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\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4875441 IN THE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11815333  SUPREM}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9384773 E COURT }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12482980\charrsid8027311 OF {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}FIJI}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10579004 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16206712 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9384773 APPELLANT JURISDICTION}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8027311\charrsid9384773 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8027311 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4875441\charrsid1925227 CRIMINAL APPEAL N0. 104 OF 1977}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid1925227 
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\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4875441\charrsid1925227 
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\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9384773 & }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12482980\charrsid8027311 SEAMEN}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12482980\charrsid8027311 S}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid8027311  {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}UNION}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9384773 
{\*\xmlclose}
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12482980\charrsid8027311 2. TANIELA VEI}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9403315 TATA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12482980\charrsid8027311 
\par 3. }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid8027311 VILI}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12482980\charrsid8027311 AME TAUFA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid8027311 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12482980\charrsid8027311 4. ERONI SERUKA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4524542 LO}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12482980\charrsid8027311 U
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10761394 5. SE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid8027311 KUISA SECAKE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12482980\charrsid8027311 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid8027311 6. AISEA DRAILIA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12482980\charrsid8027311 
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\par 9. APISAI V}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid8027311 ERE
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\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
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\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10814872 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 Respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10814872 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
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\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid8027311 T
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7693548 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8027311\charrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 This is an appeal by the nine appellants against conviction and sentence by the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2895644 Magistrates Courts}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  Suva on the 6th day of August, 1977. A large number of grounds}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8027311  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 are set out in the Petition of Appeal. These grounds were amended at the hearing by }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8027311 Mr. Newman Q.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 C. counsel for the appellants.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8027311\charrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 Objection was taken to these amendments by}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1128709  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 
Mr. Lindsay for the Crown. This objection was overruled and I stated at the time I allowed the am}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1128709 endments that I would in my judgm}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 
ent give my reasons for so doing.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1128709\charrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 Mr. Lindsay in a letter to Messrs. }{\fs24\cf17\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid13509983 Ramrakhas}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  the solicitors for the appellants dated {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 9}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}
{\xmlattrvalue 30}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}the 30th September, 1977{\*\xmlclose}, requested further particulars in respect}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14162799  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 of 33 of the grounds of appeal. Most of these grounds }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14162799\charrsid7693548 allege}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14162799 convictions are wrong in law or }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 
are against the weight of evidence. The remaining grounds allege that certain sections of the Trade Disputes Act are void as being in conflict with the Fiji Independence Act 1970.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14162799 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14162799\charrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15286195 Mr. New}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 man during his address, advised the Court that he would be making available to the Court and to}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1925227  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 Mr. Lindsay, a copy of his address from which Mr. Lindsay could obta}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12387385 
in the particulars Mr. Lindsay s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 ought.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1925227  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 
Mr. Newman explained that due to delay in the mails he had not received Mr. Lindsay}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 s letter in time to act on it. He sug
gested that an adjournment be granted after his address to enable Mr. Lindsay to consider it.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15286195 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 This course was followed.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15286195 Mr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15286195  Newm}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 an considered however that the particulars should be incorporated in the grounds of appeal and after completing his address he applied to amend the grounds.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723431\charrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 There are 11 grounds which allege the convictions are against the evidence and weight of evidence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723431\charrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723431 [3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 (a), 6(h)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723431 , }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 9(h)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723431 , 12}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 (h), 15(h)}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723431 , 18}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 (g), 21(1)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723431 , 23(h), 27(i}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 ), 30(h) and 33(h)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723431 ].}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723431\charrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 Mr. Newman has given particulars of all these grounds except 3(a) relating to the first count against the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Union}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723431 {\*\xmlclose}. I do no}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 t know whether this is an omission }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723431 o}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 r abandonment of this ground. Certainly Mr. Newman did not sp}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723431 ecifically address the Court on}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  this ground.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3285980 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 Mr. Lindsay}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 
s criticism of these grounds is valid although it is a very common ground in use in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Fiji{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723431\charrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4803888 The case of }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4803888 Aladesuru &}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid4803888  Others v. R}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 . 39 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4803888 Cr. App. Reports 184 which went }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5115063 to }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 the Privy Council is authority for the proposition that it is not a sufficient ground}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4803888  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 of appeal to allege that the verdict is against the weight of evidence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4803888\charrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 The head note to this case however appears to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16272138  go too far where it states:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16272138\charrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16272138 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 
There is no ground of appeal known to English law in a criminal appeal that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16272138 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 e verdict or judgment }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 is against the weight of the evidence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7693548 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 
\par Lord Tucker in his judgment in referring to the phrase }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 against the weight of the e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16272138 vidence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16272138  said:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16272138\charrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14352735 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 
It is submitted that the phrase had thus been treated as synonymous with }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 
unreasonable or which cannot be supported having regard to the evidence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 
. There can be no doubt that this phrase is inaccurate and is one which cannot properly be substituted for the words}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16272138  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 
of the statute, although it has in one or two cases found its way into the judgments,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16272138  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 
though always with qualifying language ..... but that does not mean that in a proper case the Court of Appeal will not give leave to appeal or review the evidence if a prima facie case were shown that the verdict appealed from is one at 
which no reasonable tribunal could have arrived.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16272138 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5773100\charrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7693548 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 The words }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 the decision is unreasonable or cannot be supported having r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5773100 egard to the evidence}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5773100  are used}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  in section 294(2) of the Criminal Procedure Code.
\par 
\par These words should have been used in the 11 grounds}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10105451  I have referred to. The wording}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  used is inac}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10105451 curate but I do not consider th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 at anyon}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10105451 e was misled by this inaccuracy.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10105451\charrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10105451 M}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 y reason for allo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10105451 wing the a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 me}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10105451 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 dments was t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10105451 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 at the amend}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10105451 ments did not raise additional g}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 rounds but were in the na}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10105451 ture of further particulars requ}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 
ested by}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10105451  M}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 r. Lindsay. Had they been additional grounds I would have had to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10105451 
consider section 292(4) of the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  Criminal Procedure Code.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10105451\charrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 With so many appellants and so many counts to consider, which have given rise to a very large nu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3737069 mber of grounds of appeal, it h}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 as proved a difficult task to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3737069  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 decide how best to deal }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3737069 w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 ith this appeal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3737069\charrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 I propose to incorporate the Petition of Appeal with the grounds as amended in this judgment, notwithstanding that this will considerably lengthen what }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15818317 will }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 prove to be}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3366769  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 a very lengthy judgment. A }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3366769 number of grounds are repeated b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 
ut they can be considered under various headings or issues. Consideration of these issues }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3366769 will }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3366769 ithe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 r dispose of this appeal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13061286 , if I find for the appellants,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962373  or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  reduce the number of grounds I have to consider.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13061286\charrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 The Petition of Appeal as amended is as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12125690 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12125690\charrsid15149870 PETITION OF APPEAL}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid15149870 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7693548 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13061286 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5521506 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13061286\charrsid15544603 T}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12125690 O HER MAJESTY}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12125690 S SUPREME COURT OF}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13061286\charrsid15544603  {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}F}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid15544603 IJI{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7693548 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13061286\charrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li540\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid5521506 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13061286 Petition of }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13061286\charrsid15544603 THE FIJI WATERSIDE WORKERS & SEAMENS UNION, TANIELA VE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid15544603 I}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13061286\charrsid15544603 TA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid15544603 TA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13061286\charrsid15544603 , VILIAM}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971600 E}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13061286\charrsid15544603  TAUFA, ERONI SERUHAU, SEKUISA SECAKE, AISEA DRALIA, AMINIASI VOSI, TAUTO RAWAQA and APISAI VERE}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13061286  sheweth:- }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7693548 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13061286\charrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5521506 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5521506 1.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 That on the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15544603 6}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 th day of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15544603 August, 1977 your Petitioner }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15544603\charrsid5521506 T}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5521506 HE}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15544603  }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15544603\charrsid94047 WA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid94047 TE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15544603\charrsid94047 RSIDE W}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid94047 ORKERS & }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15544603\charrsid94047 SEAMENS UNION}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  was }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15544603\charrsid7693548 convict}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15544603 ed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  by }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15544603 the Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15544603  s Court of the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  first class at Suva of the following offences}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15544603 :-
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5521506 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid15544603 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15544603 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid15544603 FIRST COUNT}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15544603\charrsid15544603 

\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid15544603 ST}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15544603\charrsid15544603 ATE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid15544603 M}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15544603\charrsid15544603 EN}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid15544603 T}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15544603\charrsid15544603  OF OFFENCE}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid15544603 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5521506 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15544603\charrsid15544603 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid282690 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15544603\charrsid94047 UNLAWFUL STRIKE}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15544603 
: Contrary to Section 12(5) of the Trade Disputes Act, No.7 of 1973 an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484347 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15544603  Section 37 of the said Act.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15544603 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15544603\charrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid94047 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173248 PARTI}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15544603\charrsid94047 CULA}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15931791 RS OF OFFEN}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid94047 CE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7693548 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid94047 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid282690 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid94047 Between the 5t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 h July and 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 13}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}the 13th July, 1977{\*\xmlclose}, at 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname City}}Suva{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} the Fiji Waterside }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid94047 Worke}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 
rs & Seaman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 s {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Union{\*\xmlclose}
 registered under the Trade Union Act, Cap.30 continuously engaged in a s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid94047 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 rike declared to be unlawful}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid94047  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 by the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid94047 Minister of L}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 abour on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 5}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0
{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid94047 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 e 5th July, 1977{\*\xmlclose}, under Section 6(4) of }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid94047 the said A}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 ct.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid282690 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5521506 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid282690 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid282690 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid282690 2. That upon its conviction for the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 
 said offence your Petiti}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid282690 one}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 r }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid282690 
was sentenced to a fine of $500.00 (FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS)
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15418058 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4542080 (3). }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 That yo}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid282690 u}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 r Petitioner d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid282690 e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 sires to appeal against t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid282690 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 e said convictio}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid282690 n and sentence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid282690\charrsid282690  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid282690 upon the following grounds. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1925227 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid282690 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1925227 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1925227 (a) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid282690 the conviction was wrong in law
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1925227 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2756582 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1925227 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1925227 (b) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid282690 
the learned magistrate should have quashed the charge in that Section 12(5) and / or Section 6(4) of Trade Disputes Act 1973 are void being in the conflict with the Fiji Independence Act 1970.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1925227 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10294297 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1925227 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1925227 (c) t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid282690 
hat in view of the circumstances stated in this Count the learned magistrate was wrong in refusing to order further particulars of the act constituting the alleged offences.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1925227 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10898381 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1925227 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1925227 (d) t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid282690 
hat the learned magistrate should have held that the complaint was ambiguous and that there was a defect of substance which prejudiced the petitioner and he should have dismissed the charge.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1925227 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16338538 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1925227 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1925227 (e) a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid282690 
lternatively the conviction was against the evidence, and weight }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753939 of evidence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid282690 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1925227 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16338538 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16338538 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1925227 (f) a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753939 
lternatively the penalty was manifestly excessive.
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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9843038 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9843038 4. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753939 
That on the 6th day of August, 1977 your Petitioner }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753939\charrsid2753939 TANIELA VEITATA }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753939 was convicted by the Magistrate}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753939 s Court of the first class at Suva of the following offences:-
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2753939 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid16720488 SECOND COU}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753939\charrsid16720488 N}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid16720488 T}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753939\charrsid16720488 
\par STATEM}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid16720488 ENT OF OFFENCE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7693548 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753939\charrsid2753939 
\par COUNSELLED AN UNLAWFUL STRIKE}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753939 : }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 Contrary to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753939  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 Section }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753939 12(1) of the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  Trade }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753939 D}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 isputes }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753939 A}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 ct, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753939 N}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 o.7 of 1973, and Section 37 of th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753939 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  said }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753939 A}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 
ct.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11815333 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11815333\charrsid11815333 PARTICULARS OF OFFENCE
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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7693548 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid11030135 T}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2305739\charrsid11030135 A}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753939\charrsid11030135 NIELA VEITATA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753939 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  betwe}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753939 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16068336 n the 5th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid16068336  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753939 Jul}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 y and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 13}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0
{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}13th July, 1977}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7161861 {\*\xmlclose}, at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname City}}Suva}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, counsell}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7161861 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 d members of t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7161861 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10428249 e Fiji Waterside and Seaman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 s {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Union}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16742006 {\*\xmlclose} an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 
d the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7161861 A}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 ustral}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7161861 ian}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  and N}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7161861 ew}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  Zealand Uni}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7161861 ons to take part in a strike declare}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7161861  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7161861\charrsid7693548 by the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7161861 Mini}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7161861\charrsid7693548 ster of Labour }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 to be unlawful }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10428249\charrsid7693548 under Section 6(4) of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}
{\xmlattrvalue 7}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 5}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}the 5th July, 1977}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10428249 {\*\xmlclose}.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10428249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14113667 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14113667 5 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11141838 That upon his convicti}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11141838 n for the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  said offence your petitioner was sentenced to }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7166799 6 months }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 imprisonment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14113667 
\par 6}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4865599 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14113667  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 That your Petitioner desires to}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7166799  appeal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  against the said con}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7166799 viction and sentence upon the fo}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 llo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7166799 wing}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  grou}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7166799 nds:-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10824300 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7166799\charrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10824300 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1925227 (a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7166799 ) The conviction}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  was wrong; in law in that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7693548 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7166799\charrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10824300 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7166799 (1) the Minister of Labour}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 s order was invalid and/or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16136176 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10824300\charrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10824300 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 (2) as a matter of law Australian and }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7166799 New }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 Zealand Unions could not take part in the strike and/or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16136176 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10824300\charrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10824300 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13530372 (3) the charge was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  bad f}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13530372 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 r d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13530372 u}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 
plicity}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1925227 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4618317\charrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6239360 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4618317 (b) The lea}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 r}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4618317 ned Magistrate sh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 ould have quas}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4618317 hed the charg}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 e in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4618317 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 at Section 12(1}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4618317 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  and/or Section 6 of the Trade Disputes Act, 1973 are}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15030565 
 void being in conflict with th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 e Fiji Independence Act 1970}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7693548 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4618317\charrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9788542 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11283821 (c) T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 he learned Ma}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4618317 gistrate shoul}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6972267 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4618317  have quashed th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 e charge in that the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4618317 charge}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  did not }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4618317 charge}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  your Petitioner with a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4618317 m}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741119 atter }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 that in law could co}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4618317 n}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 stitute an offence provided by Section 12(1) of the Trade Disputes }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4618317 A}{
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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7693548 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid478290\charrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9788542 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 (d) The charge did not charge your Petitioner with matters whic}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid478290 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  in law were capable upon }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid478290 pr}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 oper evidence called by t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid478290 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 e prosecution of constitutin}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid478290 g}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  an offence provided for by Section 12}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid478290 (}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 1) of the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid478290 T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 rade Disputes Act 1973}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7693548 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid478290\charrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9788542 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 (e) That in view of t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid478290 he circum}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 stances stated in this Count the learned }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid478290 M}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 agistrate was wrong }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid478290 in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  refu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid478290 sing }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 to order further particulars of t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9788542 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 
e act constituting the alleged offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7693548 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9788542 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (f) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 That the learned Magistr}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9788542 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 te should have }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9788542 h}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 eld that the complaint was ambiguous and that there was a defect of subs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9788542 t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 ance whic}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9788542 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  prejudiced the petitioner and }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9788542 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 e should have dismissed this }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2056373 charge}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4588194 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4588194 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9788542 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4588194 (g) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 
The learned Magistrate erred in allowing evidence concerning certain cables t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9788542 o be given on behalf of the prosecution upon th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 e gro}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9788542 u}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 nds }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9788542 that the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  evidence was ina}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9788542 dm}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 
issible in that it was improperly obtained and was contrar}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9788542 y}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548  to the provisions of the Fiji Indep}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741119 endence Act and the Telecommuni}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 cations Act}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13709034 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13709034 (h) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9788542 The conviction was aga}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid7693548 inst t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9788542 he evidence and weight}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1402493  of the evidence and the learned }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9788542 Magistrate should have found}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9788542 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9788542 
\par }\pard \ql \li1260\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1260\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (1) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9788542 that the Minister of Labour}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9788542 s order was invalid
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10307007 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16150174 
\par }\pard \ql \li1260\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1260\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (2) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9788542 
that there was no evidence of counselling an unlawful strike
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10307007 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16150174 
\par }\pard \ql \li1260\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1260\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (3) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9788542 
that there was no evidence that any member of the Fiji Waterside Workers & Seamens Union was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441  in fact counselled as charged.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9788542 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10307007 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16150174 
\par }\pard \ql \li1260\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1260\itap0\pararsid16150174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16150174 (4) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4588194 
That there was no evidence that Australian and New Zealand Unions were counselled as charged.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4588194 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4588194 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (i) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3168327 
Alternatively the penalty was manifestly excessive}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3622035 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3168327 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3622035 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3622035 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3622035\charrsid9441469 7}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9441469 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3622035\charrsid9441469  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid9441469 That on }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651\charrsid9441469 6th day of August, 1977 your Petitioner }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651\charrsid9441469 TANIELA VEITATA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651\charrsid9441469  was convicted by the Magistrates Court of the first class at Suva of the following offence:-}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548\charrsid9441469 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3932651 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6967201 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6967201\charrsid6967201 THIRD COUNT}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3168327\charrsid6967201 

\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6967201\charrsid6967201 STATEMENT OF OFFENCE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3932651 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651\charrsid11808844 ENCOURAGED AN UNLAWFUL STRIKE:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651 
 Contrary to Section 12(1) of the Trade Disputes Act, No. 7 of 1973, and Section 37 of the said Act.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11613237 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651\charrsid11808844 PARTICULARS OF OFFENCE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3932651 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651\charrsid11808844 TANIELA VEITATA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651 , between the 5th July and 13th July, 1977, at}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4339196 
 Suva encouraged members of the Fiji Waterside }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651 and Seamen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651 
s Union and Australian and New Zealand Unions to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16396505  take part in a strike}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651  declared by the Minister }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2514519 of Labour to be unlawful under s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651 ecti}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4463057 on 6(4) of the said Act}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2514519 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651  on the 5th July, 1977.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11613237 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11613237 8.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9441469  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651 That upon his conviction for the said offence your Petitioner was sentenced to 6 months imprisonment.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11613237 
\par 9.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2514519  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651 That your Petitioner desires to appeal against the said conviction and sentence upon the following grounds:-
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3932651 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651 
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (a) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651 The conviction was wrong in law in}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2514519  that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651  
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5976107 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5976107 
\par }\pard \ql \li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (1) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651 the Minister of Labour}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2514519 s order was invalid and/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651 or 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2773219 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5976107 
\par }\pard \ql \li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (2) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651 as a matter of law Austr}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2752863 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651 lian and New Zealand Unions }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2229453 could }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651 no}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2514519 t take part in the strike and/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651 or
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2773219 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5976107 
\par }\pard \ql \li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5976107 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5976107 (3) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651 the charge was bad for duplicity
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3932651 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651 
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (b) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3891465 The learned}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651  Magistrate should have quashed the charge in that Section }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15425768 12(1) and/or Section 6 of the Trade Dispute Act, 1973 are void being in conflict with}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3891465  the Fiji Independence Act 1970}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15425768 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1983560 
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (c)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15824428  The l}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15425768 earned Magistrate should have quashed the charge in that the charge did not charge your petitioner wit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3891465 h a matter that in law could}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15425768  con}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3891465 stitute an offence provided by S}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15425768 ection 12(1)}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3891465  of the Trade Disputes Act 1973}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15425768 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1983560 
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (d) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3891465 The}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11037913  charge did not charge your P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15425768 etitioner with ma}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15824428 tters which in law were capable}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15425768  upon proper evidence called by the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid491255 prosecution of constituting an offence provided }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11037913 for }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid491255 by Section 12(1)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11037913  of the Trade Disputes Act 1973}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid491255 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1983560 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1983560 
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (e) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid491255 That in view of the circumstances sta}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1983560 ted in this Count the learn}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11037913 ed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid491255 
 Magistrate was wrong in refusing to order further particulars of the act c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11037913 onstituting the alleged offence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid491255 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13574915 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13574915 
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (f) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11037913 That the learned}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid491255  Magistrate should have held that the complaint was ambiguous and that there was a defect of substance which prejudiced the petitioner and he sh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11037913 
ould have dismissed this charge}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid491255 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6434339 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6434339 
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (g) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid491255 The learn}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6434339 ed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid491255  Magistrate erred in allowing evidence }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4865015 
concerning certain cables to be given on behalf of the prosecution upon the grounds that the evidence was inadmissible in that it was improperly }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5572625 obtained
 and was contrary to the provisions of the Fiji Independence Act}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11037913  and the Telecommunications Act}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3932651 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6434339 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6434339 
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid6434339 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6434339 (h) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5572625 
The conviction was against the evidence and weight of the evid}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11037913 ence and the learned }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6434339 Magistrate }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5572625 should have found
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5572625 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5572625 
\par }\pard \ql \li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (1) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5572625 that the Minister of Labour}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5572625 s order was invalid
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11230264 
\par }\pard \ql \li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (2) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5572625 
that there was no evidence of encouraging an unlawful strike
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11230264 
\par }\pard \ql \li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (3) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5572625 
that there was no evidence that any member of the Fiji Waterside Workers & Seamens Union }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13305084 was in fact encouraged as charged}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5572625 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11230264 
\par }\pard \ql \li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid11230264 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11230264 (4) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13305084 
that there was no evidence that Australian and New Zealand Unions were encouraged as charged.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13305084 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13305084 
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (i) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11037913 The learned}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13305084  Magistrate was wrong in law in that having convicted the Petitioner on the 2nd count he shou}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11037913 ld not then have convicted the P}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13305084 etitioner on the 3rd count.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15860719 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15860719 
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid15860719 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15860719 (j)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13305084  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2510236 Alternatively the pe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 nalty was manifestly excessive.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2510236 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2510236 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2510236 
\par 10. That the 6th day of August, 1977 your Petitioner }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2510236\charrsid11808844 TANEILA VEITATA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2510236  was convicted by the Magistrate}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2510236 s Court of the first class at Suva of the following offence:-
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2510236 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2510236\charrsid11808844 FOURTH COUNT
\par STATEMENT OF OFFENCE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2510236 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2510236 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2510236\charrsid11808844 COUNSELLING BREACH OF CONTRACT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2510236 : Contrary to Section 14(2) of the Trade Disputes Act, No.7 of 1973 37 of the said Act.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7551641 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2510236\charrsid11808844 PARTICULARS OF OFFENCE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2510236 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2510236 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2510236\charrsid11808844 TANIELA VEITATA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2510236 
, on the 5th July, at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname City}}Suva{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} counselled members of the Fiji Waterside Workers and Seamen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2510236 s {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Union{\*\xmlclose} to break their contracts of service.
\par 
\par 11. That upon his conviction for the said offence your Petitioner was sentenced to 6 months imprisonment.
\par 
\par 12. That your Petitioner desires to appeal against the said conviction and sentence upon the following grounds:-
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (a) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2510236 The conviction was wrong in law in that

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7551641 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7551641 
\par }\pard \ql \li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (1) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2510236 
Section 16 of the Trade Disputes Act being later than section 14, section 16 should prevail so that section 14 was of no effect in law or alternatively that the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1515316 words }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1515316 breaks his contract of service}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1515316 
 in section 14 do not include a strike and/or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2510236 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8542363 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7551641 
\par }\pard \ql \li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (2) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1515316 
The provision of section 14 of the Trade Disputes Act when read in Conjunction with other sections of the said Act were at least doubtful and that doubt should have been resolved in favour of the liberty of the Petitioner and/or 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8542363 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7551641 
\par }\pard \ql \li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid7551641 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7551641 (3) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1515316 The charge was bad for duplicity
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1515316 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1515316 
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (b) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1515316\charrsid270273 
The learned Magistrate should have quashed the charge }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7024857\charrsid270273 in that Section 14(2) of the Trades Disputes Act, 1973 is void being in conflict with the Fiji Independence Act 1970.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1515316 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15607630 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid270273 
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (c) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7024857\charrsid270273 
The Learned Magistrate should have quashed the charge in that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16476135 the charge did not charge your P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7024857\charrsid270273 
etitioner with a matter that in law could not con}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16476135 stitute an offence provided by Section 14(2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7024857\charrsid270273 )}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16476135  of the Trade Disputes Act 1973}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7024857 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15607630 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16518983 
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (d) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16476135 The}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7024857\charrsid270273  charge did not charge your}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16476135  P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7024857\charrsid270273 etitioner with matt}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15216643 ers which in law were capable}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7024857\charrsid270273  upon proper evidence called by the prosecution of constituting an offence provided }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16476135 for by Section 14(2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7024857\charrsid270273 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16476135  of the Trade Disputes Act 1973}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7024857 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15607630 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5058446 
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (e) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7024857\charrsid270273 
That in view of the circumstances}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16476135  stated in this Count the learned}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7024857\charrsid270273  Magistrate was wrong in refusing to order
 further particulars of the act c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16476135 onstituting the alleged offence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7024857 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15607630 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5058446 
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (f) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16476135 That the learned}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7024857\charrsid270273  Magistrate should have held that the complaint was ambiguous and that there was a defect of substance which prejudiced the petitioner and he sh}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16476135 ould have dismissed this charge}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7024857 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15607630 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10034642 
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (g) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7024857\charrsid270273 
The learned Magistrate was wrong in law in that having convicted the Petitioner on either the second or third count he should not have }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16476135 convicted the Petitioner on the fourth count }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7024857 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15607630 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2765525 
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid1453441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1453441 (h) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7024857\charrsid270273 
The conviction against the evidence and weight of the evidence in that there was no evidence of any member of the Fiji Wate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8979504 rside Workers and Seamens Union}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7813174 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7024857\charrsid270273  having heard the Petitioner say anything on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}
{\xmlattrvalue 7}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 5}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}the 5th July 1977}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7024857 {\*\xmlclose}
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15607630 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2765525 
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid2765525 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2765525 (i) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7024857\charrsid270273 
Alternatively the penalty was manifestly excessive.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7024857 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7024857\charrsid270273 
\par 13. That on the 6th day of August, 1977 your Petitioner }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7024857\charrsid359442 TANIELA VEITATA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7024857\charrsid270273  was convicted by the Magistrate}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7024857\charrsid270273 s }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16407977 Court }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7813174 of the first}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7024857\charrsid270273  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15499045\charrsid270273 class at Suva of the following offence:-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7024857\charrsid270273 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15499045\charrsid270273 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15499045 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15499045\charrsid270273 FIFTH COUNT
\par STATEMENT OF OFFENCE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15499045\charrsid15499045 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14297787 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15499045 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15499045 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15499045\charrsid15499045 INFLUENCING BREACH OF CONTRACT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15499045 
: Contrary to Section 14(2) of the Trade Disputes Act, No.7 of 1973 and Section 37 of the said Act.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15499045 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15499045\charrsid15499045 PARTICULARS OF OFFENCE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15499045 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14297787 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15499045 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15499045 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15499045\charrsid15499045 TANIELA VEITATA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15499045 , on 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 5}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}the 5th July, 1977{\*\xmlclose} at 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname City}}Suva{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, influenced members of the Fi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3876176 ji Waterside Workers and Seamen}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15499045 s {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Union{\*\xmlclose} to break their contracts of service.
\par 
\par 14. That upon his conviction for the said offence your Petitioner was sentenced to 6 months imprisonment.
\par 
\par 15. That your Petitioner desires to appeal against the said conviction and sentence upon the following grounds:-
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5006789 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5006789 (a) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15499045 The convictions was wrong in law in that

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4272967 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid359442 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5006789 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5006789 (1) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15499045 
Section 16 of the Trades Disputes Act being later than section 14, section 16 should prevail so that section14 was of no effect in law or alternatively }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755527 that the words }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755527 breaks his contract of service}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755527 
 in section 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7813174 4 do not include a strike and/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755527 or
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4272967 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10380199 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5006789 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5006789 (2) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755527 
The provisions of section 14 of the Trade Disputes Act when read in Conjunction with other sections of the said Act were at least doubtful and that doubt should have been resolved}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4196649 
 in favour of the liberty of the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10380199 P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7813174 etitioner and/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4196649 or
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4272967 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10380199 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5006789 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5006789 (3) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4196649 The charge was bad for duplicity
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5976844 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5976844 
\par }\pard \ql \li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5976844 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5976844 (b) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4196649 The learned }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5464055 Magistrate should have quashed the charge in that Section 14(2) of the Trade Disputes Act, 1973 is void being in conflict with}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7813174 
 the Fiji Independence Act 1970}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5464055 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5006789 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid158954 
\par }\pard \ql \li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid158954 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid158954 (c) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5464055 
The learned Magistrate should have a quashed the charge in that the charge did not charge your Petitioner with a matter that in law could constitute an offence provided by Section 14(2)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7813174 
 of the Trade Disputes Act 1973}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5464055 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4006870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4135903 
\par }\pard \ql \li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid14972635 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4135903 (d) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5464055 That charge did not charge your }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4135903 P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5464055 etitioner with ma}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9320515 tters which in law were capable}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5464055  upon proper evidence called by the prosecution of constituting an offence provided by Section 12(1) of the Trade Disputes Act 1973
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4006870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14972635 
\par }\pard \ql \li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid14972635 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14972635 (e) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5464055 That in view of the circumstances}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6316915  stated in this Count the learned}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5464055  Magistrate was wrong in refusing to order further particulars of the act c}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6316915 onstituting the alleged offence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5464055 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4006870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14972635 
\par }\pard \ql \li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid14972635 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14972635 (f) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6316915 That the learned}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5464055  Magistrate should have held that the complaint was ambiguous and that there was a defect of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6316915 substance which prejudiced the P}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5464055 etitioner and he sh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6316915 ould have dismissed this charge}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5464055 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4006870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5906763 
\par }\pard \ql \li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5906763 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5906763 (g) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6316915 The learned}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10302301  Magistrate was wrong in law in that having convicted the Petitioner on either the 2nd, 3rd or 4th count he should not then have convicted the Petitioner on the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid670758 5th count}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11883891 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4006870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5906763 
\par }\pard \ql \li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5906763 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5906763 (h) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5464055 The conviction against
 the evidence and weight of the evidence in that there was no evidence of any member of the Fiji Waterside Workers and Seamens Unions having heard the Petitioner say anything on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}
{\xmlattrvalue 7}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 5}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}the 5th July 1977{\*\xmlclose}
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4006870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15142007 
\par }\pard \ql \li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5906763 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15142007 (i) The penalty was manifestly excessive.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4006870 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5464055 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4352101 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4352101 16. That}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4352101\charrsid7693548  on }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4352101 6th day of August, 1977 your Petitioner }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4352101\charrsid4352101 VILIAME TAUFA, ERONI SERUKA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11868331 LO}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4352101\charrsid4352101 U,}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4352101  SA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4352101\charrsid4352101 KUISA SECAKE, AISEA DRAILIA, }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4352101 AMINIASI VOS}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4352101\charrsid4352101 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4352101\charrsid4352101  and }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10908058 TAI}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4352101\charrsid4352101 TO RAWAQA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4352101  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10908058 were
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4352101  convicted by the Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10908058 \rquote }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4352101 
s Court of the first class at Suva of the following offence:-
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5791323 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14116004 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14116004\charrsid14116004 SIXTH COUNT
\par STATEMENT OF OFFENCE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14116004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3164304 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14116004\charrsid14116004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1252865 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5791323\charrsid5791323 UNLAWFUL STRIKE}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5791323 : }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1252865 Contrary to Section 12(4) of the Trade Disputes Act, No. 7 of 1973, and Section 37 of the said Act.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1252865 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1252865\charrsid1252865 PARTICULARS OF OFFENCE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1252865 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3164304 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11808844\charrsid1252865 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4352101 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1252865\charrsid4352101 VILIAME TAUFA, ERONI SERUKA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15540750 LO}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1252865\charrsid4352101 U,}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1252865  SA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1252865\charrsid4352101 KUISA SECAKE, AISEA DRAILIA, }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1252865 AMINIASI VOS}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1252865\charrsid4352101 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1252865\charrsid4352101  and }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10908058 TAI}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1252865\charrsid4352101 TO RAWAQA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1252865 , }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15540750 
between the 5th July}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid928462  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\highlight3\langnp2057\insrsid928462\charrsid928462 and?}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1252865  {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}
{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 13}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}13th July, 1977{\*\xmlclose} at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname City}}Suva{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} refused to continue to work, being work which in terms of their employment as registered permanent dockworkers they were bound to do giving rise to reasonable }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710 suspicion that they were taking part in a strike declared to be unlawful by the Minister of Labour on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}
{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 5}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}the 5th July, 1977{\*\xmlclose}.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5791323 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710 
\par 17. That upon their conviction for the said offence your Petitioners were sentenced to 6 months imprisonment.
\par 
\par 18. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16471436 T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11487197 hat your Petitioner}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710 
 desire to appeal against the said conviction and sentence upon the following grounds:-
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16343256 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16343256 (a) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11487197 The conviction}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710  was wrong in law in that
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5392710 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5006789 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5006789 (1) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid540738 the Minister of Labour}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11487197 s order was invalid}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8797078 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid540738 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid540738 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13789174 (2) that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid540738 as a matter of }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11487197 law they were not bound to work}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid540738 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8797078 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid540738 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid540738\charrsid8278544 (b) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710\charrsid8278544 The learned M
agistrate should have quash}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797078 ed the charge in that Section 12(4}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710\charrsid8278544 ) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11487197 
and /or Section 6 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710\charrsid8278544 of the Trade Disputes Act, 1973 is void being in conflict with}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15760407  the Fiji Independence Act 1970}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8797078 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid540738 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8278544 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8278544 (c) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710 
The learned Magistrate should have a quashed the charge in that the charge did not charge your Petitioner with a matter that in law could constitute a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797078 n offence provided by Section 12(4}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15760407  of the Trade Disputes Act 1973}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5392710 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11694271 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11694271 (d) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1972179 The charge did not charge your P}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710 etitioner with mat}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11694271 ters which in law were capable }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710 
upon proper evidence called by the prosecution of constituting an }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797078 offence provided }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9067403 for }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797078 
by Section 12(4}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710 ) of the Trade Disputes Act 1973
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11694271 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11694271 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11694271 (e) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710 That in view of the circumstances}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1972179  stated in this Count the learned}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710  Magistrate was wrong in refusing to order further particulars of the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1972179 said }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710 act c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1972179 onstituting the alleged offence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5392710 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5006789 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5006789 (f) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710 That}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1972179  the learned}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710 
 Magistrate should have held that the complaint was ambiguous and that there was a defect of substance which prejudiced the petitioner and he sh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1972179 ould have dismissed this charge}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8797078 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202218 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5202218 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202218 (g) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121833 The conviction }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710 was against the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812796 evidence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710  and weight of the evidence in that
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5392710 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5202218 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202218 (1) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710 there was no eviden}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1972179 ce that they were bound to work}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392710 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5006789 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5006789 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5006789 (2) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1972179 t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 here was no proper eviden}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1972179 ce that the strike and unlawful}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5006789 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202218 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5202218 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5202218 (3) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1972179 t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 here was no proper evidence that they refused to continue to work as charged or at all
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7954760 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7437802 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7437802 (h) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 The penalty was manifestly excessively.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7954760 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 
\par 19}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14556083 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760  That on the 6th day of August, 1977 your Petitioner }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760\charrsid4352101 
VILIAME TAUFA, ERONI SERUKA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10241823 LO}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760\charrsid4352101 U,}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760  SA}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760\charrsid4352101 KUISA SECAKE, AISEA DRAILIA, }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 AMINIASI VOS}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760\charrsid4352101 I}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760\charrsid4352101  and }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791315 TAI}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760\charrsid4352101 TO RAWAQA}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 were convicted by the Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 
s Court of the first class at Suva of the following offence:-
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7954760 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760\charrsid7954760 SEVENTH COUNT
\par STATEMENT OF OFFENCE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791315\charrsid7954760 
\par }\pard \ql \li-90\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin-90\itap0\pararsid7421907 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760\charrsid7954760 BREACH OF CONTRACT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791315 
: Contrary to Section 14(1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 ) of the Trade Disputes Act, No.7 of 1973 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791315 Section }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 
37 of the said Act.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7954760 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7954760 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760\charrsid7954760 PARTICULARS OF OFFENCE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7954760 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760\charrsid4352101 VILIAME TAUFA, ERONI SERUKA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9117971 LO}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760\charrsid4352101 U,}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760  SA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760\charrsid4352101 KUISA SECAKE, AISEA DRAILIA, }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 AMINIASI VOS}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760\charrsid4352101 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760\charrsid4352101  and }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791315 TAI}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760\charrsid4352101 TO RAWAQA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 , between the 5th July and 13th July, 1977, at Suva wilfully broke their contract}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12015245 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 
 of service, knowing or having reasonable cause to believe that the probable consequences of their doing so, in combination with other members of the Fiji Water}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16451547 side and Seamen}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16451547 s Union and New}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760  Zealand and Australian Union}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476641 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 , would be to deprive the public to a great extent of an essential service to wit: Port and docks services.
\par 
\par 20. That upon their conviction for the said offence your Petitioner}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812796 s were}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760  sentenced to 6 months imprisonment.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812796 21}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 . That your Petitioner desires to appeal against the said conviction and sentence upon the following grounds:-
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7421907 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812796 (a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791315  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 The conviction was wrong in law in that
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11476641 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12734652 
\par }\pard \ql \li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5006789 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5006789\charrsid7421907 (1) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760\charrsid7421907 
Section 16 of the Trade Disputes Act being later than section 14, section 16 should prevail so that section 14 was of no effect in law or alternatively that the words }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760\charrsid7421907 breaks his contract of service}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760\charrsid7421907 
 in section 14 do not include a strike and/or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11476641 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12734652 
\par }\pard \ql \li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid7421907 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7421907 (2) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791315 t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 he provision of section 14 of the Trade Disputes Act when read in Conjunction with other sections of the said Act were at least doubtful and that doubt should have been 
resolved in favour of the liberty of the Petitioner and/or 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11476641 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3553942 
\par }\pard \ql \li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid7421907 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7421907 (3) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791315 t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812796 hat as a matter of law Australian and New Zealand Unions could not combine as charges and/or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11476641 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3553942 
\par }\pard \ql \li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid3553942 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3553942 (4) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791315 t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812796 he charge was bad for duplicity
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7954760 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7421907 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7421907 (b) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 The learned Magistrate should have quashed}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6577624  the charge in that Section 14(1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 ) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6577624 and/or Section 6 of the Trade Disputes Act, 1973 are }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 void being in conflict with the Fiji Independence Act 1970.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11476641 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812796 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7421907 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7421907 (c) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1838451 The l}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 earned Magistrate should have quashed the charge in that t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1838451 he charge did not charge your P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 
etitioner}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812796 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760  wit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12287959 h a matter that in law could}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760  con}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1838451 stitute an offence provided by Section 14}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 (1)}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1838451  of the Trade Disputes Act 1973}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1195041 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812796 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7421907 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7421907 (d) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 T}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8479862 hat charge did not charge your P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 etitioner}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812796 s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760  with matters which in law were }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812796 capable upon}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 
 proper evidence called by the prosecution of constituting a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812796 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8479862  offence provided by Section 14}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 
(1)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8479862  of the Trade Disputes Act 1973}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978964 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812796 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7421907 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7421907 (e) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 That in view of the circumstances}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8479862  stated in this Count the learned}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760  Magistrate was wrong in refusing to order further particulars of the act c}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8479862 onstituting the alleged offence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1195041 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812796 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7421907 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7421907 (f) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14906306 That the learned}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760  Magistrate should have held that the complaint was ambiguous and that there was a defect of substance which prejudiced the petitioner and he sh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14906306 
ould have dismissed this charge}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812796 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978964 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812796 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7421907 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7421907 (g) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14906306 The learned}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812796  Magistrate erred in allowing evidence concerning ce
rtain cables to be given on behalf of the prosecution upon the grounds that the evidence was inadmissible in that it was improperly obtained and was contrary to the provisions of the Fiji Independence Act an}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7421907 d the Telecommunications Act.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812796 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3033508 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812796 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7421907 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7421907 (h) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812796 The learned Ma
gistrate was wrong in law in that having convicted the petitioners on the 6th Count he should not have }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5206833 then }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812796 convicted t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14906306 he petitioners on the 7th count}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812796 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978964 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812796 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7421907 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7421907 (i) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 
The conviction against the evidence and weight of the evidence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14906306  and the learned}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14906306 
Magistrate should have found }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13501972 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13501972 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14906306 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10559591 (1) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139999 
that there was no evidence of combining with Australian and New Zeal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14906306 and Union as alleged}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812796 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978964 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13501972 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14906306 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10559591 (2) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14906306 t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139999 hat there was no evidence that they }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139999 knew or had reasonable cause to know}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139999  th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14906306 e matters alleged in the charge}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139999 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978964 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10559591 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14906306 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16478606 (3) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14906306 t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139999 hat other labour was available to the Fiji Port Authority and by the use of such labour the Ports and Docks Services could have been kept open
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12978964 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812796 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7421907 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7421907 (j) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139999 The penalty was manifestly excessive.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5333237 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12139999 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139999 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7954760 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139999 22}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 
. That on the 6th day of August, 1977 your Petitioner }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139999\charrsid13137482 APISAI VERE}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12139999  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 
was convicted by the Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12784179  Court of the first }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 class at Suva of the following offence:-
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5333237 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5333237 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5333237\charrsid5333237 EIGHT COUNT
\par STATEMENT OF OFFENCE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7954760 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4150545 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4150545 COUNSELLING AN }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4150545\charrsid5791323 UNLAWFUL STRIKE}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4150545 : Contrary to Section 12(}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11877752 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4150545 ) of the Trade Disputes Act, No. 7 of 1973
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11808844 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid11808844 PARTICULARS OF OFFENCE}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4150545\charrsid11808844 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7954760 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid13137482 APISAI VERE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926  AND MANUELI VASIA, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10237694 between the 20th }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 June and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12929732 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}
{\xmlattrvalue 13}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}13th }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 July, 1977{\*\xmlclose} at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname City}}Suva
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} counselled of members of the Fiji Waterside Workers and Seamen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 s {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Union
{\*\xmlclose} and Australian and New Zealand Unions to take part in a strike declared unlawful by the Minister of Labour under section 6(4) of the said Act on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}
{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 5}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}the 5th July, 1977{\*\xmlclose}.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6388926 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 23. That upon his convicti}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 o}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 n for the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12784179  said offence your P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 etitioner was sentenced to }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 6 months }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 imprisonment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 
\par 
\par 24. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 That your Petitioner desires to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926  appeal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 
 against the said con}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 viction and sentence upon the fo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 llo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 wing}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548  grou}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 nds:-
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15605267 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3702423 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 (a) The conviction}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12784179  was wrong}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548  in law in that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6388926 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3702423 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3702423 (1) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 the Minister of Labour}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 s order was invalid and/or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15605267 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3702423 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3702423 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3702423 (2) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 
as a matter of law Australian and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 New }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 Zealand Unions could not take part in the strike and/or}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7043472 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3702423 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3702423 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3702423\charrsid3164304 (3) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid3164304 
the charge was bad for duplicity}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7043472 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11759312 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 (b) The lea}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 r}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 ned Magistrate sh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 ould have quas}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 hed the charg}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 e in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12784179 at Section 12(1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 )}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548  and/or Section 6 of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12784179 the Trade Disputes Act, 1973 is}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3164304 
 void being in conflict with th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 e Fiji Independence Act 1970}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6388926 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11759312 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 (c) T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 he learned Ma}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 gistrate shoul}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12784179 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926  have quashed th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 e charge in that the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 charge}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548  did not }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 charge}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548  your Petitioner with a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 m}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12784179 atter}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548  that in law could co}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 n}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 stitute an offence provided by Section 12(1) of the Trade Disputes }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 A}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 ct 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 9}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 73}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6388926 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11759312 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 (d) The charge did not charge your Petitioner with matters whic}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548  in law were capable upon }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 pr}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 oper evidence called by t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 e prosecution of constitutin}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 g}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548  an offence provided for by Section 12}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 (}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 1) of the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 rade Disputes Act 1973}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715187 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6388926 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11759312 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 (e) That in view of t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 he circum}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 stances stated in this Count the learned }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 M}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 agistrate was wrong }
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548  refu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 sing }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 to order further particulars of t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 
e act constituting the alleged offence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715187 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9715187 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715187 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11759312 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715187 (f)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642484  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 That the learned Magistr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 te should have }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 eld that the complaint was ambiguous and that there was a defect of subs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 ance whic}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548  prejudiced the petitioner and }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 e should have dismissed this }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642484 charge}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6388926 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5248983 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 (g) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 
The learned Magistrate erred in allowing evidence concerning certain cables t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 o be given on behalf of the prosecution upon th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 e gro}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 u}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 nds }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 that the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548  evidence was ina}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 dm}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 
issible in that it was improperly obtained and was contrar}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 y}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548  to the provisions of the Fiji Indep}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11759312 endence Act and the Telecommuni}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 cations Act
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6388926 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5248983 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5248983 (h) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 The conviction was aga}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 inst t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 he evidence and weight}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642484  of the evidence and the learned }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 Magistrate should have found
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6388926 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3043945 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3043945 (1) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 that the Minister of Labour}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 s order was invalid
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3164304 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5248983 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3043945 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3043945 (2) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 
that there was no evidence of counselling an unlawful strike
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3164304 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5248983 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3043945 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3043945 (3) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 that there was no evidence that any member 
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642484 of the Fiji Waterside Workers and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 Seamens Union was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6296419  in fact counselled as charged}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3164304 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715187 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3043945 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3043945 (4) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6296419 t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 hat there was no evidence that Australian and New Zealand Un}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6296419 ions were counselled as charged}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11808844 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11808844 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11808844 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7764334 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7764334 (i) The penalty was manifestly excessive.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7764334 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7764334 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11808844 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11955725 25}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11808844 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid7693548 That on }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 6th day of August, 1977 your Petitioner }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15492544\charrsid15492544 APISAI VERE
}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926\charrsid15492544  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 was convicted by the Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 s Court of the first class at Suva of the following offence:-
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6388926 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388926 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11808844 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6296419 NINTH COUNT}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11808844\charrsid11808844 
\par STATEMENT OF OFFENCE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6388926 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7954760\charrsid7954760 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7693548 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10827998\charrsid5964134 ENCOURAGEMENT OF UNLAWFUL STRIKE}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10827998 
: }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6296419 Section 12 (1) and S}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964134 ection 37 of the Trade Disputes Act, 1973}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7693548 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964134 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5964134 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964134\charrsid5964134 PARTICULARS OF OFFENCE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7693548 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964134 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14617370 APISAI}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964134\charrsid14957470  VERE AND MANUELI VASIA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964134 , between the 20th June and 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 13}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}13th July, 1977{\*\xmlclose}, at 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname City}}Suva{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} encouraged members of the Fiji Waterside Workers and Seamen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964134 s {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Union{\*\xmlclose} and Australian and New Zealand Unions to take part in a strike }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15492544 declared}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964134  unlawfu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6296419 l by the M}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964134 in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6296419 
ister of Labour under Section 6}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964134 (4) of the said Act on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}
{\xmlattrvalue 5}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}the 5th July}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6296419 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5964134  1977{\*\xmlclose}
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6245315 26. That upon their convictions for the said offence your }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16584815 P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6245315 
etitioner was sentence to 6 months imprisonment.
\par 
\par 27. That your }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16584815 P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6245315 etitioner desires to appeal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5244996  against the said conviction and sente}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12736075 nce upon the following grounds:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5244996 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6245315 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5244996 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16584815 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5244996 (a) The conviction was wrong in law in that
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7693548 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5244996 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16584815 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12736075 (1) the M}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5244996 inister of Labour}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12736075 s order was invalid and/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5244996 or
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7693548 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5244996 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16584815 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5244996 (2) as a matter of law Australian and New Zealand Unions could not take part in th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12736075 e strike and/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5244996 or
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7693548 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5244996 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16584815 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5244996 (3) the charge was bad for duplicity
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5244996 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5244996 
\par (b) The learned Magistrate should have quashe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1721446 d the charge in that S}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2310619 ection 12}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1721446 (1) and/}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5244996 or Section 6 of the Trade Disputes Act, 1973 is void being in conflict with the Fiji Independence Act 1970
\par 
\par (c)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2310619  T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5244996 he }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2310619 learned M}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5244996 
agistrate should have quashed the charge in that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1721446 the charge did not charge your P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5244996 etitioner with a matter that in law could constitute}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1721446  an offence provided by S}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2310619 ection 12(1) of the Trade Disputes Act 1973
\par 
\par (d) T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10102564 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1721446 e charge did not charge your P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2310619 etit}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10102564 io}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2310619 ner with matters which in law}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10102564 
 were capable upon proper evidence called by the prosecution of constituting an offence provided for by Section 12 (1) of the Trade Disputes Act 1973}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5244996 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10102564 
\par (e) That in view of the circumstances stated in this Count the learned Magistrate was wrong in refusing to order further particulars of the act constituting the alleged offence
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10102564\charrsid4862802 (f) That the learned Magistrate should have held that the complaint was ambiguous and that there was a defect of substance which prejudice the petitioner and h
e should have dismissed this charge}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10102564 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6644130 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16584815 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16584815 (g) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6644130 
The learned Magistrate erred in allowing evidence concerning certain cables to be given on behalf}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892957  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6644130 
of the prosecution upon the grounds that the evidence was in admissible in that it was improperly obtain}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892957 ed and w
as contrary to the provisions of the Fiji Independence Act and the Telecommunications Act.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6644130 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16584815 
\par (h) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2428909 The learned}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892957 
 Magistrate was wrong in law in that having convicted the petitioner on the 8th Count he should not then have convicted him on the 9th Count.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15425652 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15425652 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15425652 (i) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892957 The  conviction was aga}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892957\charrsid7693548 inst t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892957 he evidence and weigh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14820967 t of the evidence and the learned}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892957  Magistrate should have found
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3950803 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892957 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892957 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li1530\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1530\wrapdefault\faauto\ls16\adjustright\rin0\lin1530\itap0\pararsid3950803 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892957 that the Minister of Labour}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892957 s order was invalid
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14617370 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3950803 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892957 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li1530\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1530\wrapdefault\faauto\ls16\adjustright\rin0\lin1530\itap0\pararsid4011183 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892957 that there was no evidence of counselling an unlawful strike
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14617370 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4011183 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892957 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li1530\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1530\wrapdefault\faauto\ls16\adjustright\rin0\lin1530\itap0\pararsid4011183 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892957 that there was no evidence that any member }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14820967 of the Fiji Waterside Workers and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892957 Seamen}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14820967 \rquote }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892957 s {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Union{\*\xmlclose} was in fact counselled as charged. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14617370 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4011183 
\par }\pard \ql \li1170\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1170\itap0\pararsid4011183 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4011183 (4) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892957 
That there was no evidence that Australian and New Zealand Unions were counselled as charged.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3892957 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892957 
\par (j) The penalty is manifestly excessive.
\par }\pard \qj \li90\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx90\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin90\itap0\pararsid16150067 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16150067 
\par }\pard \qj \li90\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx90\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin90\itap0\pararsid490670 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid490670 28.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892957\charrsid7693548 That on }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892957 6th day of August, 1977 your Petitioner }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16150067\charrsid7556173 APISAI VERE}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892957 
 was convicted by the Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892957 s Court of the first class at Suva of the following offence:-
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3892957 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892957 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3892957 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16150067 TENTH}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892957\charrsid11808844  COUNT
\par STATEMENT OF OFFENCE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892957 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid788707 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707\charrsid7954760 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707\charrsid788707 CAUSING BREACH OF CONTRACT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 : Section 14 (2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9783157 ) with}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7891884 S}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 ection 37 of the Trade Disputes Act}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9773904 
 No.7 of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 1973
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid788707 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707\charrsid5964134 PARTICULARS OF OFFENCE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid788707 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14617370 APISAI}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791546  VERE }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid791546\charrsid791546 and}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707\charrsid14957470  MANUELI VASIA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 , between the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9783157 15}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 th June and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9783157 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}
{\xmlattrvalue 5}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}5}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 th July, 1977{\*\xmlclose}, at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname City}}Suva
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9783157 caused}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707  members of the Fiji Waterside Workers and Seamen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 s }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11690097 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Union{\*\xmlclose} }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 to }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9783157 break their contract of service.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9587074 29. That upon his}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707  convict}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3496292 ions for the said offence your P}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 etitioner was sentence to 6 months imprisonment.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9587074 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9587074 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9587074 
30. That your Petitioner desires to appeal against the said conviction and sentence upon the following grounds:-
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9587074 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1080\wrapdefault\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid7891884 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9587074 The conviction was wrong in law in that
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8143672 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7891884 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9587074 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1440\wrapdefault\faauto\ls18\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7891884 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9587074 Section 16 of the Trade Disputes Act being later than section 14, section 16 should prevail so that section 14 was of no effect in law or alternatively that the words }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9587074 breaks his contract of service}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9587074 
 in section 14 do not include a strike and/or
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8143672 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7891884 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9587074 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1440\wrapdefault\faauto\ls18\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7891884 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9587074 The provision}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7891884 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9587074 
 of section 14 of the Trade Disputes Act when read in Conjunction with other sections of the said Act were at least doubtful and that doubt should have been resolved in favour of the liberty of the Petitioner and/or 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8143672 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7891884 
\par }\pard \ql \li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid7891884 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7891884 (3) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9587074 The charge was bad for duplicity
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid788707 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8547204 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 (b) The learned Magistrate should have quash}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1986179 
ed the charge in that section 14(2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16068325 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707  of the Tr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16068325 ade Disputes Act }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 1973 is void being in conflict with the Fiji Independence Act 1970
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid788707 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8547204 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 (c) The learned Magistrate should have quashed t
he charge in that the charge did not charge your petitioner with a matter that in law could constitute a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid873526 n offence provided by S}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1986179 ection 14(2}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 ) of the Trade Disputes Act 1973
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid788707 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8547204 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 (d) The charge did not charge your petitioner with matters which in law were capable
 upon proper evidence called by the prosecution of constituting an of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1986179 fence provided for by Section 14 (2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 ) of the Trade Disputes Act 1973
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid788707 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8547204 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 
(e) That in view of the circumstances stated in this Count the learned Magistrate was wrong in refusing to order further particulars of the act constituting the alleged offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid788707 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8547204 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 
(f) That the learned Magistrate should have held that the complaint was ambiguous and that there was a defect of substance which prejudice}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1986179 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1918298  the P}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 etitioner and he should have dismissed this charge
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid788707 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14092491 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8547204 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14092491 (g) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 The}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15078876  learned}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707  Magistrate was wrong in law in that having convicted the petitioner on }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14092491 either }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 the 8th }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14092491 or 9th }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 Count he should not then have convicted him on the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14092491 10}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2689784 th Count}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14092491 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6967991 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8547204 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720955 (h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6967991 )}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720955  The}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707  conviction was aga}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707\charrsid7693548 inst t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 he evidence and weight of the evidence }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720955 in that there was no evid}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10568842 ence that the Petitioner did or
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720955  said anything to cause members of Fiji}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14309766  Water}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720955 side Workers and Seamen}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720955 s {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Union{\*\xmlclose} to break their}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7215287 
 contract of service as charged}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6967991 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720955 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8547204 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720955 (i) The penalty was manifestly }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 excessive. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720955 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3284144 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8547204 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8547204 31.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707\charrsid7693548 That on }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8809854 6th day of August, 1977 your p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 etitioner }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707\charrsid4152454 APISAI VERE}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707  was convicted by the Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707 s Court of the first class at Suva of the following offence:-

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4082173 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788707\charrsid11808844 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3284144 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 ELEVENTH}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144\charrsid11808844  COUNT
\par STATEMENT OF OFFENCE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3284144 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144\charrsid7954760 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144\charrsid3284144 COUNSELLED BREACH OF CONTRACT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15887852 : Section 14 (2) with S}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 ecti}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15284655 on 37 of the Trade Disputes Act No.7 of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144  1973
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3284144 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144\charrsid5964134 PARTICULARS OF OFFENCE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3284144 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14617370 APISAI}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5386750  VERE }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5386750\charrsid5386750 and}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144\charrsid5386750  }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144\charrsid14957470 MANUELI VASIA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 
, between the 15th June and 5th July, 1977 at Suva, counselled members of the Fiji Waterside Workers and Seamen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 s }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5386750 Union}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144  to break their contract of service.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10888832 32}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 . That upon his convictions for the said offence your petitioner was se}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3487242 
ntence to 6 months imprisonment}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 
\par 
\par 3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12983644 3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 . That your Petitioner desires to appeal against the said conviction and sentence upon the following grounds:-
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1080\wrapdefault\faauto\ls27\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid12983644 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 The conviction was wrong in law in that
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5995373 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12983644 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1440\wrapdefault\faauto\ls20\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12983644 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 Section 16 of the Trade Disputes Act being later than section 14, section 16 should prevail so that section 14 was of no effect in law or alternatively that the words }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 breaks his contract of service}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 
 in section 14 do not include a strike and/or
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5995373 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12983644 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1440\wrapdefault\faauto\ls20\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12983644 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 
The provision of section 14 of the Trade Disputes Act when read in Conjunction with other sections of the said Act were at least doubtful and that doubt should have been resolved in favour of the liberty of the Petitioner and/or 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5995373 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12983644 
\par }\pard \ql \li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid12983644 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12983644 (3) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 The charge was bad for duplicity
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3284144 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12983644 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 (b) The learned Magistrate should have quashe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4719391 
d the charge in that S}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10888832 ection 14(2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6831502 ) of the Trade }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 
Disputes Act, 1973 is void being in conflict with the Fiji Independence Act 1970
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3284144 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12983644 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 (c) The learned Magistrate sh
ould have quashed the charge in that the charge did not charge your petitioner with a matter that in law could con}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2451158 stitute an offence provided by S}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 
ection 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10888832 4}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10888832 2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 
) of the Trade Disputes Act 1973
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3284144 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12983644 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 (d) The charge did not charge your petitioner with matters which 
in law were capable upon proper evidence called by the prosecution of constituting an offence provided for b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815335 y Section 14 (2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 
) of the Trade Disputes Act 1973
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3284144 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12983644 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 (e) That in view of the circumstances stated in this Count the learned Magistrate was wrong in refu
sing to order further particulars of the act constituting the alleged offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3284144 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12983644 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 
(f) That the learned Magistrate should have held that the complaint was ambiguous and that there was a defect of substance which prejudice the petitioner and he should have dismissed this charge
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3284144 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12983644 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2696620 (g) The learned}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 
 Magistrate was wrong in law in that having co}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2124321 nvicted the petitioner on}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144  the 8th or }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8484926 9th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815335  and 10th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144  Count}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815335 s (or any of them)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 
 he should not then have convicted him on the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815335 11}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 th Count.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3284144 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12983644 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 (h) The conviction was aga}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144\charrsid7693548 inst t
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 he evidence and weight of the evidence in that there was no evidence that the Petitio}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7365875 ner did or}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9582628  said anything to counsel}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144  members o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1276740 f Fiji Water}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 side Workers and Seamen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 s {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Union{\*\xmlclose}
 to break their}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2638252  contract of service as charged}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3284144 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12983644 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12983644 (i) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 The penalty was manifestly excessive.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144  
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15815335 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815335 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10304046 I propose to first consider whether sections 12(1) and/or section 6 of the Trade Disputes Act 1973 are void as being in conflict with the Fiji Independence Act 1970 which I will hereafter}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293639  refer to as the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10304046  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10304046 Constitution}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10304046 . This involves six grounds of appeal:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5645423 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10304046 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6497951 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10304046 3(b), 6(b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10304046\charrsid7693548 )}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10304046 , 9(b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10304046\charrsid7693548 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10304046 , 18(b}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10304046\charrsid7693548 ), }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10304046 24(b)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11731233 ,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10304046\charrsid7693548  and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10304046 27(b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10304046\charrsid7693548 )}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10304046 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15075916 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6497951 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5650420 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6497951 Section 2 of the Constitution provides:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15075916 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6497951 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6497951 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6497951 This Constitution is the Supreme Law of F}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606740 iji and if any other law is in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6497951 consistent with this Constitution, that other law shall, to the extent of the inconsistency be void.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6497951 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15075916 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6497951 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6497951 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6497951 
Chapter 2 of the Constitution is, as Mr. Newman stated, in the nature of a Bill of Rights and the general aims of this Chapter are set out in section 3 which reads as follows:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11414721 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5587872 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11414721 
3. Whereas every person in Fiji is entitled to the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual, that is to say, the right, whatever his race, place of origin, polit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108033 ical opinions, colour, creed or
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11414721  sex, but subject to respect for the rights and freedoms of others and for the public interest, to each and all o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108033 f the following, namely}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11414721 \endash  
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6497951 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11414721 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5587872 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5587872 (a) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11414721 
life, liberty, security of the person and the protection of the law;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15075916 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5587872 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5587872 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5587872 (b) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11414721 
freedom of conscience, of expression and of assembly and association; and
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15075916 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5587872 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5587872 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5587872 (c) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11414721 
protection for the privacy of his home and other property and from deprivation of property without compensation
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11414721 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11414721 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6497705 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11414721 the provisions of this Chapter shall }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10709797 have }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11414721 effect for the purpose of affording protection to those rights and freedoms subject to such limitations of that protection as are c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108033 
ontained in those provisions, be}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11414721 ing}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108033  limitations designed to ensure that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11414721 
 the enjoyment of the said rights and freedoms}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714382  by any person does not prejudice the rights and freedoms of others or the public interest.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11414721 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11414721 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714382 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6497705 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714382 Notwithstanding that section 3 starts with the word }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714382 Whereas}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714382  wh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2777390 ich is more appropriate to a pream}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9900475 ble than a substantive}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714382  section, I agree with the views expressed by both counsel that section 3 must be given full force and effect. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12141873 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11414721 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12141873 
\par In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12141873\charrsid12141873 Olivier and Another v. Buttigieg}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12141873 
 (1996) 2 ALL E.R. 459 the Privy Council considered section 5 of the Malta Constitution which is identical }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid745927 to section 3 of the Fiji Constitution. Lord Morris of Borth-Y-Gest stated at page 461:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10302718 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid745927 
It is to be noted that the section begins with the word }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid745927 Whereas}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid745927 . Though the sectio}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14039520 n must be given such declaratory}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid745927 
 force as it independently possesses, it would appear in the mai}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10648520 n to be of the nature of a pream}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid745927 ble. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15688163 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16061055 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15688163 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid745927 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15688163 
It is an introduction to and in a sense a prefatory or explanatory note in regard to the sections which are to follow. It is a declaration of entitlement \endash  coupled however with a declaration that though }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2644039 every person in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Malta}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}"}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2644039  is entitled to the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2644039 fundamental}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11143934  rights and freedoms of the individual}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11143934  as specified, yet such entitlement is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11143934 
subject to respect for the rights and freedoms of others and for the public interest}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11143934 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14827952 
 The section appears to proceed by way of explanation of the scheme of the succeeding sections. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6759327 
The provisions of Part 2 are to have effect for the purpose of protecting the fundamental rights and freedoms, but the section }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9270351 proceeds to explain that, since even those rights and freedoms of othe
rs and to the public interest, it will be found that in the particular succeeding }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6689800 sec}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15873904 tions which give protection for}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6689800  the fundamental rights and freedoms there will be }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6689800 
such limitations of that protection as are contained in those provisions}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6689800 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8070487 
 Further words, which again are explanatory, are added. It is explained what the nature of the limitations will be found to be. They will be limitations designed to ensure that the enjoyment of the said rights and freedoms by any individual does not preju
dice the rights and freedoms of others or the public interest.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714382 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16061055 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8070487 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8070487 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8070487 I agree with Mr. Newman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8070487 s submission as regards section 3 when he stated:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8070487 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8070487 
The effect in my submission, is that none of the subsequent limitations upon the freedoms guaranteed can be applied 
or understood in a sense which goes beyond ensuring that the exercise of the protected rights and freedoms does not prejudice the rights and the freedoms of other}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3091495 s or the public interest}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8070487 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8070487 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16061055 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8070487 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11041259 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11041259 Mr. Newman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11041259 s argument is tha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10950900 t section 12(1) of the Trade}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11041259  Disputes 
Act is invalid by reasons of section 12 or 13 of the Constitution. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8070487 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823784 
\par Section 12(1) of the Trades Disputes Act reads as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2823784 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823784 12. (1) An
y person who in connection with any strike, lock out or boycott declared under the provisions of this Act to be unlawful, causes or procures or counsels or in any way encourages, persuades or influences others to take part in any such strike, lo}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11347792 c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823784 k out or boycott shall be guilty of an offence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823784 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11041259 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823784 
\par Section 12 and 13 of the Constitution read as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2823784 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823784 
12(1) Except with his own consent, no person shall be hindered in the enjoyment of his freedom of expression, that is to say, freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart ideas and information wi}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11949855 thout interference, and freedom}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823784  from interference with his correspondence.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5076207 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823784 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2823784 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823784 (2) Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7815242 inconsistent }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823784 with or in contravention of this section to the extent that the la}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12194502 
w in question makes provision -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823784 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11041259 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823784 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823784 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1440\wrapdefault\faauto\ls14\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2823784 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823784 in the interests of defence, public safety, public order, public moral}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7815242 i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823784 ty or public health;

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5076207 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16133637 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823784 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1440\wrapdefault\faauto\ls14\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16133637 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823784 for the purpose of protecting the reputation, rights or freedoms of other persons or the private lives of persons concerned in legal proceedings, preventing the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid144205 disclosures of information received in confidence, maintaining the authority and independence of the courts, or regulating the technical }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12255674 
administration or the technical }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075975 operation of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid144205  telephony, telegraphy, posts, wireless broadcast or television; or}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823784 
\par }\pard \ql \li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16133637 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16133637 
\par (c) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid144205 for the imposition of restriction upon publi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5075975 c officers, except so far as that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid144205 
 provision or, as the case may be, the thing done under the authority thereof is shown not to be reasonably justifiable in a democratic society. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid144205 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid144205 
\par 13(1) Except with his own consent, no person shall be hindered in the enjoyment of his freedom of assembly and association, that 
is to say, his right to assemble freely and association with other persons and in particular to form or belong to trade unions or other associations for the protection of his interest.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14952219 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3358666 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14952219 (2) Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall 
be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this section to the extent that the l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12194502 aw in question makes provision -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14952219 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid144205 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14952219 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971502 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1080\wrapdefault\faauto\ls21\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid3358666 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971502 in the interests of defence, public safety, public order, public morality or public health;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5381780 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358666 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971502 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1080\wrapdefault\faauto\ls21\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid3358666 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971502 for the purpose of protecting the rights or freedoms of other person; or
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5381780 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358666 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3358666 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3358666 (c) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971502 for the imposition of restrictions upon publi
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid477884 c officers, except so far as that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971502  provision or, as the case may be, the thing done under the authority thereof is shown not to be rea
sonably justifiable in a democratic society.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971502 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1971502 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971502 
\par Mr. Newman argues that for a person to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10254497  counsel somebody else to engage}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971502 
 in a strike would be exercising the right given by section 12 to hold opinions and to receive and impart ideas. He further argues that no part of section 12(1) of the Trade Disputes Act}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9132685 
 in any way falls within subsection 2 of section 12}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971502  of the Constitution}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14506888  and in any event suc}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11296029 h a provision is not reasonably}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9132685  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14506888 justifiable in a democratic society.
\par 
\par Mr. Newman referred to a number of cases in support of his argument that a strike is not unlawful at common law which I shall not cite as it is a well established proposition. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4269160 
Leading from this, however, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12603122 is the question of whether a law which gives a Minister authority to declare a strike unlawful is a cons}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid265941 
titutional. Mr. Newman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12603122  contended that/law which commits to the arbitrary discretion of a Minister a power to declare a strike unlawful with the consequential curtailment of freedom to encourage tha}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13515945 t strike is not consistent with}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12603122  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid265941 the freedom of speech which }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12603122 section 12 of the Constitution guarantees. He quoted }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11296029 Hughes and Vale Pty. Ltd. v}{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12603122\charrsid12603122 . State of New South Wales}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6619204  (1955) A.C. 241.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14952219 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1989348 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6619204 This}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1989348  case is distinguishable. It was concerned with the provisions of t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4539436 he Stat
e Transport (Co-Ordination}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12194502 ) Act 1931 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1989348  1951 of the State of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname State}}
New South Wales{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} requiring application to be made  for a licence which may be granted or refused by an official of the Executive in his uncontrolled discretion. It was held this legislation was inv
alid as contravening section 92 of the Constitution of the Commonwealth}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1914840  of Australia which provides that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1914840 \'85.. trade, commerce and intercourse among the States, whether by means of internal carriage or ocean navigation shall be absolutely free}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1914840 .
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15345339 The Fiji Constitution does not give freedom to strike nor does it prohibit strikes. Nor does the Trade Disputes Act makes strikes illegal. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13455345 
What the Act seeks to do is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13455345 to make provision for the settlement of trade disputes and the regulation of industrial relations}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13455345 . }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16002234 
There is a difference between prohibiting and regulating strikes and Hugh and Vale Pty. Ltd.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16002234 
s case cites many instances of regulating legislation as regards }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6094895 inter state transport which do not infringe section 92 of the Australian Constitution.
\par 
\par The Trade Disputes Act does not give the Minister }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237159 an }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3819203 unrestricted power }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6094895 
to declare any strike illegal, but it does give him a discretion to declare a strike unlawful in specified circumstances.
\par 
\par Under section 6(4) the Minister may by order prohibit the c
ontinuance of a strike and declare it unlawful where the trade dispute has been referred to conciliation or to a tribunal. It is to be noted that the Minister can only act after the trade dispute has been}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4006115  so}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6094895  referred. He cannot prohibit the strike but only the continuation of it.
\par 
\par Under Section 8 of the Act, where there is an actual or declared strike, if the Minister is satisfied that all practical means of reaching a settlement of the dispute through}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4989479 
 the procedure laid down in registered agreement or the procedure under}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6094895  the provisions of the Act have not been exhausted he may declare the strike to be unlawful.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid597412 Under Section 9 the Minister may also declare a strike unlawful where a dispute has b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3819203 een settled by agreement or/}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid597412 the terms of an award. (Section 10 of the Act which permits the Minister to declare sympathy and other strikes unlawful has not been brought into force.) }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6094895 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5253202 
\par Thus the Minister}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5253202 s discretion is not unfettered, but is confined to instances where there is machinery to settle the dispute to which
 recourse should be had, or where the dispute has been settled. In my view this}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9992033  is}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5253202 
 in the public interest, and I find nothing unconstitutional in the provisions of the Act which provide for the Minister to declare a strike unlawful }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11473354 in }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5253202 such circumstances.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3802971 There remains the question whether section 12(1) of the Act is void, as submitted by Mr. Newman.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5253202 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3802971 
\par In my view this submission can be disposed of by the axiom that, if a course of action is unlawful, it is legitimate for sanctions to be imposed on persons who induce others to take part in an unlawful action. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388869 
I have held that the Minister may declare a strike unlawful, from which it follows that provision may be made for penalties to be imposed on those who wilfully act in furtherance of a strike declared to be unlawful. However }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388869\charrsid11473354 ex abundante cautela}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388869 , I shall deal with points raised by Mr. Newman.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3802971 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388869 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16591457 Mr. Newman contends that section }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11090649 12}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5261835  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11090649 
(}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16591457 1) of the Act infringes a person}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16591457 s right to freedom of expression. He }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14226662 referred}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16591457  to a number of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} decisions relating to the First Amendment of the United States Constitution and he contended that section 12 of the Fiji Constitution was derived from the First }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11677878 Amendment. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16591457 The First Amendment (1791) reads:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6388869 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16591457 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16591457 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16591457 Congress shall mak
e no law respecting an establishment or religion or prohibiting the full exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech or the press; or the right of people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16591457 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11758035 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16591457 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14968399 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14968399 Mr. Newman referred to the case of }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14968399\charrsid14968399 Whitney v. California}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14968399  274 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}US}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5577444 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} 357. T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14968399 his case was overruled by the U.S. Supreme Court in }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14968399\charrsid14968399 Bradenburg v. State of Ohio}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14968399  395 US 444 where it was held that the constitutional guarantees of free speech }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9856641 and free press did not}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2910745  permit a state to forbid or pre}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9856641 
scribe advocacy of the use of force or of law violation except where such advocacy was directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless action and was likely to incite or produce such action.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16591457 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9856641 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12783266 The legislation attacked in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname State}}Brandenburg}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}'}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12783266 s case was one which by its own words and as applied purported to punish mere}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8999046  advocacy and to forbid, }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12783266 on pain of criminal punishment, assembly with others merely to advocate the described type of action. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9856641 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14226662 
\par The Trade Disputes Act section 12 is not in the same category as the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}US{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 legislation referred to. The section is confined to actions by a person to (inter alia) influence others to participate in a strike already declared unlawful.
\par 
\par In {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname State}}Brand}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid813790 en}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14226662 burg}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}'}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14226662 s case there are dicta which indicate that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14226662 free speech}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14226662  does not mean absolute freedom to say what a person likes when he likes. At page 431 appears this passage:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9896830 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9896830 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9896830 
For the purposes of determining whether constitutional guarantees of free speech and free press are violated, the mere abstract teaching o
f the moral propriety or even moral necessity for a resort to force and violence is not the same as preparing a group for violent action and steeling it to such action and a statute which fails to draw this distinction impermissibility intrudes upon the f
reedoms guaranteed by the First and Fourteenth Amendment \'85\'85.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9896830 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11758035 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9896830 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9896830 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9896830 Section 12(1) of the Trade Disputes Act does not forbid a person }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9896830 to hold opinions and to receive and impart ideas and information without interference}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9896830  as referred to in section 12 of the Constitution. What it does prohibit is the active causing, procuring, counselling, encouraging, persuading or influencing others to participate in a strike declared }
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28738 unlawful. It is one thing to have freedom of expression but quite another t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848647 hing to use that freedom to get others }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28738 to take part in an unlawful strike.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9896830 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28738 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9982534 In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9982534\charrsid9982534 Francis v Chief of Police}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9982534  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13256625 1970 15 W.I.R. 1 the Court of Appeal of the West Indies Associated States dealt with a case which considered whether an enactment violated rights of fr
eedoms of expression or assembly. Sections 10 and 11 of the Saint Christopher, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Nevis{\*\xmlclose} and Anguilla Constitution Order 1967 are identical to sections 12 and 13 of the Fiji Constitution.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28738 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13256625 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078332 Gordon C.J. stated in that case that all rights and freedoms to which p
ersons in a democratic society are entitled must be limited to the extent that they do not interfere with rights and freedoms of others. He quoted the dictum of Wooding C.J. in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078332\charrsid11758035 
Collymore and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078332  }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078332\charrsid12078332 Abraham v. Attorney General}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078332  (1967) 12 W.I.R. at p.9:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13256625 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078332 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12078332 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078332\charrsid14645318 My first o
bservation is that individual freedom in any community is never absolute. No person}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7882864 
 in an ordered society can be free to be anti-social. For the protection of his own freedom everyone must pay due regard to the conflicting rights and freedoms of others. If
 not, freedom will become lawless and end in anarchy. Consequently, it is and has in every ordered society }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4667316 
always been the function of the law so to regulate the conduct of human affairs as to balance the competing rights and freedoms of those who comprise the society.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078332 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4667316 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6968904 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4667316 Cecil Lewis J\'85. stated in that case:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12078332 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4667316 \'85
. the fundamental rights and freedoms specified therein while they are protected by the Constitution are nevertheless subject to the limitation }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5712849 
that their enjoyment should not prejudice the rights and freedoms of others or the public interest.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4667316 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12194502 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5712849 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5712849 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5712849 Collymore}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5712849 s case was a case which went to the Privy Council (1969) 15 W.I.R. 229 and the issue was whether a statute was ultra vires the Constitution of Trinidad and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Tobago
{\*\xmlclose}. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7162982 The statute introduced compulsory }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5244644 arbitration }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9445260 
and prohibited the calling of a strike in cont
ravention of its provisions. It was held that the Act abridged the freedom to bargain collectively and the freedoms to strike; but that neither of those freedoms could be equated with the freedom of association and assembly which merely connotes the right
 of persons to associate or assemble and does not include the purposes for which they associate or the objects which in association they pursue. Lord Donovan quoted an extract from Wooding C.J.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9445260 s judgement}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2491242 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5712849 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9896830 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28738 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2491242 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2491242 
In my judgment, then, freedom of association mea
ns no more than freedom to enter into consensual arrangements to promote the common interest objects of the associating group. The objects may be any of many. They may be religious or social, political or philosophical, economic or professional, e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4539360 ducationa
l or cultural, sporting or charitable. But the freedom to associate confers neither right nor licence for a course of conduct or for the commission of acts which in the view of Parliament are inimical to the peace, order and good government of the country
.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28738 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4539360 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4539360 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1801563 
Mr. Newman argued that section 12(1) of the Trade Disputes Act cannot be said to be a law which makes provision in any way covered by subsection (2) of section 12 of the Constitution. He contended that section 12(1) could not be said to be in the intere
sts of defence, public}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6908652  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12393183 safety, public order, public }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6908652 
morality or public health (section 12 (2) (a) of the Constitution).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4539360 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6908652 
\par If the section is not in the interests of public order, and I incline to the view that is, it is a provision enacted for the purpose of protecting the rights or freedoms of others as provided in the subsection (2) (b) of section}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9835750  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6908652 12 of the Constitution. In the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Fiji{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 context there can be few major strikes which do not adversely affect the general public. In the instant case the com}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6774964 mercial public have the right or}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6908652  freedom to engage in trade or commerce. A refusal to work the ship interferes with the right or freedom.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4790138 Of more significance however is the wording of section 3 of the Constitution to which section}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3562788 
 the other sections of Chapter II are subordinate. I interpret subsection (2) of both sections 12 and 13 as specifying limitations on subsections (1) in both sections but not necessarily all the limitations. There still has to be taken into consideration 
the overriding final words of section 3:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6908652 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3562788 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13585555 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13585555 \'85
..being limitations designed to ensure that the enjoyment of the said rights and freedoms by any person does not prejudice the right and freedoms of others }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13585555\charrsid3081052 or the public interest.}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3562788\charrsid3081052 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14968399 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14226662\charrsid3081052 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1971502 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13585555 I have underlined the words }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13585555 the public interest}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6639248 . There is no express reference to }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6639248 the public interest}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6639248 
 in subsections (2)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1140025  of sections 12 and 13. While the limitations specified are in the public interest I do not consider the omission of any specific reference to }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1140025 public interest}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1140025  in
 the subsections to be exclusionary, as effect must be given to the operative provisions of sections 3 where the words }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1140025 the public interest}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1140025  are used twice.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6094895 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1140025 
\par Since sections 12 and 13 were, as section 3 states, designed to ensure that the public interest is not prejudiced by the enjoyment of individual rights and freedoms, the sections must be interpreted so as to protect the public interest.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12149684 As I have already stated there can be few major strikes }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4539228 in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}
Fiji{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} which do not affect adversely the public. In a democ
ratic society the general public have the right and freedom to work, to travel, to the amenities of life, to trade and to essential services to mention only a few of such rights; and legislation which seeks to protect such rights is clearly in the public 
interest.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1140025 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1989348 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid144205 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13465327 
The Trade Disputes Act does not prohibit strikes but it does seek to regulate the right to strike in the interests of the public. There is no freedom to strike provided by the Const
itution. It is a right recognised by common law. No authority has been quoted to me which hold}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11154830 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13465327  that the legislature cannot enact }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid923096 legislation which regulates that right to strike. A government which failed to regulate strikes which could adversely affect n
ational or public interests would be failing in its duty to protect the rights and freedoms which the public are entitled to enjoy and exercise in a democratic society.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid144205 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13777314 
\par In Collymore}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13777314 s case where an enactment which prohibited strikes was considered by the 
Privy Council it was not held that such enactment as regards prohibition of strikes was unconstitutional.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid144205 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13777314 The Trade Disputes Act recognises the right to strike but only if the procedure laid down is followed. If that procedure is not followed then a strike can be declared unlawful.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid144205 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13777314 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1531153 There is no doubt in my mind that the provisions of the Trade Disputes Act are in the public interest and are not unconstitutional. The appeal on grounds 3(b), 6(b), 9(b)}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14246006 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1531153  18(b), 24(b), and 27(b) accordingly fails.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13777314 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6630540 
\par I have deci
ded to consider Counts 1, 2, 3, 6, 8 and 9 which all arise out of the alleged unlawful strike. This involves consideration of grounds 6(a), 6(h), 9(a), 9(h), 18(a), 24(a), 24(h), 27(a) and 27(i). While some of the other grounds overlap it is sufficient at
 this stage to deal only with the grounds stated above.
\par 
\par The first matter to consider is whether the Minister}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6630540 
s Order made under section 6(4) of the Trade Disputes Act is valid. If it is invalid then the convictions on the counts I have mentioned above are wrong in law. In Cr. App. No.44 of 1976 }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6630540\charrsid10440789 Ujagar Singh and Others v. D.P.P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6630540  the Court of Appeal stated it was not necessary for the prosecution to call evidence to}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10440789  establish the validity of the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3091736  order of the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10440789 
 Minister made under section 8 of the Trade Disputes Act 1973. It is prima facie valid. However it is open to the appellants to challenge the validity of the Minister}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10440789 s Order in the instant case in view of the evidence disclosed by the Record.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6630540 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2049061 
\par Sections 4 and 6 of the Act contain various provisions enabling the Permanent Secretary and the Minister to refer a trade dispute to conciliation or to a tribunal; subsection 4 of section 6 vests the following power in the Minister:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2049061 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2049061 6(4) Where a trade dispute has been ref
erred to a Tribunal or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7816570 
 to conciliation under this Act, the Minister may by order prohibit the continuance of and declare unlawful any strike or look out in connection with such dispute which may be in existence on the date of the reference.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2049061 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7816570 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7816570 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10372759\charrsid7484377 Thus, the tra
de dispute must have been referred to a tribunal or to conciliation, and there must be a strike in existence on the date of reference, before the Minister can act under this subsection; and his authority is limited to making an order prohibiting continuan
ce of the strike and declaring it unlawful.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7816570 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3693023 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3693023\charrsid6971558 The facts in the instant case are that, some time between}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13910426  7 and 8.a.m on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0
{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 5}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}the 5}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3693023\charrsid6971558 th July 1977{\*\xmlclose}
, union members stopped work at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname City}}Suva}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3693023 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6971558 
and Lautoka ports. The evidence of Mr.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14768469  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6971558 Satyanand, the Permanent Secretary for Ministr
y of Labour, indicates he consulted the Minister on the morning of that day and it was decided to refer the dispute to a tribunal. The Minster appointed Mr. Kapadia to be the tribunal and signed an order prohibiting the continuance of the strike and decla
ring the strike unlawful. This order was signed by the Minister between}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13071751  {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname time}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Hour}{\xmlattrvalue 9}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname 
Minute}{\xmlattrvalue 0}}}9-10}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248680  a.m{\*\xmlclose} on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 5}
}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}the 5th July}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4473824  1977}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248680 {\*\xmlclose} and}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14768469  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248680 was published in the Fiji Royal Gazette on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}
{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 8}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}the 8th July 1977{\*\xmlclose} together with notice of Mr. Kapadia}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3693023 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid144205 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248680 L}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid144205 oyal}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248680  Gazette on 8th 1977 together with notice of Mr.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14768469  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248680 Kapadia}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248680 s appointed and Reference to the tribunal }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1536199 All Three notices are dated {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1
{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 5}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}the 5th July 1977{\*\xmlclose}.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid144205 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1536199 
\par It is clear from the evidence that the Minist}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10955575 er authorised the Permanent Secretary to refer the dispute to a tribunal, appointed the tribunal, and prohibited 
the strike and declared it unlawful, at about the same time.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1536199 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847487 
\par The Minister}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13847487 s Order reads as follows:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762374 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14762374 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762374 
In the exercise of the powers conferred upon me by subsection (4) of sect}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4291757 ion 6 of the Trade Disputes Act}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762374 
, 1973, a trade dispute between the Fiji Waterside Workers and Seaman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762374 
s Union and Ports Authority of Fiji having been referred to a Tribunal, I hereby or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4291757 der that with effect from the 5}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762374 
th day of July 1977 the continuance of the strike in connection with such dispute be prohibited and I declare such strike to be unlawful.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12194502 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762374 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14762374 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762374 And I further order under the provisions of subsection (2)}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16151934  of section 11 of the said Act that this Order be published by being broadcast over the services of the Fiji Broadcasting Commission or by publication in the Fiji Times or in the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1
{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Fiji{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Sun.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762374 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16151934 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16151934 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8399919 There was no notice to the Union or its members before the strike was declared unlawful}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1193433 
, that the dispute had been referred to a tribunal, so as to give Union members the opportunity of going back to work with knowledge that the dispute had been referred to ar}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541589 bitration and so avoid}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1193433  the penal provisions of section 12(4) of the Act; and in my view the Minister acted prematurely in making the order prohibiting the continuance of the strike and declari
ng it unlawful on the morning of the 5}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541589 th July, 1977.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16151934 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541589 
\par Section 11 of the Act which is referred to in the Minister}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541589 s order reads as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid541589 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541589 
11.(1) any order made by the Minister under this Part of this Act shall come into force on the day following the day on which it is made unless otherwise specified.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12194502 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541589 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9385419 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15101264 
(2) The Minister shall, for the purpose of bringing any order made by him under this section to the attention of the persons affected thereby as soon as practicable after the order has been made, publish such order in such manner as he sees fit.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541589 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6304730 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6304730 
\par There is a patent drafting error in subsection (2) in the words }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6304730 under this section}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6304730 . No order can be made by the Minister under section 11. An order would have }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1200737 to be made under sections 8 or 9 or, when section 10
 is operative, under that section. The words should have been, in my view }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1200737 under this Part of this Act}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1200737  as in subsection 1.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6304730 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4345817 
\par Section 11 is specific and has reference only to an order made under Part III of the Act. It can have no }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5726388 reference}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4345817  to the Minister}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4345817 s }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5726388 Order in this case, which }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11550571 
was made under section 6(4) in P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5726388 art II of the Act}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477464 
, in respect of which there are no provisions specifying when it shall come into force or regulating its publication.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4345817 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477464 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2833635 However, section 11(1) of the Act, which makes an order to w
hich it applies effective on the day following the day it is made, indicates that Union members should be given an opportunity to comply with the order before they are in breach of the law.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11477464 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1200737 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12468579 Further, the order is expressed to take }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4536808 effect from 5}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12468579 th day of July 1977}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12468579  that i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4536808 
s to say from midnight on the 4}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12468579 th July 1977 before the strike had occurred and before a tribunal had been appointed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1200737 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9389138 
\par Since section 11 of the Act has no application to section 6(4) recourse must be had to the Interpretation Ordinance to determine whether and in what manner the order made by the Minister under section 6(4)}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14506661  should be published and whether the order can have retrospective effect. The Interpretation Ordinance also has application so far as the effective date of appointment of the Tribunal is concerned.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9389138 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14506661 
\par Section 2(1) of the Interpretation Ordinance defines }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14506661 subsidiary legislation}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14506661  as-
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14506661 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14506661 
Any legislative provision (including an appointment of any person or a transfer or delegation of powers or duties) made in exercise of 
any power in that behalf conferred by any written by way of by-law, notice, order, proclamation, regulation, rule, rule of court or other instrument;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14506661 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14506661 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14506661 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11623585 In the instant case, the appointment of a tribuna}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10835836 l made by the Minister on the 5}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11623585 
th July, 1977 under section 20}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019847  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11623585 (1) of the Act and the order made by him}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4947561 
 under section 6(4) of the Act prohibiting continuation of the strike and declaring it unlawful both fall within the definition of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4947561 
subsidiary legislation}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4947561 . Notice of the appointment and the order were published in the Fiji Royal Gazette on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}
{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 8}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}the 8th July 1977{\*\xmlclose}.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14506661 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6319679 
\par Section 21 of the Interpretation Ordinance provides as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6319679 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6319679 
All subsidiary legislation shall be published in the Gazette, shall be judicially noticed and shall come into operation on the day of such
 publication, or, if it is enacted either in the subsidiary legislation or in some other written law that such subsidiary legislation shall come into operation on some other day then, it shall come}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8982194 
 into operation accordingly.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6319679 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8982194 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8982194 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid347592 By virtue of section 21 the 
appointment and order made by the Minister either came into operation on the day of publication in the Fiji Royal Gazette or if the appointment and order specifies some other day, then they came into operation on that day.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8982194 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1795627 
\par The appointment made by the Minister of a Tribunal dated the 5th day of July, 1977 does not specify the date of appointment within the body of the notice although the notice of the appointment is dated {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}
{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 5}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}5th }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361654 July, }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1795627 1977}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361654 {\*\xmlclose}. The appointment did not in my view become effective until {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname 
Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 8}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}the 8th July, 1977{\*\xmlclose}
, the date the notice of appointment was gazetted. If I am correct in this view it follows that the trade dispute could have not been referred to the Tribunal on the 5th July,1977 when the Minister purported to make an
 order under section 6 (4) of the Act.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1795627 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8458694 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12259390 
If I am wrong in my view that the appointment of a Tribunal is subsidiary legislation or that the appointment did not take effect until it was gazetted the order made by the Minister prohibiting continuation of the s
trike and declaring it unlawful must still be considered. This order did specify that i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8482205 t was to take effect from the 5}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12259390 th day of July, 1977.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8458694 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6117329 
\par Section 21 of the Interpretation Ordinance would enable an order to be made with retrospective effect if the provisions of the Act under which the order was made could be construed so as to permit of such an order being made.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1733587 
\par I do not consider section 6}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12133587  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1733587 (4) of the Act empowers the Minister to make an order declaring the strike unlawful from the time it commenced. At t
he time he makes the order the strike is in existence and the Minister}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1733587 
s powers are limited to prohibiting continuance of that strike and declaring it unlawful. On that order being made the strike by virtue of such order becomes unlawful. There would have 
to be clear language in section 6 (4) indicating the intension of the legislature to give the Minister power to make an order with retrospective effect.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14776943 In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14776943\charrsid14776943 Lauri v. Renad}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14776943  (1892) 3 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Ch.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} 402, 421 Lindley L.J. said:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1733587 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14776943 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14776943 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14879391 It is a fundamental rule of English Law t
hat no statute shall be construed so as to have a retrospective operation, unless its language is such as plainly requires such a construction.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14776943 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14879391 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14879391 
\par If I am wrong then section 22 of the Interpretation Ordinance must also be considered. It reads as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14879391 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13110427 
Any subsidiary legislation may be made to operate retrospective}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14752097 ly}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13110427 
 to any date, not being a date earlier than the commencement of the written law under which such subsidiary legislation is made, but so, however, that no person shall be made or become liable
 to any penalty whatsoever in respect of any act committed or of failure to do anything before the day on which such subsidiary legislation }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1970788 i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13110427 
s published in the Gazette.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14879391 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7821400 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7821400 
\par I have pointed out that, as worded, this order had retrospective effect. Quite apart from the fact that the Minister is not empowered by the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3363353 A}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7821400 
ct to declare a strike unlawful before it has occurred, if the order is considered effective to retrospectively declare}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3363353  a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7821400 
 strike unlawful from the moment it commenced, section 22 of the Interpretation Ordinance would }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3363353 in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7821400 
any event not make the appellants involved in the unlawful strike liable to any penalty in respect of the alleged offences arising out of that unlawful strike for any act committed by them before the 8th July 1977 when the order was gazetted.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3363353 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7628398 Section 22 of the Interpretation Ordinance and indeed section 11 of the Trade Disputes Act gives statutory expression to the pri}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4920802 
nciples of natural justice. It }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7628398 would clearly be unjust to impose penalties on persons who could have had no possible means of knowing that they were committing an offence under the Act at the t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2387803 i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7628398 me they committed acts in breach of the law.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3363353 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2387803 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14182143 When Taniela Veitata addressed the dockworkers on the morning of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}
{\xmlattrvalue 5}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}5th July}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6310827 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14182143  1977{\*\xmlclose}
 and when the dockworkers went on strike, the strike had not in fact been declared unlawful. In any event Veitata and the striking dockworkers could not be held liable for any acts committed before {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0
{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 8}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}the 8th July, 1977{\*\xmlclose} when the order was gazetted.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2387803 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6310827 
\par There is still another aspect of the Minster}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6310827 s Order to be considered. Had the dispute in fact }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6310827 been referred}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6310827 
 to a tribunal when he made the order?}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16061956  If the appointment was subsidiary }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11559832 legislation }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16061956 
then as I have stated it was not effective until {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 8}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 
1977}}}8th July 1977{\*\xmlclose}. There is however the factual position to consider.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6310827 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11559832 
\par There is evidence that the Minister authorised the Permanent Secretary to refer the dispute to a Tribunal but no evidence that it was in fact r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421424 eferred to Mr. Kapadia on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname 
date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 5}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}the 5}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11559832 th July, 1977
{\*\xmlclose}. The sequence of events related in evidence by the Permanent Secretary would appear to indicate that the order was signed before the Permanent Secretary settled the terms of reference and referred the dispute to the Tribunal.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14697829 The Minister}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14697829 
s authorisation to the Permanent Secretary to refer the dispute is not a reference to the Tribunal. The Permanent Secretary must refer the dispute. The mere preparation of a Reference to a tribunal is not evidence that }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14697829 a trade dispute has been referred to a tribunal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14697829 , within the meaning of those wo-rds in section 6 (4) of the Act. Nor is the appointment of a Tribunal a reference to the Tribunal. Section 6 (4) states }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14697829 where a trade dispute has been referred to a tribunal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14697829 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11559832 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14697829 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12410468 In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12410468\charrsid13389782 re}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12410468\charrsid13389782  }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12410468\charrsid13389782 Woolooma Timber Company Pty Ltd and Section 7 of the Arbitration Act}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12410468\charrsid6831315  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12410468\charrsid6831315 (1969) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12410468 1 N.S.W. Reports 168 which considered whether a matter had been referred to arbitration Nagle J. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10385475 at }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12410468 page 170 said}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10385475 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14697829 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12410468 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12410468 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6831315 The applicant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6831315 s argument that the reference to arbitration is c
ompleted as soon as the parties agree to arbitrate and this does not require agreement as to the arbitrator or arbitrators or the precise terms of reference does not seem to me to do justice to the express words used in condition 12. What is there describ
e
d is a reference to arbitration and not an agreement arrived at to arbitrate. It should be further noted that the clause cannot mean that a request to arbitrate is sufficient for the condition speaks in the past tense of something having been referred to 
arbitration and if it were meant that a mere request for arbitration was enough then one would expect some such specific words to have been included in the condition.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12410468 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9973902 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9973902 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15757934 It was held in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9973902  that case that there had been no reference to arbitration.
\par 
\par On the facts as appear in the record, when the Minister made his order declaring the strike unlawful the dispute had not in fact been referred to a tribunal and the Minister was not empowered by section 6 (4) to make the order.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15757934 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10972590 Mr. Newman raised a number of other issues relating to the same counts which it is not now necessary to consider, but I propose to deal with the most important of them.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15757934 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4882234 
\par The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13244379 second,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4882234  third, eight and ninth counts relate to counselling and encouraging an unlawful strike. The particula
rs of the second and third counts allege the offences were committed between the 5th and 13th July 1977.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9200531 
\par The eighth and ninth counts allege the offences were committed between the 20th June and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 13}}
{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}13th July 1977{\*\xmlclose}.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5768202 
\par In respect of the first two of these counts, the evidence indicates that the second appellant addressed a number of dockworkers before the strike began on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}
{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 5}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}the 5th July 1977{\*\xmlclose}.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9898613 
\par 
\par There is doubt that the second appellant when addressing the dockworkers that morning counselled or encouraged the strike whi
ch did take place. In so doing he may have committed an offence under section 14(2) of the Act, a matter I have later to consider, but did he commit an offence under section 12 (1) of the Act?
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9328001 
\par At the time he addressed the men the strike had not been decla
red unlawful. For there to be an offence under section 12(1) of the Act the strike must have been declared unlawful by an order of the Minister. As I am of the opinion that the Minister cannot legally make an order with retrospective effect the factual po
sition was that the strike had not been declared unlawful at that point of time. It may be that the strike was unlawful in the sense of a breach of contract on the part of the strikers vis-\'e0
-vis the employer but section 12(1) of the Act is concerned with a strike }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9328001 declared unlawful}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9328001  under the provisions of the Act and with criminal as distinct from civil liability.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812892 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812892\charrsid7222586 Further , the subsection refers to counselling }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812892\charrsid7222586 others}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812892\charrsid7222586  to take part in the strike and the prosecutor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812892\charrsid7222586 s interpretation of this subsection led to the amendment during the trial of a number of counts by adding the words }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812892\charrsid7222586 and the Australian and New Zealand Unions}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812892\charrsid7222586 
 in the particulars of the offences. Mr. Newman submitted that the subsection when referring to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812892\charrsid7222586 others}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812892\charrsid7222586  is confined to others capable of taking part in the strike, and I uphold this submission.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812892 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7222586 
\par From the definition of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7222586 strike}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7222586 
 in section 2 of the Act it is clear that a strike is concerned with a body of employees and the employer of those employees.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15227253  Section 12 (1) refers to }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15227253 take part in a strike}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15227253 , not }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15227253 to support a strike}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15227253 
 such as a sympathy strike by another union. Quite apart from the fact that the Australian and New Zealand Unions, which are not specified in the particulars, are outside the jurisd
iction of the Court, members of such unions not being employed by the Ports Authority of Fiji cannot }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15227253 take part in the strike}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15227253 . All they can do is give moral or financial support.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7222586 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15227253 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2456544 Section 12(1) in my view is intended to cover the situation where employees
 who are not engaged in an unlawful strike by fellow employees are encouraged or counselled to join the strike. In my view it is no offence under section 12(1) of the Act to cause, procure, counsel, encourage, persuade or influence persons other than thos
e who can participate in a strike to assist the strikers in any way. Whatever action the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16004298 Australian and New Zealand }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15809069 U}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16004298 nions might take, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12149642 and in the instant case it could and did have serious consequences for {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1
{\factoidname country-region}}Fiji{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, the members of those unions are not subject to the laws of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Fiji}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15809069 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} for acts done outside {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Fiji{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. Nor would another 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Fiji}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12149642 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 union which went on strike in sympathy be committing any offence unless and until section 10 is brought into operat}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593790 ion. The members of that union }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12149642 
would be taking part in their own strike but not in the unlawful strike of the other union.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15227253 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10558956 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16581359 
If section 12 (1) had the wider interpretation sought by the prosecution, striking members of other unions would commit offences under section 12 (4) of the Act if they ceased work in sympathy with the unlawful strike \endash  in which case there would}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8533636  have been little need for section 10.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10558956 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8090815 
\par Mr. Newman also submitted that as the particulars of some counts refer to the dates }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8090815 5th July to 13th 1977}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8090815  without including both dates, the prosecution had to establish that the offence was committed between 6th and 12th July
 1977 both dates inclusive, and that what occurred on the 5th July 1977 was a time outside the particulars alleged. The date however in this instance is not material. Atkins J. in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8090815\charrsid8090815 
R. v. Dossi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8090815  13 Cr. App. R. 154 said:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12270202 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12270202 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12270202 From time immemorial a date specified
 in an indictment has never been a material matter unless it was actually an essential part of the alleged offence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12270202 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12270202 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12270202 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7228271 Further, section 204(2) of the Criminal Procedure Code makes amendment of the charges unnecessary if there is a discrepancy between the date on the charge and that established by the evidence.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12270202 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8867630 
\par As I am of the opinion that the Minister}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8867630 
s order was invalid, being ultra vires the enabling subsection and purporting to operate retrospectively, it follows that the strike }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3020249 of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0
{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 5}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}the 5}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8867630 th July 1977{\*\xmlclose} had n
ot been declared unlawful when the counselling and encouragement of that strike occurred.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3020249 
\par I accordingly allow the appeal against conviction on counts 1, 2, 3, 6, 8 and 9 which all relate to an unlawful strike.
\par 
\par The conviction of the first appellant on the First Count is quashed and the sentence set aside. As my understanding is that the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Union{\*\xmlclose}
 has been deregistered the fine if paid is to be repaid to the person entitled to the pro}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1255204 perty of a deregistered {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Union{\*\xmlclose}.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3020249 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3826545 
\par The conviction of the second appellant on the second and third counts is quashed and the sentences set aside.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1800421 The conviction}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11538828 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1800421 
 of the third to eighth appellants both inclusive on the sixth count are quashed and the sentences set aside.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3826545 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1800421 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11538828 The conviction of the ninth appellant on the eighth and ninth counts is quashed and the sentences set aside.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1800421 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11538828 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16654502 There remains the fourth, fifth, seventh, tenth and eleventh counts to consider. These all relates to offences under section 14 of the Trade Disputes Act.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11538828 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16140631 
\par Grounds of appeal 12(b), 15(b), 21(b)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11340243 , 30(b) and 33(b) in respect of these five counts all allege that section 14(1) or (2) is void as being in conflict with the Constitution. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7420707 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5909662 I have already dealt at length with the constitutional position, and
 for the reasons given I hold that section 14 is not void as being in conflict with the Constitution. The appeal on these five grounds fail.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid591120 
\par The other grounds of appeal are similar in respect of each of the five counts except that there is an extra ground as regards the seventh count alleging that the trial }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13834111 M}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid591120 agistrate erred in admitting evidence concerning certain cables.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13834111 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3166406 It is convenient to first consider the fourth, fifth, tenth and eleventh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12731171  counts}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13461866 
 all laid under section 14(2) of the Act.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12259651 In dealing with grounds 12(c) and 12(d) relating to the fourth }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16601152 counts, which are}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12259651 
 identical with grounds in fifth, tenth and eleventh counts, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12731171 Mr. Newman put forward an argument that section 16 of the Act nullified section 14.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13834111 

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12259651 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12810072 He first argued that section 16 was in conflict with section 3 in that section 3 states that a trade dispute }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12810072 may}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12810072  be reported whereas section 16 states that a trade dispute }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12810072 shall}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12810072  be reported }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12810072 in accordance with the provisions of section 3 of this Act}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78873 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12259651 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12810072 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78873 In my view there is no }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16601152 
conflict between the two sections. Section 3(1) is of general application and relates to any trade dispute existing or apprehended. Subsection (2) of this section sets out the matters to be specified in a report. Section 3}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13506605  is not concerned with a strike but a trade dispute and is intended to provide a procedure for settling a dispute.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12810072 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4656568 
\par Section 16 on the other hand is directly concerned with persons employed in or in control of essential services where a strike or lookout}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145911  is contemplated in pursuance of a tr
ade dispute. Where section 16 has application it is mandatory to report the trade dispute to the Permanent Secretary }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145911 
in accordance with the provisions of section 3 of this Act.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4656568 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12265235 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3617280 The p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12265235 rovisions of section 3 which have to be complied with are subsections (
2) and (3) of section 3. Subsection (1) is clearly a declaratory and permissive provision and is replaced by 16(1) (a) which is mandatory where a strike is an essential service is contemplated.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983691\charrsid12780376 Subsections (b) to (e) inclusive of section 16 are not in conflict with subsections (2) and (3) of section 3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11155474\charrsid12780376 
 but they go further and refer also to a strike a matter not within the ambit of section 3.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11948829 The basic difference between sections 3 and 16 is that section 3 does not seek to prevent a strike
 or delay it. The combined effect of sections 16 and 17 however is designed to delay a strike until the procedure set out in section 16 has been complied with and until 28 days after notice of the strike has been accepted by the Permanent Secretary has el
apsed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983691 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2839460 
\par Mr. Newman also referred to section 4, 5 and 6 at some length and contended that the combined effects of these sections is that a strike is permissible in an essential service. I would agree that there is nothing in sections 4, 5 and 6, which refer 
only to a trade dispute, that would prohibit a strike in an essential service.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715078 
\par Nor does section 16 prohibit a strike, but the combined effect of sections 16 and 17 would make it an offence under section 14, if there was a strike involving the breaking of employees}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715078  contracts of service with the probable consequences referred to in subsection (1) of section 14, and if section 16 has not been complied with and the 28 days referred to in section 17 have not elapsed.

\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13906519 Subject only to elapse of the 28 days referred to in section 17 and prior compliance with section 16, I entirely agree with Mr. Newman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13906519 s contention that a strike in an essential service is permissible and remains so until such time, if ever, that the Minister makes a lawful order in accordance with the powers vested in him.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15425088 
\par Mr. Newman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15425088 s second argument on the issue is that s
ection 16 nullifies section 14. As I understand his argument if breaking a contract of service referred to in section 14 is synonymous with a strike or embraces a strike then the sections are repugnant and the later section 16 must prevail and section 14 
falls. He stated in his address:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15425088 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7809879 
There would be little point in having the mechanics of section 16 and recognising the right to strike if section 14 still produced the result claimed for it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15425088 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7809879 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7809879 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12270202 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7809879 That is if section 14 prohibits strikes.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13906519 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7809879 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4333593 This argument misses
 the point that section 14 does not prohibit a strike nor does the breaking of a contract of service necessarily arise out of a strike. A single employee can be guilty of an offence if he breaks his contract of service with the probable results that secti
o
n 14 refers to .There could be more than one employee who broke his contract in circumstances where a strike did not arise. A strike involving cessation of work would result in breaches of contract and section 14 would apply, not because of the strike, bu
t because of those breaches if those breaches had the consequences I have referred to. Section 16 does not prevent breaches of contract. All that section 16 and section 17 do i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5837889 s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4333593  to delay such breaches if they arise out of strike. If the procedure has been f
ollowed and the 28 days referred to in section 17 have elapsed an employee may with impunity cease work and thereby break his contract. In other words he can then fully participate in a s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1920457 trike.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7809879 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1920457 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7675729 If however the dispute is settled by agreement or arbitration
, and the employees still strike, and the Minister properly declares the strike unlawful, the employees could then be guilty of the offence under section 12(4) if they refused to work. The ultimate result, if the law is complied with, is that the strike i
s at an end if the dispute is not settled by that stage; but the right to strike is not prohibited either by sections 14 or 16.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1920457 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7675729 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid142720 Mr. Newman further argued that the only allegation against the appellants was in relation to the strike and that one must constr
ue the breach of contract of service as something quite different from failure to turn up for work.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7675729 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid142720 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11421717 I cannot accept this argument. If the breach was wilful, that is if there was no valid excuse for cessation of work such as illness or accident for example
, then the failure to turn up to work is prima facie a breach of the contract of service.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid142720 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11421717 
\par One of the elements of a strike as defined by section 2 of the Act is the cessation of work. If the appellants who went on strike were found to have gone on strike i
n the period alleged, that would involve a cessation of work and breach of their contracts of service unless the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4143722 
y gave an acceptable explanation of their absence from work. In the instant case the appellants who went on strike did not offer any explanation.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11421717 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4143722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11278239 Mr. Newman criticised the Permanent Secretary}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11278239 s rejection of the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1
{\factoidname place}}Union}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 {\*\xmlclose}'}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11278239 s r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13501160 eport which was given on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1
{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 5}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 17}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}the 17}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11278239 th May 1977{\*\xmlclose} a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13501160 nd belatedly accepted on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 6}}
{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 21}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}the 21}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11278239 st June 1977{\*\xmlclose}. Although the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname 
place}}Union{\*\xmlclose} attempted to comply with section 16 of the Act, the notice was clearly defectiv}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5178812 e, and rightly rejected by the P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11278239 
ermanent Secretary.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4143722 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13501160 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11800358\charrsid14645318 The notice stated the strike would be a carried out in two stages. The main strike was set for {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}
{\xmlattrvalue 7}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 1}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}July 1, 1977{\*\xmlclose} but as forerunner there was to be a stop work in all five ports of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1
{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Fiji{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11800358\charrsid14645318 
soon after the expiry of the 28 days notice}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11800358\charrsid14645318 
. This does not specify the date as required by section 16 and under that section the report is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11800358\charrsid14645318 deemed not to have been made}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11800358\charrsid14645318 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13501160 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11800358 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14645318 The 28 days referred to in section 17 is not 28 days after the date of the report as Union apparently bel}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7019360 ieved but 28 days}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14645318  after the notice is accepted, not received, by the Permanent Secretary. The date of receipt and acceptance may be the same but
 not necessarily so; as for example in the instant case where, after seeking clarification, the Permanent Secretary accepted it some weeks later.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11800358 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4262883 
\par Even if the Permanent Secretary had wrongfully rejected the report this would not have assisted the appellants. The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5178812 strike on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname 
Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 5}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}5}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4262883 th July 1977{\*\xmlclose} did not take place }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4262883 soon after the expiry of the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11295667 \'85\'85..notice}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5178812  nor on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}
{\xmlattrvalue 1}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11295667 st July 1977{\*\xmlclose}; so that section 16(2) which provides that where the strike }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11295667 does not take place }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11295667\charrsid11295667 on the date}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11295667  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11295667\charrsid11295667 it }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11295667 is contemplated the report shall be deemed not to have been made}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11295667  would apply.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4262883 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11295667 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6239947 Mr. Newman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6239947 
s next argument is that the counts laid under section 14(2) disclose no offences and are bad for lack of particularity. As subsection (2) has relation back to subsection (1) I set out the whole of section 14 which is as follows:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11295667 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6239947 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6239947 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6239947 
14(1) Any person who wilfully breaks his contract of service, knowing or having reasonable cause to believe that the probable consequences of his}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5178812  so}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6239947  doing, either alone or in combination with others, will be-
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12194502 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6239947 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12194502 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12194502 (a) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6239947 
to deprive the public, or any section of the public wholly or to a great extent of an essential service, or substantially to diminish the enjoyment of that service by the public or by any section of the public; or
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12194502 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7962425 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12194502 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12194502 (b) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7962425 to endanger h
uman life or cause serious bodily injury or to expose valuable property whether real or personal, to destruction, deterioration or serious damages,
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7962425 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7962425 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5178812 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7962425 shall be guilty of an offence.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7962425 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7962425 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7962425 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7962425 (2) Any person who causes or procures or counsels or influences any employe
e to break his contract of service or any employer causing a lock out to be declared in any of the circumstances referred to in the last preceding subsection, shall be guilty of an offence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7962425 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6441589 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6441589 
\par Subsection 2 of section 14, like some other sections in the Act}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6177114 ,
 may not have been drafted with clarity, but it is quite clear to me that as a person can only be guilty of an offence under subsection (1) if he wilfully breaks his contract of service in the circumstances set out in subsection (1) and paragraphs (a) and
 (b) thereof, a person can only be guilty of an offence under subsection (2) of counselling him to break his contract of service if the same circumstances apply.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6441589 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7418509 
\par Thus the words }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7418509 in any of the circumstances referred to in the last preceding subsection}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7418509  refer not only to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7418509 any employer causing a lock out to be declared}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7418509  but also to the preceding words, so as to read:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7827376 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7827376 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7827376 
Any person who causes or procures or counsels or influences any employee to break his contract of service\'85\'85.. in any of the circumstances referred to in the preceding subsection, shall be guilty of an offence.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7827376 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7827376 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7827376 
\par Mr. Newman argued that the subsection even on that interpretation was void as being in conflict with section 12 of the Constitution. I do not consider it is void for the reasons given when considering sections 6 and 12 of the Act.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3417499 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8410441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3417499 The fourth count is as follows:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3417499 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3417499 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13981179 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7019360\charrsid8410441 Statement of Offence}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3417499\charrsid8410441 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8128744 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8128744\charrsid8410441 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8410441 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8128744\charrsid8410441 Counselling Breach of Contract}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8128744\charrsid8410441 : Contrary to section 14(2) of the Trade Disputes Act No.7}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8128744  of 1973 and section 37 of the said Act.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8128744 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8128744 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8128744 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8128744\charrsid8410441 Particulars of Offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6165575 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6165575 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8410441 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6165575\charrsid6165575 Tan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid463720 iela Veitata, }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8410441 on the 5}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6165575 th July (no year stated) counselled members of the Fiji Waterside Workers and Seamen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6165575 s {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Union{\*\xmlclose} to break their contracts of service.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6165575 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6165575 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6165575 
\par In framing the charge the prosecution reli
ed on section 123(a) (iv) of the Criminal Procedure Code for the statement of the offence. What was not appreciated was the fact that the statement of offence does not state an offence under section 14(2) of the Act. It is }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6165575\charrsid8410441 Counselling breach of}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6165575\charrsid463720  }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6165575\charrsid8410441 contract of
 service}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6165575 
 the probable consequences of which will be to deprive the public of an essential service which is the offence alleged in the instant case, that is one of circumstance referred to in subsection (1) which makes an otherwise lawful act an offence.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13903876 
\par The particulars of the offence also omit any reference to any of the circumstances referred to in subsection (1).
\par 
\par The charge in my view discloses no offence under section 14(2) of the Act and is clearly defective.
\par 
\par Section 120 of the Criminal Procedure Code states:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13903876 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13903876 
120. Every charge or information shall contain, and shall be sufficient if it contains, a statement of the specific offence or offences with which the accused person is charged, together with such partic
ulars as may be necessary for giving reasonable information }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid463720 as to the nature of the offence charged.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13903876 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11936138 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11936138 
\par Section 123(a) (iii) of the Criminal Procedure Code states:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11936138 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11936138 
123 (a) (iii) after the statement of the offence, particulars of such offence shall be set out in ordinary language, in which the use of technical terms shall not be necessary:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12602429 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11936138 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11936138 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11936138 
Provided that where any rule of law or any Ordinance limits the particulars of an offence which are required to be given in a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16131554  c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11936138 
harge of information, nothing in this paragraph shall require any more particulars to be given than those so required}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16131554 ;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11936138 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15892025 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15892025 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5769352 The specific offence must be stated in the Statement of Offence and particulars of such offence must also be stated in the Particulars of the Offence. All the charge discloses i
s that the second appellant is charged with }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5769352 Counselling a breach of contract}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5769352  which is not an offence unless the counselling is done in any of the circumstance referred in subsection (1).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15892025 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5769352 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5769352\charrsid3357335 A necessary ingredient of the offence in my view was the counselling of an employee to break his contract of service in any of the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5449644\charrsid3357335 circumstances}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5769352\charrsid3357335 
 referred to in subsection (i) of the section 14 of the Act and this should have been covered by the Particulars of the Offence.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13572832 
\par I have considered whether section 323 of the Criminal Procedure }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7564929 C}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13572832 
ode has any application and whether this section could be used to rectify the defect in the charge.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7564929 Grant C.J. in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7564929\charrsid5377055 D.P.P. v.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7564929  }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7564929\charrsid5377055 Solomone Tui}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7564929  Cr. App. 2 of 1975 considered the scope of section 323 and stated:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13572832 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7564929 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7564929 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5377055 
Despite its apparent scope, it has been held that the provision of this section cannot validate a fundamental error }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357335 going to the root of the matter;}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5377055  such as failure to include in the charge a necessary ingredient of the offence in question\'85.. or a charge which discloses no offence known to law.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7564929 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5377055 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5377055 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15476444 Grant C.J. also referred to the statement of Humphr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2979071 eys J. in the English Criminal C}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357335 o}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15476444 urt of Appeal }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15476444\charrsid15476444 R. v. West}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15476444  (1948) 64 T.L.R. 241 at 243:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5377055 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15476444 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15476444 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15476444 It is }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8456823 an }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15476444 essential feature of t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2979071 he criminal law that an accused}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15476444  person should be able to tell from the indictment the precise nature of the charge or charges against him so as to be in a position to put forward his defence and to direct his evidence to meet them.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15476444 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15476444 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15476444 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3688199 Grant C.J. in the extract from his judgment }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15949361 which I first quoted was referring to section 100 of the English Magistrate}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15949361 
s Courts Act 1952 which replaced section 1 of the English Summary Jurisdiction Act 1848 which is very similar to section 323 of the Criminal Procedure Code.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15476444 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15949361 
\par In my view the failure to include in the charge any of the circumstance}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9512101 
s referred to in subsection (1) of section 14 of the Act was a fundamental error which cannot be validated by applying section 323 of the Criminal Procedure Code.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15949361 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9448872 
\par The conviction of the appellant on count four cannot stand. The same applies to counts five, ten and eleven.
\par 
\par The convictions of the second appellant on the fourth and fifth counts are quashed and the sente}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3958164 nces are set }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\highlight7\langnp2057\insrsid3958164\charrsid8456823 as}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\highlight7\langnp2057\insrsid9448872\charrsid8456823 ide}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9448872 .
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3958164 
\par The convictions of the ninth appellant on the tenth and eleventh counts are quashed and the sentences are set aside.
\par 
\par This leaves only the seventh count to consider. This is laid under section 14(1) of the Act.
\par 
\par I agree with Mr. Newman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3958164 s contention that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3958164 others}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3958164  in the subsection refers to others who brea
k their contracts of service. The members of the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3958164 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}
New Zealand{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} and Australian Unions}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3958164  cannot be included amongst }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3958164 others}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3958164  but this allegation in the particulars is not fatal to the validity}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15488576  of the charge. The allegation is not essential to constitute the offence and can be omitted without affecting the charge and may be rejected as surplusage: }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15488576\charrsid16407800 R. v. Barraclough}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15488576  (1906) 1 K.B. 201, 210.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3958164 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15282191 
\par Nor do I consider that the members of the Fiji Waterside Worker}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2761288 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15282191  Union should have been named. There was in my view suffici
ent particulars of the offence given.
\par 
\par As regards the date of the offence }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2232665 between the 5th July and 13}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15282191 th July, 1977}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15282191  the evidence indicates that the appellants concerned did not turn up to work on any of the days between those dates.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2232665 Mr. Newman quoted }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2232665\charrsid2232665 R. v. Thompson}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2232665  (1914) 2 K.B. 99.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1735388  The indictment in that case charged in one count that offences were committed }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1735388 
on divers days between the month of January, 1909, and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 10}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 4}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}
{\xmlattrvalue 1910}}}October 4, 1910}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 {\*\xmlclose}"}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1735388 . The indictment was held to be bad for duplicity but as the prisoner }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11089774 had not in fact been emb}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2497264 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11089774 r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2497264 r}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11089774 assed or prejudiced in his defence by the presentment of the indictment in that form it was held that there had been }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11089774 no substantial miscarriage of justice}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11089774 
 and the appeal was dismissed under section 4 subsection 1 of the Criminal Appeal Act 1907.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15282191 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11089774 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10443187 In}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2497264  view of the conditions of service under which the appellants were employed the prosecution}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2497264 s difficulty in specifying an exact date is appreciated. Another difficulty arose because so many were charged and tried together.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11089774 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2497264 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5179297 While there may in fact have been several beaches of contract in the period or a continuance of one breach }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7161524 I}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5179297  do not consider the appellants were prejudiced in their defence. It was open to them to give an accep}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2573937 table explanation as t}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5116157 o why they ceased work on the 5}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2573937 th July 1977 and did not turn up for work on any of the days betwe}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5116157 en the 5th July and 13}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2573937 th July 1977. I am of the view that no substantial miscarriage of justice occurred and would apply the provis}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6911787 ion}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2573937  to section 300(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2497264 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8261374 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7415006 I will now deal specifically with the other grounds of appeal relating to the seventh count.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8261374 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7415006 
\par Paragraph 21(a) of the appeal is that the conviction was wrong in law on the four grounds.
\par 
\par The first two grounds allege that section 14 is of no effect in law because (1) of the effect of the later section 16 and (2) the words }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7415006 
breaks his }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9655100 contract of service}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9655100 
 in section 14 do not include a strike and that the provisions of section 14 are doubtful and the doubt should have been resolved in favour of the liberty of the appellants.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7415006 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2495723 
\par I have already dealt with the first ground at some length and have found no merit in the argument raised by Mr. Newman. As to the second ground, section 14(1) in my view is clear and there is no doubt to be resolved.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14447167 The third and fourth grounds have already been disposed of.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2495723 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11876569 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11876569\charrsid6911787 Paragraph 21(b) and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11876569 
 (c) of the appeal have also been disposed of. As to grounds 21(d), the particulars of the charge once the reference to the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}New Zealand}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10443187 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} u}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11876569 nion is omitted are capable on proper evidence being called 
of constituting an offence under section 14(1) of the Act and this ground fails.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3688233 Ground 21(e) refers to the alleged refusal of the trial Magistrate to order further particulars and ground}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5129350 
 21(p) alleges the particulars were ambiguous. Sufficient particular
s of the charge were given and in my view the appellants were well aware of what charge they had to meet. They were not prejudiced by any lack of particulars or alleged ambiguity. It was not necessary to name the members of the union who also went on stri
ke. These grounds also fail.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11757060 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11757060\charrsid13581601 Ground 21(g) refers}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13581601  to the admission of the cables in evidence, but as I have rejected any reference to the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1
{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 11}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 10}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0
{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 11}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 10}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}New Zealand{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 unions this ground no longer has any relevance. This rejection also disposes of ground 21(i) (1).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11757060 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13581601 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 Ground 21(i)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13581601 (2) alleges that there was no evidence that the appellants in question }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13581601 knew or had reasonable cause to know}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13581601  the matters alleged in the charges.
\par 
\par Section 14(1) of the Act states the mens rea of the offence. There must be in this case a wilful breach of the contract, knowing or having reasonable cause to believe the probable consequences of such breach in combination with o}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13044831 thers (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13581601 who also break their contracts of service), would be to deprive the public to a great exten}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9510435 t of an essential service to wit}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13581601 : Port and Dock}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9510435 s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13581601 Services.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5078615 
\par There was no dispute that the appellants were employed in an essential service under contracts of service. 
These contracts on the evidence were verbal contracts and by virtue of section 33(7) of the Act the relevant and applicable provisions of the collective agreement between the union and the shipping companies mentioned in the Master Agreement (Exhibit P3) 
which the Ports Authority of Fiji adopted and by agreement (Exhibit P4) between the Authority and the Union intended to govern the relations between the parties, became implied terms in the contracts of service. The trial Magistrate}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5078615 s finding that the appellants numbered 3 to 8 inclusive in not turning up to work}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13044831 
 on any of the inclusive days 5th \endash  13}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5078615 th July 1977 as they were }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4475677 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5078615 bli}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13044831 ged to without excuse were brea}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3880047 king their contracts of service was in my view a correct finding. Part of that finding referred to a
n illegal strike. It may have been illegal in one sense but it was not a strike properly declared unlawful under the Act as I have held.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5078615 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13581601 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4475677 The finding that they were on strike }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13044831 connotes}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4475677 
 a cessation of work and in the absence of any lawful excuse that is prima facie a breach of their contracts of service.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13581601 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4289059 
\par But Mr. Newman alleges the evidence disclosed they were not obliged to work. The recruiting officer P.W.2 Filimone Romano did say }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4289059 they}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2039322  can stay away if they wish but they don}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2039322 t get paid}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2039322 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4289059 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2039322 
\par This witness did however state that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2039322 
workers have to report in every morning, except Sunday whether there is a ship there or not. They have to report whether there is a work or not}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2039322 
. His evidence was confirmed by P.W.4 Henry Jones the Authority Manager of Labour.
\par 
\par There was clear evidence which the Magistrate accepted that it was a condition of each dockworker}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2039322 s employment that he }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12259904 had to report for}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2039322  work. In failing to report for work, whether available or not, the appellants were in breach of their contracts of service as t
he Magistrate found.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12259904 Mr. Newman acknowledged there was work available during the relevant period but he also stated}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14162066 
 the evidence indicated there was a pool of other labour on which the Authority could have drawn. This is only relevant in my view to the question whether the probable consequences of the appellants}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9510435 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14162066  acts would have the results the section refers to. I will refer to this aspect later after discussing the other elements of the offence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2039322 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3030260 The breaking of the contract of service must be wilful.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2039322 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3030260 
\par The expression }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3030260 wilfully}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3030260 
 means the act is done deliberately and intentionally, not by accident or inadvertence but so that the mind of the person who does the act goes with it. (Avory J. in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3030260\charrsid6556184 R. v. Walter}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3030260  (1934}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5775780 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7220883  24 Cr. App. Rep. 11}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3030260 
7 at page 122).
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5129350 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2108079 The necessary mens rea will be presumed from the actual or imputed knowledge of the person breaking his contract as to the probable consequences of his conduct.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11876569 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2108079 
\par It is not, as I stated in Cr. App. No. 53 of 1977 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2108079\charrsid7683569 D.P.P. v. Singh and Others}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2108079 
, necessary for the prosecution to prove that harmful consequences were intended as a result of the breach of contract provided the conduct constituting the breach was itself intended.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2573937 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7683569 In Singh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7683569 s case I quoted an extract from Citrines 3rd Edition at page 526 which I repeat:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2573937 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7683569 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7683569 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7683569 
It is sufficient to show that such consequences were probable and that, at the time of the breach the accused knew or had reasonable cause to believe that they would result from his conduct. The onus of proof on the
 prosecution will be discharged by showing that circumstances of which the accused knew, or must have known were such as would have led any reasonable man to believe that such consequences would probably ensue.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7683569 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1143250 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1143250 
\par I then went on to say in that case -
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7683569 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7683569\charrsid6165575 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1143250 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1143250 The learned author goes on to discuss the term 
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1143250 that the probable consequences}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1143250 
 and says, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1143250 
It should be noted that the actual consequences are not material, except in so far as they are evidence of what was probable. It is therefore not sufficient to prove that the actual consequences were to depri}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7220883 ve the public of their supply (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1143250 in the instant case an essential service) if such consequences were i}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7220883 mprobable in the circumstance}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12602429 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7220883 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2380792 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1143250 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1143250 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1143250 
\par In the instant case there was considerable evidence that the public were deprive
d if an essential service and of the disastrous effect of the strike. This evidence was material, although it went a lot further than was necessary, to establish that the consequences were probable.
\par 
\par While I agree there was no direct evidence that any of the appellants actually knew that such consequences}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7949400  would follow their breaches of contract, the circumstances namely }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313108 that the dockworkers would not load or unload vessels would lead any reasonable man to believe that the consequences as alleged }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7220883 in the char
ge would probably ensue not withstand}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2380792 ing}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7220883  the allege }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313108 
availability of a pool of labour, and that the appellants knew and should have known the consequences would probably arise.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1143250 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313108 
\par Despite the alleged availability of a pool of labour the clear evidence is that the probable consequences did in fact arise which as I have indicated is evidence that the probable consequences could arise as a result of the appellants}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313108  actions in going on strike and there by breaking their contracts of service.
\par 
\par All the elements of the offence were established by the prosecution and the appellants were in my view properly convicted. The appeal against conviction on the seventh count fails.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9706950 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2823784 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6497951 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9706950 The appellants numbered 3 to 8 inclusive also appeal against sentence. They were all sentenced to six month
s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6968873 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9706950  imprisonment in respect of their convictions on the seventh count and have now served a little over three months of their terms.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11414721 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9706950 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10630723 The six appellants are all members of the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 11}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 10}}
{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}Union}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 {\*\xmlclose}'}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10630723 s executive. The third appellant, Viliame 
Taufa, is the President. He has nine previous convictions seven of them for being drunk and disorderly behaviour, the last one on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 11}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0
{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 10}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}16th December, 1976{\*\xmlclose}. Many of the offences were committed several years ago. There has been no previous conviction for a similar offence.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9706950 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10304046 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6497951 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3220670 The fourth appellant, Eroni Serukau, has two previous convictions one involving a police officer in the due execution of his duty. He is Vice President of the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}
{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 11}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 10}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}Union{\*\xmlclose}.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10304046 

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3220670 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11028315 The eighth appellant, Taito Rawaqa, has a long string of prior convictions between the years 1957 - 1974. There are 19 previous convictions three involving larceny one of which was }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323363 from a ship.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11028315  Nine convictions resulted in terms of imprisonment being imposed. He is a committee member of the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date
}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 11}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 10}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}Union{\*\xmlclose}.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3220670\charrsid7693548 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15815335 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10304046 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4021168 The trial M}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323363 
agistrate clearly expressed why he considered a sentence of six months imprisonment necessary and the facts before him the sentences were fully justified.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10304046 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323363 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242575 However, there is no doubt that the Union executive relied very heavily on the advice of 
the second appellant Taniela Veitata, the Industrial Adviser of the Union, and his convictions have now been quashed on technical grounds. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323363 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815335 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7864690 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618301 Further the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 11
}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 10}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}Union{\*\xmlclose} did }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9446202 give }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618301 28 days written strike notice to the Permanent Secretary purporting to comply with section 16 of the Act.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618301 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9446202 I have pointed out that for several reasons the notice was bad in law and by law the notice was deemed not to have been given. The}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9862801  
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 11}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 10}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}Union}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9446202 {\*\xmlclose} knew the Permanent Secretary was seeking clarification of the notice but it was also aware that he l
ater accepted the notice. Although the notice was in the circumstances invalid the strike did not take place until 28 days had elapsed from the time the notice was delivered to the Permanent Secretary.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11618301 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9446202 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9862801 As will now be apparent the Act is very complex and i
nvolves difficult questions of law and construction. These difficulties were recognised by the trial Magistrate in his lengthy and well considered judgment. He did not have the benefit I have had of having heard argument in two appeals from two eminent Au
stralian }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8012542 C}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9862801 ounsel one in support of the Act and one severely critical of it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9446202 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7498 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284144\charrsid11808844 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3892957 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8012542 
As for the members of the Union executive they are laymen who attempted to follow legal procedures but failed to do so. Had the written strike notice been properly framed and had the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname 
Month}{\xmlattrvalue 11}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 10}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}Union{\*\xmlclose}
 strictly followed the procedure laid down by the Act the appellants could legally have gone on strike subject to any lawful order thereafter made by the Minister in accordance with the powers vested in him. To that extent it was not a case of deli
berately flouting the law.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3892957 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8012542 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11099512\charrsid16326547 
Having said that, the nature of the strike and the manner in which it was conducted was such that the appellants must accept responsibility for their actions which they well knew would have and did have a disastrous effect on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1
{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 11}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 10}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0
{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 11}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 10}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}Fiji{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326547 
 They showed a total lack of concern for the interests of the public and the plans were put in hand to obtain overseas support some considerable time be
fore the strike occurred. Their actions merited convictions and a custodial sentence but in view of the circumstances to which I have referred I think it proper to take a course of action which will effectively reduce their time in prison by a little over
 three weeks.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8012542 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326547 
\par The sentence of six months}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9507573 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326547 
 imprisonment is set aside and in lieu thereof is substituted a term of imprisonment which will permit of their immediate release from prison.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5244996 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828397 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16326547 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326547\charrsid15155400 (SGD) R.G}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8997163 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326547\charrsid15155400  Kermode}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828397\charrsid15155400 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326547\charrsid16326547 JUDGE}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326547 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5244996 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326547 
\par {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 11}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 10}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}
{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 11}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 10}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}Suva{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose},
\par {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 11}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 10}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}10th November, 1977{\*\xmlclose}.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326547\charrsid7693548 
\par }}