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\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13705012\charrsid13705012 VIJAY SINGH}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13705012  }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13705012\charrsid7753301 alias}{
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\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13705012 s/o Jalim }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12270250\charrsid12270250 Singh
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ant
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13705012 G.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12270250\charrsid12270250 P. Shank}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13705012 ar, Counsel for the Respondents}{
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\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13705012 Vijay Singh and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4790537 one }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13705012 Raman }{
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\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12270250\charrsid12270250 charged}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13705012  for robbery with violence and both pleaded Not Guilty before a magistrate on }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12270250\charrsid12270250 1/3/76}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13705012 .
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After the case had been mentioned 15 times a hearing date was fixed for 28/4/77 when the prosecution added an alternative charge for larceny from the person to which both accuseds pleaded guilty.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7220845 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7220845 They were represented by Mr. Sahu Khan and on this appeal b
y Mr. G.P.Shankar. The latter raised a preliminary point on a matter of procedure which would have determined, the appeal proceedings had it been successful. A separate ruling thereon is attached to this judgment.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7220845 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7220845 The appeal was brought by the D.P.P.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4675807  who complained 
that the sentence of 18 months imprisonment suspended for 2 years imposed upon Vijay Singh was too lenient, and that the magistrate\rquote s decision not to activate a suspended sentence of 9 months imprisonment 
which was extant when the offence of larceny from the person was committed was wrong in principle.
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4675807 The accused Raman was sentenced to 12 months imprisonment 
for 2 years but the D.P.P lodged no appeal in connection with that sentence. The offence is a serious }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7745878 one and I therefore directed that Raman should appear during this appeal 
and show cause why his sentence should not be reviewed. He was, in effect, joined as a respondent to the appeal and Mr. G.P. Shankar appeared for them both when the trial named following the aforementioned ruling.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4675807 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7220845 The facts are that the tw}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16544281 
o accuseds and the complainant we}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7220845 re drinking with others in a club when quarrel arose in connection with Hindu religious ethics. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8989130 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7220845\charrsid8989130 The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8479187\charrsid8989130 accused}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7220845\charrsid8989130  Vijay Singh }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2966369\charrsid8989130 and Raman were }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8479187\charrsid8989130 threatened to punch the complainant and then told his co-acc}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8989130 used Raman to take $20.00 from c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8479187\charrsid8989130 omplainant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582\charrsid8989130 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8479187\charrsid8989130 s pocket whilst Vijay Singh held him by his shirt. When the money had been appropriated the complainant fled and he reported the matter to the police.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7220845\charrsid8989130 
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Larceny from the person has always been regarded, in my experience, as a serious offence usually meriting immediate imprisonment. The degree of force used in this case is a disturbing feature when one considers tha
t the aggressors were professional wrestlers. Therefore I called upon the accused Raman to appear on the question of sentence.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8479187 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8479187 This offence was analogous to what unpleasant offence known as }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8479187 mugging}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8479187 
 and which the Court of Appeal regards as falling short of robbery in that it is spontaneous rather than something deliberately planned. Violence was used to obtain the complainant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8479187 s $20.00 but I think that the magistrate rightly accepted the alternative count of larceny from the person under S.303 of P.C. which attracts a maximum sentence of 14 years imprisonment.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8479187 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8479187 
In my view the sentences of 18 months and 12 months imposed by the learned magistrate were not excessive. Although Vijay Singh has previous convictions for dishonesty and for violence I would not say that the sentence of 18 months was excessively }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3814952 lenient but reasons which appear hereinafter I feel it should not have been suspended.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8479187 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3814952 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3814952 
I turned now to the complaint that the magistrate erred in not activating the sentence of 9 months imprisonment which had been imposed on Vijay Singh and suspended for 12 months.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3814952 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3814952 
On 3.9.75 for assault occasioning actual bodily harm contrary to S.227 P.C., he was sentenced to 9 months imprisonment suspended for 12 months. The offence in this appeal was committed on 16/2/76 
less than 6 months after the suspended sentence had been imposed. The magistrate observed that the offences were in different categories and therefore he need not activate the suspended sentence. I propose to review such principles as appear to have emerg
ed in relation to the activating of suspended sentences in the past few years.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3814952 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3814952 
The approach to this question is considered by D.A. Thomas in Principles of Sentencing at p. 226 where he succinctly sets out the provisions of S.28B of our P.C. which is taken from the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13258246 
English law in regard to the activation of sentences. He says,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3814952 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13258246 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7753301 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "Where the court \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85 }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13258246 is satisfied that the offender has }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 been convicted \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13258246 
during the operational period of a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 suspended sentence, \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13258246 it }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid933405 
\'93 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13258246 must take one}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301  of four courses; \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85 ."}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13258246 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13258246 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13258246 Those courses are set out in S. 28B P.C. which reads:-}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13705012 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13258246 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7753301 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13258246 
28B. (1) Where an offender is convicted of an offence punishable with imprisonment committed during the operational period of a suspended sentence and either he was convic
ted by or before a court having power under the supervisions of the next succeeding section to deal with him in respect of the suspended sentence or who subsequently appears or is brought before a court, then, unless the sentence has already taken effect,
 that court shall consider his case and deal with him by one of the following methods:-
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5531400 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12811582 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 (a) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16211466 
the court may order that the suspended sentence shall take effect with the original term unaltered;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13258246 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16211466 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12811582 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 (b) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16211466 
it may order that the sentence shall take effect with the substitution of a lesser term for the original term;
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16211466 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12811582 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 (c) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16211466 
it may by order vary the original order made under the provisions for subsection (1) of the last preceding section by substituting for the period specified therein a period expiring not later than three years from the date of the variation; or
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16211466 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12811582 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 (d) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16211466 
it may make any order with respect to the suspended sentence, and a court shall make an order under paragraph (a) of this sub}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2248658 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16211466 
section unless the cou
rt is of opinion that it would be unjust to do so in view of all the circumstances which have arisen since the suspended sentences was passed, including the facts of the subsequent, offence and, where it is of that opinion, the court shall state its reaso
ns.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16211466 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16211466 
(2) Where a court orders that a suspended sentence shall take effect with or without any variation of the original term, the court may order that that sentence shall take effect immediately or that the term thereof shall commence on the expiry of anoth
er term of the imprisonment passed on the offender by that or any other court.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5531400 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5531400 
(3) For the purpose of any written law conferring rights of appeal in criminal cases, any order made by a court under the provisions of subsection (1) of this section shall be 
treated as a sentence passed on the offender by that court for the offence for which the suspended sentence was passed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13258246 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13258246 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5531400 In note 3 to p. 226 the learned author says,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13258246 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5531400 
The Court of Appeal has stated that enforcement of the sentence (i.e. activation of a suspended sentence) is the normal and proper course except in exceptional circumstances, by the court may consider }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11405243 as unjust the activation of a suspended sentence where the new offence is comparatively trivial and where it is in a different category from that for which the suspended sentence was imposed.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5531400 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13258246 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11405243 
Those remarks simply follow the terms of S. 28B (1)(d) P.C. If the court makes an order under paras (b) (c) or (d), that is to say an order which does not activate or fully activate the suspended sentence
 it must give reasons showing why it would be unjust to activate it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13258246 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11405243 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11405243 In Vijay Singh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11405243 s case the magistrate did not activate the suspended sentence by he gave}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4350284  no}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11405243 
 reasons why it would be unjust to do so. He simply said that the offence (larceny from the person)
 for which he had convicted the accused was not in the same category as the offence (assault occasioning actual bodily harm) for which the suspended sentence had been imposed, and therefore }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11405243 heed not}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11405243  activate the suspended sentence. I am sure the learned 
magistrate will agree that this is not the same as saying that it would be unjust to activate it.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11405243 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11405243 One accepts that when a magistrate imposes a sentence of imprisonment}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7292011 , albeit suspended, it has been merited. English courts have laid down, and this has bee
n followed in Fiji, that in assessing a term of imprisonment the magistrate must not take into account the fact that he intends to suspend it. Thus he must make the term longer because it is to be suspended and may never be activated. The length of the te
r
m imposed should be that which the magistrate genuinely feels is proper for that offence having regard to all the factors which he must consider. Where a magistrate imposes a suspended sentence the Ordinance requires that the accused should be told that i
f
 he commits any other offence meriting imprisonment he is liable to serve the suspended term in addition to any other term. Such a statutory provision suggests that they must be some compelling reason why the suspended sentence should not be activated fol
lowing a subsequent conviction for an offence meriting imprisonment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11405243 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7292011 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7292011 
Recently the Court of Appeal, Cr. Divn., indicated the mode in which an accused should be addressed when receiving a suspended sentence. In }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7292011\charrsid7292011 R v Holdsworth,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7292011  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4919192 reported (for other reasons) in
 The Times, Wed. Jun. 22nd 1977, Wein J. said to an appellant, who had been convicted of indecent assault, when reducing the sentence imposed by the Crown Court:-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7292011 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4919192 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12811582 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4919192 The substituted sentence of 6 months }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6703890 
imprisonment suspended for 2 years means that if at any time during the next 2 years you commit any other offence of any other kind, you will be liable to be punished, not only for that offence, but for this offence for which the 6 months imprisonment was
 imposed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4919192 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6703890 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6703890 The learned magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6703890 s opinion that because the offences were in different categories }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6703890 he need not}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6703890  activate the suspended sentence contrasts with the words of Wien J., who said }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 if \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6703890 you commit any other offence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582  of any other kind \'85\'85\'85
\'85\'85\'85. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6703890 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6703890  He did not say if you commit any other offence of similar category}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6703890 .
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14315132 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8529172 
There seems to be an impression in Fiji that where an accused already under a suspended sentence is subsequently convicted of a totally different offence, no matter how serious, th
en the suspended sentence should not be activated. The words of the Court of Appeal in Holdsworth}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8529172 
s case (supra) make it apparent that the subsequent offence need not be similar before the suspended sentence is activated; but an offence of any other kind is sufficient.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11405243 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8529172 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8529172 Maybe the magistrate had in mind the judgment of the learned Chief Justice in }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8529172\charrsid12811582 URAIA TUKANA v R. Cr. Appeal}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8529172\charrsid10976887  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8529172\charrsid12811582 
(Suva) 105/73,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8529172  which I think has been misunderstood by some magistrates. In that case an accused under a 12 month suspended sentence for larceny was subsequently convicted }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2165349 for gross indecency with a male and the magistrate activated the suspended sentence for larceny but then imposed a suspended sentence of 9 months for the gross indecency.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8529172 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2165349 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2165349 The learned Chief Justice started that the mag
istrate had erred in imposing a suspended sentence upon a person who was at the same time being sentenced to immediate imprisonment. It has been held for obvious reasons that a sentence of immediate imprisonment and a suspended sentence should not be impo
s
ed at the same time. The purpose of a suspended sentence is to keep an offender out of prison to enable him to reform under the sanction of immediate imprisonment if he fails. That purpose cannot be achieved if the offender is in prison during the period 
of suspicion. The learned Chief Justice also said:-
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2165349 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12811582 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2165349 
In the second place, the new offence being of a sexual nature is entirely out of character with the appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2165349 
s previous criminal activity, a factor which should have been taken into consideration- }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2165349\charrsid12811582 R v. Woods}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2165349\charrsid10976887  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2165349\charrsid12811582 (1962) Cr. L.R.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2165349\charrsid12811582 646}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301\charrsid12811582 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2165349\charrsid12811582 .
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2165349 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2165349 
The Chief Justice was not putting this forward as a factor in determining whether to activate the suspended sentence, but one to be considered in assessing the appropriate sentence for the sexual offences.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2165349 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2165349 What was said in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2165349\charrsid12811582 
R v. Woods (supra}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2165349\charrsid1531074 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2165349  is that in assessing the punishment for any offence }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2165349 there was no rule that only previous convictions of the same type should be considered }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12997957 
but consideration would always be given to the fact that the offence was out of character with or was part of the accused}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12997957 
s ordinary criminal activity}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12997957 . Woods}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12997957  case (supra) does not relate to the activation of suspended sentences and the learned Chief Justice was not at that stage of his judgment considering the activation of a suspended sentence. He 
was deciding whether 9 months imprisonment for indecent conduct was appropriate in that case and he concluded that it was not because the accused}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12997957 s history revealed no tendency to indecent behaviour, and the offence was a momentary lapse.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2165349 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15404089 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15404089 Therefore he rep
laced the suspended sentence of 9 months imprisonment by a period of probation. In the learned Chief Justice}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15404089 
s view the indecent conduct did not merit imprisonment either suspended or immediate.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15404089 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15404089 It is essential to bear that in mind when considering the learned Chief Justice}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15404089 s approach to the question of activating the suspended sentence which had been imposed for larceny. I quote him at length,
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15404089 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15404089 
In the third place, no consideration appears to have been given to the fact that the new offence is in a comple
tely different category from that for which the original suspended sentence was imposed, rendering it unjust to make the original suspended sentence operative. In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15404089\charrsid12811582 R v. Griffiths}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15404089\charrsid10976887  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15404089\charrsid12811582 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1386799\charrsid12811582 1969) 53 Cr. App.R.424 at 427}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1386799  Widgery L.J stated: }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1386799 
the facts of the subsequent offence are clearly appropriate for consideration in deciding whether the suspended sentence should be put into effect. Undoubtedly a Court\'85
.is entitled to look at the facts of the subsequent offence and, if it thinks right in the circumstances, to say it would be unjust in view of the character of that offence to make the suspended sentences operative.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1386799  As the appellant informed the sentencing Magistrate that he was under the influence of liquor when he committed the new offence
, which the sentencing Magistrate appears to have accepted in view }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10976887 of his imposition of a prohibition order, the comments of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1386799 Widgery L.J. in }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14564044\charrsid12811582 R v. M}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1386799\charrsid12811582 oylan}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1386799\charrsid10976887  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1386799\charrsid12811582 (1969) 3 ALL E.R. 783 at 785}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1386799  are also appropriate, to wit: }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1386799 We think it quite clear that the court may properly consider as unjust the activation of a suspended sentence }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10976887 
where the new offence is a comparatively trivial offence, and, particularly, where it is in a different category from that for which the suspended sentence was imposed. It is trite to say t
hat every case depends on its circumstances, and so it does. But there must be many instances in practice where a relatively minor offence committed in drink can\'85
.give rise to the activation of a heavy suspended sentence, and we recognise that it is proper for the court considering the matter to regard this as unjust in an appropriate case.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15404089 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11405243 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14564044 In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14564044\charrsid12811582 R v. Moylan (supra)}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14564044  the Court of Appeal said it could be unjust to activate a suspended sentence where the subsequent offence was not only trivial but also of a completely different character.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11405243 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14564044 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14564044 The Chief Justice had regard to the factors laid down in }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14564044\charrsid12811582 R v. Moylan (supra)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14564044  viz. (1) that the subsequent offence of the indecent conduct was in that accused}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14564044 
s case of a nature to merit no imprisonment and (2) that it was of a different category from the offence of larceny for which the suspended sentence had been imposed.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14564044 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14564044 
Where the subsequent offence is of a different category this in itself is not a good reason for not activating }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7274824 
the suspended sentence unless it also deserves or merits no immediate term of imprisonment or other serious punishment. Thus in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7274824\charrsid7274824 R v. Griffiths (supra)}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7274824  the appellant who was subject to a suspended sentence of 12 months for factory breaking was convicted of dangerous}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15156449  driving}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7274824  and common assault and sentenced to 9 months and 3 months concurrently. The judge activated the suspended sentence of 12 months which h
ad imposed for factory breaking making it consecutive to the sentence he was imposing for dangerous driving and assault. The appellant had no record for driving offences and although dangerous driving and assault are different from factory breaking, the C
ourt of Appeal approved activation of the suspended sentence. Again in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7274824\charrsid12811582 R v. Goodlad}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7274824\charrsid7274824 , }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7274824\charrsid12811582 1973, 1 W.L.R., 1108,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7274824 
 the accused whilst under a suspended sentence for burglary was convicted for assault causing grievous bodily harm and sentenced to 18 months imprisonm
ent. The judge said it would be unjust to activate the suspended sentence and he altered its period of suspension to run for 2 years from the date of the immediate prison sentence. Lord Widgery C.J. declared that the judge had erred in principle saying at
 1104 B/C:-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14564044 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7274824 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7274824\charrsid9898906 he should not have left the sentence in suspense, and added to the operational period, but should }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10166681\charrsid9898906 
not have activated it, the reason being that the Court has generally set its face against a distuation in which one man is subject to an immediate prison sentence and a suspended prison sentence at the same time.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7274824 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11405243 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9898906 In }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9898906\charrsid12805639 R v. Sapiano (supra}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9898906 ) Lord Parker C.J. said much the same thing and in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9898906\charrsid12811582 R v. Butters}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9898906\charrsid12805639  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9898906\charrsid12811582 1971, 53 Cr. App.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9898906\charrsid12811582 R. 515 at 521 Roskill J.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9898906  said,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11405243 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9898906 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9898906 
It seems to this Court that in general, courts of trial should avoid }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9898906 mixing up}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9898906  sentences which fall into different categories. It is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13580102 i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9898906 
n general bad sentencing practice to pass concurrent sentences of imprisonment, the one immediate and the other suspended.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9898906 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12811582 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9898906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9898906 
In the foregoing cases the subsequent offence was in a different category from that for which the suspended sentence had been imposed but the Court of Appeal activated the suspended sentences in all 3 cases.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9898906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9898906 With respect I consider that the learned ma
gistrate erred in principle when he said he need not activate the suspended sentence for assault occasioning actual bodily harm because the subsequent offence of larceny from the person was in a different category. Once decided that the subsequent offence
 merited 18 months imprisonment he should have decided that this was sufficient to activate the suspended sentence unless it was in some other way unjust so to do.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9898906 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9898906 Applying the ordinary principles of sentencing to the offence of larceny from the person, I 
consider that the learned magistrate should not have suspended the term of imprisonment on Vijay }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12805639 
Singh who has convictions for larceny, assault, malicious damage and assault occasioning actual bodily harm.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9898906 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12805639 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12805639 A professional wrestler should not assault and in
timidate others. He held the complainant against a wall whilst another professional wrestler removed $20 from the complainant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12805639 
s person. Larceny from the person carries maximum term of 14 years imprisonment. There was a distinct element of violence in this case which is in keeping with the accused 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12805639 s record. In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12805639\charrsid12811582 R v. Woods,}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12805639\charrsid1531074  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12805639\charrsid12811582 1962 Cr.L.Rev. 646}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12805639 
 the accused was on probation when he was convicted of assault occasioning actual bodily harm. He had no previous convictions for violence but had them for dishonesty. H
e was sentenced to 2 years imprisonment which the Court of Appeal upheld. Lord Parker said that there was no rule that only previous convictions of a similar type should be considered but consideration would always be given to the fact that an offence was
 out of character with or was part of the accused}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12805639 s }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812653 
criminal activity. He said there was nothing wrong, in principle in taking into account that the accused was undeterred from committing offences and had not benefitted from probation. In the instant case t
he accused Vijay Singh has not been deterred by the suspended sentence or by being over on the earlier occasions.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12805639 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812653 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812653 As the learned author of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812653 Principles of Sentencing}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812653 
, D.A. Thomas, wrote in the Cr. L. Rev. 1974, 684 at 688 with regard to the imposition of suspended sentences:-
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812653 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812653 
If it is of any use in a system already equipped with probation and conditional discharge, it is in relation to relatively serious cases where the offence would normally attract a substantial sentence but quite exceptional mitigatin
g circumstances justify a departure from normal practice.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812653 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812653 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812653 The offence in question was of the kind known as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812653 mugging}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812653 
, which the Court of Appeal (Engl.) regards as falling short of robbery in that it is spontaneous rather than deliberately planned.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812653 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812653 In February 1961 Vijay Singh was fined \u8356\'a3
8.0.0 for assault, in 1963 he was bound over for assault occasioning actual bodily harm, in 1972 he was again bound over for a similar offence, and in 1974 he was fined $25.00 and again bound }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16001228 
over for a similar offen
ce and was sentenced to 9 months imprisonment suspended for 12 months, the non-activation of which is now in question. It appears that he has a disposition towards violence and although it may be due to drink it is something which he should try to control
.
 Would he be so prone to violence were he not a professional wrestler and confident of his superiority in this field as against the average layman. All the factors pleaded in mitigation before me must have been pleaded in past offences and the accused can
not rely upon them indefinitely to save him from punishment. The time has come when he needs a sharp lesson.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812653 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16001228 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16001228 
I am told that the accuseds have paid $40.00 to the complainant and that there has been a reconciliation. However, this is not something connected with the circumstances of the crime, or with the accused}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16001228 
s past behaviour; it can spring from remorse or from a desire to avoid or reduce any well deserved punishment. The Court would not impose a more severe sentence because the complainant refused to be reconciled.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16001228 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16001228 
The 18 months suspended sentence of imprisonment imposed on Vijay Singh for the crime of larceny from the person is varied to one of immediate imprisonment.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16001228 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16001228 
What should be done with regard to the sentence of 9 months suspended for 12 months which had been imposed a few months earlier for assault occasioning actual bodily harm? It cannot continue alongside the sentence of immediate imprisonment and in accordan
c
e with the principles I have outlined, it should be activated. In considering whether it should be consecutive or concurrent it appears to me that the deterrent effect of suspended sentences would be lost if they are constantly made to run concurrently, w
hen activated, with a term of immediate imprisonment for a subsequent offence. In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16001228\charrsid12811582 R v. John Foster Ithal & Ors}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16001228\charrsid16001228 . }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16001228\charrsid12811582 1969 Cr.App.Rep.210 at 212}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16001228  the Court of Appeal}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16001228 s judgment contains the following passage:-
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16001228 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6098342 as the Lord Chief Justice said in Brown & Harris decided by this Court on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 11}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0
{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 14}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1968}}}November 14th, 1968{\*\xmlclose}
, unless there are some exceptional circumstances the suspended sentence should be ordered to run consecutively to the sentence given for the current offence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16001228 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6098342 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6098342 I have observed no exceptional circumstances which would justify
 as in departing from the practice indicated. When a suspended sentence is imposed the accused is informed that a subsequent offence is likely to cause the sentence to become one of immediate imprisonment. The fact that it would probab
ly result in a fairly long term is something of which the accused has always been aware and it is a risk which he has accepted.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6098342 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6098342 
Therefore I Order that the 9 months suspended sentence imposed on Vijay Singh should be activated to run consecutively to the 18 months for larceny from the person.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6098342 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6098342 
Turning now to the case of Raman who has no previous convictions and on whom the magistrate imposed a sentence of 12 months imprisonment suspended for 2 years. The offence was analogous to that unpleasant crime of }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6098342 mugging}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7753301 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6098342 
, which is frequent in Fiji. In Thomas}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6098342 s Principles of Sentencing}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8467869 
 the learned author states at p }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6098342 135/136 that where such offences involve a minimum of violence the term of imprisonment which may be as high as 6 years falls to 3 years and where the pa
rt played by one accused is in a lesser role, e.g. acting as a look-out he can expect to receive, on occasions, a shorter term than his co-accuseds. Raman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6098342 s role in this case was no less than that of Vijay Singh. I think the magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6098342 
s assessment of 12 months imprisonment in Raman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6098342 s case is proper. There are many categories of offence where the mitigating feature of good cha}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6965178 racter and no previous convictions will not avoid an immediate sentence of imprisonment. Raman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6965178 s case is one of them. The suspended sentence upon Raman is varied to take effect as an immediate term of imprisonment}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9988183 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6098342 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9988183 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9988183 It means that }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9988183\charrsid8850323 Vijay Singh}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9988183  receives 18 months imprisonment for larceny from the person and 9 months imprisonment for assault occasioning actual bodily harm to be served consecutively.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9988183 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15031401 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9988183\charrsid9988183 AND}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9988183 
 Raman receives 12 months imprisonment for larceny from the person.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1531074 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12811582 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 (SGD) J. T. WILLIAMS}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1531074 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1531074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1531074\charrsid12811582 LAUTOKA
\par 26th August, 1977.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9988183\charrsid12811582 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12811582 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12811582 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9988183 Director of Public Prosecutions for the Appellant
\par Messrs. G.P. Shankar & Co., for the Respondents.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9898906 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9988183 
\par Date of Hearing: 12th August, 1977.
\par }}