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\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid467753 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid467753\charrsid467753 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8419726\charrsid467753 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid467753\charrsid467753 (WESTERN DIVISION)
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid467753\charrsid14374953 AT LAUTOKA
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11107110\charrsid14374953 APPELLATE JURISDICTION}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid467753\charrsid14374953 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8419726 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid467753 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid467753 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid467753 Civil Appeal No. 6 of 1978
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8419726 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid467753 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid467753 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid467753 BETWEEN
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11748463 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid467753 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid467753 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid467753\charrsid467753 STINSON PEARCE CO. LTD}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid467753 .}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid467753\charrsid467753 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid467753 Appellant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11748463 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid467753 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid467753 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid467753 AND
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11748463 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid467753 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid467753 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid467753\charrsid467753 MOHAMMED KHAN & ORS.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid467753 Respondents
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8419726 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid467753 
\par Mr. B.C. Patel, Counsel for the Appellant
\par Mr. M.T. Khan, Counsel for the Respondents
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11748463 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid467753\charrsid11748463 JUDGMENT}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid467753 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11748463 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11748463 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11748463 The appellant Stinson Pearce Ltd. appeals against a default judgment entered against him in the magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348151 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11748463 s court because of a failure to file a defence.
\par 
\par Stinson Pearce Ltd. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13312926 w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11748463 ere sued jointly wit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4524487 h Dennis Frederickson (N.Z}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15422916 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4524487 ) Ltd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15422916 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11748463  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4524487 b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11748463 y the Ba }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4524487 M}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11748463 eats Co.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4524487  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11748463 on a contract relating to the sale and supply of meat from New Zealand which proved to be unfit for}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1597101  consumption on arrival in Fiji. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11748463 According to the Statement of Claim Stinson Pearce Ltd. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4524487 a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11748463 cted throughout as the agents of Dennis Frederickson (N.Z}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15422916 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11748463 ) Ltd.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5593366 Para 3 of the statement}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4540326  of claim alleges that Frederickson Ltd. conducts its Fiji business through Stinson Pearce Ltd}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2190909 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11863121  and para 4 states that in June 1976 the plaintiff ordered $1984.62 of meat from Frederickson through Stinson Pearce Ltd.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11748463 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11863121 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2429967 Para 5 & 6 allege}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11863121  that the meat arrived at Lautoka }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1776397 w}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11863121 harf and was examined in the presence of Stinson Pearce Ltd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348151 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11863121 
s officer and the latter admitted the meat was unfit and the plaintiffs refused to take delivery.
\par 
\par The plaintiff alleges in para 7 that Stinson Pearce Ltd. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3413573 p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11863121 
ersuaded the plaintiffs to pay the meat on the promise that Stinson Pearce Ltd. would arrange for Frederickson Ltd. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3413573 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11863121 o claim from the in}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3413573 surance and refund the money. To}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11863121  date the money has not been refunded and the plaintiff claims it from the principal Frederickson }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2580733 (N.Z.) Ltd. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3413573 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2580733 nd the agent Stinson Pearce Ltd.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11863121 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3413573 
\par There is also a claim for interest at 10% but there is nothing to show that any interest was to be paid by the contracting parties in the event of a breach of contract and therefore that portion of }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3413573\charrsid15610834 clai}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2190909 m c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3413573\charrsid15610834 ould}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3413573  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15610834 not stand. Of course there was no reason why the plaintiff should not claim any damage a
rising from the breach. It was incorrectly allowed in the judgment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3413573 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14372670 
\par The writ was issued on 29th August 1977 and an appearance was entered by Messrs. Stuart, Reddy & Co., solicitors, for both defendants on 7/10/77.
\par 
\par On 12/10/77 the action was first mentioned in the court when the defendants through their solicitors were ordered to file a defence within 21 days.
\par 
\par On 23/11/77 Stuart, Reddy & Co., informed the magistrate that they had erroneously entered a defence for Frederickson}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid149426 
 when they had had no instructions and withdraw the appearance. The learned magistrate observed that Frederickson Ltd. would have to be served out of the jurisdiction. There was also an application by Stinson Pearce Ltd. for further time in which
 to file a defence and time was extended to 15/12/77.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14372670 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid149426 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13001174 On 12/1/78 Stinson Pearce Ltd. had filed no defence and judgment was given for the plaintiff as against Stinson Pearce Ltd.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid149426 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5782447 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2190909 It i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5782447 s against this judgment with Stinson Pearce Ltd. now appeals. There are 
two grounds of appeal, the second of which complains that the judgment is wrong in law that Stinson Pearce Ltd, was simply the agent for a disclosed principal.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9525512 At the hearing of the appeal Mr.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9000574  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9525512 B.C. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11748676 
Patel submitted that in the circumstances the plaintiff c
ould only sue the disclosed principal and that it was incorrect to join the agent who was not and could not be made liable. Therefore judgment could not and should not have been entered against the agent, Stinson Pearce Ltd.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5782447 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11748676 
\par It is obvious from the stateme
nt of claim that there were only two parties to the contract namely the plaintiff and Frederickson Ltd. Although the contract was made through the agent, i.e. Stinson Pearce Ltd., the latter is not, in my view liable upon it. Thus if the meat was not deli
vered the plaintiff would have had to sue Frederickson Ltd. and not Stinson Pearce Ltd. for any damage the plaintiff may have suffered. On the face of it the plaintiff was not justified in suing the agent of the dis}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4266283 c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11748676 losed principal, unless of course}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15275601  he can 
introduce some specific kind of arrangement revealing that the agent assumed som}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3233147 e obligation or responsibility i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15275601 
n return for the plaintiff paying for the bad meat.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11748676 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15275601 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12059338 The contract was one for the supply of good meat and the plaintiff was not liable to pay for the bad meat which was delivered. Mr. M.T. Khan argued that the plaintiff was induced by the agent}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348151 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12059338 
s representations to pay for the bad meat. He says that the payment did not arise from an ordinary contract between a third party and an agent and that it was only because of the agent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348151 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12059338 s undertaking that the plaintiff paid.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12482556  It may seem strange that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1211565 the plaintiff should pay for}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12482556  bad meat but para 7 of the statement of claim reveals that it was to ena
ble the meat to be cleared from the customs area. There could be other reasons e.g. the risk may have passed to the plaintiff under the contract, although the statement of claim makes no reference to whether this was and f.o.b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid924742 . or c.i.f. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12482556 contract}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1211565 . }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12482556 It is }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1211565 as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12482556 well to set out para 7 of the statement of claim which reads as foll}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3898458 o}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12482556 ws:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15275601 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12482556 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12482556 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12482556 7. That the second named defendant (}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1211565 Stinson Pearce Ltd.) persuaded }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12482556 the plaintiffs to pay for the said meat}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193678 
 and have the same cleared from the customs at Lautoka, upon the express u
ndertaking that since the goods in question were insured, the second defendant will make arrangements with the first defendant (Frederickson) and the insurance company for the payment of the value of the goods.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348151 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193678 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13334357 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13334357 
\par There was not, in my view, any special obligation assumed by the agent outside the limit of his authority. He was simply stating that if the plaintiff paid he would persuade the principal to refund the money to the plaintiff.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16007543  The so called undertaking amounted to no more than that the agent would ask the principal to arrange for the plaintiff to be paid from the proceeds of some insurance policy. The statement}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6640492  of claim does not allege that the plaintiff had any right to reject the goods and that he }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1211565 relinquished}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6640492  that right as a result of any guarantee from Stinson Pearce Ltd. that he would in fact be re-imbursed.
\par 
\par There is no suggestion that the agent said that if his princip}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1211565 al did not refund the money then}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6640492  the agent would do so.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13334357 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6640492 
\par I cannot accede to Mr.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid924742  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6640492 M.T. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3617656 Kha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6640492 n}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348151 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6640492 
s submission that there was something in the arrangement which went beyond the ordinary contract between a third party and a fully disclosed principal.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3624877 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12020703 To}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3624877  say the least the action against the agent was premature. If when he is served the principal raises 
matters in his defence which reject liability on the ground that the agent acted beyond the scope of his ostensible authority then the plaintiff may consider}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12020703 
 joining the agent. However if the principal has accepted the $1984.62 paid to his agent it would seem to be unlikely that he would also reject the agent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348151 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12020703 s authority.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3624877\charrsid11748463 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8419726 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16007543 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14244964 The appeal is allowed. The judgment in the magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348151 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14244964 
s court is set aside. The respondent will pay the appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348151 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14244964 s costs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3617656 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16007543 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14244964 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4992591 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14244964\charrsid4992591 (Sgd.) J.T. Williams
\par JUDGE}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14244964 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8419726 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4992591 
\par LAUTOKA,
\par 7th July, 1978}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13990774 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11087364\charrsid8419726 
\par }}