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\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082\charrsid14837082 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI
\par }{\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15736166 APPELLATE JURISDICTION}{\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082\charrsid15736166 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14837082 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082\charrsid15736166 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14837082 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082\charrsid15736166 Criminal Appeal No. 87 of 1978
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14837082 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7808100 BETWEEN}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14837082 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14837082 {\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082\charrsid14837082 TEVITA ROKO
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14837082 {\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082\charrsid14837082 REGINAM
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14837082 {\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082\charrsid14837082 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13261387 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082 
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387 This is an appeal against the conviction of the appellant by Suva Magistrates Court on the 25th August 1978}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126752  of demanding 
}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387 wit}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126752 h menaces contrary to sec}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387 
tion 328 of the Penal Code.
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082 
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387 The facts are that on the evening of the 30th June 1978 the complainant with his family was w}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126752 
alking to his home when he came}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387  across three m}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9330169 en drinking liquor under a tree,}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387  one of whom was the appellant. The other two men stood up and came towards the complainant, and while one of them warned his family not to call out the other one demanded}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126752  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387 fifty cents from him. During the whole of the incident the appellant remained seated
 on the ground with a bottle of beer and a glass and took no part in the affair.}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13261387\charrsid13261387  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126752 The appellant and }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387 the complainant had known each other since they were children and the complainant was quite specific that the appellant was in}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126752 no way involved and did nothing}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387 .}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13261387\charrsid13261387  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387 When interviewed by the police}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082  }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387 the appellant frankly admitted what had occurred.}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13261387\charrsid13261387  }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387 He stated}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126752 that he knew his}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387  companions were breaking the law but did not stop the}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126752 m as he was very drunk, that he}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387  took no part in the i}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126752 ncident, and that subsequently }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387 he went and bought beer wit}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15736166 h the money which the other two}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387  had unlawfully obtained from the complainant.
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082 
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126752 The trial Magistrate}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387  accepted that the appellant}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082  }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387 had taken no part in the incident and that he had not stopped the other two from committing the offence becau
se he was very drunk, but found that his presence at the scene, doing nothing, added to the atmosphere of fear and intimidation required to persuad}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14099238 e the complainant to part with }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387 his money and convicted him on that basis.
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082 
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid4089129 By virtue of section 21 and section 22 of the Penal Code, if a person commits an offence, and another person is present, that is to say near}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11627966\charrsid4089129  enough to give assistance even}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid4089129  though he is some considerable distance from the actual scene of the cri}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4089129\charrsid4089129 me, and does give assistance or }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid4089129 encouragement; or is}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082\charrsid4089129  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid4089129 
present in pursuance of an agreement that the offence should be committed, he is equally guilty of the offence.}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13261387\charrsid4089129  }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4089129\charrsid4089129 However }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid4089129 a}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082\charrsid4089129  }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid4089129 person is not guilty merely because he is present at the scene of a crime, without any agreement that the crime should be}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082\charrsid4089129  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid4089129 committed and without any active assistance or encouragement}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082\charrsid4089129  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid4089129 on his part.}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13261387\charrsid4089129  }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid4089129 Further, the fact that a person witnesses an}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4089129\charrsid4089129  }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid4089129 offence being committed }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4089129\charrsid4089129 and takes no steps to prevent it}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid4089129  does}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082\charrsid4089129  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4089129\charrsid4089129 not, per se, make }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid4089129 him a party to that offence, although if the of}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4089129\charrsid4089129 fence committed is a felony he }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid4089129 may be charged with the misdemeanour of neglecting to prevent a felony contrary to }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082\charrsid4089129 sec}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid4089129 tio}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082\charrsid4089129 n }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid4089129 419 of the}{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13261387\charrsid4089129  }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082\charrsid4089129 Penal Code.}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid4089129 
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387 
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11627966 On the}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387  facts of this c}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11627966 ase the trial Magistrate made }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387 no finding that the appellant }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11627966 was present in pursuance of an }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387 agreement that the offence should be committed and it is quite clear that the appellant did nothing to aid and abet the commission of the offence.
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082 
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387 Consequently, while he could have been charged with}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082  }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387 neglecting to prevent a felony, his conviction for demanding with menaces cannot stand.
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11627966 
\par }{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387 The conviction is quashed and the sentence set}{\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14837082  }{
\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387 aside.
\par }{\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid4089129 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4089129 {\b\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid4089129 Chief Justice
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13261387 {\fs24\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823593\charrsid13261387 Suva,
\par 10th November 1978.
\par }}