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\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7285908 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8937952 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1585857 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285908\charrsid7285908 (WESTERN DIVISION) \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9193337 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285908\charrsid7285908 AT LAUTOKA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285908 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7285908 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9193337 APPELLATE JURISDICTION}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285908\charrsid9193337 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9193337 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9193337 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7285908 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1585857\charrsid9193337 Criminal Appeal No}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7086926\charrsid9193337 .}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285908\charrsid9193337 44 of 1977 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1585857 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285908 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7285908 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285908 BETWEEN \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9466889 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285908 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7285908 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285908\charrsid7285908 MOHINI LATA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1452480 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285908 d/o Ram Khelawan \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1585857 Appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285908 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1585857 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285908 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7285908 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285908 AND \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9466889 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285908 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7285908 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285908\charrsid7285908 REGINAM \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1585857 Respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285908 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9466889 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285908 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4946500 Mr. B}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285908 . C. Patel, Counsel for the Appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11040194 ;}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9466889 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285908 Mr. Dyfed Williams, Counsel for the Respondent.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285908\charrsid9466889 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9466889\charrsid9466889 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7285908 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285908\charrsid7285908 JUDGMENT}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9466889\charrsid7285908 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9466889 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9466889\charrsid9466889 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285908 This is an appeal against a decision of a magistrate at Lautoka finding the accused}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid813002 guilty on a charge of dangerous driving causing death. The circumstances out of which the charge arose are not altogether clear, although it is clear that the deceased who was a boy of approximately nine years of age was walking along the edge of the roa d towards the car which was being driven from Nadi towards Lautoka. It is clear too that the stretch of road where the incident occurred is quite straight, and that the accused first saw the child about 175}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8937952 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid813002 yards ahead of her. The prosecution case was that the accused ran off the road and struck the child, but the accused said that when she was about a cars}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9193337 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid813002 length away from him, the child stepped out onto the road, and she turned to the right and then to the left in an endeavour to avoid him, and during this manoeuvre the child was hit by her }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7031916 car. The accused}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9193337 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7031916 s car then went out of control and hit a telegraph post. The prosecution evidence consisted of that of the investigating officer who drew a plan and produced it to the court, the evidence of a man who s aw the accident from some distance away, and one who saw the boy before the accident and heard a thud and saw the boy thrown to his left}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1074722 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7031916 -}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1074722 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7031916 all from about 165 feet away, and statements made by the accused. The magistrate thought it doubtful whether that wit ness could see what he deposed to, and he did not accept the statement which the police obtained from the accused that she had hit two telegraph poles. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5006391 He accepted the evidence of the damage to the accused}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9193337 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5006391 s car and considered that to be much greater than would have occurred by striking a glancing blow at the deceased. He held that accused had created a dangerous situation by driving very close to the edge of the road when she knew that the child was approaching her on the edge of the road albeit a conside rable distance away}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1074722 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5006391 and that her lack of attention so that she did not see the deceased child step into the road caused his death, and he found her guilty as charged.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9466889 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5006391 \par Mr. B. C. Patel submits that in the light of the evidence the verdict is unreasonable. He says that the Magistrate }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604703 has assumed }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1074722 accused should have kept the bo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604703 y in view, and that there was no evidence to rebut her evidence that he stepped into the road when she was only a cars}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9193337 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604703 length away. But that is not quite the position. The accused admit ted that she did not see the child step into the road. The Magistrate has held that her failure to do so indicated that she failed to keep a careful lookout. Mr. Patel referred to a passage in Wilkinson on Road Traffic Offences (8}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604703\charrsid1074722 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604703 ed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1074722 n.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604703 ) at p. 288 where the following passage appears:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5006391 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604703 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15604703 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9193337 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604703 It is submitted that no criminal liability should attach to a driver for not keeping a proper }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16018211 l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604703 ook out during the second or two while he necessarily glances away from the road ahead}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604703\charrsid13786407 , providing he is driving at a reasonable speed.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9193337\charrsid13786407 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604703\charrsid13786407 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15604703 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604703\charrsid13786407 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9466889 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604703\charrsid13786407 The passage, however, continues:}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9466889\charrsid13786407 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9135143 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604703\charrsid13786407 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15604703 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9193337\charrsid13786407 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604703\charrsid13786407 If he is travelling at a speed of 30miles per hour a glance away for even}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2170772\charrsid13786407 four seconds may be dangerous}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9193337\charrsid13786407 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2170772\charrsid13786407 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15604703\charrsid13786407 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9466889 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9466889\charrsid13786407 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9074181\charrsid13786407 I think that passage answers Mr. Patel}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9193337\charrsid13786407 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9074181\charrsid13786407 s submission. Then there is the case of }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9074181\charrsid13786407 R v Parker}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9074181\charrsid13786407 (1957) 41 Cr. App}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135143 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9074181\charrsid13786407 R}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135143 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9074181\charrsid13786407 134, where a momentary inattention resulting in a failure to see traffic lights}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9074181 was held to be evidence on which a verdict of dangerous driving might be found. Mr. Patel then submits that the Magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135143 's c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9074181 ourt was in error in that it misapplied the law in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9074181\charrsid9767670 R v Gosney}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135143 (1971) 3 A.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9074181 E}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135143 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9074181 R}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135143 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9074181 220. The Magistrate in his judgment referred to the well known passage in that case at p. 224:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9466889 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9074181 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9074181 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9193337 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9074181 Fault does not necessarily involve deliberate misconduct or recklessness or an intention to drive in a manner inconsistent w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135143 ith proper standards of driving;}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9074181 nor does it involve moral blame. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135143 Fault involves failure i.e. a fa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9074181 lling below the standard of care or skill of a competent and experienced driver. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323332 Thus there is fault where an incom petent or inexperienced driver, although striving to do his best falls below that standard. Fault in this sense, even though it is slight, or is a moment}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135143 ary lapse, will be sufficient if}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323332 , looked at sensibly, it is a cause of the dangerous situation, althoug h not necessarily the sole cause. Such fault will often be sufficiently proved by inference from the facts of the situation but an accused is not precluded from avoiding that inference by proving some special fact relevant to the question of fault.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9193337 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9074181\charrsid9466889 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9466889 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9466889\charrsid9466889 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323332 Mr. P atel also submitted that the Magistrate had imposed a burden of proof on the accused, in saying that she had not sought to explain why she failed to see the deceased step into the road. But I think he simply means that the accused did not seek to prove an y special fact relevant to the question of fault. Mr. Patel referred to }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323332\charrsid9767670 R v Hennigan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135143 (1971) 3 A.E.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323332 R}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135143 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323332 133 and he submitted that this court should follow }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323332\charrsid9767670 R v Prem Siwan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5323332 Cr. App 72 of 1976}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14626131 (Lautoka) a decision of this Court. This case was cited to the learned Magistrate but distinguished by him. In that case }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135143 the accident occurred on a road}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14626131 on which there was no special limit, but there the deceased was plainly seen and he dithered instead of crossing. Williams J says:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9466889 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14626131\charrsid9466889 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14626131 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9193337 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14626131 This is not a case of a mo torist overtaking a pedestrian at high speed and not noticing him or not taking proper prosecutions to avoid him. The accused had a clear unobst}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135143 ructed road ahead of him and no}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14626131 compelling reason for having to reduce speed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9193337 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9466889\charrsid9466889 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9466889 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9466889\charrsid9466889 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14626131 That quotation is sufficient to indicate the difference between that and the facts of this case. Here although the accused was not travelling at high speed, she was travelling towards a pedestrian and -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135143 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14626131 moreover a child}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135143 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14626131 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135143 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14626131 whom she had in view for 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135143 75 yards and yet}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14626131 did not see when he ste pped on to the road. I agree with the learned Magistrate in distinguishing Prem Siwan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9193337 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14626131 s case.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9466889 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14626131 \par Mr. Patel also referred to several other cases but I do not think they help }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14703257 him. What finally has to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135143 be }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14703257 decided is whether there was evidence upon which the Magistrate could hold that accused was driving dangerously. The Magistrate thought there was and I am in agreement with him. The appe}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135143 al must therefore be dismissed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14626131\charrsid9466889 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14626131 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9193337 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14703257\charrsid9193337 (Sgd.) K. A. Stuart}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14626131\charrsid9193337 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14703257\charrsid9193337 JUDGE \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9466889 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14626131 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8728329 LAUTOKA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14626131 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8728329 1st }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14703257 July 1977 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14626131 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14703257 Messrs Stuart, R}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid267271 eddy & Co., Solicitors, Lautoka;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14626131 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid267271 Solicitors for the Appellant;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14703257 \par The Director of Public Prosecutions for the Respondents.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9466889\charrsid9466889 \par }}