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{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13119967 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3212166 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13119967 \par (}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13119967\charrsid13119967 WESTERN DIVISION)}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13119967 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8853851 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13119967\charrsid16327181 AT LAUTOKA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666945\charrsid16327181 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4666945 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8853851\charrsid16327181 APPELLATE JURISDICTION}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13119967\charrsid16327181 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8853851 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8853851\charrsid4666945 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13119967 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13119967 Criminal Appeal No. 8 of 1978 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13119967 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13119967 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13119967 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13119967 BETWEEN \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13119967 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13119967 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13119967 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13119967\charrsid11805239 ABDUL SAFIQ}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16327181 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13119967 s/o Raj Mohammed \par Appellant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13119967 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13119967 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13119967 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13119967 AND \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13119967 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13119967 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13119967 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13119967\charrsid11805239 REGINAM \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13119967 Respondent \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6690416 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6690416 \par Mr. J.R. Singh, Counsel for the Appellant \par Mr. D. Williams, Counsel for the Respondent \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14110684 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6690416\charrsid14110684 JUDGMENT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6690416 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6690416 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14110684 The appellant was one of 3 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3212166 accuseds}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14110684 charged with cattle stealing. Only the appellant was convicted. He was accused 3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3212166 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6690416 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14110684 \par Ground one of the appeal complains that the appellant was not positively identified in Court. However the record shows he was referred to by the witnesses as accused 3, and by name. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16258195 They all gave unsworn statements and the learned magistrate properly recorded the statements under the name of each accused as well as by his position in the dock. This ground is quite insupportable.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14110684 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7997890 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16281708\charrsid15345250 Ground two alleges that the learned magistrate erred in accepting the uncorroborated identification of the appellant by P.W.1, the complainant.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14510949\charrsid15345250 The latter said that he had known all the three accuseds for a long time, in fact from childhood and that they were neighbours. Thus this was not a matter of identification but of recognition.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3212166 He said that he saw them in his}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14510949\charrsid15345250 compound by the light of his touch }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8146015\charrsid15345250 which he shone through a }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3212166\charrsid15345250 louvered}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8146015\charrsid15345250 window. Having been dis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10117332\charrsid15345250 turbed by the b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8146015\charrsid15345250 arking}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10117332\charrsid15345250 of his dogs he had opened the door but was stone}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16327181 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10117332\charrsid15345250 and had to close it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid481264\charrsid15345250 Then he went to the window and shone his torch which had new batteries and gave a good light. He described the position of each of the accused who at that time were grouped together and about 10 yrds. }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7824607 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid481264\charrsid15345250 way}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7824607 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12534671\charrsid15345250 He gave the alarm by calling thieves and then dodged below the window level, no doubt because of the stones. When he again looked through the window and again shone his torch he saw accuseds 2 & 3 on his }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7548382\charrsid15345250 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4087392\charrsid15345250 complainant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3212166 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4087392\charrsid15345250 s) horse and accused 1, was leading away a calf. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7548382\charrsid15345250 To my mind the description of the intruders}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3212166 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7548382\charrsid15345250 movements coupled with a distinct reference to each accused personally indicated a competent recognition of each accused if the witnesses were credible. P.W.1 and his brother armed themselves and ran outside whereupon accused 1 released the calf and moun ted his own horse whilst accuseds 2 & 3 galloped away on the P.W.1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3212166 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7548382\charrsid15345250 s horse.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3370358\charrsid15345250 Once again P.W.1 gave an account of the separate movements of each accused which would be difficult to recollect unless he recognised them.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15345250 He was not looking for the first time and in the light of a torch at strangers when he had never seen before. He was not comparing accused persons in the dock with }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12191828 the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15345250 recollection of some image he had forced some months before hand. He saw three men that night whom he claimed to have known from childhood. He would not have to describe the intruders to the police but simply tell the police who the intruders were.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7997890 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8259377 \par P.W.2, complainant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3212166 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8259377 s brother who lives in the same house said that he saw three intruders in the light of the }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16144707 torch}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8259377 but he did not recognise them. The appellant argues that this makes P.W.1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3212166 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8259377 s credibility suspect because P.W.2 had the same opportunity as P.W.1 and if he failed to recognise the accuseds or any of them it is doubtful that P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3964303 .W.1 should have been able to do so.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8259377 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3964303 \par However, the combined evidence of P.W}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3212166 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3964303 s 1&}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16144707 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3964303 2 shows}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7747272 that P.W.2 did not have the sam}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3964303 e opportunity of recognising the intruders as P.W.1. The latter had shone the torch through the window at the culprits when they were only 10 yds. away and he had already recognised them b efore his cries of alarm brought P.W.2 to his side. Then P.W.1 dodged below the window and kept giving the alarm of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16562 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3964303 thief}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16562 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3964303 or }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16562 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3964303 thieves}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16562 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3964303 . When he looked up and shone his torch again it is clear that his cries of alarm had }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12191828 had }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3964303 some effect and the thieves were not in the same position}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7229643 . Two were already on horseback and accused 1 was ge}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7747272 tting on to his horse which was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7229643 tethered some distance away. It was in these latter circumstances that P.W.2 saw }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12191828 the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7229643 culprits in the light of a torch which was being directed not by himself but by P.W.1. In my view it is not su}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7747272 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7229643 prising that in these circumstances P.W.2 did not recognise any of the culprits and that P.W.1 claimed to have recognised}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7747272 them all.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3964303 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7747272 \par Corroboration is not required of witness who recognises the culprit as a person whom he knows }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12191828 very }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7747272 well. \par \par Ground 2 fails}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16144707 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7747272 \par \par Ground 3 alleges that P.W.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3212166 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7747272 s 1 & 2 contradicted each other in material particulars. The instances quoted by the appellant can scarcely deserve the term contradictions and do not amount in any way to material contradictions. \par \par Ground 4 is that the learned magistrate failed to direct himself that the prosecution must prove its case beyond reasonable doubt.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10443021 It is to be regretted that the appellants persist in putting f orward this ground. It is n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4746681 ot necessary for the magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10443021 to record that he so directed himself}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13909668 . His judgment }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14700922 is not a summing-up instructing persons who are ignorant of the law of the way in which to approach and analyse the evidence. He is aware of the law. It if from his judgment in which he analyses the evidence an}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6314497 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14700922 states h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4746681 is findings thereon that one ma}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14700922 y ascertain whether or not he has followed the law. There is nothing in the learned magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3212166 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14700922 s judgment which suggests that he did not have in mind the standard of proof required for maintaining a conviction. Ground 4 does not, as worded, constitute a ground of appeal.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7747272 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7548382 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9448041 Ground 5 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14102993 alleges that the appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3212166 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14102993 s conviction cannot be supported on the evidence. Some of the arguments put forward on this ground I have dealt with (supra).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7548382 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14102993 \par There is nothing in the judgment which suggests that the magistrate was influenced by the fact that a week before hand he had convicted the appellant for cattle stealing and there was no ground for the appellant to argue that this might be so. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3418641 \par The learned magistrate said he was not satisfied that P.W.1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3212166 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3418641 s recognition of accuseds 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3226193 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3418641 & 2 could be relied upon because P.W.1 was viewing 3 persons in the light of one torch and would probably concentrate on only one of them. On the contrary P.W.1 described the position of each accus}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid928644 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3418641 d on each occasion that he flashed his torch and indicated his recogni}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6102324 tion of each one and described what each accused was doing on each occasion. He called out the name of Accused 3, Shafique, which P.W.2 heard and the magistrate regarded this as showing that P.W.1 recognised the accused 3.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3418641 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid928644 \par It is argued by the appellant that if the magistrate was dubious about P.W.1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3212166 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid928644 s recognition of accused}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3226193 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid928644 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3226193 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid928644 &}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8261910 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid928644 2 then he should have similar doubts about the recognition of accused 3. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid663824 \par The magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3212166 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid663824 s reasoning is somewhat difficult to follow in view of P.W.1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3212166 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid663824 s positive evidence that he recognised not only accused 3 but accuseds 1 & 2, and his ability to describe their separate movements and of their modes of departure on horse-back. The magistrate did not doubt P.W.1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3212166 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid663824 s veracity in any way. In my view the magistrate was justified in accepting P.W.1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3212166 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid663824 s recognition of accused 3 and I think accuseds 1 & 2 were very fortunate that the magistrate professed doubt regarding the accuracy of their recognition by P.W.1. \par \par The appeal against conviction is dismissed. \par \par The Crown have contended that the sentence of 2 years is too low having regard to the accused}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3212166 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid663824 s antecedents. However, it is being served consec}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid276851 utively to a term of 16 months, also for cattle stealing. I think that 3 years and 4 months for the two offences is sufficiently appropriate.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid663824 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid276851 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid276851 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid276851\charrsid276851 (Sgd.) J.T. Williams \par JUDGE}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid276851 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6690416 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid276851 \par LAUTOKA, \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8261910 14th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid276851 April, 1978. \par \par Messrs. Sharma, Singh & Co., for the Appellant \par Director of Public }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2246649 Prosecutions for the Respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid276851 \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8261910 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid276851 Date of Hearing: }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid284265 30th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid276851 March, 1978.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13768890\charrsid13768890 \par }}