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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3743987 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6632729\charrsid10779336 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 (WESTERN DIVISION)
\par AT LAUTOKA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8068526\charrsid10779336 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 APPELLATE JURISDICTION}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3743987 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3743987 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 Criminal Appeal No.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1991677  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 34 of 1977
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3743987 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3743987 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 BETWEEN:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3743987 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3743987 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 1. }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 SHANI RAM}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 s/o Ram Pal
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 2. }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 ARUN KUMAR}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 s/o Ram Pal
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 3. }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 ARJI RAM}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 s/o Ram Pal
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 Appellants}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3743987 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3743987 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 AND}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 :}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3743987 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3743987 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 REGINAM
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 Respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12286511 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid214753 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 Dr. M.S}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336  Sahu Khan for the first and second Appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 
\par Mr. G.P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336  Shankar for the third Appellant
\par Mr. D. Williams for the Respondent
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8068526 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12286511\charrsid10779336 JUDG}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 MENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12286511 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12336228\charrsid3743987 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid214753 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 This is an appeal against conviction by three men who were }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 charge }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 at Ba Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336  Court with cattle stealing. One of the accused was a boy of fifteen years and he was placed on probation, and the other two a
ccused were each sentenced to eighteen months imprisonment. In the Magistrates}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 
 Court all the accused were represented by counsel but in this court they were represented by different counsel. There are seven grounds of appeal, and they all relate to the evidence given by}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4524588\charrsid10779336  Jagannath f/n Ladhu Ram, who said that he knew the three accused and that there was no enmity between him and the accused. He said }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11162027\charrsid10779336 that on 11th }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12336228\charrsid10779336 October 19}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7162280\charrsid10779336 
75 he saw the three accused take two bullocks from near a truck which was loading catt
le two or three chains distant from their house and lead them to an isolated place some distance away. He turned binoculars on them and later took the police to where he had seen the bullocks taken. He identified the three accused as the persons he h}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12870496\charrsid10779336 ad seen taking the cattle away.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7162280\charrsid10779336 
\par One of the points which arose from Jagannath}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7162280\charrsid10779336 
s evidence was that in the course of it he stated that there was no enmity between himself and the accused. He said the accused were the sons of his brother-in-law, and although 
he appears to have been cross-examined on this subject no suggestion was made that he had on a previous occasion given evidence against one of the accused, Arji Ram, in a horse stealing case some years previously. The hearing extended over two days and Ja
gannath gave evidence on the first day. The second day}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7162280\charrsid10779336 s hearing }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688990\charrsid10779336 was two days later, and at that stage, the two accused of full age and their father all}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3757093\charrsid10779336  gave evidence that Jagann}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12870496\charrsid10779336 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3757093\charrsid10779336 th gave evidence against Arji Ram. On the part of Shani Ram it was hearsay bec
ause he admitted that he was not there, but Arji Ram and his father both swore that Jagannath had given evidence against Arji Ram. Now, that sort of evidence is very little value and if he had wanted to clear the matter up, the accused}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3757093\charrsid10779336 s solicitor could ha
ve produced the record. What he did do was to allow the Magistrate to read from the record of the previous proceedings and the Magistrate found that Jagannath had }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14747721\charrsid10779336 not }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3757093\charrsid10779336 been called and told the accused}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3757093\charrsid10779336 
s solicitor and the accused}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3757093\charrsid10779336 s solicitor accepted that fa
ct. Of course that does not entitle the Magistrate to accept evidence in this way, and evidence which is clearly hearsay and there is no legislative authority in Fiji enabling such evidence to be admitted even with the consent of counsel. So that the tria
l must be accounted unsatisfactory in that respect.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7162280\charrsid10779336 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3757093\charrsid10779336 
\par The next po}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12595755\charrsid10779336 int arises directly from that w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3757093\charrsid10779336 
hen the learnt Magistrate came to write his judgment he said, in dealing with the question of the previous evidence Jagann}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14747721\charrsid10779336 a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3757093\charrsid10779336 th is said to have given, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3757093\charrsid10779336 I have }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9651738\charrsid10779336 heard }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3757093\charrsid10779336 no evidence that would satisfy me that Jagannath might deliberately perjure himself to have }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273122\charrsid10779336 Ram Pal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273122\charrsid10779336 s sons (the accused) imprisoned}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273122\charrsid10779336 . It is said }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10844530\charrsid10779336 that }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273122\charrsid10779336 this placed a burden of proof upon the accused. I do not think that it does. It is another }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2560315\charrsid10779336 - perhaps}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273122\charrsid10779336  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2560315\charrsid10779336 a more emphatic way of saying that the Magistrate has heard nothing to show him that Jagannath}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2560315\charrsid10779336 s evidence was oth}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10844530\charrsid10779336 er th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2560315\charrsid10779336 an reliable. I would also mention that the form in which this particular ground of appeal was coached }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1121867\charrsid10779336 
does not give the prosecution or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2560315\charrsid10779336  the Court }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1121867\charrsid10779336 see }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2560315\charrsid10779336 any idea at all of the real ground of appeal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3757093\charrsid10779336 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2560315\charrsid10779336 
\par Then Dr. Sahu Khan submits that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16730327\charrsid10779336  the prosecution should have rec}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2560315\charrsid10779336 
alled Jagannath when it was suggested that he had not been fully cross-examined because the defence solicitor had not been adequately instructed on the previous case against Arji Ram. I would add that the petition of appeal put this rather differently. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9651738\charrsid10779336 There i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2560315\charrsid10779336 t was stated that the Court should have acceded to the defence offer that the prosec}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16730327\charrsid10779336 u}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2560315\charrsid10779336 tion recall Jagannath. There was no such offer. There may }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9651738\charrsid10779336 have }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2560315\charrsid10779336 been }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10616956\charrsid10779336 
a request on the part of the defence and if there was, and there is nothing in the record as Dr. Sahu Khan indeed concedes, then it was properly rejected. Once a witness has been examined and cross-examined, it must be rare that he sh
ould be recalled at a further hearing for further cross-examination.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3239066\charrsid10779336 The defence also complained that Jagannath}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3239066\charrsid10779336 s identification was insufficient and that his evidence should not have been accepted without corroboration. The learned magistrate bore }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5317562\charrsid10779336 in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3239066\charrsid10779336 min
d all that was said against Jagannath but he accepted that Jagannath did see and recognize the three accused driving the bullocks away from near Ram Pal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3239066\charrsid10779336 s house towards the Vatukoula Airstrip. It is true that Jagannath saw them only through binoculars, but }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3893450\charrsid10779336 t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3239066\charrsid10779336 he Magistrate nevertheless }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8741858\charrsid10779336 accepted his evidence. On the question of corroboration there is }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7365173\charrsid10779336 the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8741858\charrsid10779336 
evidence of Netram and Raghubar Singh both of whom testified that they met the three accused returning on horseback about five or six chains before the place 
from where the stolen bullocks were seen. I think that the Magistrate properly regards that evidence as corroboration of Jagannath}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8741858\charrsid10779336 s evidence. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8591708\charrsid10779336 Then it is said that Jagannath exaggerated his evidence. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8741858\charrsid10779336 That may be, but it is a matter primarily }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3749941\charrsid10779336 for the learnt
 magistrate and here he took into account all that was said against Jagannath}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3749941\charrsid10779336 s evidence and decid}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11279419\charrsid10779336 ed that it was evidence which should be}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3749941\charrsid10779336  accepted. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4798247\charrsid10779336 I think that I should mention here the affidavit sworn by Mr. Sapt Rishi Shankar and Inspector Krishna Gou}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1604191\charrsid10779336 n}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4798247\charrsid10779336 der the prosecuting officer. Mr. Shankar defended the accused in the Magis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15292429\charrsid10779336 trate}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15292429\charrsid10779336 
s court and he has sworn an affidavit to the effect that the magistrate made a comment after the completion of Jagannath}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15292429\charrsid10779336 s evidence that he would not act on Jagannath}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15292429\charrsid10779336 s evidence without corroboration. The Prosecuting Officer}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15292429\charrsid10779336 s recollection is that the Magistrate expressed the view that Jagannath}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15292429\charrsid10779336 s evidence required some supporting evidence. While I think it would perhaps have been better if the learnt Magistrate HAD refrained from expressing any opinion at all }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7365173\charrsid10779336 at }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15292429\charrsid10779336 that stage of the evidence, I cannot see that the defence was in any way prejudiced, for after Jagannath}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15292429\charrsid10779336 s evidence, there was the corroboration evidence of Netram and Mr. Sha}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4594044\charrsid10779336 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15292429\charrsid10779336 kar apparently felt it necessary to call two of the accused }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10122974\charrsid10779336 and their father. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353839\charrsid10779336 
It may very well be that the defence evidence led the Magistrate to place much greater reliance on Jagannath}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353839\charrsid10779336 
s evidence then he would otherwise have done.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3749941\charrsid10779336 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353839\charrsid10779336 
\par Finally the appellan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1787078\charrsid10779336 ts say that the learned Magistr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353839\charrsid10779336 a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1787078\charrsid10779336 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353839\charrsid10779336 e attached too much importance to what he regarded as the accused}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353839\charrsid10779336 s lies. Counsel refer}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1787078\charrsid10779336 r}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353839\charrsid10779336 ed me on this point to }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353839\charrsid10779336 R v Gibbons}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353839\charrsid10779336 
 (1973) 1 NZLR 376. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4594044\charrsid10779336 T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353839\charrsid10779336 he decision in that case of course, is based upon }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353839\charrsid10779336 Broadhurst v The Queen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353839\charrsid10779336  (1964) 1 
AER 111, a decision of the Privy Council, where Lord Delvin pointed out that even when an accused person tells lies, the burden still remains upon the prosecution to prove the guilt of the accused. He then goes on:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4353839 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353839\charrsid10779336 
But if upon the proved facts, two inferences may be drawn about the accused}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353839\charrsid10779336 
s conduct or state of mind, his untruthfulness is a facto which a jury can properly take into ac}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5518802\charrsid10779336 count as strengthening the inf}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353839\charrsid10779336 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5518802\charrsid10779336 re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353839\charrsid10779336 nce of guilt.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353839\charrsid10779336 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10572149 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353839\charrsid10779336 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4353839 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353839\charrsid10779336 Dr. Sahu Khan submitted that the learnt Magistrate must resolve the inconsistency between the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4287750\charrsid10779336 stories told by the two accused to the police and to the court. I think he has done so by stating that he is satisfied that Netram and Raghubar Singh met the thre
e accused coming towards them on horseback 5 or 6 chains before the place where the stolen bullocks were. The learned Magis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6894788\charrsid10779336 trate was not impressed}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4287750\charrsid10779336  by the two accused who gave evidence, and in my view he properly took into account their untruthfulness to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11501385\charrsid10779336 
strengthen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4287750\charrsid10779336  the inference of guilt.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4353839\charrsid10779336 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4287750\charrsid10779336 
\par The question then is, what is to be the result of the admission of hearsay evidence concerning Jagannath}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4287750\charrsid10779336 
s evidence in the previous trial. I think that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11501385\charrsid10779336 in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4287750\charrsid10779336 this connection I must take not}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11501385\charrsid10779336 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4287750\charrsid10779336  of two conclusions drawn by the 
learnt magistrate from the allegations of enmity made against Jagannath by the accused and their father. The first is his statement that the dispute was not so serious as to prevent each party harvesting the other}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4287750\charrsid10779336 s cane in 1975. Shani Ram in evidence said that the gang cut cane on both their farms, that he as his father}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4287750\charrsid10779336 s representative cut cane in Jagannath}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4287750\charrsid10779336 s land and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6894788\charrsid10779336 Jagannath}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6894788\charrsid10779336 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4287750\charrsid10779336  representative cut cane in Ram}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10779336\charrsid10779336 p}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4287750\charrsid10779336 al}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4287750\charrsid10779336 
s land. The evidence assumes knowledge that the gang contains representatives of a number of growers, each interested in getting all the cane cut. I do not think that the inference that each harvested the other}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4287750\charrsid10779336 
s land is a fair inference. The cane of each was cut by the gang of which both were members. Then the learned Magistrate said that Rampal 
admitted that prior to the cattle theft case he did discuss business matters with Jagannath. I think that also is incorrect. The only evidence given by Ramp}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4068020\charrsid10779336 
al is that Jagannath did sometimes talk at gang meetings but did not talk to Rampal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4068020\charrsid10779336 s children. I do
 not think that it can properly be said that the two of them were able to discuss business matters. These two factual mistakes leave me in some doubt as to whether the learned Magistrate in weighing Jagannath}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4068020\charrsid10779336 s evidence }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10779336\charrsid10779336 
was not influence by the hearsay evidence }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4068020\charrsid10779336 which he allowed to be introduced, and that being so I think that this appeal must succeed and the accused must be acquitted.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4287750\charrsid10779336 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4068020\charrsid10779336 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10572149 {\b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4068020\charrsid3743987 (SGD.) K.A. Stuart
\par JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4068020 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4068020\charrsid10779336 LAUTOKA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6894788\charrsid10779336 ,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4068020\charrsid10779336 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid214753 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9655428\charrsid10779336 4th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4068020\charrsid10779336  August, 1977}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10572149\charrsid10779336 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid214753\charrsid10779336 
\par }}