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\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8264253\charrsid15425577 (WESTERN}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  DIVISION)
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. 225 of 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8264253\charrsid15425577 977}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8264253 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15425577 CHABILDAS}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1989916  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1989916 and }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15425577 DEVIDAS}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8264253\charrsid15425577 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15425577\charrsid9647235 S}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8264253\charrsid9647235 ons of Gulabdas
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15425577 Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8264253\charrsid15425577 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8264253 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15425577 AND}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8264253\charrsid15425577 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8264253 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8264253\charrsid15425577 RAGHUPAL SINGH}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1989916  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8264253\charrsid1989916 s/o Nakshu Singh
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15425577 Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8264253\charrsid15425577 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9507513 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8264253\charrsid15425577 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1779629 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8264253\charrsid15425577 Dr. M.S. Sahu Khan, Counsel for the Plaintiffs
\par Mr. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15877848 G.P. Shankar and Mr. S.R. Shank}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 ar, Counsel for the Defendant
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8264253\charrsid15425577 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8264253 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1779629 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507513\charrsid9850416 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 This is an ori}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13985837 ginating summons issued under se}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
ction 169 of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8264253\charrsid15425577  the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 Land Transfer }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10623520\charrsid15425577 Act}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  1971 wherein the plaintiff }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8264253\charrsid15425577 land}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 lords seek
 possession }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8264253\charrsid15425577 from}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  the defendant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1779629\charrsid15425577  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 The plaint}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10623520\charrsid15425577 iffs on 12th April 1977 acquire}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
d by}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14365558\charrsid15425577  acquire by tran}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 sfer a building in Ba town comprising 3 shops on the ground floor }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14365558\charrsid15425577 and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14365558\charrsid15425577  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 residential flats on the first floor. The defend}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14365558\charrsid15425577 a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 nt occupies one }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14365558\charrsid15425577 of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 the sho}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14365558\charrsid15425577 ps, holding under a tenancy agreeme}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 nt dated 20th December}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14365558\charrsid15425577  1969 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 from the plaintiffs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  predecessor-in-title. That agreement }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14365558\charrsid15425577 enured }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13985837 
for 7 years from 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 st January 197}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14365558\charrsid15425577 0 and thus expire}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10623520\charrsid15425577 d on 31}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 st }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14365558\charrsid15425577 Dec}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 ember 1976.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1779629\charrsid15425577  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14365558\charrsid15425577 The re}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14365558\charrsid15425577 t fixed by the tenancy agreement}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
 was $100 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14365558\charrsid15425577 per}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16607278\charrsid15425577  month, but in September 1976 the defendant began }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 to pay rent at $156}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16607278\charrsid15425577  a month}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
. He says that this occurred }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16607278\charrsid15425577 because}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  his agreement contained an }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16607278\charrsid15425577 opt}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 ion for renewal for a further ten years from its expiry, and he gave}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16607278\charrsid15425577  notice }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 orally to the plaintiffs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  pred}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13985837 ecessor-in-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 title exercising the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16607278\charrsid15425577 option}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  and the plaintiffs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  predecessor-in-title accepted this position. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16607278\charrsid15425577 The }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 defendant did not obtain anything in writing to effectuate his}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16607278\charrsid15425577  exercise }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 of the option to which I have referred, and when the plaintiffs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16607278\charrsid15425577  took o}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 ver they tr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16607278\charrsid15425577 ea}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 ted the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16607278\charrsid15425577 defendant a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 s a monthly tenant. The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16607278\charrsid15425577 
plaintiffs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  solicitors were also solicitors for the plaintiffs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16607278\charrsid15425577  predecessor-in-title }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 and on 27th July 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16607278\charrsid15425577 
976 they wrote to the defendant on behalf}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  of the plaintiffs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  predecessor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9902035\charrsid15425577 -in-title advising him that he was thenceforward}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6188124\charrsid15425577  a monthly tenant, a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 nd that they intended to ask the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6188124\charrsid15425577 Prices and Incomes Board for}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1779629\charrsid15425577  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
permission to increase his rent, and further }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6188124\charrsid15425577 that i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
f the building were transferred, the new owners might not continue}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6188124\charrsid15425577  his tenancy. To that one m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 ight have expected 
that defendant would }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6188124\charrsid15425577 ha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 ve }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6188124\charrsid15425577 repli}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 ed that he }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6188124\charrsid15425577 ha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
d a ten-year extension. But he did not reply at all }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13985837 to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6188124\charrsid15425577 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
hat letter. On 18th November 1976}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10623520\charrsid15425577  the plaintiffs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10623520\charrsid15425577 
 predecessor-in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6188124\charrsid15425577 -title}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  secured the consent of the Prices and Incomes Board to an }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11218708\charrsid15425577 increase}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5449859  of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10623520\charrsid15425577  rent from $}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11218708\charrsid15425577 100 to $1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 56 a month. Just how they were able to do this }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11218708\charrsid15425577 in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5449859 the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
face of the tenancy agreement which did not expire until 31st }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11218708\charrsid15425577 D}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11218708\charrsid15425577 ce}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 mber 1976 was not explained to me. At all events the defendant }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11218708\charrsid15425577 instead of seeking leg}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 al advice, protested to the Prices and Incomes}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11218708\charrsid15425577  Board, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 and rec}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11218708\charrsid15425577 
eived no satisfaction. On 31st Ma}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 rch 1977 the defendant }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11218708\charrsid15425577 was }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 advised that the plaintiffs had bought the building, and he was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11218708\charrsid15425577  asked to pay his rent to them.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  He appears to have paid them at the rate }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11218708\charrsid15425577 of }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 $156 a month. The next thing that happened was that by notice dated }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10623520\charrsid15425577 23rd}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11218708\charrsid15425577  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 August 1977 the plaintiffs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  solicitors gave the defendant notice }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11218708\charrsid15425577 to q}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 uit. The defendant admits that he has }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2317764\charrsid15425577 received that notice, but he claims}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  that his tenancy agreement gives him an option of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2317764\charrsid15425577 renewal}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8395011\charrsid15425577  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2317764\charrsid15425577 which}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  he has exercised.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8395011\charrsid15425577 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 The plaintiffs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
 claim is based upon the Land Transfer Act.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1779629\charrsid15425577  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 They }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912372\charrsid15425577 say }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1574909\charrsid15425577 that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912372\charrsid15425577 are the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 registered proprietors of a piece of land, which they}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9912372\charrsid15425577  purc}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 hased free from encumbrances. They say, moreover, that if the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16466473\charrsid15425577 def}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 endant has}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16466473\charrsid15425577  a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  lease for te}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16466473\charrsid15425577 n years reserved under his agree}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 ment of 20th }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16466473\charrsid15425577 Dec}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 ember 1969, it will not prevail against the plaintiff unless it is}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16466473\charrsid15425577  regis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 tere}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1574909\charrsid15425577 
d under the Land Transfer Act 1971,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  and that since it was not so }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16466473\charrsid15425577 register}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 ed, it is void, and the defendant can claim no rights under it. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16466473\charrsid15425577 He refers to sections 37}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 , }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16466473\charrsid15425577 3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
9 and 40 of the Act and then to section 54.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256996  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16466473\charrsid15425577 I set }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256996 out }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16466473\charrsid15425577 those four sections.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16466473 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 37.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1779629\charrsid15425577  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 No instrument until registered in accordance with the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16466473\charrsid15425577 provi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 sions of this Act shall be ef}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1574909\charrsid15425577 
fectual to create, vary, extin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16466473\charrsid15425577 gu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 ish or pass any estate or interest or encumbrance in, on}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16466473\charrsid15425577  or o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 ver any land subject to the provisions of this Act, but }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16466473\charrsid15425577 up}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 on registration the estate or interest or encumbrance shall}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16466473\charrsid15425577  be created}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 , varied, extinguished or passed in the manner}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16466473\charrsid15425577  a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1574909\charrsid15425577 nd s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
ubject to the covenants and conditions expressed or }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5909552\charrsid15425577 implied in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 the instrument.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5975731 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5909552\charrsid15425577 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9202133 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 39.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5909552\charrsid15425577  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 (1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5909552\charrsid15425577 ) Notwithstanding the existence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
 in any other person }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid743144 of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5909552\charrsid15425577 any}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
 estate or interest, whether derived by }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5909552\charrsid15425577 g}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 rant from the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5909552\charrsid15425577 Crown o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 r otherwise, which but for this Act might be held to}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5909552\charrsid15425577  be para}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 mount or to have }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5909552\charrsid15425577 priority,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1779629\charrsid15425577  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 the registered}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1779629\charrsid15425577  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 proprietor of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5909552\charrsid15425577  any }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
land subject to the provisions of this Act, or of any estate }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2556031\charrsid15425577 or }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
interest therein, shall, except in case of fraud, hold the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5909552\charrsid15425577  same su}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 bject to such }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5909552\charrsid15425577 encumbrances as may be notified on the folium of the register, constituted by the instrument of title thereto, but absolutely free from all other }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 encumbrances whatsoever except -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5909552\charrsid15425577 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1779629 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5909552\charrsid15425577 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5975731 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 (a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9202133\charrsid15425577  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 the estate or interest of a proprietor claiming the same land, estate or interest under a prior instrument of title registered under the provisions of this Act; and}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9202133 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5975731 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731\charrsid15425577 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5975731 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9202133\charrsid15425577 (b) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16348130\charrsid15425577 
so far as regards any portion of land that may}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
 by wrong description or parcels or of boundaries be erroneously included in the instrument of title of the registered proprietor not being a purchaser or mortgagee for value or deriving title from a purchaser or mortgagee for value; and}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4018601\charrsid15425577 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4018601 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4018601\charrsid15425577 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5975731 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9202133\charrsid15425577 (c) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
any reservations, exceptions, conditions and powers contained in the original grant.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4018601 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4018601\charrsid15425577 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4018601 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4018601\charrsid15425577 (2) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
Subject to the pro}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4018601\charrsid15425577 visions of Part XIII of this Act}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 , no }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4018601\charrsid15425577 estate or interest in any la}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 nd subject to the provisions of this }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4018601\charrsid15425577 Act }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 shall be acquired by possession or user adversely to or in}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4018601\charrsid15425577  de}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 rogation of the title of any person registered as the proprietor }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4018601\charrsid15425577 of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  any }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4018601\charrsid15425577 estate}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  or interest in such land under the provisions of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4018601\charrsid15425577 t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 his Act.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1779629 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4018601\charrsid15425577 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3025458 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 40}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4018601\charrsid15425577 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1779629\charrsid15425577  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 Except in the case of fraud, no person contracting or }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4018601\charrsid15425577 dea}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
ling with or taking or proposing to take a transfer from the proprietor of any estate or interest in land subject to the pro}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4018601\charrsid15425577 visions of this Act shall be require}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 d or in an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4018601\charrsid15425577 y manner concerned to inquire or ascerta
in the circumstances in or the consideration for which such proprietor or any previous proprietor of such esta}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3025458\charrsid15425577 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4018601\charrsid15425577 
e or interest is or was registered, or to see to the application of the purchas}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3025458\charrsid15425577 e money or any part thereof, or shall be affected by notice, direc
t or constructive, of any trust or unregistered interest, any rule of law or equity to the contrary notwithstanding, and the knowledge that any such trust or unregistered interest is in existence shall not of itself be imputed as fraud.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5975731 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3025458\charrsid15425577 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid862218 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3025458\charrsid15425577 54. -(1) When any 
land is intended to be leased or demised for a life or lives or for any term exceeding one year, the proprietor shall execute in duplicate a lease in the prescribed form which shall be registered in accordance with the provisions}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3025458\charrsid15425577 this Act, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 and every suc
h instrument shall, for description of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3025458\charrsid15425577 land}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  intended to be dealt with, ref}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3025458\charrsid15425577 er to the instrument of title o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 f the lessor, and shall give s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13191481\charrsid15425577 uch description as may be necess}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 ary to identify the land, and }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13191481\charrsid15425577 shall contain an accurate state}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid862218\charrsid15425577 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
ent of the land intended to be leased.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid862218\charrsid15425577 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 (2) A lease executed in the prescribed form may be registered }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid862218\charrsid15425577 n}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 otwithstanding that the ter}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid862218\charrsid15425577 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
 thereof is for one year or less,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid862218\charrsid15425577  b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 ut an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid862218\charrsid15425577 y}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1779629\charrsid15425577  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 lease which shall have been}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid862218\charrsid15425577 
 granted for a term}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  not exceeding one year shall be valid without registration:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid862218\charrsid15425577 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 Provided that no right or covenant to purchase the land }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid862218\charrsid15425577 c}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 ontained in any lease shall be valid as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid862218\charrsid15425577 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
gainst any subsequent }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid862218\charrsid15425577 purchaser}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  of the reversion unless such lease be registered.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10057876 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid862218\charrsid15425577 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1779629 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 Dr. Sahu Khan was content to argue the matter on the basis}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid862218\charrsid15425577  that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  the option had been inferentially exercised see }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 Gardiner v Blaxhill }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid862218\charrsid15425577 (1960) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
2 AER 457. Mr. Shankar stated that the defendant was not urging }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10057876\charrsid15425577 the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid862218\charrsid15425577 que}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 stion of fraud, so that cases like }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 Webb v Hooper}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  (1953}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10057876\charrsid15425577 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  NZLR 111 }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid862218\charrsid15425577 are not appli}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 cable.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid862218\charrsid15425577 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
\par Mr. Shankar says that because this was an agreement to lease}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5785646\charrsid15425577  and not}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  proper form for}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5785646\charrsid15425577  registration it was not registerable,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  and he}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5785646\charrsid15425577  suggested }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 that when a registered proprietor is not in possession, a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5785646\charrsid15425577  purchaser}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  from him is bound by the terms of any }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15822764\charrsid15425577 agreement}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  made}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15822764\charrsid15425577  betwe}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 en the registered proprietor and the actual occupant of the land and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15822764\charrsid15425577  he relies}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  upon }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15822764\charrsid15425577 Miller v Minister of Mi}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 nes}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  (1963) 1 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15822764\charrsid15425577 AE}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 R 109, 112 and }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 Hunt }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4029580 v. }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15822764\charrsid15425577 L}{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 uck}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  (1902) 1 Ch 428.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1779629\charrsid15425577  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 I can find no authority for the second of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15087151\charrsid15425577 these prepositions.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 I think before }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388875\charrsid15425577 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
 go any further I should express }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388875\charrsid15425577 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 y view of the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3676\charrsid15425577 defen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 dant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 s claim to have exercised his option of renewal. The option }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3676\charrsid15425577 clause}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  is as follows:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11693035\charrsid15425577 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11693035 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11693035\charrsid15425577 
3. The Lessor agrees with the Lessees as follows:-
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5975731 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11693035\charrsid15425577 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11693035 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11693035\charrsid15425577 (a) The Lessor shall give to the Lessees option of renewal of 
this lease for a term of 10 years upon the terms and conditions agreed between the parties hereto.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1779629 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11693035 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11693035\charrsid15425577 (b) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
That the Lessees paying the rental }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11693035\charrsid15425577 hereinbefore}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
 reserved and observing the stipulations herein on his part contained shall peaceable enjoy the said premises without a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11693035\charrsid15425577 ny interruption or interference}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  by the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11693035\charrsid15425577  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
Lessor or any person on his behalf subject however to the covenants on the part of the Lessees herein contained.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1779629 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11693035\charrsid15425577 
\par I th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 ink that the words }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 The lessor shall give}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  at the beginning of the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3694471\charrsid15425577  option }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4029580 clause }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 must be read as if they were}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1779629\charrsid15425577  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 the lessor gives}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1779629\charrsid15425577  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 for}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3694471\charrsid15425577  the option is a present promi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 se to grant a future benefit to the lessee. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3694471\charrsid15425577 No writing is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 apparently necessary. It would appear that the option can }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3694471\charrsid15425577 be exercised informally, as indeed the defenda}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4029580 nt claims to have exercised it.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3694471\charrsid15425577 
\par So }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 that I would construe the option clause as meaning that the lessee }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3694471\charrsid15425577 is entitl}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 ed without notic}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3694471\charrsid15425577 e if he wants it to claim a ten-}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 year extension }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3694471\charrsid15425577 on the same terms}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
, including the same rent, as in th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3694471\charrsid15425577 e present tenancy.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12664083\charrsid15425577  I do }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 not think that it can be construed as granting a perpetual lease, as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12664083\charrsid15425577 was suggested }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 by Dr. Sahu Khan. However I next look to see what has }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12664083\charrsid15425577 actu}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 ally happened. The defendant says}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12664083\charrsid15425577  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
that somewhere towards the end}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12664083\charrsid15425577  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4029580 of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 1}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12664083\charrsid15425577 9}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 75 he spoke to the plaintiffs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  predecessor-in-title by telephone }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12664083\charrsid15425577 to Cana}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 da and told him that he exercised his option and the landlord }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388875\charrsid15425577 a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12664083\charrsid15425577 greed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  Then he says that he began to pay the increased rent of $156 }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12664083\charrsid15425577 in September 1976. I find that last }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 st}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067428\charrsid15425577 
atement difficult to reconcile with the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 next sentence of his }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067428\charrsid15425577 affidavit}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 . He says }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388875\charrsid15425577 \'85\'85}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067428\charrsid15425577 by another letter }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 dated 18th November 1976 the said D.K. Patel (the plaintiffs}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067428\charrsid15425577 predecessor-in-title) }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 again informed me to pay the increased rental from}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067428\charrsid15425577  1st September, 1976.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2103161\charrsid15425577 That }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 letter notified defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2103161\charrsid15425577  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 that the Prices and Incomes Board}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2103161\charrsid15425577  had a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
pproved the i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2103161\charrsid15425577 ncrease of his rent, although I }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 would observe in }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2103161\charrsid15425577 parenthesis that I find it difficult to se}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 e how the Prices and Incomes}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2103161\charrsid15425577  Board could have approved of a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 n increase of rent if they had been }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2103161\charrsid15425577 informed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  of the tenancy agreem}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8476999\charrsid15425577 
ent with its fixed rent up to 31st}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2103161\charrsid15425577  December, 1976.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  Defendant wrote to the Prices and Incomes Board }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2103161\charrsid15425577 who }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864539 confirmed the increase of rent which the defendant then paid, and went on }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2103161\charrsid15425577 paying }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 until he was given notice to quit }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1209885\charrsid15425577 
on 23rd August 1977. At that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864539 tage }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
defendant consulted solicitors and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1209885\charrsid15425577 those}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  solicitors }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864539 
wrote to the plaintiff's solicitors }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 on 15th September}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1209885\charrsid15425577  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864539 
asking that defendant be allowed to remain in possession until other communication was found.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1779629\charrsid15425577  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 But that }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1209885\charrsid15425577 letter }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 makes no mention of defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 s claim to have exercised his option }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1209885\charrsid15425577 to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
renew. All of this leads me to conclude that the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 s claim}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1209885\charrsid15425577  to h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 ave exercised his option is unfounded. Although the letter of 27th }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1209885\charrsid15425577 July}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 1976 written on behalf of the plaintiffs would appear to be a }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10242947\charrsid15425577 unilateral}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  variation of the tenancy agreement between the defend}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10242947\charrsid15425577 ant and the p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 laintiffs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  predecessors in title, and therefore invalid, I think}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10242947\charrsid15425577  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864539 that 
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
s actions subsequent to 31st December 1976 lead to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10242947\charrsid15425577 no }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 other conclusion }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10242947\charrsid15425577 than }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 that he was holding over as a monthly tenant, }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10242947\charrsid15425577 and I w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 ould so hold: see}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10242947\charrsid15425577  }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10242947\charrsid15425577 Adler v Blackman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10242947\charrsid15425577  (1952) 2 AER 945. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2572204\charrsid15425577 
I would hold that the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 monthly tenancy under which the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2572204\charrsid15425577 d}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 efendant held after 31st }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2572204\charrsid15425577 December 1976 was duly terminated by the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 notice dated 23rd August 1977}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5465727\charrsid15425577 . Le}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5445623\charrsid15425577 st }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5465727\charrsid15425577 I am wrong on this, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 I proceed to consider the position on the basis}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8476999\charrsid15425577  that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5465727\charrsid15425577 ther}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8476999\charrsid15425577 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5465727\charrsid15425577  was indeed an }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
exercise of the option and that defendant had a tenancy for ten years but unregistered or protected by a caveat. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9920235\charrsid15425577 To }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 begin with there was a perfectly good agreement to lease between the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13516789\charrsid15425577 plaintiffs}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13516789\charrsid15425577  predecessors in title and the defendant, and the defendant had g}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8476999\charrsid15425577 one into}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13516789\charrsid15425577 
 possession under the agreement. Specific performance could have been ordered in favour of the lessee. But he did nothing to protect his agreement to lease, and when the plaintif}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15679646 
fs took their transfer they beca}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13516789\charrsid15425577 me registered proprietor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15679646 s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13516789\charrsid15425577  on a clear and unencumbered title. I do not think that they can be disturbed. They are protected by the clear words of section 40.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5403950\charrsid15425577 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx4050\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1378215 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5403950\charrsid15425577 Mr. Shankar relies upon the cases of }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5403950\charrsid15425577 Miller v Minister of Mines}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5403950\charrsid15425577  (1963) 1 AER 109, 112 and }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5403950\charrsid15425577 Hunt v Luck}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5403950\charrsid15425577  (1902) 1 Ch 428. His argument is that beca
use the agreement to lease was not in registrable form it was therefore not registrable interest. It is true that, as the Privy Council said }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5403950\charrsid1378215 Miller v Minister of Mines,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5403950\charrsid15425577  an instrument to attract the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624963\charrsid15425577  protection of the Land Transfer Act has to be both registr
able and registered. In that case the document in question was not registered nor was it registrable because it dealt with an interest not capable of registration. In this case, however, although t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8476999\charrsid15425577 he instrument }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624963\charrsid15425577 was not registered, it was registrable, becau
se although not in proper form, it did refer to an interest which was capable of being converted into a legal interest. In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624963\charrsid15425577 Stables & Company v Corby}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624963\charrsid15425577  (1900) 19 NZLR 517, the Chief Justice of New Zealand (Sir Robert Stout) pointed at page 536 that although }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624963\charrsid15425577 interest}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624963\charrsid15425577 
 was not defined in the Land Transfer Act, the term was intended to refer to legal interest or an equitable interest capable of being made legal, and that was the kind of interest a caveat was intended to protect and not an equitable interest per 
se. That is also the case in Fiji. But the interest conferred by the mining licence in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624963\charrsid1378215 Miller v Minister of Mines}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107904\charrsid15425577 
 was not such an interest. It follows that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107904\charrsid1378215 Miller v Minister of Mines}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107904\charrsid15425577 
 does not help the defendant nor does Hunt v Luck. In my view the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7107904\charrsid15425577 
s equitable interest can be converted into a legal interest by the preparation of the proper document.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13632673\charrsid15425577  Moreover defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13632673\charrsid15425577 s interest could have been protected by caveat for section
 106 of the Land Transfer Act 1971 entitles a person beneficially entitled to lodge a caveat, and the defendant was certainly beneficially entitled to an interest in land, but unless so protected the interest cannot be a burden on the title of the registe
red proprietor.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5403950\charrsid15425577 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1779629 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9438531\charrsid15425577 
\par Mr. Shankar did, however, make one submission which I should mention. He suggested that Miller v Minister of Mines was authority for saying that if the registered proprietor does not give a lease in registrable form, but gives an informal
 lease, he has to suffer the consequences}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5790382\charrsid15425577 
, as has his transferee. I am quite unable to deduce that conclusion from any of the statements made in the judgments in that case, and it would seem to me to be quite contrary to the principles of Torrens registrat}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073443 ion and, indeed, to section 39}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5790382\charrsid15425577 
(1) of the Land Transfer Act 1971. When I look at that section I find that counsel agree that there is here no question of fraud. There is no claim under prior instrument of title registered under the Act. There is no question of wrong description.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6890372\charrsid15425577  There is no suggestion of any reservations, exception, conditions or powers contained in the original grant. Prima facie that section would appear to operate against the defendant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6890372\charrsid15425577 s contentions.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073443 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10034009\charrsid1188855 That view is supported by the decided cases. There are number of them: }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10034009\charrsid1188855 Kirkpatrick and Barclay v Hutchison}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10034009\charrsid1188855  (1904) 23 NZLR 755: }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10034009\charrsid1188855 Fels v Knowles}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10034009\charrsid1188855 
 (1906) 26 NZLR 604: }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10034009\charrsid1188855 Boyd v Mayor of Wellington}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10034009\charrsid1188855  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4723043\charrsid1188855 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10034009\charrsid1188855 1944}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4723043\charrsid1188855 )}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10034009\charrsid1188855  43 NZLR 1174; }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10034009\charrsid1188855 Maori Trustee v Kahuroa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10034009\charrsid1188855 
 (1956) 75 NZLR 713: }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10034009\charrsid1188855 Frazer v Walker}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11680858\charrsid1188855  (1967) 1 AC 569: }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11680858\charrsid1188855 Sutton v O}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731\charrsid1188855 '}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11680858\charrsid1188855 kane }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11680858\charrsid1188855 (1973) 2 NZLR 304. I will refer only to three. The first is }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11680858\charrsid1188855 Fels v Knowles}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11680858\charrsid1188855  (1906) 26 NZLR 604}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8538878\charrsid1188855 
. There the defendants were trustees under a will and registered proprietors by transmission under the Land Transfer Act}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7949725\charrsid1188855  of a certain block of land
 in the city of Wellington. In 1891 they granted to one H., under whose wills the plaintiffs were appointed trustees, a lease of this land for fourteen years, in which was inserted an option to purchase the demised property for \'a36,000.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4017221\charrsid1188855  H. knew that the lessors granted the lease as trustees under a will, but neither he nor his solicitors knew or inquired whether the will gave the trustee power to include in t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1188855 he list an option to purchase. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4017221\charrsid1188855 In 1905, seven months before the expiry of the lease, notice was given to the lessors of the lessees}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731\charrsid1188855 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4017221\charrsid1188855  intention to exercise this right to purchase, but th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1188855 
e lessors refused to transfer}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4017221\charrsid1188855 , on the ground that they had no power to grant a lease containing an option to purchase, and that if they did transfer, the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1188855 y would be guilty of a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4017221\charrsid1188855  breach of trust. The New Zealand Court of Appeal (with the Chief Justice}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538006\charrsid1188855  dissenting) held that the defendants were bound the option to purchase because the lease being registered under the provisions}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538006\charrsid15425577  of the Land Transfer Act, the plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1188855 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538006\charrsid15425577  had by virt
ue of the provisions of that Act acquired an indefeasible statutory right, notwithstanding that the granting by the defendants of the right to purch}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16525077\charrsid15425577 a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538006\charrsid15425577 se}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16525077\charrsid15425577  might have been a breach}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6056653\charrsid15425577  of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16525077\charrsid15425577  trust. The principle is laid down in the majority judgment as follows: }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16525077\charrsid15425577 
The cardinal principle of the Land Transfer Acts is that the register is everything, and that except in cases of actual fraud on the part of the person dealing with the registered property, such person, upon registration of the title under which he takes 
from the registered property has an indefeasible title against all the world.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16525077\charrsid15425577  Secondly there is }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16525077\charrsid15425577 Maori Trustee v Kahuroa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16525077\charrsid15425577  (1956) 75 NZLR 713}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16721734\charrsid15425577 . There the Maori trustee in 1950 leased to the defendant a piece of land for 21 years, but the lease was never registered. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3695611\charrsid15425577 The defendant fel}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1074954\charrsid15425577 l behind with his rent, and the plaintiff purported to re-enter upon the land. Thereafter}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3695611\charrsid15425577  the land was leased to one C, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1074954\charrsid15425577 and that lease was duly registered before the action was begun. Cooke J at page 7}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid668044 2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1074954\charrsid15425577 1 says }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid668044 T}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1074954\charrsid15425577 he pleadings contain no allegation of fraud}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1208126\charrsid15425577 
 on the part of the registered lessee, and counsel admitted at the hearing that such a point was therefore not open to him. In my opinion the position thus is that the registered le}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2694394\charrsid15425577 s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1208126\charrsid15425577 see has the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid668044  protection afford}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1208126\charrsid15425577 ed to a registered propr
ietor by sections 62 and 182 of the Land Transfer Act 1952.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1208126\charrsid15425577 
 Section 62 corresponds with our section 39 which I have already set out with one difference that the exception (b) refers to easements and not to wrong descriptio}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3172069\charrsid15425577 
n. Section 182 corresponds with}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2694394\charrsid15425577  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1208126\charrsid15425577 our}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3172069\charrsid15425577 
 section 40. The third case is }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7219312\charrsid15425577 Sutton v O}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7219312\charrsid15425577 kane}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7219312\charrsid15425577  (1973) 2 NZLR 304}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13370805\charrsid15425577 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3873881\charrsid15425577 
 That case involved a dispute about the existence of a right of way. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5844321\charrsid15425577 W. subdivided a property at the corner of Brown and Rattray Streets in the City of Dunedin into two lot}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8336544\charrsid15425577 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5844321\charrsid15425577 , each of which had a frontage to Rattray Street but only one of which (lot 2) had a frontage to Brown Street.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10561108\charrsid15425577  Because access to Rattray Street from Lot 1 was diffic}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8336544\charrsid15425577 ult, a right of way was shewn (}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10561108\charrsid15425577 delineated over lot 2 and marked }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10561108\charrsid15425577 Right of Way}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10561108\charrsid15425577 ) on the deposited plan whic
h was intended to give access from Lot 1 to Brown Street across the rear portion of lot 2, and a memorial was noted against the title to lot 2 as follows:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid668044  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10561108\charrsid15425577 Subject to the Dunedin City Council}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10561108\charrsid15425577 s conditions of consent to the grant or reserving of a right of way however as are endorsed on deposited plan 11192}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10561108\charrsid15425577 . However no grant of ea}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid668044 sement was ever executed. When L}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10561108\charrsid15425577 
ot 2 was transferred to Sutton the documents made no mention of the right of way, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7896355\charrsid15425577 although Sutton was made aware of its existence orally.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid938916\charrsid15425577  When O}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid938916\charrsid15425577 kane purchased lot 1 he did not lodge any caveat}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11297136\charrsid15425577  to protect his alleged right of way. It was held that the intention of the parties as shewn by the documents was that an easement of right of way would be granted to the plaintiff (O}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11297136\charrsid15425577 kane) and that as the transaction}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid668044 s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11297136\charrsid15425577  between those parties were for valuable consideration and partly performed, an equitable easement of right of way was created. It was held, however, that that equitable easement could 
not prevail against the defendants (Sutton) in the absence of any memorial on the title or any caveat, see in particular the judgment of Richmond J at pages 336-352. This matter was adverted to in Fiji in }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11297136\charrsid15425577 Bhajanlal v Somaraju }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11297136\charrsid668044 Action}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11297136\charrsid15425577 
 7 of 1974 in the judgment delivered on }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8336544\charrsid15425577 1st}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11297136\charrsid15425577 
 July 1976. All of these cases show that the title of the registered proprietor will prevail over an unregistered instrument and therefore there will be an order that the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid668044  d}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5272200\charrsid15425577 o give }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8996973\charrsid15425577 immediate possession to the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid668044 plaintiffs of all th
at the shop}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8996973\charrsid15425577  premises occupied by the defendant being part of the lan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3822624\charrsid15425577 d situated in the Town of Ba an}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8996973\charrsid15425577 d known as lot 3 D.P. 2283 and the whole of the land comprised and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9647235 described in}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13963140\charrsid15425577  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8930928\charrsid15425577 Certificate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13963140\charrsid15425577 
 of Title 9800, and the defendant will also pay the plaintiffs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13963140\charrsid15425577  costs to be taxed or agreed.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10561108\charrsid15425577 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1141155\charrsid15425577 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6161142 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1141155\charrsid15425577 (}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5975731 S}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1141155\charrsid15425577 gd.)}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8930928\charrsid15425577  }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1141155\charrsid15425577 K.A.}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8930928\charrsid15425577  }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1141155\charrsid15425577 Stuart
\par JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1779629 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1141155\charrsid15425577 
\par LAUTOKA
\par 29th May, 1978.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003325\charrsid15425577 
\par }}