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\f2\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524\charrsid1642524 IN }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI
\par }{\b\caps\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 Appellate Jurisdiction
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1642524 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524\charrsid1642524 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1642524 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 Criminal Appeal No. 111 of 1977
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1642524 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524\charrsid1642524 KISHORE NAND
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 s/o}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524\charrsid1642524  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 Nand Lal
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524\charrsid1642524 Appellant}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1642524 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 v}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 .
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1642524 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 REGINAM
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524\charrsid1642524 Respondent}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1642524 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1642524 {\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 The appellant was convicted by the Magistrate}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
s Court Suva of driving a motor vehicle while under the influence of liquor contrary to section 39(1) of the Traffic Ordinance and was fined $75, in default three months}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 '}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524  imprisonment. In addition, he was disqualified from holding or obtaining a driving licence for 12 mouths.
\par 
\par The appellant appeals against his conviction on the following grounds:
\par 
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\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 THAT}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid13714765  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
the learned Magistrate failed to consider the evidence of P.W.2 and P.W.3 in contrast to the evidence given by P.W.1 and therefore there is a miscarriage of justice.
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\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13714765 {\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid13714765 2. THAT}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524  the learned Magistrate by saying that }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
he gave the Court no explanation as to why he drove as described by P.W.1}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765  he shifted the onus of p}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 roof }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765 o}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 n the defendant and therefore was wrong in law.

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\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13714765 {\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid13714765 3. THE}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
 learned Magistrate erred in}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765  law }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 and facts in convicting the}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 defendant of driving under the}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765  i}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
nfluence of liquor when there was}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 insufficient evidence to convict him}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765  
}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 of the offence.
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\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13714765 {\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid13714765 4. THE}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid13714765  verdict is harsh and }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 unreasonable}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765 ."}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1642524 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
\par Evidence of the appellant}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 s arrest was given by Cpl. Antonio of the Police Mobile Force Nasinu. He, in a police land}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765 rover,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524  was behind a truck driven by the appellant a little after Midnight. The truck}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
s indicators showed that it was going to turn into Munia Street. It did not. It later swerved from the right hand side of the road to the left, and turned right into Ono Street where it was stopped by the landrover. Altogether}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765 ,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524  the landrover had followed the truck for about two chains. When the appellant came out of the truck he staggered and sme}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765 lt of liquor. Cpl. Antonio said:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
\par 
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He was immediately put into}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 landrover and taken to Central}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 Police Station. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765 I}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524  arrested the}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 accused for drunken driving. He}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 smelt\tab of liquor, his eyes were red}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
and he was staggering. That is the}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765  driver in Court. L}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 ater I handed}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 accused to traffic officer.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1642524 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13714765 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 Cpl. Antonio admitted that it was a }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765 d}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 ark}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 night.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1642524 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
\par Const. Chand was the traffic officer who received the appellant some ten minutes afterw}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765 ards from Cpl. Antonio. He said:
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 When I first received accused}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 from P.W.1 he appeared quite normal.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
His breath smelled of liquor. He was
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13714765 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 correct in walking}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765 ."}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1642524 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765 In cross-}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 examination he said,
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13714765 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 Yes, }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765 I}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524  spoke to accused in the}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 Hindi}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 language.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 He was coherent.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1642524 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13714765 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 He was in my custody about 15 minutes until I handed to another police constable.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1642524 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13714765 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 He behaved himself. Gave no}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 trouble.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1642524 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13714765 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 Yes, accused had control of himself in walking.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1642524 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13714765 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 Accused did whatever I said.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1642524 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765 The appellant was, with}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
 his consent, taken to the hospital for medical examination. That is where the prosecution found themselves }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765 in s}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
erious difficulty. The doctor who examined him was still doing his internship and his evidence in Court proved to be }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765 e}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
xtremely unhelpful. He could not recall any of the details of the examination he conducted. The purpose of the examination, he said, was to eliminate the possibility of any disease that the appellant might have been suffering
 from. He apparently gave him some tests but said that those tests could be performed just as satisfactorily by a drunken person as by a normal person.
\par 
\par Learned Counsel for the respondent concedes that the learned Magistrate was quite right }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765 in disregarding that evidence and}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
 placing no reliance on it at all.
\par 
\par That, however left the Court with the evidence only of the two lay police officers on which to assess the appellant}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765 
s condition that night. One h}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 ad followed his truck for two chains and when the appellant had come out of the truck he had taken him }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 immediately}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524  into the landrover. There is no evidence of anything out of the way occurring in the landrover during th}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid12721060 
e journey to the police Station.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
\par 
\par The other officer had observed him for fifteen minutes at the police Station.
\par 
\par The first officer had found his driving erratic and when he had come out he had }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 staggered}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
. The second officer found him quite normal both in speech and in his physical movements. Both had found smell of liquor on his breath. Both were prosecution witnesses put forward by them as witnesses of truth.
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid12721060 L}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 earned Counsel for the respondent attempted to explain this conflict of evidence by submitting that
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12721060 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 P.W.2}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 s evidence relates to a time when perhaps appellant was shocked into reality.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1642524 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
\par It is difficult to see what the submission means unless it amounts to a concession that only a few minutes after the arrest the conduct of the appellant was that of a normal person.
\par 
\par It may well be that neither of the two officers considered it necessary to observe the appellant}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
s behaviour over any length of time under any specific conditions because they knew that, in the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid12721060 normal }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
course of things, he would be examined by a doctor who would provide the expert}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid12721060  evidence. Where such evidence i}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 s produced and f
ails altogether}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid12721060 ,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524  what should a court do? It should in my v}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid12721060 
iew, before convicting a person,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
 satisfy itself that the evidence of observations carried out by lay witnesses is so ample and of such a compelling quality that it must inevitably point to guilt. Wh
at is sufficient reason for an arrest in such cases may not be sufficient proof for a conviction.
\par 
\par Here, Cpl. Antonio}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 s observation of the appellant at Ono Street lasted a fleeting }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid12721060 minute }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 or two in the dark. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid12721060 
Const. Chand had the appellant i}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 n his custody for fifteen minutes or so and found him quite normal. There is no other evidence of any observations of the appellant}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 s physical movements. Learned Magistrate was quite entitled to hold that the appellant}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 s driving over a stretch of 2 chains was erratic}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid12721060 ,}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524  but that does not necessarily point to impairment of driving capacity through drink.
\par 
\par When charged with this offence some ten hours after his arrest the appellant did admit that he had had so}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015 me gin with another person the p}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 revious evening but as he said. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 hal}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015 f-}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 bottle only}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 . Nothing was asked or said about the time when this drink was taken, that is}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015 ,}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524  how many minutes or hours before the arrest. In the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid14749015 circums}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 tances no definite inference as to the appellant}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
s state at the time of his arrest may be drawn. The medical evidence which may have assisted the Court in this regard was found completely unreliable.
\par 
\par This Court is in complete sympathy with the exasperation felt by the learned Magistrate with the medical evidence and the comments he }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015 made on it are well-}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 deserved. He must have felt, }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015 as indeed this Court does, that}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524  often such evidence cannot but result in the acquittal of guilty persons who are a menace to other road users.
\par 
\par That does not, however, alter the fact that once the medical evidence in this case is completely excluded all that remains is cursory observations of the appellant by two police officers one of whom saw him }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 stagger}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524  the other found him walking quite normally.
\par 
\par On such evidence I do not consider the inference of guilt drawn by the learned Magistrate was the only possible reasonable inference.
\par 
\par In coming to this inference the learned Magistrate said,
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14749015 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015 M}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 y view, from a totality of}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 the evidence is that the 
prosecution}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 has discharged the onus of proof upon}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 it.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1642524 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015 H}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 e then described the erratic behaviour of the truck and referred to the appellant}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 s charge statement in which he had}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015  admitted drinking gin earlier i}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 n the evening. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015 F}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 rom this he found that the appellant was 
}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 so under the influence of liquor as to be incapable of having proper control of his vehicle}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 .
\par 
\par He}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015  then, however, went on to say -}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14749015 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015 "In reaching this decision I make it clear that I}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524  rely solely on}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 P.W.1}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 s evidence.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1642524 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
\par It is difficult to reconcile this statement with the earlier one in which }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015 h}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 e suggests that his finding
 is based on the totality of evidence. In coming to his finding of appellant}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
s guilt he would appear to have totally ignored the evidence of Const. Chand, without giving any reasons for it.
\par 
\par Erratic behaviour of a vehicle may be taken into consideration but the main task of the Court is to determine the condition of the driver himself. As was said with approval in }{\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid14749015 R. 
}{\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 v. Davies }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 (1962 3 All E.R. 97 at 98):
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14749015 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
In determining the fitness or}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 otherwise of the [appellant] to drive,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 the facts of the accident may be taken}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
into consideration so far as relevant}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 but only if the court is sure that the}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 accident was caused by the [appellant}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 '}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 s]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 condition.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1642524 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015 In this case i}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 f one takes away the medical evidence and the erratic behaviour of the truck, not much remains except
 the conflicting evidence of the two police officers, both lay men.
\par 
\par In my view this trial should have stopped as soon as it became clear that the medical evidence could add nothin}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015 g to the prosecution case; this}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524  despite any lingering doubt in the learned Magistrate}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 s }
{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015 mind}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid14749015  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 that a guilty }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid14749015 man }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015 was probably going to be se}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 t free.
\par 
\par This Court always hesitates to interfere with a trial Court}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid1642524 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 s fin}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14749015 
dings of fact but, in this case,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524  I have reluctantly come to the conclusion that the inference of guilt drawn from such conflicting evidence was not the proper inference.
\par 
\par The appeal is allowed and the sentence is set aside. So is the order of disqualification. The fine, if paid, shall be refunded to the appellant.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14749015 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid14749015 G. Mishra
\par JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1642524 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13714765\charrsid1642524 
\par Suva,
\par 28th October 1977
\par }}