//78. One has to consider her }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2981100\charrsid2230147 explanation}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid853311\charrsid2230147 
 for the use of a false passport, namely that she was adopting her lover}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid853311\charrsid2230147 
s name, against the general background revealed by all the evidence adduced during the trial. She went to Singapore on 2.7.78, Bankok on 6.7.78, back to Singapore}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2981100\charrsid2230147  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid853311\charrsid2230147 on 16.7.78 in the company of her alleged de facto husband. Then she came to Fiji on 20.7.78 unaccompanied and says that her }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid853311\charrsid2230147 husband}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid853311\charrsid2230147  had to go to Auckland on urgent business but she brough}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2981100\charrsid2230147 t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid853311\charrsid2230147  his clothing in the 2 suitcases to which he retained the keys. It seems strange that he could not carry his own clothing; and that he should not trust her wit
h the keys. Her unsworn statement reveals that there were going to have a holiday }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12070959\charrsid2230147 in Fiji}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839222  and he would join}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4856268\charrsid2230147  her in Nadi in a few days. As against that she stated in her arrival card dated 20.7.78 that she was leaving Fiji on 24.7.78 which does not suggest 
that she was going to remain here for a holiday. In addition, P.W.1, Collector of Customs, says she told him her husband had gone from Singapore to Delhi and he re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839222 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4856268\charrsid2230147 iterated this in cross-examination which does not tie in with her unsworn statement that he had gone to New Zealand.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204677\charrsid2230147 

\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4856268\charrsid2230147 P.W.2 Customs Officer also stated that the appellant told him that her }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4856268\charrsid2230147 husband}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4856268\charrsid2230147 
 had gone to a seminar in Delhi. It would not be surprising if a person conveying large quantities of dangerous drugs assumed a false identity in order to avoid dete}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839222 c}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4856268\charrsid2230147 tion later on if the dangerous drugs had to be abandoned en route whilst he escaped. In any event the evidence of a false identity is woven in with other aspects; it is only a link}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11290270\charrsid2230147  in the chain of evidence which could point to guilty knowle
dge and is bound up with grounds 4 and 5 which are that the magistrate did not deal with the defence case and treated inconsistencies in the prosecution case too lightly. No particulars were given of either of these grounds of appeal which I now go on to 
consider.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13190178\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14036536\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839222 At page 16, line 45, the m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15860839\charrsid2230147 
agistrate said the appellant did not dissociate herself from the 2 suitcases until the morning after their detention when she said they were her husband}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15860839\charrsid2230147 s. Dr. Sahu Khan stated that she had said from the start that they were her husband}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15860839\charrsid2230147 s. With respect to Dr. Sahu Khan I do not find his comment suppo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5181793\charrsid2230147 rted by the evidence. When the Custom O}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15860839\charrsid2230147 fficers first expressed interest in the suitcase}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4074354\charrsid2230147 s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9853122\charrsid2230147  the appellant told them that her husband had the keys to the bags and that they contained used clothing which is not the same as saying that they were her husband}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9853122\charrsid2230147 s suitcase}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8066808\charrsid2230147 s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9853122\charrsid2230147  or that they contained his used clothing. Their evidence-in-chief does not indicate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid218712\charrsid2230147 
 that she at once told them that the cases or contents were her }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid218712\charrsid2230147 husband}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid218712\charrsid2230147 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid218712\charrsid2230147  and they maintained this in cross-examination. It was, as the magistrate says, not until the following day that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5141478\charrsid2230147 
 on returning to the customs she said the cases belonged to her }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5141478\charrsid2230147 husband}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5141478\charrsid2230147 . But this time it was obvious that the customs officers intended to open them.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14036536\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5141478\charrsid2230147 
\par The magistr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5782838\charrsid2230147 ate noted}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5141478\charrsid2230147  in his judgment that when the bags }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12719012\charrsid2230147 were unpacked the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5141478\charrsid2230147  appellant did not express horror, surprise or indignation at the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6306986  fact that they did not contain}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5141478\charrsid2230147  clothing.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14710297\charrsid2230147 
 Her reaction was one of fright and before she had been told that the contents were dangerous drugs she }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5915381\charrsid2230147 had hurried to the toilet. The mag}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14710297\charrsid2230147 istrate very properly}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15553017\charrsid2230147 
 took note of those very significant reactions which were immediately followed by the further noteworthy reaction of trying to ring }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6572227\charrsid2230147 Mrs.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642708\charrsid2230147  Scally a woman in New Zealand wh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15553017\charrsid2230147 o is known to have been associated with dangerous drugs.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5141478\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15553017\charrsid2230147 
\par In his judgment the magistrate did not ignore the appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15553017\charrsid2230147 
s unsworn statement. He noted her denials that she had any knowledge that this was Indian }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6572227\charrsid2230147 hemp}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15553017\charrsid2230147 
 and heroin. He no doubt gave such weight to that statement as he considered was justified in all the circumstances.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4930671\charrsid2230147 
\par Grounds 4 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10555555\charrsid2230147 and 5 fail and ground number 2.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4930671\charrsid2230147 Grounds 3 and 7 are virtually the same namely that there was not sufficient evidence to prove that the suitcase}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10555555\charrsid2230147 s c
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4930671\charrsid2230147 ontained a prohibited import namely Indian hemp and heroin.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7883827\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4930671\charrsid2388565 With regard to the Indian}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6572227\charrsid2388565  hemp charge Dr.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2388565  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6572227\charrsid2388565 Sahu Khan drew attention to Section 2 of the Dangerous Drugs Ac}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2388565 t which defines Indian hemp as -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6572227\charrsid2388565  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2388565 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6572227\charrsid2388565 
either of the plants cannabis sativa or cannabis indica or any portion thereof.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2388565 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4930671\charrsid2388565 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8406905\charrsid2388565 
\par He referred to the analyst}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2388565 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8406905\charrsid2388565 s certificate which simply describes the substan
ce in the suitcases as Indian hemp leaves, and submitted that this description was inadequate because one could not know from the certificate }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661252\charrsid2388565 
whether this was cannabis indica or cannabis sativa. However, in my view, whether it was cannabis indica or sativa it is still Indian hemp according to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2388565 the legal interpretat}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7883827\charrsid2388565 ion. The Sh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661252\charrsid2388565 orter Oxford English Dictionary describes }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2388565 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661252\charrsid2388565 cannabis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2388565 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661252\charrsid2388565  as meaning hemp or of the nature of hemp; and cannabis (indica) as Indian hemp; and the dried flowering tops of the female plants of 
cannabis sativa as Indian hemp. It also gives the meaning of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2388565 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661252\charrsid2388565 hemp}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2388565 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2388565  as cannabis. In}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661252\charrsid2388565 
 H.J. Wallas, Forensic Science, 2nd Edn. P. 126, it is observed that cannabis has many names in many language}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8331849\charrsid2388565 s; i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661252\charrsid2388565 
t has 251 synonyms of which the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2388565 most }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661252\charrsid2388565 familiar}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4543687\charrsid2388565  are Indian hem
p, pot}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13179303\charrsid2388565 , }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4543687\charrsid2388565 hashish, marijuana and bang. Galister}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2388565 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4543687\charrsid2388565 
s Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology, 10th Edn., p. 634, refers to cannabis indica and cannabis sativa as used for producing Indian hemp. It is clear that the expression }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2388565 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4543687\charrsid2388565 Indian hemp}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2388565 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4543687\charrsid2388565  is a common mode of desc
ribing either cannabis sativa or cannabis indica when used as a drug. Throughout the Dangerous Drug Ordinance}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1452285\charrsid2388565 
 the expression Indian hemp is used frequently and no reference is made anywhere in the Ordinance to cannabis except in the interpretation section, Section 2. In using the expression Indian hemp the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1452285\charrsid2230147  Government Analyst was using a term contained in the dictionary (supra) and in medical text books and which is used repeatedly in the Dangerous Drug}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1312587\charrsid2230147 s Ordinance. His certificate shows it w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16011623\charrsid2230147 as Indian hemp and the offence }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1312587\charrsid2230147 as expressed by the Ordinance is importing Indian hemp.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8406905\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8325920\charrsid2230147 
\par With regard to the heroin charge Dr. S}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16387025 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8325920\charrsid2230147 hu Khan submitted that some heroin preparations are not prohibited}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8394576\charrsid2230147  and that the analyst}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8394576\charrsid2230147 
s certificate which simply says }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8394576\charrsid2230147 tests for heroin positive}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8394576\charrsid2230147 
 dose not indicate whether the white powder fell outside the permitted heroin preparations. He referred to Section 13 Dangerous Drugs Ordinance, Cap. 95, which lists certain substances which are governed}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2643488\charrsid2230147  by Pa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8394576\charrsid2230147 rt IV of the Ordinance which comprises S}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78707 
ections 13 to 30. Section 13(1)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8394576\charrsid2230147 (c) lists morphine and diacetylmorphine (heroin) as being among the substances. Section 14 forbids importation of heroin exce}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12010175\charrsid2230147 pt in accordance with Sections 22}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8394576\charrsid2230147  to 30 of which Section 24-40 relate importation. The af
oresaid sections 24-30 require the importer to be in possession of an import certificate issued by the Director of Medical Services.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16404826\charrsid2230147  W}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78707 ith respect to Dr. Sahu Khan I h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16404826\charrsid2230147 ave found no provision which indicates that there are types of heroin the import of which is not}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78707  prohibited. In fact Section 30(2) forbids any person}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16404826\charrsid2230147 
 other than the Government Pharmacist to import the drugs shown in the second schedule to the Ordinance}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447680\charrsid2230147  and heroin is one of the schedule}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78707 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447680\charrsid2230147  drugs. Even the Government Pharmacist requires an import cert}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78707 
ificate from the Director of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447680\charrsid2230147  Medical Services. No one could possibly be in any doubt as to whether the appellant was the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7174668\charrsid2230147 Fiji }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447680\charrsid2230147 Government Pharmacist.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8325920\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447680\charrsid2230147 
\par Ground 3 and 7 fail.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5192971\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78707 Ground 6 complain}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447680\charrsid2230147 s that the charge}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601199\charrsid2230147 
s were defective by reason of material omissions from the particulars.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447680\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601199\charrsid2230147 
\par The particulars of Count III al}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5192971\charrsid2230147 lege the importation of Indian h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601199\charrsid2230147 
emp and make no reference to cannabis sativa or indica but in my view this is not essential. The section forbidding the importation of Indian hemp is Section 4 which uses the expression Indian hemp and makes no use of the word cannabis. The statement of }
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3963635\charrsid2230147 offence places the charge under}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601199\charrsid2230147  Section}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6835944\charrsid2230147  5}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548329\charrsid2230147 , but t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601199\charrsid2230147 he draftsman obviously made an error when he referred to }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5253865\charrsid2230147 S}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601199\charrsid2230147 ection 5 because that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5253865\charrsid2230147 s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601199\charrsid2230147 ection makes no reference to Indian hemp as such but makes it an offence to import the seed of Indian hemp. No attempt was ever made by the prosecution to prove}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2636917\charrsid2230147  that the substance in the suitcases was seed of Indian hemp and they were obviously not thinking in terms of Section 5. The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5706781 
substance was described as hemp}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2636917\charrsid2230147  sticks by P.W.1; P.W.2 said there were 18,450 leafy sticks of hemp; and the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5253865\charrsid2230147 A}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2636917\charrsid2230147 nalyst}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2636917\charrsid2230147 
s certificate described it as hemp leaves. At no time during the trial was any re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3963635\charrsid2230147 
ference made to Indian hemp seed. The appellant could not possibly have been misled into thinking that she was charged under Section 5 for importing Indian hemp seed. In the Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5253865\charrsid2230147 s }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3963635\charrsid2230147 Court}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3963635\charrsid2230147 s no point was taken by the defence complaining that the statement of offence referred to Section 5 and my attention was not directed to it during the appeal.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907090\charrsid2230147  Clearly the offence was brought under Section}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14434745\charrsid2230147  4}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907090\charrsid2230147 ; in fact the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907090\charrsid2230147 offence stated}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16020364\charrsid2230147  for Count III reads -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8601199\charrsid2230147 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5706781 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907090\charrsid2230147 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14434745 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907090\charrsid2230147 Import}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14434745\charrsid2230147 ing}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907090\charrsid2230147  Indian hemp.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907090\charrsid2230147  If it had been drafted under Section 5 the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907090\charrsid2230147 
offence stated}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907090\charrsid2230147  would have read }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907090\charrsid2230147 importing Indian hemp seed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907090\charrsid2230147 
 It was not necessary for the draftsman to make any mention in the particulars of offence to cannabis. Draftsmen are constantly exhorted to adhere to the words of the section when draft
ing charges and Crown Counsel complied with those exhortations in this case}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600878\charrsid2230147  in using the expression, Indian hemp.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907090\charrsid2230147 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5907090 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10954223\charrsid2230147 
\par In the court below, Dr. Sahu Khan argued that the analyst}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10954223\charrsid2230147 s report, }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10954223\charrsid2230147 test}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5706781 s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10954223\charrsid2230147  for heroin positive}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10954223\charrsid2230147 
, was not adequate and that it should be shown that all the white powder in the suitcase}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7294012\charrsid2230147 s was heroin. In the course of my experience}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10496345\charrsid2230147  I have not come across any similar submission.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6781202\charrsid2230147 
 He intimated that he was adopting the same submission for the purposes of this appeal. He was no doubt suggesting that some chemical compound of heroin although not}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6781202\charrsid2230147 being heroin within the meaning of the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance would still give a positive reaction to heroin. I consider that the argument is not tenable in that he
roin is itself a chemical compound of morphine as described in Section 2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1341682\charrsid2230147  of the Ordinance which shows that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5200006\charrsid2230147 
diacetylmorphine means heroin. A positive reaction to heroin shows the presence of heroin; how could it ever be supposed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15100190\charrsid2230147  that it revealed the presenc
e of something that was not heroin. An analyst cannot use pounds of substance when making tests to determine its origin or }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11481888\charrsid2230147 composition; his test-tubes, }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5706781 and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11481888\charrsid2230147 paraphernalia are made for the purpose of working with very small samples. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5706781 To check every milligram}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11481888\charrsid2230147  
of 4 1bs. of heroin would require an enormous series of tests. Samples which do not give positive reactions as heroin are surely not heroin or do not contain heroin. Section 13(1)(c) uses the expression heroin which also appears in Section 2, the interpre
tation section. In using the word heroin in the charge the draftsman adopted the word}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5706781 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8663057\charrsid2230147 
 of the Ordinance and of part IV in particular under which}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid876731\charrsid2230147  the offence of importing heroin is created.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10954223\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5853993\charrsid2230147 
\par This ground fails.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8532951\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5853993\charrsid2230147 Ground 8 alleges that the magistrate erred in holding that the appellant imported the dangerous drugs.
\par 
\par There was ample evidence on which the magistrate could have found, as he did, that the appellant was aware of the nature of the substances she had impor
ted. He referred to her reactions which I have dealt with under earlier grounds of appeal. He was justified in regarding her reactions as a link in the chain of evidence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3999743\charrsid2230147 
 pointing to guilty knowledge.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5853993\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3999743\charrsid2230147 
\par Part VI of the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance comprises Sections 35 to 42 and covers legal proceedings }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10880233 under the Ordinance. Section 35}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3999743\charrsid2230147 
(3) reads as follows:-
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2504108 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3999743\charrsid2230147 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3999743 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3999743\charrsid2230147 
The provisions of the Customs Ordinance shall apply to every suit or proceeding under this section.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3999743\charrsid2230147 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3999743 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3999743\charrsid2230147 
\par Crown }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10880233 Counsel submits that Section 35}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3999743\charrsid2230147 (3) makes the provisions}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8277609\charrsid2230147  of the Customs Ordinance applicable to offences under the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance of impor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7952389\charrsid2230147 
ting dangerous drugs and therefore Section 181 of the Customs Ordinance, Cap. 190, applied to this trial. Section 181 Customs Ordinance places the onus of proving an absence of guilty knowledge on the person}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14646843\charrsid2230147  charged for offence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8532951\charrsid2230147 s }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14646843\charrsid2230147 under the Custom}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8532951\charrsid2230147 s }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4071372\charrsid2230147 Ordinance.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16020364\charrsid2230147  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14646843\charrsid2230147 Consequently he argues that the onus is upon the appellant to prove she did not }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11738684 know }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14646843\charrsid2230147 the cases conta
ined heroin and Indian hemp. If such was the intention of Section 35 of the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance that intention, in my respectful view, is very obscure. It is possible but by no means obvious that Section 35(3) was intended to read}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15618654\charrsid2230147 -
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15618654 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15618654\charrsid2230147 (3) The provisio
ns of the Customs Ordinance shall apply to every suit or proceeding under this part.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15618654\charrsid2230147  (i.e. Part VI).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15618654 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15618654\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4071372\charrsid2230147 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15618654\charrsid2230147 nd if it was so worded Crown Counsel}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15618654\charrsid2230147 s submission would, I think, be valid because Section 39 which falls within Part VI of the Dangerous Drugs Ordinanc
e makes it an offence to contravene the provisions of the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance.
\par 
\par Accordingly I do not accept the respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15618654\charrsid2230147 
s submission that there was any onus upon the appellant to prove that she did not know that the cases contained}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9854779  hero}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15618654\charrsid2230147 
in and Indian hemp. The burden of proving guilty knowledge rests upon the prosecution. However, as I have pointed out already, there was ample evidence pointing to guilty knowledge if the magistrate regarded it as credible and he clearly did so, it was am
ple without any reference to Mrs. Scally}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15618654\charrsid2230147 s background.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281554\charrsid2230147 
\par 
\par This ground fails.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4071372\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281554\charrsid2230147 Ground IX complains that the sentence is manifestly harsh and wrong in principle.
\par 
\par Dr. Sahu Khan has urged the youth of the appellant and pointed out that imprisonment in a foreign 
country may involve difficult conditions for her viz. climatically, regarding food, accommodation and so forth than if she were sentenced in her own country. Our prisons are properly supervised and for reasons hereinafter appearing I do not subscribe to t
hat view. It is illuminati}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6754379\charrsid2230147 ng}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281554\charrsid2230147 
 to hear such a plea made on behalf of a trafficker in dangerous drugs especially herein.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4478187\charrsid2230147  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2110495\charrsid2230147 Such persons have }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9854779 no }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2110495\charrsid2230147 pity for the unfortunate creatures enslaved by addictive drugs but seek to spread those horrors wider and wider. In fa
ct by their own callous in-difference to the human suffering they create they reap rich harves}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13059320\charrsid2230147 ts from the misery, degradation}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2110495\charrsid2230147 , and not too slow death which they smuggle in from other parts of the world. Decent women are forced into prostitution and males i
nto serving as homosexuality prostitutes to apart from other crimes obtain the means of satisfying their ever increasing craving for the drug which before it kills them transforms them into walking skeletons more like animals than humans. Families of drug
s addicts often find that everything they possess has been purloined and sold to buy the drug. More and more nations are increasing the penal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11754518\charrsid2230147 ties for drug trafficking}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13059320\charrsid2230147 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3999743\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281554\charrsid2230147 
\par Of course it is not the court}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281554\charrsid2230147 s duty to extract any form of revenge from these vicious a
nd worst of all criminals. If that were the case an appropriate penalty would be to make them into drug addicts under Moses}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281554\charrsid2230147  law of an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. Nevertheless international society}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11673830\charrsid2230147 
 demands that they be punished and that the pun
ishment inflicted should if possible be a deterrent to those tempted to work for dangerous drug organizations. Their profits are so enormous and the vices they control so widespread that one can only hope that under the sanction of punishment potential co
uriers will hesitate to accept their employment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12281554\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8800416\charrsid2230147 
\par This appellant clearly undertook this assignment with her eyes wide open as to what she was doing and to the risks involved. She travel}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid277150 l}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8800416\charrsid2230147 ed from Singapore to Bangkok and then to Singapore.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid89335\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16465714\charrsid2230147 Those countries}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16465714\charrsid2230147 
 stamps on her passport could alert customs officers and her baggage could be suspect. It is significant in that respect that she had a new passport issued shortly before she commenced her journeys. An old passport with similar destinations would be even 
more suspicious.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3540759\charrsid2230147 
 That she knew the risk is apparent from her behaviour at the airport as she waited for the suitcases of dangerous drugs to be conveyed from the airport into the arrival shed. She was agitated, puffing her cigarettes }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15474283\charrsid2230147 frequently}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14056322\charrsid2230147 , alternately 
sitting and standing and moving about and even going into an unauthorized area to check on the progress of the suitcases. When the cases arrived she did her best to avoid having them opened by pointing out that}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15474283\charrsid2230147  the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8289555\charrsid2230147 y had}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15474283\charrsid2230147  been }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15474283\charrsid2230147 security checked}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15474283\charrsid2230147  in Singapore }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15869416 and arguing that there could}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15474283\charrsid2230147  be }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15869416 no }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15474283\charrsid2230147 necessity to check them again.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4016249\charrsid2230147  Although it w}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15869416 as cold she was sweating and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4016249\charrsid2230147 
 had to wipe her face. On the following day when the cases were opened in her presence she burst into tears and had to rush to the toilet before she }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15869416 was }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4016249\charrsid2230147 challenged with the allegation that the contents were dangerous drugs.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16465714\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4016249\charrsid2230147 
\par No doubt she was the tool of other persons but she un}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2697550\charrsid2230147 doubtedly was prepared to run a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4016249\charrsid2230147 
big risk. One of the risks could be being apprehended in Thailand or Singapore where drug traf
fickers can be executed. Likewise they know that in any country the term of imprisonment metered out to drug traffickers is likely to be severe. Our prisons have medical facilities, and are visited by magistrates. She was perhaps very fortunate not to be 
arrested before reaching Fiji.
\par 
\par Dr. Sahu Khan pointed out that she could have absconded during the night whilst the suitcases were in bond. But her passport had been taken and it is doubtful whether she could have flown away from Nadi without it.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4478187\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4016249\charrsid2230147 In my view 6 years imprisonment was by no means severe but on the contrary.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid815975\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12085908\charrsid2230147 She rece}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10290055\charrsid2230147 ived 6 years for importing 4.4.1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2627914\charrsid2230147 
bs. hero}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12085908\charrsid2230147 i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6453141\charrsid2230147 n and 3 years for importing 44 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12085908\charrsid2230147 
bs. Indian hemp the sentences being concurrent, i.e. 6 years in all.
\par 
\par As it happens the learned magistrate exceeded his powers}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10493391\charrsid2230147  in imposing 6 years on the hero}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12085908\charrsid2230147 in charge, count }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5442743\charrsid2230147 IV. His limit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12085908\charrsid2230147 
 is 5 years under the Criminal Procedure Code and the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance as amended has not extended that power. The legislature by Act No.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11555895  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12085908\charrsid2230147 6}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11555895  of 1978 had amended Section 39}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12085908\charrsid2230147 
(2) of the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance which sets out the penalties with the intention of empowering magistrates to impose up to 8 years imprisonment for drug offences. But Act. No. 6 of 1978, did not succeed in doing this it simply altered the 
penalty to one of eight years without extending the magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12085908\charrsid2230147 
s powers. I understand that the legislature is about to attend to this matter and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11555895  further enhance the penalties.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12000291\charrsid2230147 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12085908\charrsid2230147 The amount }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12000291\charrsid2230147 of herein involved, over 4 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2299884\charrsid2230147 
bs. i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15142135\charrsid2230147 s a very large quantity.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12085908\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9909294\charrsid2230147 
\par I reduce the sentence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12807505\charrsid2230147  on Count IV, regarding the hero}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9909294\charrsid2230147 in, to 5 years which is the magistrate}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16387025 s legal maximum.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9909294\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9845316\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9909294\charrsid2230147 With regard to Count III, the importation of Indian hemp, it should be noted that this is a separate offence under the Dangerous Drugs Ordina}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16387025 nce from the importation of hero}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9909294\charrsid2230147 in. The latter falls under Section 14 and the former under Section}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9845316\charrsid2230147  4. A}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9909294\charrsid2230147 lthough the appellant in one act imported}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11886112\charrsid2230147 
 both kinds of drugs }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9845316\charrsid2230147 she committed two distinct offences under the Ordinance. She could not be charged for a single offence to cover the importation of both the drugs.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9909294\charrsid2230147 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9845316\charrsid2230147 
\par The quantity of Indian hemp, 44 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8983880\charrsid2230147 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid658154\charrsid2230147 bs. w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9845316\charrsid2230147 
as a gain a large amount. Although Indian hemp is a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9845316\charrsid2230147 soft}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9845316\charrsid2230147  drug the amount was so large as to show that it was being moved on a commercial scale. Therefore I do not r
egard the sentence of 3 years }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid658154\charrsid2230147 as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9845316\charrsid2230147 excessive.
\par 
\par It would not have been an erroneous approach for the magistrate to have made the sentences consecutive as the offences are distinct under the Ordinance. In my view this is the approach required of this Court.
\par 
\par Accordingly I set aside the sentences impos}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6843099\charrsid2230147 ed by the leaned Magistrate and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9845316\charrsid2230147 substituted the following:-
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14183389\charrsid2230147 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2504108 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9845316\charrsid16387025 Count 3 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9845316\charrsid2230147 
(Indian hemp): Three years}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9845316\charrsid2230147  imprisonment
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15618654 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2504108 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9845316\charrsid16387025 Count 4}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3672682\charrsid2230147  (hero}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9845316\charrsid2230147 in)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2626435\charrsid2230147 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9845316\charrsid2230147  Five years}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2504108\charrsid2230147 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16387025  imprisonment consecutively.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16387025 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16387025 
\par g}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9845316\charrsid2230147 iving a total of 8 years in all.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15618654 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9845316\charrsid2230147 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9845316 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9845316\charrsid2230147 (Sgd}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16387025 .}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9845316\charrsid2230147 ) J.T.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16387025  }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9845316\charrsid2230147 Williams
\par JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15618654 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9845316\charrsid2230147 
\par LAUTOKA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12877633\charrsid2230147 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9845316\charrsid2230147 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9845316\charrsid2230147 23rd October, 1978}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12877633\charrsid2230147 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9779732\charrsid2230147 
\par }}