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{\*\generator Microsoft Word 10.0.6850;}{\info{\title IN THE SUPREME COURT OF FIJI}{\author Teniau_d}{\operator maltungtung_l}{\creatim\yr2009\mo1\dy28\hr10\min5}{\revtim\yr2009\mo3\dy17\hr11\min8}{\version18}{\edmins16}{\nofpages4}{\nofwords1866}
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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16150169 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124\charrsid16150169 
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}FIJI{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
\par (WESTERN DIVISION)
\par AT LAUTOKA
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13658451 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16150169 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124 Appellate Jurisdiction
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124\charrsid8602324 Criminal Appeal No. 54 of 1977
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7354014 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16150169 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124 BETWEEN:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7354014 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16150169 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124\charrsid16150169 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname City}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}REGINA
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124 (Appellant)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7354014 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16150169 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124 AND:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7354014 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16150169 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124\charrsid16150169 CHET RAM}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124  s/o Budh Ram
\par (Respondent)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13658451 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124 
\par Mr. I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12524643 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124  Khan, Counsel for the Appellant
\par Respondent in person.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li5040\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid7354014 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7354014 JUDG}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124\charrsid7354014 MENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13658451 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124 
\par The Crown are appealing against the sentences imposed by a magistrate, on one CHET RAM, in six criminal cases which were heard on 18.3.77. The appeals are Nos. 54 to 59 of 1977.
\par 
\par In every case except one the accused had pleaded Not Guilty but after several appearances tendered a plea of Guilty.
\par 
\par The cases which I will refer to by the members given in the magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602324 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124 s court are as follows:-
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8602324 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7354014\charrsid11744146 638}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124\charrsid11744146 /76}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124 . Disorderly behaviour contrary to section 4 of the Minor Offences Act 10 of 1971 on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}
{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 6}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 8}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1976}}}6/8/76{\*\xmlclose}.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4939845 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124\charrsid6237124 Facts.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124\charrsid6237124 Abusing neighbours.
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124 Sentence. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124\charrsid6237124 Disturbing under s.38 P.C. conditional for 12 months.
\par First appearance in Court on 4.10.76.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13658451 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8602324 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124\charrsid4939845 669/76}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10300037 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124  Assault occasioning actual bodily harm contrary to section 277 P.C. on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 8}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname 
Day}{\xmlattrvalue 21}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1976}}}21/8/76{\*\xmlclose}.
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10300037 Facts.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124 Accused threw a bottle at complaint who received a superficial out on lip.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10300037 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124\charrsid6237124 Sentence}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10300037 . }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124 9 months suspended for two years. First appearance in Court 6.9.76.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13658451 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8602324 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124\charrsid4939845 145/76}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10300037 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124  Criminal Trespass contrary to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10439692 s.218 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10439692 
) (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124 a) P.C. on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 5}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 3}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname 
Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}5/3/77{\*\xmlclose}.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10300037 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124\charrsid2110034 Facts}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124 . Accus
ed threw a bottle at complainant who received a superficial cut on lip.
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124\charrsid2110034 Sentence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124  9 months suspended for 2 years. First appearance in Court 6.9.76.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13658451 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8602324 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124\charrsid4939845 145/76}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10439692 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124  Criminal Trespass contrary to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10439692 s.218 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10439692 
) (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124 a) P.C. on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 5}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 3}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname 
Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}5/3/77{\*\xmlclose}.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10439692 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124\charrsid2110034 Facts.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124  At {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1
{\factoidname time}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Hour}{\xmlattrvalue 2}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Minute}{\xmlattrvalue 0}}}2 a.m.{\*\xmlclose} }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2110034 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}
{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 5}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 3}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}5/3/77{\*\xmlclose}
 accused intoxicated, on horseback; caught in rain, called on comp}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7354014 lainant for umbrella; annoyed at}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2110034 
 being caused to wait for umbrella; received umbrella. Returned with cane knife; threatened and abused the house wife but departed when the husband appeared.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237124 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2110034\charrsid2110034 Sentence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2110034  Conditional discharge over 12 months period under }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10439692 s.38 (}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2110034 1) P.C. First appearance in Court {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 3}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 18}}
{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}18/3/77{\*\xmlclose}.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13658451 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9731498 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8602324 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9731498\charrsid4939845 572/76}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9731498 
. Criminal trespass contrary to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10439692 s.218 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9731498 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10439692 ) (}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9731498 a) P.C. on 7.7.76. 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10439692 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9731498\charrsid4356126 Facts.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9731498  {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1
{\factoidname time}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Hour}{\xmlattrvalue 6}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Minute}{\xmlattrvalue 0}}}6 a.m.{\*\xmlclose} complainant left his wife and children at home. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname time}
{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Hour}{\xmlattrvalue 8}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Minute}{\xmlattrvalue 0}}}8 a.m.{\*\xmlclose}, accused who was drank went to house, went into kitchen pulled her hand and abused her. The wife raised alarm \endash 
 accused departed.
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9731498\charrsid4356126 Sentence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9731498  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10439692 Sm38 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9731498 
1) P.C. First appearance in Court 9.8.76.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13658451 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9731498 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8602324 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7354014\charrsid4939845 817/76}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8198049 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7354014  Drank &}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398401  Disorderly contrary to S.4 Minor Offences Act 10/71 on 26.10.76.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9731498 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5322142 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5322142 Facts.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398401\charrsid4356126 
\par Sentence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398401 . }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5322142 S.38 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398401 1) P.C. First appearance in Court {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}
{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 8}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 11}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1976}}}8/11/76{\*\xmlclose}.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13658451 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398401 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8602324 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398401\charrsid8198049 869/76}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8198049 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398401  Criminal Trespass contrary to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8198049 S.218 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398401 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8198049 
) (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398401 a) P.C. on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 11}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 26}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname 
Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1976}}}26/11/76{\*\xmlclose}.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8198049 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398401\charrsid4356126 Facts}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398401 . At {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1
{\factoidname time}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Hour}{\xmlattrvalue 0}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Minute}{\xmlattrvalue 0}}}12 midnight{\*\xmlclose} went to house. Wife alo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4144961 n}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398401 e with the children. Asked for water. She told him to leave. Accused threatened her with knife. Wife r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8198049 a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398401 n for help.
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398401\charrsid4356126 Sentence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398401  Fine $25.00 or 2 month}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602324 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398401 s imprisonment. First appearance in Court 6.12.76. Prohibited from possessing or drinking alcohol for 2 years under s.68 Liquor Ordinance.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13658451 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398401 
\par In passing the immediately preceding sentence the magistrate remarked that accused had a drink problem and said,
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4398401 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602324 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10970218 S}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398401 uspended sentence of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 10}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 20}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0
{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1975}}}20/10/75{\*\xmlclose} for an offence of different character. Not proper to activate.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602324 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398401 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5860418 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398401 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4398401 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398401 
As may be imagined from the list of foregoing offences the accused has a record of previous convictions. In fact he has what can only be d
escribed as an appalling record which commence as far back as 1961 and reveals 16 previous convictions the last one being on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 6}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname 
Day}{\xmlattrvalue 17}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}9/12/75{\*\xmlclose}.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7406178 It is fairly clear from a perusal of the accused}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602324 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7406178 
s past record and his present convictions that the accused has a drink problem and that when he is drank he is inclined to be a nuisance to the public and aggressive and at vicious.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9469219 People who are alcoholic}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600890 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9469219 
 or near alcoholics no doubt suffer from an almost uncontrollable urge to consume alcohol. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15212711 The existence of such organisations as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602324 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15212711 alcoholics anonymous}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602324 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15212711 
 throughout the entire world proclaims the extent and seriousness of this social problem. Nevertheless it is not every person with a drink problem who is aggressive and vicious or a nuisance to his nei
ghbours and those around him and a man cannot be permitted to repeatedly break the law because he has a drink problem.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398401 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15212711 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1670362 The learned}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5272015  magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5517720 
 undoubtedly felt that the accused needed some strong incentive to help him stay away from drink and for that reason he imposed the Prohibition Order in case 869/77. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600890 It}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5517720  is an order which bars the person subject to it from possessing alcohol and in the event of a breach carries very heavy penalties. It could provide substantial incentive to the accused to reform his dr
unken habits. However, there are other factors in the accused}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602324 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5517720 
s scope in selecting what he considered to be the best way of dealing with the accused. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15212711 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1670362 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600890 As}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1670362  I have indicated the magistrate in making the Prohibition Order referred to a suspended sentence which had been imposed on an accused on 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 6}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 17}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}20/10/75{\*\xmlclose}. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600890 It}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1670362  followed a conviction for fraudulent conversion contrary to section 311(1)(x)(1) P
.C. and the sentence was one of 9 months imprisonment suspended for 2 years. The magistrate decided }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600890 not }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1670362 to activate it because in his opin}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600890 ion the o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1670362 ffence of criminal trespass with which he was then dealing was out of keeping with the offence of fraudulent 
conversion for which the suspended sentence had been imposed.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15550890 However}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600890 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15550890 
 the magistrate was not considering one solitary offence of criminal trespass. He was on that day, namely }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600890 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 6}
}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 17}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}18th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15550890  March 1977{\*\xmlclose}, dealing with the 6 aforesaid offences, 
one of which, Criminal Case 669/76 was a serious enough assault to cause the magistrate to impose a sentence }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4146367 
of 9 months suspended for 2 years. In passing that sentence the magistrate may have completely overlooked the fact that the accused was already the subject of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012449 
a sentence of 9 months suspended for 2 years.
\par 
\par The Crown have appealed against the magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602324 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012449 s failure to activate the suspended sentence of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}
{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 6}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 17}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}20/10/75{\*\xmlclose}
 (Supra) and to make an order in relation to it. For reasons appearing hereinafter I am of the opinion that the magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602324 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012449 
s omission to deal with a suspended sentence when convicting an accused of a subsequent offence cannot be the subject of an appeal but should be dealt with by way of mandamus.
\par 
\par The Supreme Court in numerous judgements delivered on appeals has referred on appeals has referred magistrates to the provision of S.28A of the P.C}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600890 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12012449  which confers the power of imposing suspended sentences. S. 28A
 of the P.C. which confers the power of imposing suspended sentences. S. 28B(1) states that where during the operational period of a suspended sentence the offender is convicted of an offence punishable }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid84695 
with imprisonment the court shall with the suspended sentence by (a) by increasing the balance of the period of suspension to not more than 3 years; or (d) make any order with respect to the suspended sentence.
\par 
\par It is clear from S. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15535281 28B (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid84695 1) that a magistrate cannot ignore the suspended sentence; he must do something about it. Although under }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15535281 S.28B (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid84695 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15535281 ) (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid84695 
d) he may make any order he obviously cannot order that nothing be dome about it. In fact }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15535281 S.28B (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid84695 1}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15535281 ) (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid84695 d) is followed by a positive direction that the court shall activate the suspended sentence for the full term u
nless it would be unjust to do so in view of circumstances which have arisen since it was passed including the facts of the subsequent offence, AND it also states that if a magistrate takes this course he shall state his reasons for so doing. The fact tha
t the subsequent conviction is for a different }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9207155 
offence from that for which the suspended sentence was imposed can scarcely be sufficient reason for its not being activated, the reasons must have to do with circumstances which have arisen the suspended sentence was imposed. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12475526 S.28B (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9207155 1) which deals with the activation of suspended sentences states that \endash 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9207155 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602324 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16589488 Where an offender is}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9207155  convicted of an offence punishable with imprisonment committed during the operational period of a suspended sentence -------.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602324 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1670362 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5860418 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197929 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12197929 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197929 the court
 shall deal with the suspended sentence. All the six offences for which the accused was convicted were punishable with imprisonment. They were all committed during the operational period of the suspended sentence. It was not sufficient for the magistrate 
to select only one of those subsequent convictions and say it was not sufficient to justify activation of the suspended sentence and on that basis alone to make no order.
\par 
\par Therefore unless he was of the opinion that it was unjust to do so, for which he would give reasons, the magistrate should have activated the suspended sentence. Having regard to the accused}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602324 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197929 s six convictions outlined above, all for the offences committed during the period of suspension, one of which in case 669/76 being an }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5256845 
assault which was, in the convicting magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602324 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5256845 
s view, serious enough to merit 9 months imprisonments suspended for 2 years, it can scarcely be argued that it would have been unjust to follow the direction contained in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12475526 S.28B (}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5256845 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16589488 ) (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5256845 a) by activating the sentence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197929 

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5256845 
\par It has been pointed out by the Chief Justice and judges that where an accused who is subject to an existing suspended sentence is convicted during that term for a subsequent offence it is not appropriate to deal with him by imposing yet another suspended 
sentence. In fact }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12475526 S.28B (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5256845 1) makes it apparent that unless it is unjust to do so the suspended sentence must be activated.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7032981 It would be inappropriate to activate a suspended sentence because }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16589488 of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7032981 
a subsequent conviction and at the same time impose a sentence o
f 9 months suspended for 2 years in respect of that subsequent conviction. Since the learned magistrate ought to activate the suspended sentence of 20.10.75 it follows that the 9 months suspended sentence he imposed on 28.3.77 for assault occasioning bodi
ly harm is not appropriate in that the accused would be imprison for part of the operational period.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5256845 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7032981 
\par Therefore I set aside the sentence of 9 months suspended for 2 years passed by the magistrate in Cr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8472236 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7032981 Case 669/76 for assault }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1132926 occasioning }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16589488 actual bodily harm. The assault}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1132926 
 which took the form of throwing a bottle at the complainant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16589488  could have had more serious consequences than slightly cutting the complainant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602324 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1132926 s top lip. However, I consider it fair to deal with the accused on the basis of the injury actually infl
icted bearing in mind the unpleasant way in which it was caused. I regard a sentence of 4 months imprisonment as being adequate for that offence. Turning now to other 5 convictions it seems to me that conditional discharges operating for a period of 12 mo
nths should not run concurrently to a term of imprisonment imposed on the same date. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7032981 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1132926 
\par The offence in Cr.Case 638/76 Disorderly Behavio}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8599487 u}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1132926 
r carries 12 months imprisonment on a third conviction. The accused has 5 previous convictions for that offence. Cr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16589488 .Case 817/76 is}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1132926 
 for a similar offence. I set aside the magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602324 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1132926 
s orders and impose a sentence of 2 months on each of those offences; concurrent to each other but consecutive to the foregoing sentence of 4 months imprisonment. 
\par 
\par For the convictions of Criminal Trespass in Cr.Case 145/77, 572/76 I set aside the magistrate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602324 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1132926 s sentence and I impose sentences of 3 months}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602324 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1132926  imprisonment in each case concurrent to each other and to the sentence already imposed.
\par 
\par Thus the total sentence to be served is 6 months. 
\par 
\par For the purpose of clarification I make the following order:-
\par 
\par Order:-
\par 
\par The sentences and orders passed and made by the magistrate in Criminal Cases }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9331705 638/76, 669/76, 145/77,572/76, 817/76 & 869/76 are set aside and in their places I impose the following sentences:-}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1132926 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9331705 
\par Cr.App. No. 55/77-Cr.Case 669/76 \endash  4 months imprisonment 
\par Cr.App. No. 54/77}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10169697 -Cr.Case 638/77}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9331705  \endash  2 months imprisonment consecutive to the above 4 months.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9331705 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10169697 Cr.App. No. 58}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9331705 /77-Cr.Case }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9580434 817/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9331705 76 \endash  2 months concurrent to the foregoing
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10169697 Cr.App. No. 56}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9331705 /77-Cr.Case }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9580434 145}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9331705 /76 
\endash  3 months concurrent
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10169697 Cr.App. No. 57}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9580434 /77-Cr.Case 572}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9331705 /76 \endash  3 months concurrent
\par Cr.App. No. 5}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10169697 9}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9580434 /77-Cr.Case 8}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9331705 69/76 \endash  3 months concurrent 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3945099 
\par That is the total of 6 months in all.
\par 
\par It will be noted that I have not made any order in relation to the suspended sentence of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 6}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 17}}
{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}20/10/75{\*\xmlclose} which the magistrate did not deal with. This is because, in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12208277 my }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3945099 
view the Ordinance gives me no power to deal with it in place of the magistrate. I only have jurisdiction in a case where the magistrate }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1649628 
has purported to deal with it. It can then be the subject of an appeal against sentence or on some ground of law. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3945099 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1649628 
\par The
 magistrate having misinterpreted his duties under S.28 P.C. should now go ahead and deal with the suspended sentence but I have no power to order him to do so. The Crown however, may ask this court for an order of mandamus directing the magistrate to car
ry out his duty in relation to that sentence as was pointed out in James Robert Gordon}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602324 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1649628 s case, Cr.App.R. 53/69, 307 at 311.
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1649628\charrsid12208277 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8602324 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12208277\charrsid12208277 (SGD) J. T. WILLIAMS}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1649628 \line }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1649628\charrsid1649628 JUDGE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1649628 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid873626 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1649628 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1649628 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1649628\charrsid1649628 LAUTOKA,
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12208277 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 6}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 17}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}
{\xmlattrvalue 1977}}}17th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1649628\charrsid1649628  June, 1977{\*\xmlclose}.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1649628 
\par }}